WO2022201657A1 - 遠心ろ過カートリッジ及び微生物検査方法 - Google Patents
遠心ろ過カートリッジ及び微生物検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022201657A1 WO2022201657A1 PCT/JP2021/045143 JP2021045143W WO2022201657A1 WO 2022201657 A1 WO2022201657 A1 WO 2022201657A1 JP 2021045143 W JP2021045143 W JP 2021045143W WO 2022201657 A1 WO2022201657 A1 WO 2022201657A1
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- Prior art keywords
- centrifugal filtration
- filtration cartridge
- nozzle
- filter cup
- contamination prevention
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Images
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a centrifugal filtration cartridge and a microorganism testing method.
- Microbial inspections and sterility tests are conducted to guarantee the cleanliness of the manufacturing facility, or to guarantee the sterility of the water used in manufacturing (for example, pharmaceutical water, etc.) or the product itself.
- a membrane filter method (MF method) using culture of bacteria is adopted as a method for microbial inspection and sterility inspection.
- the MF method is a method in which the collected sample is filtered with a membrane filter, the membrane filter is placed on an agar medium, cultured in a constant temperature machine for up to 14 days, and the number of grown bacterial colonies is visually counted.
- Rapid microbial testing methods are broadly divided into direct detection methods and indirect detection methods.
- the former includes solid-phase cytometry, flow cytometry, and the like, and the latter includes immunological methods, nucleic acid amplification methods, bioluminescence, fluorescence (staining) methods, and the like.
- ATP method an ATP bioluminescence method (hereinafter referred to as ATP method) using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contained in bacteria.
- ATP method adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contained in bacteria.
- ATP method adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contained in bacteria.
- ATP adenosine triphosphate
- the ATP method can detect the presence of ATP molecules contained in one bacterium as tens of thousands of photons, it is possible to detect at the level of a single bacterium with high sensitivity, and is expected to be a rapid microbial examination method. ing.
- the performance required for speeding up sterility testing should be prioritized in the detection sensitivity of bacteria, but on the other hand, the probability of false positives increases as the detection sensitivity improves.
- the performance of the luminescence measuring device in order to detect with high sensitivity and high accuracy an extremely small amount (a few levels) of bacteria present in the specimen, the performance of the luminescence measuring device must be highly sensitive, and at the same time, the bacteria present in the surrounding environment must be highly sensitive. ATP and bacterial contamination must be suppressed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a filtering member and a filtering method that reduce sample contamination from the surrounding environment in order to detect ATP derived from bacteria with high sensitivity by luminescence.
- a measuring device In general, in microbial testing and sterility testing, a measuring device is used for testing, and after extracting a target substance (for example, ATP derived from bacteria) from a test sample, an aqueous solution containing the target substance is poured into a measuring container dedicated to the measuring device. It is necessary to transfer to However, during this transfer work, the aqueous solution containing the target substance may be lost outside the measurement container, or substances that may interfere with measurement (such as bacteria or ATP present in the surrounding environment) may enter. have a nature. Loss of the target substance and contamination with substances that inhibit measurement cause false positives and false negatives in the test.
- a target substance for example, ATP derived from bacteria
- the aqueous solution containing ATP derived from bacteria must be transferred to a measurement tube dedicated to the measurement device. should not. At this time, if the aqueous solution leaks out of the measurement tube, or if an inhibitory substance (for example, ATP derived from the environment) is mixed in from the surrounding environment, false positives and false negatives may occur.
- an inhibitory substance for example, ATP derived from the environment
- a centrifuge is often used to filter and transfer test samples in order to ensure the airtightness of test samples.
- liquid transfer using centrifugal force does not accurately determine the liquid transfer direction, and the test sample may come into contact with unexpected and unnecessary parts. I have something to do.
- the ATP method when the specimen is sent by centrifugal filtration and moved to the measurement tube, the aqueous solution may come into contact with parts other than the filtration filter and the measurement tube, resulting in contamination with ATP from the surrounding environment. . Contamination of ATP from the surrounding environment causes false positives.
- ATP may be extracted with a small amount of extract (for example, several tens of ⁇ L) after filtering the test sample with a filter. This is for concentrating the ATP extracted from the bacteria to a concentration as high as possible for luminescence measurement.
- the smaller the amount of extract the more difficult it becomes to accurately transfer the test sample without loss when sending the test sample from the filter to the measuring tube by centrifugal filtration.
- the test sample may remain on the unevenness of the flow path from the bottom surface of the filter and the discharge part of the filtrate to the measurement tube. Loss of test sample causes false negatives.
- the present disclosure provides techniques for reducing false positives and false negatives in microbial testing.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge of the present disclosure includes a filter cup having a filter that captures microorganisms and a nozzle that discharges liquid that has passed through the filter, and is connectable to the filter cup. and a contamination prevention box for storing therein a measurement container capable of containing the liquid discharged from the nozzle, wherein the contamination prevention box is arranged between the filter cup and an opening surface of the measurement container.
- the partition has an opening through which the nozzle can pass, and the tip of the nozzle extends from the lower end of the opening when the contamination prevention box is connected to the filter cup. and is long enough to enter the inside of the measurement container.
