WO2022215430A1 - セパレータおよびそれを用いた円筒形二次電池 - Google Patents
セパレータおよびそれを用いた円筒形二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022215430A1 WO2022215430A1 PCT/JP2022/010607 JP2022010607W WO2022215430A1 WO 2022215430 A1 WO2022215430 A1 WO 2022215430A1 JP 2022010607 W JP2022010607 W JP 2022010607W WO 2022215430 A1 WO2022215430 A1 WO 2022215430A1
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- Prior art keywords
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- resin layer
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
- H01M50/466—U-shaped, bag-shaped or folded
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to separators and cylindrical secondary batteries using the same.
- a cylindrical secondary battery includes a bottomed cylindrical case body and an electrode plate group arranged in the case body.
- the electrode plate assembly is formed by winding a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator. Conventionally, various separators used in secondary batteries have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2006-525624 discloses "a battery separator membrane coated with a gelatinous polymer in a range of 40 to 60% of the total area of the separator membrane.”
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2016-201327 describes a long sheet-like non-aqueous electrolyte 2 comprising a resin substrate layer and a heat-resistant layer formed on one surface of the substrate.
- a separator for a secondary battery wherein the heat-resistant layer contains heat-resistant fine particles and a binder, and the binder per unit volume contained in the heat-resistant layer located at the end in the width direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the separator The amount is greater than the amount of binder per unit volume contained in the heat-resistant layer located in the central portion including at least the center in the width direction of the separator, and the heat-resistant layer at the end portion has a relatively large amount of the binder.
- a separator in which the amount of binder per unit volume contained in a region adjacent to the material layer is greater than the amount of binder per unit volume contained in a surface region relatively close to the surface including the surface of the heat-resistant layer. is doing.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-64879 discloses that "a porous membrane, an inorganic particle layer formed on at least one surface of the porous membrane and having inorganic particles occupying 80% by volume or more of the entire layer, a porous resin layer formed on the surface of the inorganic particle layer and integrated with the inorganic particle layer.”
- Cylindrical secondary batteries are required to further improve battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics.
- one object of the present disclosure is to provide a cylindrical secondary battery with high battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics, and a separator that can be used therein.
- the separator is a strip-shaped separator having first and second long sides, and includes a base material, an inorganic filler layer laminated on the base material and containing an inorganic filler as a main component, and one of the inorganic filler layers. a resin layer laminated on the portion and containing resin as a main component, at least a portion of the resin layer being formed in a strip-shaped first region and a strip-shaped second region; First and second regions extend adjacent to the first and second long sides, respectively, and a third region between the first region and the second region includes the resin There are portions where no layer is formed.
- the cylindrical secondary battery includes a battery case including a bottomed cylindrical case main body, and an electrode plate group and an electrolyte arranged in the case main body.
- the electrode plate group is formed by winding a plate and a separator so that the separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and the separator is the separator according to the present disclosure.
- a cylindrical secondary battery with high battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics can be realized.
- FIG. 2 is a top view schematically showing an example of the separator of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram schematically showing a cross section taken along line IB-IB of FIG. 1A; 4 is a top view schematically showing another example of the separator of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing another example of the separator of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing another example of the separator of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing another example of the separator of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing another example of the separator of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing another example of the separator of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a cylindrical secondary battery of Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing part of a cylindrical secondary battery
- the separator (S) of this embodiment is a strip-shaped separator having first and second long sides.
- the separator (S) includes a substrate, an inorganic filler layer laminated on the substrate and containing an inorganic filler as a main component, and a resin layer laminated on a part of the inorganic filler layer and containing a resin as a main component. include. At least part of the resin layer is formed in the strip-shaped first region and the strip-shaped second region. The first and second regions extend adjacent the first and second long sides, respectively. A third region between the first region and the second region has a portion where the resin layer is not formed.
- the separator (S) can be used as a battery separator, and is particularly preferably used as a cylindrical secondary battery separator. An example of a cylindrical secondary battery will be described later.
- Layer (L) is a layer laminated on the base material.
- the layer (L) is laminated on at least one surface of the substrate.
- the layer (L) may be laminated on only one surface of the substrate.
- layer (L) may be laminated on both sides of the substrate. In that case the separator comprises two layers (L).
- the inorganic filler layer is mainly composed of inorganic filler. Specifically, the content of the inorganic filler in the inorganic filler layer is higher than 50% by mass, and may be 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more.
- the resin layer contains resin as a main component. Specifically, the resin content in the resin layer may be higher than 50% by mass, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more.
- the inorganic filler layer functions as a heat-resistant layer.
- the inventors of the present application have found that the use of the heat-resistant layer sometimes deteriorates the cycle characteristics. Moreover, the inventors of the present application have found that the heat resistance may be insufficient only with the heat-resistant layer. The present disclosure is based on these new findings.
- the separator of the present disclosure includes an inorganic filler layer and a resin layer.
- the inorganic filler layer can improve the heat resistance of the separator. Further, by forming the resin layer only on a part of the inorganic filler layer, the electrolyte can easily flow in the space where the resin layer is not formed, and the cycle characteristics can be improved. Furthermore, by forming the resin layer, the shrinkage of the separator can be suppressed, and the heat resistance of the separator can be further improved.
- An insulating inorganic filler can be used as the inorganic filler contained in the inorganic filler layer.
- insulating inorganic filler materials include insulating metal compounds (metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, etc.), such as aluminum oxide (alumina), titanium oxide (titania), silica, Zirconium oxide (zirconia), magnesium oxide (magnesia) and the like are included.
- the shape of the inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and may be particulate (spherical, scale-like, etc.) or fibrous.
- the inorganic filler layer may contain only one type of inorganic filler, or may contain a plurality of types of inorganic fillers. As the inorganic filler, a known insulating inorganic filler used in secondary batteries may be used.
