WO2022138848A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022138848A1 WO2022138848A1 PCT/JP2021/047968 JP2021047968W WO2022138848A1 WO 2022138848 A1 WO2022138848 A1 WO 2022138848A1 JP 2021047968 W JP2021047968 W JP 2021047968W WO 2022138848 A1 WO2022138848 A1 WO 2022138848A1
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrolyte secondary
- electrode active
- composite oxide
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 47
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 38
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 229910015658 LixMny Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diantimony Chemical compound [Sb]#[Sb] WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material greatly affects the battery performance such as input / output characteristics, capacity, and durability.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing a metal element such as Ni, Co, Mn, and Al is generally used as the positive electrode active material.
- the type and amount of elements added to the lithium transition metal composite oxide have a great influence on the battery performance. For example, even a slight change in the type or amount of the added element may not achieve the desired performance. be. Therefore, many studies have been conducted on the types and amounts of additive elements of lithium transition metal composite oxides.
- Patent Document 1 describes the composition formula Li x Ni 1-y Coy -z M z O 2-a X b (M is Al alone or contains Al as an essential element and has a periodic table. 13th and 14th group elements, Mn, Fe, Ti, Zr, Nd, La, Cu, V, Sm, W, Zn, Y, Mg, Sr, Ca, Ba, Cs, Na, P A positive electrode active material represented by one or more elements, where X is a halogen element) is disclosed. Patent Document 1 describes that a lithium ion secondary battery having excellent cycle performance and safety performance can be provided by using the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium excess type lithium transition metal composite oxide having a molar ratio of Li to a transition metal exceeding 1 is expected as a next-generation positive electrode active material having a high capacity, but there is a problem that the transition metal is easily eluted. be. It is known that the addition of F to a lithium-rich composite oxide suppresses the elution of transition metals and improves durability, but further improvement in durability is required.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a high-capacity positive electrode active material containing a lithium excess type lithium transition metal composite oxide, which is a positive electrode active material that improves the durability of a battery.
- the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one aspect of the present disclosure, is a composition formula Li x Mn y Ni z Ti a M b O 2-c F c (in the formula, M is P, Co, Si, Sr). , Nb, W, Mo, Ca, Mg, Sb, Na, B, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ge, Zr, Ru, K, Bi, Al. 1.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.8, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.03, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0. 1. It is characterized by containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by x + y + z + a + b ⁇ 2).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the cycle characteristics of the battery can be improved and the durability can be improved.
- the present inventors specifically added Ti to the lithium-rich F-containing composite oxide containing at least Mn as a transition metal to specifically improve the durability of the battery. Found to improve. In particular, it has been found that when Ti and a specific element M are added, the durability is more significantly improved, preferably when two or more kinds of elements M are added.
- a cylindrical battery in which the wound electrode body 14 is housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer can 16 is illustrated, but the outer body is not limited to the cylindrical outer can, for example, a square outer can (for example, a square outer can (). It may be a square battery), a coin-shaped outer can (coin-shaped battery), or an outer body (laminated battery) composed of a laminated sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer. Further, the electrode body is not limited to the winding type, and may be a laminated type electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated via a separator.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 which is an example of an embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a winding type electrode body 14, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and an outer can 16 for accommodating the electrode body 14 and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13, and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound via the separator 13.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container having an opening on one side in the axial direction, and the opening of the outer can 16 is closed by a sealing body 17.
- the battery sealing body 17 side is on the top and the bottom side of the outer can 16 is on the bottom.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these are used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- the non-aqueous solvent include ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and a mixed solvent thereof.
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the electrolyte salt for example, a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 is used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is not limited to the liquid electrolyte, and may be a solid electrolyt
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 constituting the electrode body 14 are all strip-shaped long bodies, and are alternately laminated in the radial direction of the electrode body 14 by being wound in a spiral shape.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed to have a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent the precipitation of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (short direction).
- the separator 13 is formed to have a size at least one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11, and for example, two separators 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 extends to the sealing body 17 side through the through hole of the insulating plate 18, and the negative electrode lead 21 extends to the bottom side of the outer can 16 through the outside of the insulating plate 19.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure the airtightness inside the battery.
- the outer can 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing body 17, with a part of the side surface portion protruding inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16, and the sealing body 17 is supported on the upper surface thereof.