- FIG. 4 is a six-sided view showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in the first state;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in a first state;
- FIG. 4 is a reference diagram showing a portion made of translucent material in a first state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in a first state; 6A and 6B are six views showing the appearance of the contamination prevention box of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a six-sided view showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in the first state;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in a first state;
- FIG. 4 is a reference diagram showing a portion made of
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a contamination prevention box of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a reference diagram showing a portion made of a translucent material of the contamination prevention box of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a VV cross-sectional view of the contamination prevention box of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment
- 6A and 6B are six views showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in a second state
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in a second state
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment in a second state
- FIG. 4 is a reference diagram showing a portion made of a translucent material in a second state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX in a second state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment
- 4 is a flow chart of a sterility inspection method using the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S101 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S102 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S103 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S104 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S105 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S106 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S107 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S108 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge in step S109 of the sterility inspection method according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a centrifugal filtration cartridge according to a second embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a centrifugal filtration cartridge according to a third embodiment;
- FIG. 1 is a six-sided view showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 according to the first embodiment in the first state.
- 1(a) is a front view
- FIG. 1(b) is a rear view
- FIG. 1(c) is a right side view
- FIG. 1(d) is a left side view
- FIG. ) is a top view
- FIG. 1(f) is a bottom view.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the first state comprises a lidded holder 2 and a waste liquid container 12 .
- a holder 2 with a lid is provided with a lid 1 that can be opened and closed.
- the lidded holder 2 and the waste liquid container 12 are configured to be detachable.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the first state.
- the lidded holder 2 and the waste liquid container 12 are substantially cylindrical.
- the outer diameter of the waste liquid container 12 is smaller than the outer diameter of the lidded holder 2 .
- FIG. 3 is a reference diagram showing a portion made of translucent material of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the first state.
- the hatched portions in FIG. 3, that is, the lid 1, the lidded holder 2, and the waste liquid container 12 can be made of a light-transmitting material (resin or glass).
- FIG. 4 is a II sectional view of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the first state.
- the lidded holder 2 has a filter cup 3 inside.
- the filter cup 3 is substantially cylindrical.
- a test sample (solution) is introduced into the filter cup 3 .
- the upper end of the filter cup 3 is at the same height as the upper end of the holder 2 with lid.
- the filter cup 3 has a filter 4 arranged on the inner bottom.
- a nozzle 5 is provided at the lower end of the filter cup 3 , and the liquid that has passed through the filter 4 is discharged from the nozzle 5 . Filtrate obtained by filtering the test sample through the filter 4 can be discharged from the filter cup 3 by simply providing an opening in the filter cup 3 instead of providing the nozzle 5 .
- the filter 4 can filter the test sample introduced into the filter cup 3 and trap microorganisms to be tested (bacteria such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea).
- microorganisms to be tested bacteria such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea
- a membrane filter can be used.
- materials for the filter 4 include cellulose mixed ester, PTFE, PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride), and polycarbonate.
- the pore size of the filter 4 can be appropriately selected according to the size of the microorganism to be inspected and various conditions of the microorganism inspection, and can be, for example, 0.20 ⁇ m or more.
- the filter 4 may be a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, 0.45 ⁇ m, or the like.
- a test sample is introduced into the filter cup 3, the lid 1 is sealed, and the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 is set in the centrifuge in a state where the holder with lid 2 and the waste liquid container 12 are connected, and centrifugation is performed to remove the filter cup.
- the test sample added to 3 is filtered through the filter 4 and the filtrate (waste liquid) is collected in the waste liquid container 12 .
- the holder with lid 2 has two parts with different outer diameters, the outer diameter of the upper part of the holder with lid 2 being smaller than the outer diameter of the lower part, and the outer diameter of the lid 1 and the outer diameter of the upper part of the holder with lid 2 being smaller. are approximately equal.
- the inner diameter of the lower portion of the lidded holder 2 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the waste liquid container 12 .
- the lidded holder 2 and the waste liquid container 12 are provided with screw grooves, and the waste liquid container 12 is screwed (connected) to the lidded holder 2 .
- the method of connecting the lidded holder 2 and the waste liquid container 12 is not limited to the screw method as long as a fixing strength that can withstand centrifugal separation by a centrifuge is obtained.
- the lidded holder 2 and the waste liquid container 12 may be configured to be connectable simply by fitting.
- the lid 1 is configured to be detachable from the top of the holder 2 with a lid by means of a screw.
- the lid 1 may be a hinge mechanism.
- FIG. 5A and 5B are six views showing the appearance of the contamination prevention box 9 of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100.
- FIG. 5(a) is a front view
- FIG. 5(b) is a rear view
- FIG. 5(c) is a right side view
- FIG. 5(d) is a left side view
- FIG. ) is a top view
- FIG. 5(f) is a bottom view.
- the contamination prevention box 9 has an upper frame 7 and a lower frame 8 .
- a screw groove is provided in the upper portion of the upper frame 7 , and the upper frame 7 can be screwed (connected) to the lidded holder 2 through the screw groove.
- the method of connecting the lidded holder 2 and the contamination prevention box 9 is not limited to the screw method, and it is sufficient if the fixing strength is enough to withstand the centrifugal separation by the centrifuge.