- the average particle size of the inorganic filler particles may be selected according to the thickness of the inorganic filler layer.
- the average particle size (median size in volume-based particle size distribution) of the inorganic filler particles may be 2 ⁇ m or less (for example, 1 ⁇ m or less).
- the average particle size of the inorganic filler particles may be 50 nm or more and may be in the range of 50 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size is the median size (D 50 ) at which the cumulative volume is 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- the median diameter is determined using, for example, a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer.
- the inorganic filler layer preferably contains a binder, and may contain other components.
- binders include fluororesins, acrylic resins, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, and the like.
- examples of binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, nitrocellulose, and the like.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- styrene-butadiene rubber acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- polymethylmethacrylate polyethylene
- nitrocellulose nitrocellulose
- the inorganic filler layer is preferably formed on almost the entire surface of the base material on which the layer (L) is formed.
- the inorganic filler layer is formed in a range of 80 to 100% (for example, a range of 90 to 100% or a range of 95 to 100%) of the area of the surface of the substrate on which the layer (L) is formed. preferably. In a typical example, the inorganic filler layer is formed on the entire surface of the base material on which the layer (L) is formed.
- the thickness of the inorganic filler layer should be selected within an appropriate range, taking into account the effect on battery characteristics (heat resistance, etc.).
- the thickness of the inorganic filler layer may be in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m (eg, in the range of 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m).
- the resin layer contains resin as its main component.
- An insulating resin can be used as the main component resin.
- insulating resins include fluorine resins, acrylic resins, and the like.
- resins include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, and the like.
- the resin that is the main component of the resin layer and the binder contained in the inorganic filler layer may be the same or different. By making both the same, the adhesion between the inorganic filler layer and the resin layer can be enhanced.
- the resin layer may contain components other than resin.
- the resin layer may contain an inorganic filler.
- the content of the inorganic filler in the resin layer is less than 50% by mass, for example, 20% by mass or less or 10% by mass or less.
- the inorganic filler contained in the resin layer include the inorganic fillers exemplified as the inorganic filler of the inorganic filler layer.
- the thickness of the resin layer should be selected within an appropriate range, taking into consideration the effect on battery characteristics (heat resistance, cycle characteristics, etc.).
- the thickness of the resin layer may be in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m (eg, in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m).
- Examples of base materials include porous membranes, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics made of insulating resin.
- insulating resins include polyolefin-based resins, polyester-based resins, and the like.
- Preferred examples of the substrate include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and the like.
- the thickness of the base material should be selected in consideration of the type and structure of the battery used.
- the thickness of the substrate may be in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m (eg, in the range of 8 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m).
- the ratio (%) of the area where the resin layer is formed in the first and second regions is preferably higher than the ratio (%) of the area where the resin layer is formed in the third region.
- the width of the first region and the width of the second region are each preferably 30% or less (for example, 25% or less or 20% or less) of the width of the separator (the width of the base material). With this configuration, the space formed in the third region can be increased.
- the width of the first region and the width of the second region may each be in the range of 5-30% of the width of the separator (eg, in the range of 10-25%, or in the range of 10-20%).
- the width of the first region and the width of the second region are typically about the same or the same.
- the width of the first region may be in the range of 70-140% (eg, in the range of 80-125%) of the width of the second region.
- the width of the separator means the length of the separator in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the separator.
- the width of each region of the separator means the width of each region in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the separator.
- the width of the electrode plate means the length of the electrode plate in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the electrode plate.
- the third region may include a strip-shaped fourth region extending parallel to the first region.
- a resin layer is formed in the fourth region.
- the third region may include a plurality of strip-shaped fourth regions.
- the resin layers formed in the first, second, and fourth regions may be arranged in stripes along the longitudinal direction of the separator.
- a resin layer may or may not be formed in the third region. However, the resin layer is not formed on the entire third region.
- the average thickness Dr ( ⁇ m) of the resin layer may be 0.47 times or less of the total Ds ( ⁇ m) of the average thickness of the substrate and the average thickness of the inorganic filler layer.
- each average thickness is calculated
- the ratio of the area where the resin layer is formed is in the range of 5 to 100% (for example, the range of 30 to 100%, the range of 50 to 100%, or the range of 80 to 100%). ).
- a resin layer may be formed over the entire surfaces of the first region and the second region.
- the shrinkage ratio R (%) may satisfy (R/100) ⁇ Ws ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ Wr.
- the resin layer preferably has voids.
- the inorganic filler layer preferably has voids.
- the porosity of the resin layer may be in the range of about 40-80%.
- the porosity of the filler layer may be in the range of about 50-80%.
- electrolyte permeates the voids to improve ionic conductivity.
- the resin layer having voids can be formed by applying a kneaded resin and a plasticizer (solvent) onto the inorganic filler layer and then extracting and washing the plasticizer.
- the inorganic filler layer having voids can be formed by adjusting the binder ratio, particle shape, and particle size distribution. Since voids are generated between inorganic fillers, it is possible to form an inorganic filler layer having voids by forming an inorganic filler layer by a general method.
- the separator (S) preferably satisfies the following condition (1), and preferably satisfies one, two, three, or four of the following conditions (2) to (5): .
- the separator (S) may satisfy all of the following conditions (1) to (5).
- (1) The ratio (%) of the area where the resin layer is formed in the first and second regions is higher than the ratio (%) of the area where the resin layer is formed in the third region.
- the latter proportion may be in the range of 0 to 0.5 times the former proportion (eg, in the range of 0 to 0.2 times).
- the ratio of the area where the resin layer is formed is in the range of 5 to 100% (for example, the range of 30 to 100%, the range of 50 to 100%, or the range of 80 to 100%).
- the width W1 of the first region and the width W2 of the second region are each in the range of 5 to 30% of the width Ws of the separator (the width of the base material) (for example, the range of 5 to 25%, or the range of 10%). ⁇ 20% range).