- the sealing body 17 is fixed to the upper part of the outer can 16 by the grooved portion 22 and the opening end portion of the outer can 16 crimped to the sealing body 17.
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are laminated in this order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at the central portion of each, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between the peripheral portions of each.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 constituting the electrode body 14 will be described in detail, and in particular, the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode 11 will be described in detail.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode core and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the positive electrode core.
- a foil of a metal stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11 such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, and is preferably provided on both sides of the positive electrode core body.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and the like is applied onto a positive electrode core, the coating film is dried, and then compressed to form a positive electrode mixture layer. It can be produced by forming it on both sides of the body.
- Examples of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite.
- Examples of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefin resins. .. These resins may be used in combination with cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or salts thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the like.
- the positive electrode active material is a composition formula Li x Mn y Ni z Ti a M b O 2-c F c (in the formula, M is P, Co, Si, Sr, Nb, W, Mo, Ca, Mg, Sb, Na. , B, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ge, Zr, Ru, K, Bi, Al, at least one element, 1.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0.4 ⁇ Lithium transition metal composite represented by y ⁇ 0.8, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.03, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1, x + y + z + a + b ⁇ 2) Contains oxides.
- the composite oxide is a Li excess-based material containing Li, Mn, Ti, and F as essential elements and having a molar ratio of Li to a transition metal of more than 1, and a predetermined amount of fluoride ions is introduced into the composite oxide. It is a composite oxide in which a portion is substituted with F.
- the positive electrode active material contains a composite oxide represented by the above composition formula as a main component.
- the principal component means the component having the highest mass ratio among the constituent components of the composite oxide.
- a composite oxide other than the composite oxide represented by the above composition formula (for example, a composite oxide that is not a Li excess system or a composite compound that does not contain fluoride ions) ) May be used in combination, but the content of the composite oxide is preferably 50% by mass or more, and may be substantially 100% by mass.
- the composition of the composite oxide can be measured using an ICP emission spectrophotometer (iCAP6300 manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by the above composition formula preferably contains Ni in addition to Li, Mn, and Ti. Ni contributes to high capacity. If Ti is added to the lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by the above composition formula, preferably a composite oxide containing Ni, the durability of the battery is improved, but the durability is improved when the element M is present together with Ti. Sex is improved more effectively. Therefore, the composite oxide has P, Co, Si, Sr, Nb, W, Mo, Ca, Mg, Sb, Na, B, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ge, Zr, and Ru as essential elements. , K, Bi, Al preferably contains at least one element M selected from. Of these, Al, Sb, Sr, Si, Mg, Nb, P and Ge are preferable.
- the element M is P, Co, Si, Sr, Nb, W, Mo, Ca, Mg, Sb, Na, B, V, It is preferably at least two kinds of elements selected from Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ge, Zr, Ru, K, Bi and Al. Among them, at least two kinds of elements selected from Al, Sb, Sr, Si, Mg, Nb, P and Ge are preferable, and at least two kinds of elements selected from Al, Sb, Sr, Si and Mg are more preferable. .. By adding two or more kinds of elements M, the effect of improving durability becomes more remarkable. When two or more kinds of elements M are contained, the total molar ratio of the elements M is 0.05 or less (0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.05).
- the element M contains two kinds of elements selected from Sb, Sr, Si, Mg, Nb, P and Ge, and Al. It may be three kinds of elements. That is, the composite oxide contains three kinds of elements M as essential elements. Further, the three types of essential elements include two types selected from Sb, Sr, Si, Mg, Nb, P and Ge, two types selected from Sb, Sr, Si and Mg, and Al. ..
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains two elements M
- suitable combinations of the elements M are (1) Al and Sr, (2) Al and Nb, (3) Al and Ge, (1) Al and Sr, (3) Al and Ge. 4) Al and Si, (5) Sr and Sb, (6) Sr and Nb, (7) Sr and Ge, (8) Sr and Si and the like.
- suitable combinations of the elements M include (1) Al, Sr, and Si, (2) Al, Sb, and Si, (3) Al, Si, and so on.
- the type of the element M contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide may be, for example, three or more, but preferably one to three, more preferably two or three, and particularly preferably three. It is a kind.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide does not have to contain Co substantially. Even if another element M is used instead of Co, a durability improving effect equal to or higher than that when Co is used can be obtained.