- the lidded holder 2 and the contamination prevention box 9 may be configured to be connectable simply by fitting.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the contamination prevention box 9.
- FIG. 6 the anti-contamination box 9 is substantially cylindrical.
- FIG. 7 is a reference diagram showing a portion of the anti-contamination box 9 made of translucent material.
- the hatched portion in FIG. 7, that is, the upper frame 7 and the lower frame 8 of the contamination prevention box 9 can be made of a light-transmitting material (resin or glass).
- FIG. 8 is a VV cross-sectional view of the contamination prevention box 9.
- the upper frame 7 and the lower frame 8 are screwed together and configured to be separable.
- a space capable of storing the filter cup 3 of the lidded holder 2 is provided in the upper part of the internal space of the upper frame 7, as will be described later.
- a measurement tube 10 (measurement container) is provided inside the contamination prevention box 9 .
- the length of the measurement tube 10 is longer than the length of the lower frame 8 , and when the upper frame 7 is removed from the lower frame 8 , the measurement tube 10 protrudes from the opening surface of the lower frame 8 .
- a partition wall 6 having an opening is provided inside the upper frame 7 .
- the partition wall 6 separates a space in which the filter cup 3 can be stored and a space in which the measurement tube 10 is stored.
- the cross-sectional area of the opening of the partition wall 6 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the opening of the measurement tube 10 .
- the cross-sectional area of the opening of the partition wall 6 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 5 , and the nozzle 5 can pass through the opening of the partition wall 6 .
- 9A and 9B are six views showing the appearance of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 according to the first embodiment in the second state.
- 9(a) is a front view
- FIG. 9(b) is a rear view
- FIG. 9(c) is a right side view
- FIG. 9(d) is a left side view
- FIG. ) is a top view
- FIG. 9(f) is a bottom view.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the second state is in a state where the contamination prevention box 9 is connected to the lidded holder 2 .
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the second state.
- the lidded holder 2 and the contamination prevention box 9 are substantially cylindrical.
- the outside diameter of the contamination prevention box 9 is smaller than the outside diameter of the lidded holder 2 .
- FIG. 11 is a reference diagram showing a portion made of translucent material of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the second state.
- the hatched parts in FIG. 11, that is, the lid 1, the lidded holder 2, and the contamination prevention box 9 can be made of a light-transmitting material (resin or glass).
- FIG. 12 is an IX-IX cross-sectional view of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the second state.
- the nozzle 5 passes through the opening of the partition wall 6 and enters the measurement tube 10 .
- the solution that has passed through the filter 4 and the nozzle 5 during centrifugal filtration does not contact anything other than the inside of the measuring tube 10 of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 . Therefore, contamination of the liquid introduced into the measurement tube 10 can be prevented.
- the measurement tube 10 is covered with the contamination prevention box 9, the measurement tube 10 is not exposed to the surrounding environment and can be prevented from adhering to bacteria floating in the air or droplets of the operator. can.
- the nozzle 5 and the partition wall 6 are designed so that the nozzle 5 and the partition wall 6 do not come into contact with each other when the lidded holder 2 and the contamination prevention box 9 are connected. 6 can be prevented.
- the nozzle 5 can have a substantially cylindrical shape, but it may also have a substantially rectangular tube shape.
- the thickness of the tip of the nozzle 5 (the diameter when the cross section is circular, and the maximum length of the diagonal when the cross section is polygonal) can be, for example, 5 mm or less, or 3 mm or less depending on the case. can do. As a result, the solution can be prevented from remaining in the nozzle 5 during centrifugal filtration using the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 .
- the nozzle 5 can be designed so that the surface including the tip surface of the nozzle 5 is separated from the lower surface of the partition wall 6 by, for example, 1 mm or more, and depending on the case, 3 mm or more. This can prevent the solution from coming into contact with the contamination prevention box 9 and the partition wall 6 during centrifugal filtration. Further, the nozzle 5 can be designed such that the surface including the tip surface of the nozzle 5 is separated from the opening surface of the measurement tube 10 by, for example, 1 mm or more, or 5 mm or more in some cases. This can prevent the solution from leaking out of the measurement tube 10 during centrifugal filtration.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 can be distributed as a test kit including the lidded holder 2 , the contamination prevention box 9 and the waste liquid container 12 .
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the first state in which the lidded holder 2 and the waste liquid container 12 are connected, and the contamination prevention box 9 alone can be hermetically packaged.
- the waste liquid container 12 and the contamination prevention box 9 can be replaced only once when used as described later, which simplifies the operation and prevents contamination from the outside.
- the lidded holder 2, the contamination prevention box 9, and the waste liquid container 12 can be packaged through sterilization processes such as gamma ray sterilization, EOG sterilization, and autoclaving.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 can be disposable.
- ⁇ Sterility inspection method using centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 As an example of usage of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100, a sterility test method for pharmaceutical water (test sample) using the ATP method will be described.
- a highly sensitive ATP test kit Lione (registered trademark) rapid microorganism test reagent kit (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Solutions)) and a highly sensitive ATP measuring device (Lumione BL-2000 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Solutions)) and shall be used.