- the first long side of the separator and a region having a distance of L1 from the first long side are defined as a first region, and the second long side of the separator and a distance from the second long side are defined as a distance L2.
- a certain area may be the second area.
- Distance L1 and distance L2 may each be selected from the lengths exemplified for width W1 above.
- the area of the portion of the third region where the resin layer is formed is in the range of 0 to 0.8 times the area of the resin layer of the first and second regions (for example, 0 0.5 times or 0 to 0.3 times) is formed in a plurality of stripes and/or a plurality of scattered islands.
- the stripes may be formed by intermittently formed resin layers.
- a base material is prepared.
- a commercially available base material may be used as the base material.
- the substrate may be manufactured based on known methods.
- an inorganic filler layer is formed on the substrate.
- the inorganic filler layer can be formed, for example, by applying a slurry containing an inorganic filler and drying it.
- a slurry can be prepared by mixing materials including a binder and an inorganic filler.
- the material may contain a dispersion medium (such as water).
- a resin layer is formed on a part of the inorganic filler layer.
- the resin layer may be formed, for example, by coating and curing a resin composition that is the material of the resin layer.
- a resin composition that is the material of the resin layer.
- the slurry and the resin composition may be applied by a screen printing method, a transfer method, or the like, or may be applied by an inkjet method or the like.
- the cylindrical secondary battery according to the present disclosure may be hereinafter referred to as "battery (B)".
- the battery (B) of the present embodiment includes a battery case including a cylindrical case body with a bottom, and an electrode plate group and an electrolyte arranged in the case body.
- the case body is sealed with a sealing body, a gasket, and the like.
- the electrode plate group is formed by winding a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator so that the separator is arranged between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.
- the separator is the separator (separator (S)) of the present embodiment described above.
- cylindrical secondary batteries examples include nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the cylindrical secondary battery may be a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the layer (L) may be laminated on the surface of the two surfaces of the separator (S) facing the positive electrode plate, It may be laminated on the surface facing the negative electrode plate.
- the layer (L) is preferably laminated on the surface facing the positive electrode side.
- the base material of the separator (S) is adjacent to the negative electrode plate, and the resin layer is adjacent to the positive electrode plate.
- the average thickness Dr ( ⁇ m) of the resin layer of the separator is 0.004 times or more (e.g., 0.004 to 0.1 times).
- Discharged state refers to the state when a battery in a fully charged state is discharged at a constant current (specifically, a current equivalent to 1C), and the discharge is continued until the battery voltage reaches 2.5V.
- the width Ws (mm) of the separator is preferably larger than the width Wp (mm) of the positive electrode plate and the width Wn (mm) of the negative electrode plate.
- the width W3 of the third region may be 0.4 times or more the width Wn of the negative electrode plate, and may be in the range of 0.4 to 0.95 times. By setting the width W3 to 0.4 times or more the width Wn, a sufficient space can be provided between the inorganic filler layer and the electrode plate.
- the widthwise end of the electrode plate adjacent to the resin layer is preferably in contact with the resin layer present in the first region or the second region. That is, the width of the electrode plate adjacent to the resin layer is preferably larger than the width W3 and smaller than the width Ws. According to this configuration, the displacement between the separator and the electrode plate can be particularly suppressed. Similarly, the width of the electrode plate not adjacent to the resin layer is preferably larger than the width W3 and smaller than the width Ws. If the electrode plate adjacent to the resin layer is a positive electrode plate, the electrode plate not adjacent to the resin layer is a negative electrode plate, and if the electrode plate adjacent to the resin layer is a negative electrode plate, the electrode plate not adjacent to the resin layer is used. is the positive plate. That is, the width Wp of the positive electrode plate and the width Wn of the negative electrode plate are preferably larger than the width W3 and smaller than the width Ws.
- the manufacturing method of the battery (B) is not limited except that the separator (S) is used, and it may be manufactured by a known method.
- the configuration of the cylindrical battery (B) will be described below.
- the configuration of the battery is not limited to the following examples.
- known components may be used.
- An example in which the battery (B) is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery (more specifically, a lithium ion secondary battery) will be mainly described below. If the battery (B) is another battery, the material may be changed according to the type of battery.
- the positive plate includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer formed on the positive current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil. Examples of positive electrode current collector materials include aluminum, aluminum alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, stainless steel, and the like.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector may be, for example, in the range of 5 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material, and if necessary, may contain other substances (a binder, a conductive agent, etc.).
- the positive electrode active material and other materials are not limited, and known materials may be used.
- positive electrode active materials include materials that reversibly absorb and release lithium ions.
- positive electrode active materials include metal oxides containing lithium.
- lithium-containing metal oxides include lithium transition metal composite oxides, lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxides, and the like.
- lithium transition metal composite oxides examples include lithium-manganese composite oxides (eg LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium-nickel composite oxides (eg LiNiO 2 ), lithium-cobalt composite oxides (eg LiCoO 2 ), and , composite oxides in which part of these transition metal elements are replaced with other metal elements (typical metal elements and/or transition metal elements).
- the negative plate includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer formed on the negative current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil. Examples of metal materials for the negative electrode current collector include copper, nickel, iron, and alloys containing these metal elements (copper alloys, stainless steel, etc.).
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector may be, for example, in the range of 5 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode active material layer contains the negative electrode active material, and may contain other substances (binder, conductive agent, thickener, etc.) as necessary.
- the negative electrode active material and other materials are not limited, and known materials may be used.
- examples of negative electrode active materials include materials that reversibly absorb and release lithium ions.
- examples of negative electrode active materials include carbon materials, silicon, silicon compounds, lithium alloys, and the like.
- Examples of carbon materials include graphite, coke, ungraphitized carbon, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, and the like.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity can be used as the electrolyte (electrolytic solution).
- a typical non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and lithium ions and anions dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may be liquid or gel containing a matrix polymer.