- the molar ratio (x) of Li is 1.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, preferably 1.1 ⁇ x. ⁇ 1.2.
- the molar ratio (y) of Mn is 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.8, preferably 0.45 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.60.
- Ni is an optional component, but is preferably contained in a smaller amount than Mn, for example. From the viewpoint of achieving both high durability and high capacity, the preferable content (molar ratio) of Ni is 0.05 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.3.
- the total molar amount (x + y + z + a + b) of Li, Mn, Ni, Ti, and the element M is 2 or less, preferably 2. .. That is, it is preferable that the composite oxide is a Li-rich composite oxide and not a cation-rich composite oxide.
- the molar ratio (c) of F is 0.1 or less (0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1), preferably 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.085.
- the molar ratio (a) of Ti is 0.03 or less (0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.03), preferably 0. .002 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.02, or 0.002 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.01, or 0.002 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.005. Even a small amount of Ti contributes to the improvement of durability, but when it is present in an amount of 0.2 mol% or more with respect to the total number of moles of the elements excluding Li, O, and F, the effect of improving the durability is more remarkable. Become.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 2 mol%, 1 mol%, or 0.5 mol%.
- the molar ratio (b) of the element M is preferably 0.05 or less (0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.05), and 0.04. The following (0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.04) or 0.03 or less (0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.03) is more preferable.
- the total molar ratio of element M is 0.05 or less as described above. In this case, the durability can be improved more efficiently.
- the molar ratio of each element M varies slightly depending on the type of element, but is preferably 0.015 or less, 0.01 or less, or 0.005 or less.
- the element M When the element M is added together with Ti, it contributes to the improvement of durability even in a small amount, but when it is present in an amount of 0.2 mol% or more with respect to the total number of moles of the elements excluding Li, O, and F, The effect of improving durability becomes more remarkable.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the content of Ti and the element M is not particularly limited, but the suitable ratio is slightly different depending on the type of the element M and the like.
- the molar ratios of Ti and each of the elements M may be, for example, substantially the same.
- the total number of moles of element M is preferably larger than the number of moles of Ti.
- the number of moles of Al is set to be equal to or greater than the number of moles of Ti, and the number of moles of other elements M is larger than the number of moles.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide may contain elements other than Li, Mn, Ni, Ti, elements M, O, and F as long as the object of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide is, for example, a secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of primary particles.
- An example of a volume-based median diameter (D50) of a lithium transition metal composite oxide is 1 to 20 ⁇ m, or 2 to 15 ⁇ m.
- D50 is a particle size having a volume integrated value of 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium transition metal composite oxide is, for example, 1.0 to 4.0 mm 2 / g. When the BET specific surface area is within the range, it becomes easy to achieve both high durability and high capacity.
- the BET specific surface area is measured according to the BET method (nitrogen adsorption method) described in JIS R1626.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by the above composition formula is a mixture of, for example, a carbonate containing Mn and Ni, a compound containing Ti, a compound containing element M, and lithium fluoride (LiF). It can be synthesized by firing the mixture.
- An example of firing conditions is 700 to 900 ° C. ⁇ 10 to 30 hours.
- the Ti-containing compound may be added to the fired product after the other components are mixed and fired. In this case, Ti tends to be unevenly distributed on the particle surface of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Ti-containing compound examples include titanium oxide and the like.
- compound containing the element M examples include diantimony trioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, germanium oxide, cobalt sulfate, lithium phosphate, diphosphorus pentoxide and the like.
- the positive electrode active material contains a lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by the composition formula Li x Mn y Ni z Tia M b O 2-c F c as a main component.
- the composite oxide preferably contains Ni and element M as essential elements.
- the element M is preferably two or more kinds of elements selected from Al, Sb, Sr, Si, Mg, Nb, P and Ge, and more preferably Al, Sb, Sr, Si, Mg, Nb and P. Three kinds of elements selected from Ge, or three kinds of elements selected from Al, Sb, Sr, Si, and Mg.
- an example of a suitable range of Ti content is 0.2 to 1 mol%, and an example of a suitable range of total element M content is 0. .2 to 2 mol%.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode core body and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode core body.