- the high-sensitivity ATP test kit contains an ATP activity elimination solution, washing solution, luminescence solution, extraction solution, positive control (ATP 100 amol/50 ⁇ L extraction solution), measurement tube and its dedicated rack.
- the work described below is performed in a grade A clean room controlled at less than 1 CFU/m 3 or a grade B clean room controlled at 10 CFU/m 3 or less.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a sterility inspection method for pharmaceutical water using the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100.
- FIG. 14A to 14I are schematic cross-sectional views showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in each step. 14A to 14I, each member is shown in a scale, shape, and size different from those in FIGS. 4, 8, and 12 for the sake of simplification of illustration.
- Step S101 initial state
- the operator prepares the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100, a high-sensitivity ATP test kit and an ATP measuring device, and sterilizes all equipment such as the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 and pipettes in advance (for example, radiation sterilization, gas sterilization, autoclave sterilization, etc. ).
- sterilizes all equipment such as the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 and pipettes in advance (for example, radiation sterilization, gas sterilization, autoclave sterilization, etc. ).
- the worker starts the work of sterility inspection.
- FIG. 14A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in the initial state (first state) in step S101.
- the filter 4 and the filter cup 3 are housed in a holder 2 with a lid, and a waste liquid container 12 is connected to the bottom of the holder 2 with a lid.
- the lid 1 of the lidded holder 2 is hermetically sealed.
- Step S102 dispensing of pharmaceutical water
- An operator opens the lid 1 of the lidded holder 2 and dispenses the pharmaceutical water (inspection sample) from a container containing the pharmaceutical water (inspection sample) into the filter cup 3 by pipetting. After that, the operator closes the lid 1 .
- the volume of pharmaceutical water can be set to, for example, 100 milliliters or less, or 10 milliliters or less in some cases.
- FIG. 14B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S102. If the pharmaceutical water 13 is contaminated, there are bacteria 14 in the pharmaceutical water 13 . In order to clarify the explanation, the present embodiment shows the case where bacteria 14 are present.
- Step S103 Centrifugal filtration of pharmaceutical water
- An operator sets the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in a centrifuge and drives the centrifuge to centrifugally filter the pharmaceutical water 13 .
- FIG. 14C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S103.
- the bacteria 14 contained in the pharmaceutical water 13 are captured on the filter 4 and the filtrate of the pharmaceutical water 13 is discharged to the waste liquid container 12 as waste liquid 15 .
- Step S104 Dispense of ATP activity elimination solution
- the operator opens the lid 1, dispenses the ATP activity elimination liquid contained in the high-sensitivity ATP test kit onto the filter 4 of the filter cup 3, and closes the lid 1.
- the volume of the ATP activity elimination liquid can be made larger than the volume of the pharmaceutical water 13 dispensed in step S102.
- the elimination reaction can be enhanced by incubating at 37° C. for 40 minutes or longer, for example.
- FIG. 14D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S104. Even if the ATP activity elimination liquid 16 is dispensed, the ATP inside the bacteria 14 trapped on the filter 4 is covered with cell membranes and cell walls, so the ATP activity elimination liquid 16 does not eliminate it. Thus, the ATP activity elimination liquid 16 can eliminate ATP other than those derived from bacteria.
- Step S105 Centrifugal filtration of ATP activity elimination solution
- the operator sets the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in a centrifuge, drives the centrifuge, and centrifugally filters the ATP activity elimination liquid 16 .
- FIG. 14E is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S105.
- the ATP activity elimination liquid 16 is discharged as the waste liquid 15 into the waste liquid container 12 below the filter.
- Step S106 Replace containers
- the operator removes the waste liquid container 12 from the lidded holder 2 and attaches the contamination prevention box 9 in which the measuring tube 10 is stored to the lidded holder 2 .
- FIG. 14F is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S106.
- the waste liquid container 12 is removed from the lidded holder 2, and the contamination prevention box 9 in which the measuring tube 10 is housed is set in the lidded holder 2.
- the tip of the nozzle 5 provided below the filter 4 passes through the opening of the partition wall 6 and enters the measurement tube 10 .
- Step S107 Dispensing the extract
- An operator opens the lid 1 , dispenses the extract contained in the high-sensitivity ATP test kit onto the filter 4 of the filter cup 3 , and closes the lid 1 .
- the volume of the extract can be set to, for example, 500 ⁇ L or less, or 50 ⁇ L or less depending on the case.
- the extract dissolves the cell membranes and cell walls of the bacteria 14 trapped on the filter 4, releasing the ATP inside the bacteria 14 into the extract. ATP extraction can be sufficiently performed by allowing to stand still for, for example, 1 minute or longer after dispensing the extract.
- FIG. 14G is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S107.
- the extract 17 is dispensed, the cell membranes and cell walls of the bacteria 14 are destroyed, and the ATP inside the bacteria 14 dissolves in the extract 17 .
- Step S108 Centrifugal filtration of extract
- the operator sets the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in a centrifuge, drives the centrifuge, and centrifugally filters the extract 17 in which the ATP derived from the bacteria 14 is dissolved.
- FIG. 14H is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S108.