- a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte can be prepared by dissolving a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent.
- Lithium ions and anions are produced by dissolving a lithium salt (salt of lithium ions and anions) in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is not particularly limited, and electrolytes used in non-aqueous electrolyte batteries may be used.
- lithium salt anions examples include BF 4 ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ , anions of imides, anions of oxalate complexes, and the like.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and halogen-substituted products thereof (eg, fluorides).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain only one type of these non-aqueous solvents, or may contain two or more types.
- esters include carbonates, carboxylates, and the like.
- examples of cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and the like.
- Examples of chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and the like.
- examples of cyclic carboxylic acid esters include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and the like.
- chain carboxylic acid esters include ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl fluoropropionate, and the like.
- a typical battery case includes a case body, a seal, and a gasket disposed between the case body and the seal.
- the case body is a bottomed cylindrical case having an opening.
- a known battery case may be used as the battery case.
- Embodiment 1 describes an example of the separator (S).
- a top view of the separator 50 of Embodiment 1 is schematically shown in FIG. 1A, and a cross-sectional view taken along line IB-IB in FIG. 1A is schematically shown in FIG. 1B.
- the separator 50 has a strip shape (elongated rectangular shape) having a first long side 50a and a second long side 50b.
- the separator 50 includes a strip-shaped base material 51 and a layer 52 laminated on one side of the base material 51 .
- Layer 52 includes inorganic filler layer 53 and resin layer 54 .
- the inorganic filler layer 53 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 51 .
- At least part of the resin layer 54 is formed in the strip-shaped first region 61 and the strip-shaped second region 62 .
- the first region 61 and the second region 62 extend adjacent to the first long side 50a and the second long side 50b, respectively.
- a third region 63 between the first region 61 and the second region 62 has a portion where the resin layer 54 is not formed.
- the resin layer 54 includes a first resin layer 54a and a second resin layer 54b formed in stripes.
- the region where the first resin layer 54a is formed is the first region 61
- the region where the second resin layer 54b is formed is the second region 62.
- the first long side 50 a is one long side of the first region 61
- one long side of the second region 62 is one long side of the second region 62 .
- FIG. 1A shows the resin layer 54 on the entire surface of the first region 61 and the second region 62, and the resin layer 54 is not formed on the third region 63.
- FIG. 1B shows the width W1 of the first region 61 (the length in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction), the width W2 of the second region 62, the width W3 of the third region 63, and the width of the separator 50 (the base width). The width of the material 51) Ws.
- the resin layer 54 may be formed in part of the third region 63 .
- a top view of an example of the separator 50 including such a resin layer 54 is schematically shown in FIG. 2, and a top view of another example is schematically shown in FIG.
- the third region 63 includes strip-shaped fourth regions 64 extending parallel to the first regions 61 .
- a strip-shaped third resin layer 54 c is formed on the entire surface of the fourth region 64 .
- the resin layer 54 may be scattered like islands. Top views of examples of separators 50 including such resin layers 54 are schematically shown in FIGS. 4 to 7. FIG. 4 to 7, the resin layer 54 includes scattered island-shaped resin layers 54e. Note that a band-shaped resin layer and an island-shaped resin layer may be used in combination.
- island-shaped resin layers 54e are formed only in the first region 61 and the second region 62. In the example shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, island-shaped resin layers 54e are formed only in the first region 61, the second region 62, and the fourth region 64. In the example shown in FIGS. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the island-shaped resin layer 54 is formed in part of the first region 61, the second region 62, and the third region 63. In the example shown in FIG. Note that the illustrated arrangement of the resin layer 54 is an example, and other arrangements may be applied.
- Embodiment 2 describes an example of the battery (B).
- FIG. 10 is a cylindrical secondary battery.
- Battery 10 includes a battery case including case body 15 , and electrode plate group 14 and electrolyte (not shown) accommodated in case body 15 .
- the case body 15 is a bottomed cylindrical metal case.
- the battery case is composed of a case main body 15 , a sealing member 16 for sealing an opening of the case main body 15 , and a gasket 27 .
- a side wall of the case body 15 has a stepped portion 21 that is annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the case body 15 .
- a sealing member 16 is arranged on the opening side of the stepped portion 21 .
- the sealing body 16 includes a filter 22 , a lower valve body 23 , an insulating member 24 , an upper valve body 25 and a cap 26 arranged in order from the inside of the case body 15 .
- An insulating plate 17 and an insulating plate 18 are arranged at both ends of the electrode plate group 14 in the case main body 15 .
- the electrode plate group 14 is composed of a strip-shaped positive electrode plate 11 , a strip-shaped negative electrode plate 12 , and a strip-shaped separator 50 . Specifically, the electrode plate group 14 is formed by winding them so that the separator 50 is arranged between the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 .
- the separator 50 is the separator (S) described above.
- the positive electrode plate 11 is electrically connected via a positive electrode lead 19 to a cap 26 that also serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative plate 12 is electrically connected via a negative lead 20 to a case body 15 that also serves as a negative terminal.
- FIG. 9 shows an example using the separator 50 shown in FIG. 1A. 9 shows the width Ws of the separator 50, the width W3 of the third region, the width Wp of the positive electrode plate 11, and the width Wn of the negative electrode plate 12. As shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode plate 11 includes a positive electrode current collector 11a and positive electrode active material layers 11b formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 11a.
- the negative plate 12 includes a negative current collector 12a and negative active material layers 12b formed on both sides of the negative current collector 12a.
- the inorganic filler layer 53 and the resin layer 54 are formed on the surface of the substrate 51 facing the positive electrode plate 11 . Since the resin layer 54 is not formed in the third region 63, there may be gaps 54s through which the electrolytic solution can flow. Therefore, the fluidity of the electrolytic solution is increased, and as a result, it is possible to improve battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics.