- a metal foil stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12 such as copper, a film on which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material and a binder, and is preferably provided on both sides of the negative electrode core body.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder and the like is applied to the surface of the negative electrode core, the coating film is dried, and then compressed to form a negative electrode mixture layer. It can be manufactured by forming it on both sides of the core body.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a carbon-based active material that reversibly occludes and releases lithium ions as a negative electrode active material.
- Suitable carbon-based active materials are natural graphite such as scaly graphite, massive graphite and earthy graphite, and graphite such as artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
- a Si-based active material composed of at least one of Si and a Si-containing compound may be used, or a carbon-based active material and a Si-based active material may be used in combination.
- the conductive agent contained in the negative electrode mixture layer carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite can be used as in the case of the positive electrode 11.
- the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer fluororesin, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin or the like can be used as in the case of the positive electrode 11, but styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) should be used. Is preferable.
- the negative electrode mixture layer preferably further contains CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like. Above all, it is preferable to use SBR in combination with CMC or a salt thereof, PAA or a salt thereof.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating property is used as the separator 13.
- the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric.
- the material of the separator 13 polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin such as a copolymer of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin, cellulose and the like are suitable.
- the separator 13 may have either a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic particles, a heat-resistant layer made of a highly heat-resistant resin such as an aramid resin, polyimide, or polyamide-imide may be formed on the surface of the separator 13.
- Example 1 [Synthesis of Lithium Transition Metal Composite Oxide] A carbonate containing Mn and Ni in a molar ratio of 2: 1 is mixed with titanium oxide, lithium carbonate and lithium fluoride, and the mixture is fired at 800 ° C. for 20 hours in the air to form a composition formula. A lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by Li 1.167 Mn 0.550 Ni 0.275 Ti 0.008 O 1.958 F 0.042 was obtained.
- the above lithium transition metal composite oxide was used as the positive electrode active material.
- Positive electrode active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride are mixed at a solid content mass ratio of 7: 2: 1, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is used as a dispersion medium to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode mixture slurry was applied onto a positive electrode core made of aluminum foil, the coating film was dried and compressed, and then cut to a predetermined electrode size to obtain a positive electrode.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed in a predetermined volume ratio. LiPF 6 was added to the mixed solvent to obtain a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode made of lithium metal leaf were arranged to face each other via a separator to form an electrode body, and the electrode body was housed in a coin-shaped outer can. After injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte solution into the outer can, the outer can was sealed to obtain a coin-shaped test cell (non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery).
- Examples 2 to 15, Comparative Examples 3 to 12> In the synthesis of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, the compounds containing the element M were mixed so that the contents of Ti and the element M were as shown in Table 1, and the types of raw materials and the mixing ratio of the raw materials were appropriately changed. Except for the above (the content of Li, Ni, Mn, O, and F is the same as in Example 1), a test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Oxides were used as the compounds containing Co, P, Sb, Sr, Si, and Mg, respectively.
- Example 1 A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that titanium oxide was not added in the synthesis of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Example 2 A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that titanium oxide and lithium fluoride were not added in the synthesis of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Capacity retention rate (E22 / E1) ⁇ Cycle test>
- the test cell is charged at a constant current at 0.05 C until the battery voltage reaches 4.7 V under a temperature environment of 25 ° C, and then charged at a constant voltage at 4.7 V until the current value reaches 0.025 C. Then, (2) rested for 20 minutes, (3) then constant current discharge was performed at 0.05 C until the battery voltage reached 2.5 V, and (4) finally rested for 20 minutes.
- the steps (1) to (4) were set as one charge / discharge cycle, and 22 cycles were repeated.
- the test cells of Example 1 have a higher capacity retention rate and excellent cycle characteristics than the test cells of Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 when F is added to the lithium transition metal composite oxide containing Mn and Ni, the capacity retention rate of the test cell using the oxide is improved, but Ti is added. Compared with the effect of using the above-mentioned composite oxide (Example 1), the improvement effect is small. Further, in the test cell of Example 1, a higher capacity retention rate was obtained as compared with the case where the composite oxide to which Co was added instead of Ti was used (Comparative Examples 3 and 4).