- An extract 17 containing ATP derived from bacteria 14 passes through filter 4 and nozzle 5 and is sent to measurement tube 10 .
- the filtrate collected in the measurement tube 10 is used as the specimen 11 for luminescence measurement, which will be described later. Since the tip of the nozzle 5 is inside the measuring tube 10 , the filtrate, which is the specimen 11 , does not leak out of the measuring tube 10 .
- the measurement tube 10 is surrounded by the contamination prevention box 9 except for the minimum opening, the risk of contamination during work can be reduced more than the conventional exposure of the measurement tube 10. can be done.
- Step S109 Take out measurement tube and measure luminescence
- An operator removes the lower frame 8 of the contamination prevention box 9 from the upper frame 7 and takes out the measuring tube 10 from the lower frame 8 .
- the measurement tube 10 can be taken out in a clean environment such as inside a safety cabinet.
- the operator sets the measuring tube 10 on the ATP measuring device, and measures the amount of ATP bioluminescence derived from bacteria with the ATP measuring device. If the amount of luminescence exceeds a pre-adopted threshold, it indicates that more than the specified amount of bacteria was present in the test sample (pharmaceutical water).
- FIG. 14I is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in step S109.
- FIG. 14I shows a state in which the lower frame 8 of the contamination prevention box 9 is removed from the upper frame 7, and the upper portion of the measuring tube 10 protrudes from the lower frame 8, so that the operator can grip the measuring tube 10. It's getting easier.
- the amount of protrusion of the measurement tube 10 from the lower frame 8 can be set to a length such that, for example, when the operator grips the measurement tube 10 , the finger does not come into contact with the opening of the measurement tube 10 .
- the amount of protrusion of the measurement tube 10 from the lower frame 8 can be, for example, 2 cm or more.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 of the present disclosure can be applied to applications other than the centrifugal filtration of pharmaceutical water.
- beverage products or pharmaceuticals eg, internal medicines, external medicines, injections, cell therapy drugs, gene therapy drugs, etc.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 can be used for in-process inspection and pre-shipment inspection of beverage products, in-process inspection or pre-shipment inspection of pharmaceutical products, and the like.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 includes the filter cup 3 having the filter 4 that captures microorganisms and the nozzle 5 that discharges the liquid that has passed through the filter 4, and the filter cup 3
- a contamination prevention box 9 configured to be connectable and housing therein a measurement tube 10 capable of containing the liquid discharged from the nozzle 5 is provided.
- the contamination prevention box 9 has a partition wall 6 arranged between the filter cup 3 and the opening surface of the measurement tube 10, the partition wall 6 has an opening through which the nozzle 5 can pass, and the nozzle 5 is a contamination prevention When the box 9 is connected to the filter cup, the tip of the nozzle 5 is positioned below the lower end of the opening and has a length that penetrates into the measuring tube 10 .
- the measuring tube 10 is stored in the contamination prevention box 9, and the partition wall 6 exists between the opening surface of the measuring tube 10 and the filter cup 3, so contamination of the measuring tube 10 from the surrounding environment is reduced. can do.
- the tip of the nozzle 5 penetrates into the interior of the measurement tube 10 (located below the opening surface), the liquid passing through the filter 4 (specimen that may contain the target substance) is And it becomes possible to move the entire amount to the measuring tube 10 accurately by centrifugal filtration without contacting anything other than the measuring tube 10 . As a result, false positives and false negatives in microbiological tests can be reduced.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a centrifugal filtration cartridge 200 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 shows a state in which the contamination prevention box 9 is connected to the lidded holder 2 .
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 200 differs from the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 of the first embodiment mainly in that the filter cup 3 has two nozzles 5 and the contamination prevention box 9 houses two measuring tubes 10. different. The spaces for storing the two measuring tubes 10 are separated from each other.
- the partition wall 6 is provided with openings at respective positions corresponding to the two nozzles 5 .
- Each opening of the partition wall 6 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 5 and smaller than the area of the opening of the measuring tube 10 .
- the number of nozzles 5, the number of openings of partition wall 6, and the number of measurement tubes 10 are not limited to two, and may be three or more.
- the lid 1 is configured to be openable and closable by a hinge mechanism, but it may be of a screw type as in the first embodiment.
- the waste liquid container 12 connected to the lidded holder 2 does not need to be separated into two spaces, but may be separated into two spaces.
- the contamination prevention box of the centrifugal filtration cartridge according to the second embodiment includes a plurality of measurement tubes stored in different spaces. As a result, it is possible to obtain a plurality of specimens from one test sample, thereby improving the accuracy of test results.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 storing the measuring tube 10 in the contamination prevention box 9 has been described in order to reduce contamination of the measuring tube 10 from the surrounding environment.
- the structure of the first embodiment can sufficiently reduce the contamination of inhibitory substances
- the third embodiment proposes a centrifugal filtration cartridge capable of achieving even more thorough sealing.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a centrifugal filtration cartridge 300 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 shows the state immediately before the contamination prevention box 9 is connected to the holder 2 with lid.
- the centrifugal filtration cartridge 300 is provided with a hermetic seal 19 at the opening of the partition wall 6 of the contamination prevention box 9, and the tip of the nozzle 18 is processed into a needle shape to penetrate the hermetic seal 19. It differs from the centrifugal filtration cartridge 100 in form.