- the resin layer 54 island-shaped, gaps 54s in which the resin layer 54 is not formed can be dispersed. As a result, it is possible to particularly improve cycle characteristics.
- the resin layer 54 by forming the resin layer 54 in stripes, the frictional force between the electrode plate (the positive electrode plate 11 in the example shown in FIG. 9) and the separator 50 can be increased. As a result, it is possible to particularly improve battery characteristics such as heat resistance.
- Example 1 In Example 1, a plurality of cylindrical secondary batteries were produced and evaluated mainly by changing the separator. A secondary battery was manufactured by the following method.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by adding and mixing medium). The positive electrode slurry was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil (thickness of 15 ⁇ m) as a positive electrode current collector, dried, and then compressed. In this way, a plurality of types of positive electrode plates (thickness 0.15 to 0.35 mm) with different thicknesses were produced.
- the reason for changing the thickness of the positive electrode plate is to make the ratio of the capacity of the positive electrode and the capacity of the negative electrode constant so that the evaluation results of the cycle test can be compared.
- an aluminum positive electrode current collector lead was connected to the positive electrode current collector.
- the width of the separator was 68 mm
- the width of the positive electrode plate was set to 62.5 mm
- the width of the separator was 53 mm
- the width of the positive electrode plate was set to 47.5 mm.
- a negative electrode current collector lead made of nickel was connected to the negative electrode current collector.
- the width of the separator was 68 mm
- the width of the negative electrode plate was set to 65 mm
- the width of the separator was 53 mm
- the width of the negative plate was set to 50 mm.
- the expansion amount of the negative electrode plate was changed by changing the thickness of the negative electrode plate.
- a polyethylene porous film (average thickness: 10 ⁇ m) was prepared as a base material.
- the width of the substrate was 53 mm or 68 mm.
- an inorganic filler layer was formed on the entire surface of one side of the substrate.
- a resin layer arranged as shown in FIG. 1A was formed.
- a plurality of types of separators were formed by changing the width (W1 and W2 in FIG. 1B) and thickness of the resin layer. Note that W1 and W2 are assumed to be the same.
- the shrinkage rate of the separator was changed by changing the degree of polymerization of polyethylene as the base material.
- the inorganic filler layer was formed by applying a slurry containing an inorganic filler to the substrate and then drying it.
- the resin layer was formed by applying a resin composition onto the inorganic filler layer and drying it.
- a resin composition was prepared by mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF, insulating resin) and NMP (liquid component).
- the application of the resin composition was performed by a gravure coating method.
- the thicknesses of the inorganic filler layer and the resin layer were varied by varying the coating amounts of the slurry and resin composition, respectively.
- An electrode plate group was produced by winding the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the separator so that the separator was arranged between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9, the separator was arranged such that the inorganic filler layer and the resin layer faced the positive electrode plate.
- the electrolytic solution is obtained by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) at a volume ratio of 3:3:4, and adding 1 mol/L of LiPF 6 to the mixed solvent. was prepared by dissolving to a concentration of In this manner, a plurality of types of batteries were produced mainly with different separators. The following evaluations were performed on the produced separator and battery.
- the battery cycle test was performed by repeating a charge/discharge cycle, in which one cycle consisted of a discharge process and a charge/discharge process, at 25° C. 300 times.
- the discharge process was performed under the condition that the battery voltage was lowered to 2.5 V (rated capacity: 3500 to 4500 mAh) at a current value corresponding to a constant current of 1C.
- the battery was charged at a constant current value of 0.5C, and after the battery voltage reached 4.2V, the constant voltage was decreased to a current value of 0.02C.
- the discharge capacity X(0) before the cycle test and the discharge capacity X(300) after repeating the charge/discharge cycle 300 times were measured.
- the battery was placed in a constant temperature bath, and the internal temperature of the constant temperature bath was raised at a rate of 5° C./min to an arbitrary set temperature. At that time, the temperature at which the battery was short-circuited was defined as the short-circuit temperature Y (°C).
- the resistance increase rate (%) 100 x (internal resistance of battery to be evaluated)/(internal resistance of comparative battery without resin layer)
- the “battery for comparison without a resin layer” is any one of the batteries C1 to C3 using a separator without a resin layer. Specifically, among the batteries C1 to C3, a battery using a separator (with a resin layer) having the same width Ws and total Ds as the separator of the battery to be evaluated is defined as a “battery for comparison without a resin layer”. .
- Amount of expansion of negative electrode plate The amount of expansion of the negative electrode plate was obtained by subtracting the average thickness of the negative electrode plate removed from the battery in the discharged state from the average thickness of the negative electrode plate removed from the battery in the fully charged state. .
- Table 1 shows some of the battery manufacturing conditions and evaluation results. "Total Ds” in Table 1 indicates the total Ds of the average thickness of the substrate and the average thickness of the inorganic filler layer.
- Table 2 shows a table obtained by processing part of the data in Table 1.
- Batteries C1 to C5 are comparative batteries. Batteries A1 to A19 are batteries according to the present disclosure. As shown in the table, Batteries A1 to A19 had higher capacity retention rates than Batteries C1 to C5. It is believed that this is because the fluidity of the electrolytic solution is enhanced by the voids present in the third region. Batteries A1 to A19 exhibited heat resistance equal to or higher than that of batteries C1 to C3 having no resin layer. By setting the value of W1/Ws (the value of W2/Ws) to 30% or less (for example, 29.4% or less), the capacity retention rate can be increased and the cycle characteristics can be improved.
- W1/Ws the value of W2/Ws
- the value of W1/Ws (value of W2/Ws) to 10% or more
- the heat resistance of the battery can be improved.
- the ratio Q to 2.5 or more
- the heat resistance of the battery can be improved.
- the W1/Ws value (W2/Ws value) was in the range of 10 to 30% and the ratio Q was 2.5 or more, both the cycle characteristics and the heat resistance were high.