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、正極芯体と、正極芯体の表面に設けられた正極合剤層とを有する。正極芯体には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金など正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合剤層は、正極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤を含み、正極芯体の両面に設けられることが好ましい。正極11は、例えば正極芯体上に正極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤等を含む正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合剤層を正極芯体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
負極12は、負極芯体と、負極芯体の表面に設けられた負極合剤層とを有する。負極芯体には、銅などの負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合剤層は、負極活物質および結着剤を含み、負極芯体の両面に設けられることが好ましい。負極12は、例えば負極芯体の表面に負極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤等を含む負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合剤層を負極芯体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、イオン透過性および絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ13の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレンとαオレフィンの共重合体等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータ13の表面には、無機粒子を含む耐熱層、アラミド樹脂、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド等の耐熱性の高い樹脂で構成される耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
[リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の合成]
Mn、Niを2:1のモル比で含有する炭酸塩と、酸化チタンと、炭酸リチウムと、フッ化リチウムとを混合し、混合物を800℃で20時間、空気中で焼成して、組成式Li1.167Mn0.550Ni0.275Ti0.008O1.958F0.042で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得た。
正極活物質として、上記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いた。正極活物質と、アセチレンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、7:2:1の固形分質量比で混合し、分散媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を用いて、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、アルミニウム箔からなる正極芯体上に正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧縮した後、所定の電極サイズに切断して正極を得た。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、所定の体積比で混合した。当該混合溶媒に、LiPF6を添加して非水電解液を得た。
セパレータを介して上記正極とリチウム金属箔からなる負極を対向配置して電極体を構成し、コイン形の外装缶に電極体を収容した。外装缶に上記非水電解液を注入した後、外装缶を封止してコイン形の試験セル(非水電解質二次電池)を得た。
リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の合成において、Tiおよび元素Mの含有量が表1に示すものとなるように、元素Mを含有する化合物を混合し、適宜原料の種類および原料の混合比を変更したこと以外(Li、Ni、Mn、O、Fの含有率は実施例1の場合と同じ)は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製した。なお、Co、P、Sb、Sr、Si、Mgをそれぞれ含有する化合物には、酸化物を用いた。
リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の合成において、酸化チタンを添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製した。
リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の合成において、酸化チタンおよびフッ化リチウムを添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製した。
下記サイクル試験の1サイクル後の放電電力量E1(初期放電電力量)および22サイクル後の放電電力量E22から、下記式により容量維持率を算出した。
容量維持率=(E22/E1)
<サイクル試験>
試験セルを、25℃の温度環境下、(1)0.05Cで電池電圧が4.7Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、4.7Vで電流値が0.025Cになるまで定電圧充電を行い、(2)次に20分間休止し、(3)続いて0.05Cで電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行い、(4)最後に20分間休止した。この(1)から(4)までの工程を1サイクルの充放電サイクルとし、22サイクル繰り返した。
Claims (7)
- 組成式LixMnyNizTiaMbO2-cFc(式中、MはP、Co、Si、Sr、Nb、W、Mo、Ca、Mg、Sb、Na、B、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ge、Zr、Ru、K、Bi、Alから選択される少なくとも1種類の元素であり、1.0<x≦1.2、0.4≦y≦0.8、0≦z≦0.4、0<a≦0.03、0≦b≦0.05、0<c≦0.1、x+y+z+a+b≦2)で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含む、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 組成式LixMnyNizTiaMbO2-cFcにおいて、MはP、Co、Si、Sr、Nb、W、Mo、Ca、Mg、Sb、Na、B、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ge、Zr、Ru、K、Bi、Alから選択される少なくとも2種類の元素であり、Mのモル比(b)は0<b≦0.03である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 組成式LixMnyNizTiaMbO2-cFcにおいて、MはAl、Sb、Sr、Si、Mg、Nb、P、Geから選択される少なくとも2種類の元素である、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 組成式LixMnyNizTiaMbO2-cFcにおいて、MはSb、Sr、Si、Mg、Nb、P、Geから選択される2種類の元素、およびAlを含む3種類の元素である、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 組成式LixMnyNizTiaMbO2-cFcにおいて、MはSb、Sr、Si、Mg、から選択される2種類の元素、およびAlを含む3種類の元素である、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 組成式LixMnyNizTiaMbO2-cFcにおいて、Tiのモル比(a)は0.002≦a≦0.02である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極の間に介在するセパレータと、
非水電解質と、
を備える、非水電解質二次電池。
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