- hermetic seal 19 for example, a rubber-like septum or an aluminum foil film can be used.
- the operator pierces the airtight seal 19 with the nozzle 18 to enter the measurement tube 10 .
- the nozzle 18 can be designed so that the surface including the tip of the nozzle 18 is separated from the lower surface of the partition wall 6 by, for example, 1 mm or more, or 3 mm or more depending on the case, when the contamination prevention box 9 is connected to the holder 2 with lid. can. This can prevent the solution from coming into contact with the contamination prevention box 9 and the partition wall 6 during centrifugal filtration. Further, the nozzle 18 can be designed such that the surface including the tip of the nozzle 18 is separated from the opening surface of the measurement tube 10 by, for example, 1 mm or more, or 5 mm or more in some cases. This can prevent the solution from leaking out of the measurement tube 10 during centrifugal filtration.
- the contamination prevention box 9 of the centrifugal filtration cartridge 300 according to the third embodiment is provided with the airtight seal 19 at the opening of the partition wall 6 .
- the measurement tube 10 is kept sealed and sterile until the contamination prevention box 9 is connected to the lidded holder 2, so that contamination of the measurement tube 10 can be prevented more reliably. .
- the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and includes various modifications.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail in order to explain the present disclosure in an easy-to-understand manner, and do not necessarily include all the configurations described.
- part of an embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment.
- the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
- a part of the configuration of each embodiment can be added, deleted or replaced with a part of the configuration of another embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
<遠心ろ過カートリッジの第1の状態の構成例>
図1は、第1の実施形態に係る遠心ろ過カートリッジ100の第1の状態の外観を示す六面図である。図1(a)は正面図であり、図1(b)は背面図であり、図1(c)は右側面図であり、図1(d)は左側面図であり、図1(e)は上面図であり、図1(f)は底面図である。図1に示すように、第1の状態の遠心ろ過カートリッジ100は、蓋付きホルダ2及び廃液容器12を備える。蓋付きホルダ2には開閉可能な蓋1が設けられている。詳細は後述するが、蓋付きホルダ2と廃液容器12とは着脱可能に構成されている。
図5は、遠心ろ過カートリッジ100の汚染防止ボックス9の外観を示す六面図である。図5(a)は正面図であり、図5(b)は背面図であり、図5(c)は右側面図であり、図5(d)は左側面図であり、図5(e)は上面図であり、図5(f)は底面図である。図5に示すように、汚染防止ボックス9は、上枠7及び下枠8を備える。上枠7の上部にはねじ溝が設けられており、当該ねじ溝により、上枠7は蓋付きホルダ2と螺嵌(接続)可能である。なお、蓋付きホルダ2及び汚染防止ボックス9の接続方式は、スクリュー方式に限定されず、遠心機による遠心分離に耐えうる固定強度が得られればよい。例えば、蓋付きホルダ2及び汚染防止ボックス9は、単に嵌合により接続可能に構成されていてもよい。
図9は、第1の実施形態に係る遠心ろ過カートリッジ100の第2の状態の外観を示す六面図である。図9(a)は正面図であり、図9(b)は背面図であり、図9(c)は右側面図であり、図9(d)は左側面図であり、図9(e)は上面図であり、図9(f)は底面図である。図9に示すように、第2の状態の遠心ろ過カートリッジ100は、蓋付きホルダ2に汚染防止ボックス9が接続された状態である。