- the value of (average thickness Dr of the resin layer)/(total Ds of the average thickness of the base material and the average thickness of the inorganic filler layer) is 0.47 or less (for example, less than 0.47).
- One battery had a low resistance increase rate.
- the value of Dr/Ds is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.33, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.07.
- the value of (average thickness Dr of resin layer)/(negative plate expansion amount) be 0.004 or more (for example, 0.006 or more).
- the phenomenon that the space becomes smaller due to the expansion of the negative electrode and the fluidity of the electrolyte deteriorates can be mitigated by providing a resin layer having a certain thickness or more, and as a result, the cycle characteristics can be improved. .
- the width W3 of the third region By setting the width W3 of the third region to 0.4 times or more the width Wn of the negative electrode plate, the capacity retention rate can be particularly increased.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の新規な特徴を添付の請求の範囲に記述するが、本発明は、構成および内容の両方に関し、本発明の他の目的および特徴と併せ、図面を照合した以下の詳細な説明によりさらによく理解されるであろう。
本開示に係るセパレータを、以下では「セパレータ(S)」と称する場合がある。本実施形態のセパレータ(S)は、第1および第2の長辺を有する帯状のセパレータである。セパレータ(S)は、基材と、基材上に積層され無機フィラーを主成分とする無機フィラー層と、無機フィラー層の一部の上に積層され樹脂を主成分とする樹脂層と、を含む。樹脂層の少なくとも一部は、帯状の第1の領域と帯状の第2の領域とに形成されている。当該第1および第2の領域はそれぞれ、第1および第2の長辺に隣接して延びている。第1の領域と前記第2の領域との間の第3の領域には、樹脂層が形成されていない部分が存在する。
(1)第1および第2の領域において樹脂層が形成されている面積の割合(%)は、第3の領域において樹脂層が形成されている面積の割合(%)よりも高い。後者の割合は、前者の割合の0~0.5倍の範囲(例えば0~0.2倍の範囲)にあってもよい。
(2)第1および第2の領域において、樹脂層が形成されている面積の割合は、5~100%の範囲(例えば30~100%の範囲、50~100%の範囲、または80~100%の範囲)にある。
(3)第1の領域の幅W1および第2の領域の幅W2はそれぞれ、セパレータの幅Ws(基材の幅)の5~30%の範囲(例えば、5~25%の範囲や、10~20%の範囲)にあってもよい。セパレータの第1の長辺と、第1の長辺からの距離が距離L1である領域を第1の領域とし、セパレータの第2の長辺と第2の長辺からの距離が距離L2である領域を第2の領域としてもよい。距離L1および距離L2はそれぞれ、上述した幅W1について例示した長さから選択してもよい。
(4)第3の領域のうち樹脂層が形成されている部分の面積は、第1および第2の領域のうち樹脂層が形成されている面積の0~0.8倍の範囲(例えば0~0.5倍の範囲や、0~0.3倍の範囲)にある
(5)樹脂層は、複数のストライプ状および/または点在する複数の島状に形成されている。樹脂層がストライプ状に配置を有する場合、当該ストライプ状の配置は、断続的に形成された樹脂層によって構成されてもよい。
セパレータ(S)を製造できる限り、製造方法に限定はない。製造方法の一例について以下に説明する。まず、基材を準備する。基材には、市販の基材を用いてもよい。あるいは、公知の方法に基づいて基材を製造してもよい。次に、基材上に無機フィラー層を形成する。無機フィラー層は、例えば、無機フィラーを含むスラリーを塗布して乾燥させることによって、形成できる。スラリーは、結着剤と無機フィラーとを含む材料を混合することによって調製できる。当該材料は、分散媒(水など)を含んでもよい。つぎに、無機フィラー層上の一部に樹脂層を形成する。樹脂層は、例えば、樹脂層の材料となる樹脂組成物を塗布して硬化させることによって形成してもよい。スラリーおよび樹脂組成物の塗布方法に限定はなく、公知の方法を用いてもよい。スラリーおよび樹脂組成物は、スクリーン印刷法や転写法などによって塗布してもよいし、インクジェット法などによって塗布してもよい。
本開示に係る円筒形二次電池を、以下では、「電池(B)」と称する場合がある。本実施形態の電池(B)は、有底円筒形のケース本体を含む電池ケースと、ケース本体内に配置された極板群および電解質とを含む。ケース本体は、封口体およびガスケットなどによって封口される。極板群は、正極板と負極板とセパレータとを、正極板と負極板との間にセパレータが配置されるように巻回することによって形成されている。セパレータは、上述した本実施形態のセパレータ(セパレータ(S))である。セパレータ(S)を用いることによって、耐熱性およびサイクル特性が高い円筒形二次電池が得られる。
差Dn=(満充電状態の負極板の平均厚さ)-(放電状態の負極板の平均厚さ)
正極板は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層とを含む。正極集電体は、金属箔であってもよい。正極集電体の材料の例には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、チタン、チタン合金、およびステンレス鋼などが含まれる。正極集電体の厚さは、例えば、5~300μmの範囲にあってもよい。
負極板は、負極集電体と、負極集電体上に形成された負極活物質層とを含む。負極集電体は、金属箔であってもよい。負極集電体の金属材料の例には、銅、ニッケル、鉄、およびこれらの金属元素を含む合金(銅合金、ステンレス鋼など)などが含まれる。負極集電体の厚さは、たとえば、5~300μmの範囲にあってもよい。
電池(B)が、リチウムイオン二次電池などの非水電解質二次電池である場合、電解質(電解液)としては、リチウムイオン伝導性を有する非水電解質を用いることができる。典型的な非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解しているリチウムイオンおよびアニオンとを含む。非水電解質は、液状であってもよいし、マトリックスポリマーを含むゲル状であってもよい。液状の非水電解質は、リチウム塩を非水溶媒に溶解させることによって調製できる。リチウム塩(リチウムイオンとアニオンとの塩)を非水溶媒に溶解させることによって、リチウムイオンおよびアニオンが生成される。非水電解質に特に限定はなく、非水電解質電池に用いられる電解質を用いてもよい。
典型的な電池ケースは、ケース本体と、封口体と、ケース本体と封口体との間に配置されたガスケットとを含む。ケース本体は、開口部を有する有底円筒形のケースである。電池ケースには、公知の電池ケースを用いてもよい。
実施形態1では、セパレータ(S)の一例について説明する。実施形態1のセパレータ50の上面図を図1Aに模式的に示し、図1Aの線IB-IBにおける断面図を図1Bに模式的に示す。セパレータ50は、第1の長辺50aおよび第2の長辺50bを有する帯状の形状(細長い矩形状)を有する。セパレータ50は、帯状の基材51と、基材51の片面に積層された層52とを含む。層52は、無機フィラー層53および樹脂層54を含む。無機フィラー層53は、基材51の片面の全面に形成されている。
実施形態2では、電池(B)の一例について説明する。実施形態2の電池10の断面図を図8に模式的に示す。電池10は、円筒形の二次電池である。電池10は、ケース本体15を含む電池ケースと、ケース本体15内に収容された極板群14および電解液(図示せず)とを含む。ケース本体15は、有底円筒形の金属製ケースである。電池ケースは、ケース本体15と、ケース本体15の開口部を封口する封口体16およびガスケット27とで構成される。ケース本体15の側壁は、ケース本体15の周方向に沿って環状に形成された段部21を有する。段部21の開口部側に封口体16が配置される。封口体16は、ケース本体15の内側から順に配置された、フィルタ22、下弁体23、絶縁部材24、上弁体25、およびキャップ26を含む。ケース本体15内において、極板群14の両端部のそれぞれには、絶縁板17および絶縁板18が配置されている。
実施例1では、主にセパレータを変更して複数の円筒形二次電池を作製して評価した。二次電池は、以下の方法で製造した。
ニッケルコバルト酸リチウム(正極活物質)100質量部、アセチレンブラック(導電剤)4質量部、およびポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF、結着剤)4質量部に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP、分散媒)を加えて混合することによって、正極スラリーを調製した。正極スラリーを、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)の両面に塗布して乾燥した後、圧縮した。このようにして、厚さが異なる複数種の正極板(厚さ0.15~0.35mm)を作製した。正極板の厚さを変更する理由は、正極の容量と負極の容量との比を一定とすることによってサイクル試験の評価結果を比較できるようにするためである。次に、正極集電体にアルミニウム製の正極集電リードを接続した。なお、セパレータの幅が68mmの場合には正極板の幅は62.5mmとし、セパレータの幅が53mmの場合には正極板の幅は47.5mmとした。
人造黒鉛粉末(負極活物質)94質量部、SiOX(0.5≦X<1.6)6質量部、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(結着剤)1質量部、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、増粘剤)1質量部を混合して混合物を得た。得られた混合物を脱イオン水に分散させることによって、負極スラリーを調製した。負極集電体である銅箔(厚さ8μm)の両面に、負極スラリーを塗布して乾燥した後、圧縮した。このようにして、厚さが異なる複数種の負極板12(厚さ0.17~0.4mm)を作製した。さらに、負極集電体に、ニッケル製の負極集電リードを接続した。なお、セパレータの幅が68mmの場合には負極板の幅は65mmとし、セパレータの幅が53mmの場合には負極板の幅は50mmとした。なお、負極板の膨張量は、負極板の厚さを変えことによって、変化させた。
まず、基材としてポリエチレン製の多孔質膜(平均厚さ:10μm)を準備した。基材の幅は、53mmまたは68mmとした。次に、基材の片面の全面に無機フィラー層を形成した。さらに、図1Aに示すように配置された樹脂層を形成した。このとき、樹脂層の幅(図1BのW1およびW2)および厚さを変化させて、複数種のセパレータを形成した。なお、W1とW2とは同じとした。なお、セパレータの収縮率は、基材であるポリエチレンの重合度を変えることによって、変化させた。
上記の正極板と負極板とセパレータとを、正極板と負極板との間にセパレータが配置されるように巻回することによって極板群を作製した。このとき、図9に示すように、無機フィラー層および樹脂層が正極板と対向するようにセパレータを配置した。
セパレータを構成する基材、無機フィラー層、および樹脂層の平均厚さは、上述した方法で測定した。
2枚のガラス板(1枚のガラス板の厚さ:1.0~1.2mm、幅:25.4mm、長さ:76.2mm)の間に2枚のポリテトラフロオロエチレン製シートを配置し、2枚のポリテトラフロオロエチレン製シートの間にセパレータを挟むことによって測定用のサンプルを作り、当該サンプルを水平に配置した。そして、上方のガラス板の上に錘(500g)を配置した状態でサンプルをホットプレート上に配置し、ホットプレートによってサンプルを加熱した。加熱は、200℃で10分間行った。加熱前のセパレータの幅Ws(0)と、加熱後のセパレータの幅Ws(1)とを測定した。そして、以下の式によってセパレータの収縮率R(%)を求めた。
収縮率R(%)=100×Ws(1)/Ws(0)
電池のサイクル試験は、放電工程と充放電工程とを1サイクルとする充放電サイクルを、25℃で300回繰り返すことによって行った。放電工程は、定電流1C相当の電流値で電池電圧2.5Vまで低下させる(定格容量3500~4500mAh)という条件で行った。充電工程は、定電流0.5C相当の電流値で充電し電池電圧4.2V到達後に定電圧で0.02C相当の電流値まで減少させるという条件で行った。そして、サイクル試験前の放電容量X(0)と、充放電サイクルを300回繰り返した後の放電容量X(300)とを測定した。そして、測定された値から、以下の式によって放電容量維持率(%)を求めた。
放電容量維持率(%)=100×X(300)/X(0)
電池を恒温槽に配置し恒温槽の内部温度を5℃/minの昇温速度で昇温させ、任意の設定温度まで昇温させた。その際に、電池が短絡した温度を、短絡温度Y(℃)とした。
1KHzの交流で電池の内部抵抗を測定した。そして、以下の式によって抵抗の増加率(%)を求めた。
抵抗増加率(%)=100×(評価対象の電池の内部抵抗)/(樹脂層がない比較対象の電池の内部抵抗)
ここで、「樹脂層がない比較対象の電池」は、樹脂層がないセパレータを用いた電池C1~C3のいずれかである。具体的には、電池C1~C3のうち、評価対象の電池のセパレータ(樹脂層あり)と幅Wsおよび合計Dsが同じセパレータを用いた電池を、「樹脂層がない比較対象の電池」とする。
負極板の膨張量は、満充電状態における電池から取り出した負極板の平均厚さから、放電状態における電池から取り出した負極板の平均厚さを差し引くことによって求めた。
(式中、Wrは第1の領域の幅W1と第2の領域の幅W2との合計である。Rは、セパレータの収縮率(%)である。Wsは、セパレータの幅である。比Qが1以上である場合、(R/100)×Ws×0.25≦Wrを満たす。)
本発明を現時点での好ましい実施態様に関して説明したが、そのような開示を限定的に解釈してはならない。種々の変形および改変は、上記開示を読むことによって本発明に属する技術分野における当業者には間違いなく明らかになるであろう。したがって、添付の請求の範囲は、本発明の真の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく、すべての変形および改変を包含する、と解釈されるべきものである。
11 :正極板
12 :負極板
14 :極板群
15 :ケース本体
50 :セパレータ
50a :第1の長辺
50b :第2の長辺
51 :基材
53 :無機フィラー層