遠心ろ過カートリッジ100は、蓋付きホルダ2、汚染防止ボックス9及び廃液容器12を含む検査キットとして、流通させることができる。検査キットにおいて、蓋付きホルダ2と廃液容器12とが接続された第1の状態の遠心ろ過カートリッジ100と、汚染防止ボックス9単体とが、それぞれ密封包装された状態とすることができる。検査キットをこのように構成することにより、後述する使用時に、廃液容器12と汚染防止ボックス9との付け替えが一度で済むため、操作が簡単となり、外部からの汚染を防止することもできる。蓋付きホルダ2、汚染防止ボックス9及び廃液容器12は、ガンマ線滅菌、EOG滅菌、オートクレーブなどの滅菌工程を経て包装することができる。遠心ろ過カートリッジ100は、使い捨てとすることができる。
遠心ろ過カートリッジ100の使用形態の一例として、ATP法を用いた製薬用水(検査試料)の無菌検査方法について説明する。本方法において、高感度ATP検査キット(Lumione(登録商標)微生物迅速検査用試薬キット(日立ハイテクソリューションズ社製))と、高感度のATP計測装置(Lumione BL-2000(日立ハイテクソリューションズ社製))とを用いることとする。高感度ATP検査キットは、ATP活性消去液、洗浄液、発光液、抽出液、ポジティブコントロール(ATP 100amol/50μL抽出液)、測定チューブとその専用ラックを含む。
作業者は、遠心ろ過カートリッジ100、高感度ATP検査キット及びATP計測装置を準備し、遠心ろ過カートリッジ100及びピペット等の全ての備品を事前に滅菌処理(例えば放射線滅菌、ガス滅菌、高圧蒸気滅菌等)しておく。作業者は、準備が完了したら、無菌検査の作業を開始する。
作業者は、蓋付きホルダ2の蓋1を開けて、製薬用水(検査試料)を含む容器から、ピペット操作により、製薬用水をフィルタカップ3に分注する。その後、作業者は、蓋1を閉じる。遠心ろ過をスムーズに行うために、製薬用水の容量は、例えば100ミリリットル以下、場合に応じて10ミリリットル以下に設定することができる。
作業者は、遠心ろ過カートリッジ100を遠心機にセットし、遠心機を駆動して製薬用水13を遠心ろ過する。
作業者は、蓋1を開け、高感度ATP検査キットに含まれるATP活性消去液をフィルタカップ3のフィルタ4上に分注し、蓋1を閉じる。ATP活性消去液をフィルタ4上に分注することにより、フィルタカップ3及びフィルタ4に残存する、検査試料中に含まれていた不要なATPを消去することができる。ATP活性消去液の容量は、ステップS102で分注した製薬用水13の容量よりも多くすることができる。ATP活性消去液の分注後、例えば37℃で40分以上インキュベートすることにより、消去反応を亢進することができる。
作業者は、遠心ろ過カートリッジ100を遠心機にセットし、遠心機を駆動してATP活性消去液16を遠心ろ過する。
作業者は、廃液容器12を蓋付きホルダ2から外し、計測チューブ10が格納された状態の汚染防止ボックス9を蓋付きホルダ2に取り付ける。
作業者は、蓋1を開け、高感度ATP検査キットに含まれる抽出液をフィルタカップ3のフィルタ4上に分注し、蓋1を閉じる。抽出液の容量は、例えば500μL以下、場合に応じて50μL以下に設定することができる。抽出液は、フィルタ4上に捕捉されている細菌14の細胞膜及び細胞壁を溶解し、細菌14内部のATPを抽出液中に放出させる。抽出液の分注後、例えば1分間以上静置することにより、ATP抽出を十分に行うことができる。
作業者は、遠心ろ過カートリッジ100を遠心機にセットし、遠心機を駆動して、細菌14由来のATPが溶解した抽出液17を遠心ろ過する。
作業者は、汚染防止ボックス9の下枠8を上枠7から取り外し、計測チューブ10を下枠8から取り出す。計測チューブ10の取り出しは、安全キャビネット内部等のクリーンな環境で行うことができる。作業者は、計測チューブ10を取り出した後、計測チューブ10をATP計測装置にセットして、ATP計測装置により細菌由来のATP生物発光量を計測する。発光量が事前に採用している閾値を超えた場合、規定以上の細菌が検査試料(製薬用水)の中に存在したことを表す。
以上、検査試料が製薬用水である場合の無菌検査方法を説明したが、本開示の遠心ろ過カートリッジ100は、製薬用水の遠心ろ過以外にも適用することができる。例えば、飲料製品又は医薬品(例えば内服薬、外用薬、注射剤、細胞治療薬、遺伝子治療薬等)を検査試料とすることができる。したがって、遠心ろ過カートリッジ100は、飲料製品の工程内検査や出荷前検査、医薬品の工程内検査若しくは出荷前検査などに用いることができる。
以上のように、第1の実施形態に係る遠心ろ過カートリッジ100は、微生物を捕捉するフィルタ4と、フィルタ4を通過した液体を排出するノズル5と、を有するフィルタカップ3と、フィルタカップ3と接続可能に構成され、ノズル5から排出された液体を収容可能な計測チューブ10を内部に格納する汚染防止ボックス9と、を備える。汚染防止ボックス9は、フィルタカップ3と計測チューブ10の開口面との間に配置される隔壁6を有し、隔壁6は、ノズル5が通過可能な開口を有し、ノズル5は、汚染防止ボックス9がフィルタカップと接続された際に、ノズル5の先端が開口の下端よりも下に位置し、かつ計測チューブ10の内部に侵入する長さを有する。
上述の第1の実施形態においては、一度に1つの検査試料を検査可能な遠心ろ過カートリッジについて説明した。しかしながら、検査によっては、同一の検査試料を複数に分割し、複数回検査することが望まれる。例えば、一度の検査では偽陽性・偽陰性を判断することは難しいため、複数回測定を行い、所定の回数以上陽性となった場合に、検査結果として陽性と判断することが考えられる。そこで、第2の実施形態では、1つの検査試料から複数個の計測チューブに検体を取得可能な遠心ろ過カートリッジを提案する。
図15は、第2の実施形態に係る遠心ろ過カートリッジ200を示す概略断面図である。図15においては、蓋付きホルダ2に汚染防止ボックス9が接続された状態が示されている。遠心ろ過カートリッジ200は、主に、フィルタカップ3が2つのノズル5を有し、汚染防止ボックス9が2つの計測チューブ10を格納している点で、第1の実施形態の遠心ろ過カートリッジ100と異なっている。2つの計測チューブ10を格納する空間は互いに分離されている。隔壁6には、2つのノズル5と対応する位置のそれぞれに開口が設けられている。隔壁6の開口のそれぞれは、ノズル5の断面積よりも大きく、計測チューブ10の開口部の面積よりも小さい。ノズル5の数、隔壁6の開口の数及び計測チューブ10の数は2つに限定されず、3つ以上であってもよい。