54 :樹脂層
54e :樹脂層
54s :隙間
61 :第1の領域
62 :第2の領域
63 :第3の領域
64 :第4の領域
Claims (12)
- 第1および第2の長辺を有する帯状のセパレータであって、
基材と、
前記基材上に積層され無機フィラーを主成分とする無機フィラー層と、
前記無機フィラー層の一部の上に積層され樹脂を主成分とする樹脂層と、を含み、
前記樹脂層の少なくとも一部は、帯状の第1の領域と帯状の第2の領域とに形成されており、
前記第1および第2の領域はそれぞれ、前記第1および第2の長辺に隣接して延びており、
前記第1の領域と前記第2の領域との間の第3の領域には、前記樹脂層が形成されていない部分が存在する、セパレータ。 - 前記第1および第2の領域において前記樹脂層が形成されている面積の割合は、前記第3の領域において前記樹脂層が形成されている面積の割合よりも高い、請求項1に記載のセパレータ。
- 前記第1の領域の幅および前記第2の領域の幅はそれぞれ、前記セパレータの幅の30%以下である、請求項1または2に記載のセパレータ。
- 前記第3の領域は、前記第1の領域と平行に延びる帯状の第4の領域を含み、
前記第4の領域には前記樹脂層が形成されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のセパレータ。 - 前記第3の領域には前記樹脂層が形成されていない、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のセパレータ。
- 前記樹脂層の平均厚さは、前記基材の平均厚さと前記無機フィラー層の平均厚さとの合計の0.47倍以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のセパレータ。
- 前記第1および第2の領域において、前記樹脂層が形成されている面積の割合は、5~100%の範囲にある、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のセパレータ。
- 前記第1の領域および前記第2の領域の全面に前記樹脂層が形成されており、
前記第1の領域の幅と前記第2の領域の幅との合計Wr(mm)、前記セパレータの幅Ws(mm)、および、前記セパレータを200℃で10分間加熱したときの前記セパレータの幅方向の収縮率R(%)が、(R/100)×Ws×0.25≦Wrを満たす、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のセパレータ。 - 前記樹脂層は空隙を有する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のセパレータ。
- 有底円筒形のケース本体を含む電池ケースと、前記ケース本体内に配置された極板群および電解質とを含む円筒形二次電池であって、
正極板と負極板とセパレータとを、前記正極板と前記負極板との間に前記セパレータが配置されるように巻回することによって前記極板群が形成されており、
前記セパレータは請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセパレータである円筒形二次電池。 - 前記セパレータの前記樹脂層の平均厚さは、満充電状態における前記負極板の平均厚さと放電状態における前記負極板の平均厚さとの差Dnの0.004倍以上である、請求項10に記載の円筒形二次電池。
- 非水電解質二次電池である、請求項10または11に記載の円筒形二次電池。
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JP2006525624A (ja) | 2003-05-30 | 2006-11-09 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | ゲル状ポリマーで部分コートされたセパレータ膜を用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP2014505344A (ja) * | 2011-02-15 | 2014-02-27 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | セパレータ、その製造方法、及びそれを備える電気化学素子 |
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KR20160126343A (ko) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-11-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전극 결착성 및 전해액 젖음성이 우수한 전기화학소자용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 |
JP2016201327A (ja) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-12-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
JP2020064879A (ja) | 2020-01-21 | 2020-04-23 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | リチウムイオン(lithium ion)二次電池用セパレータ(separator)及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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JP2006525624A (ja) | 2003-05-30 | 2006-11-09 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | ゲル状ポリマーで部分コートされたセパレータ膜を用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP2014505344A (ja) * | 2011-02-15 | 2014-02-27 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | セパレータ、その製造方法、及びそれを備える電気化学素子 |
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JP2016201327A (ja) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-12-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
KR20160126343A (ko) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-11-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전극 결착성 및 전해액 젖음성이 우수한 전기화학소자용 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 |
JP2020064879A (ja) | 2020-01-21 | 2020-04-23 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | リチウムイオン(lithium ion)二次電池用セパレータ(separator)及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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