本実施形態の無菌検査方法は、第1の実施形態と同様とすることができるため、説明を省略する。ただし、本実施形態によれば、上述のステップS108において、2つの計測チューブ10に検体が回収されるため、2つの検体について同時にATP発光計測を実施することができる。
以上のように、第2の実施形態に係る遠心ろ過カートリッジの汚染防止ボックスは、異なる空間に格納された複数の計測チューブを備える。これにより、1つの検査試料から複数の検体を取得することができるため、検査結果の正確性を向上できる。
第1の実施形態では、計測チューブ10が周辺環境から汚染されるのを軽減するため、計測チューブ10を汚染防止ボックス9に格納する遠心ろ過カートリッジ100について説明した。第1の実施形態の構造でも阻害物質の混入を十分に軽減できるが、第3の実施形態では、さらに徹底した密閉性を実現可能な遠心ろ過カートリッジを提案する。
図16は、第3の実施形態に係る遠心ろ過カートリッジ300を示す概略断面図である。図16においては、蓋付きホルダ2に汚染防止ボックス9を接続する直前の状態が示されている。遠心ろ過カートリッジ300は、汚染防止ボックス9の隔壁6の開口に密閉シール19が設けられ、密閉シール19を貫通するためにノズル18の先端が針状に加工されている点で、第1の実施形態の遠心ろ過カートリッジ100と異なっている。
本実施形態の無菌検査方法は、第1の実施形態と同様とすることができるため、説明を省略する。
以上のように、第3の実施形態に係る遠心ろ過カートリッジ300の汚染防止ボックス9は、隔壁6の開口に密閉シール19が設けられている。これにより、汚染防止ボックス9を蓋付きホルダ2に接続されるまでは、計測チューブ10の密閉性及び無菌性が維持されるため、計測チューブ10の汚染をより確実に防止することが可能になる。
本開示は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものでなく、様々な変形例を含んでいる。例えば、上述した実施形態は、本開示を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備える必要はない。また、ある実施形態の一部を他の実施形態の構成に置き換えることができる。また、ある実施形態の構成に他の実施形態の構成を加えることもできる。また、各実施形態の構成の一部について、他の実施形態の構成の一部を追加、削除又は置換することもできる。
Claims (13)
- 微生物を捕捉するフィルタと、前記フィルタを通過した液体を排出するノズルと、を有するフィルタカップと、
前記フィルタカップと接続可能に構成され、前記ノズルから排出された前記液体を収容可能な計測容器を内部に格納する汚染防止ボックスと、を備え、
前記汚染防止ボックスは、前記フィルタカップと前記計測容器の開口面との間に配置される隔壁を有し、
前記隔壁は、前記ノズルが通過可能な開口を有し、
前記ノズルは、前記汚染防止ボックスが前記フィルタカップと接続された際に、前記ノズルの先端が前記開口の下端よりも下に位置し、かつ前記計測容器の内部に侵入する長さを有することを特徴とする遠心ろ過カートリッジ。 - 前記開口の断面積は、前記ノズルの断面積よりも大きく、前記計測容器の開口面の断面積よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 前記汚染防止ボックスは、前記計測容器の開口面側の第1のボックスと、前記計測容器の底側の第2のボックスとを備え、
前記第1のボックスと前記第2のボックスとが、分離可能なように構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。 - 前記汚染防止ボックスは、複数の前記計測容器を格納し、
前記隔壁は、前記複数の前記計測容器のそれぞれの上部に設けられた複数の前記開口を有し、
前記フィルタカップは、前記複数の前記計測容器と同数の複数の前記ノズルを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。 - 前記開口には、前記開口を密閉するシールが設けられており、
前記ノズルの先端が針状であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。 - 前記ノズルの太さは5mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 前記汚染防止ボックスが前記フィルタカップと接続された状態において、前記ノズルの先端を含む面が、前記隔壁の下面から1mm以上下方に位置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 前記汚染防止ボックスが前記フィルタカップと接続された状態において、前記ノズルの先端を含む面が、前記計測容器の開口面から1mm以上下方に位置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 前記汚染防止ボックスが前記フィルタカップと接続された状態において、前記ノズルの側面と前記開口との間に隙間があることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 前記フィルタカップを保持し、前記フィルタカップの上方を覆う蓋を有し、前記汚染防止ボックスと接続可能に構成されたホルダをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 前記第1のボックスと前記第2のボックスとを分離した際に、前記計測容器が前記第2のボックスから突出することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 前記汚染防止ボックスを取り外した状態の前記フィルタカップと接続可能な廃液容器をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジ。
- 請求項1に記載の遠心ろ過カートリッジを準備することと、
前記フィルタカップに検査試料を分注することと、
前記フィルタカップと前記計測容器とを接続することと、
前記フィルタカップと前記計測容器とが接続された状態の前記遠心ろ過カートリッジを遠心機に設置して、前記フィルタにより遠心ろ過を行うことと、を含む微生物検査方法。
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