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WO2021190411A1 - 天线、天线模组及无线网络设备 - Google Patents

天线、天线模组及无线网络设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021190411A1
WO2021190411A1 PCT/CN2021/081771 CN2021081771W WO2021190411A1 WO 2021190411 A1 WO2021190411 A1 WO 2021190411A1 CN 2021081771 W CN2021081771 W CN 2021081771W WO 2021190411 A1 WO2021190411 A1 WO 2021190411A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
frequency
line
section
radiating section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/081771
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵金进
石操
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21775052.0A priority Critical patent/EP4109676A4/en
Priority to JP2022557971A priority patent/JP7523570B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227036380A priority patent/KR102643317B1/ko
Publication of WO2021190411A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021190411A1/zh
Priority to US17/951,649 priority patent/US12119570B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2291—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in bluetooth or WI-FI devices of Wireless Local Area Networks [WLAN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/265—Open ring dipoles; Circular dipoles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an antenna, an antenna module and a wireless network device.
  • the present application provides an antenna for realizing horizontal omnidirectional radiation and vertical directional radiation of the antenna in multiple frequency bands.
  • the present application provides an antenna including a folded antenna, a dipole antenna, and a coupling structure.
  • the extension direction of the main radiator of the folded antenna is a first direction
  • the main radiator of the dipole antenna is the second direction
  • the first direction and the second direction are orthogonal.
  • the folded antenna is arranged at one end of the dipole antenna, and the operation of the folded antenna
  • the frequency is a first frequency band
  • the working frequency of the dipole antenna includes a second frequency band
  • the first frequency band is higher than the second frequency band
  • the coupling structure is connected between the folded antenna and the dipole antenna Meanwhile, in the second frequency band, the coupling structure generates resonance, so that the folded antenna participates in the radiation of the dipole antenna, and in the first frequency band, the coupling structure has an isolation function.
  • a folded antenna is also called a folded dipole antenna. It includes two main radiators. Usually the main radiator is a half-wavelength main dipole and a half-wavelength parasitic dipole close to each other. The main radiators are connected together by a connecting section, and the parasitic dipole induces The obtained current standing wave and voltage standing wave are not only the same distribution as the main vibrator, because the distance is very close, the coupling is tight, the size is also the same, and the phase delay can be ignored, because the main vibrator and the parasitic vibrator are close to each other.
  • the connecting section is very short and hardly participates in radiation.
  • the folded antenna and the dipole antenna are integrated into one body through a coupling structure.
  • the folded antenna can not only perform its own working frequency band, but also Participating in the radiation of the second frequency band of the dipole antenna, the radiator of the folded antenna can participate in the radiation of different antennas, and is independent of each other in performance.
  • the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction, so that the folded antenna and the dipole antenna
  • the polarization is orthogonal to achieve high isolation polarization separation and space diversity between the folded antenna and the dipole antenna.
  • the antenna provided in this application has the advantages of both small size and good radiation performance.
  • the antenna provided in this application is used in wireless network equipment, such as WIFI products, where the folded antenna is a half-wave folded antenna with horizontal polarization, and the first frequency band is high frequency, covering 6GHz-7.8GHz.
  • Dipole antennas are vertically polarized, including high-frequency radiators and low-frequency radiators. Dipole antennas can cover three different frequency ranges, such as 2.4GH, 5G and 6G.
  • the second frequency band is the operating frequency range of the low-frequency radiator.
  • the folded antenna has directional radiation characteristics, and the dipole antenna has omnidirectional radiation characteristics.
  • the integration of the folded antenna and the dipole antenna into an integrated structure in this application has the advantages of small size and high performance.
  • the coupling structure includes a first coupling line and a second coupling line, the first coupling line is connected to the folded antenna, and the second coupling line is connected to the dipole antenna , A gap is formed between the first coupling line and the second coupling line, and forms an equivalent inductance and capacitance in series.
  • the electromagnetic coupling between the first coupling line and the second coupling line will fold the antenna and the coupling
  • the pole antennas are connected together to form an integrated antenna structure.
  • the distributed inductance and capacitance formed by the first coupling line and the second coupling line form resonance, so that the impedance of the series circuit is small, and it is approximately a straight-through connection.
  • the series circuit formed by the first coupling line and the second coupling line is in a non-resonant state, exhibiting a high impedance characteristic, and an almost disconnected effect.
  • two coupling lines form a series-connected inductance-capacitance circuit, which can realize the function of passing low frequency and blocking high frequency.
  • the coupling structure provided in this application is connected between the folded antenna and the dipole antenna, and has a simple structure and space saving. Advantages are conducive to the design of antenna miniaturization.
  • the length and width of the first coupling line and the second coupling line and the gap between the two can be adjusted according to the requirements of different operating frequencies and bandwidths, or the first coupling line and the second coupling line can be adjusted.
  • the extended shape of the line adjusts the resonant frequency.
  • the first coupling line and the second coupling line are linear, and the extension directions of the first coupling line and the second coupling line are both in the second direction.
  • part of the first coupling line A part of the second coupling line is stacked and arranged to form a gap.
  • the first coupling line and the second coupling line can be arranged in parallel, that is, the gap between the two is equidistant, which facilitates tuning of the resonance frequency.
  • the first coupling line is perpendicular to the main radiator of the folded antenna, and the second coupling line is parallel to the first coupling line.
  • the number of the second coupling lines is two, and the two second coupling lines are arranged in parallel and arranged on both sides of the first coupling line.
  • the main radiator of the dipole antenna extends from the first end to the second end along the second direction, the first end is adjacent to the folded antenna, and the second end is away from the folded antenna.
  • a space is formed between the first end and the folded antenna, and the coupling structure is arranged in the space.
  • the two second coupling lines form two parallel capacitor structures on both sides of the first coupling line to form a structure similar to a coplanar waveguide.
  • the coupling coefficient is increased through a double gap to achieve tuning frequency.
  • This architecture can reduce the size of the folded antenna and The distance between the dipole antennas can reduce the length of the coupled strip line in the second direction, which is beneficial to the overall small-size design of the antenna.
  • the main radiator of the folded antenna includes a first radiating section and a second radiating section that are relatively spaced apart, and the folded antenna further includes a first radiating section and a second radiating section connected to each other. Between the radiating sections, and together with the first radiating section and the second radiating section, the first connecting section and the second connecting section of the ring structure are formed. In the second frequency band, the first connecting section And the second connecting section participates in the radiation of the dipole antenna.
  • the first radiating section and the second radiating section and the extension direction are the first direction
  • the first radiating section and the second radiating section are the main radiators of the folded antenna.
  • the first radiating section and the second radiating section are The current distributions of the two radiating sections are in the same direction, and the first connecting section and the second connecting section are connected between the first radiating section and the second radiating section to realize the in-phase superposition of the radiant energy of the first radiating section and the second radiating section.
  • This application breaks the limitation that the two radiators of the traditional folded antenna are close to each other, the horizontal length and the vertical distance are balanced, and a miniaturized design can be achieved.
  • the size of the first radiation section and the second radiation section are designed as: ⁇ h/4 ⁇ h/3, in the second direction,
  • the size of the first connecting section and the second connecting section are designed as: ⁇ h/10 ⁇ ⁇ h/2, ⁇ h is the resonant wavelength of the folded antenna.
  • this application reduces the horizontal length, and at the same time widens the gap between the first radiating section and the second radiating section, so that there is a certain space difference between the two, thereby realizing the effect of a binary array.
  • a part of the first connecting section and the second connecting section connected to the first radiating section and the first radiating section together form a half-wave radiator, that is, the overall structure of the half-wave radiator is non-linear, and It is a straight line with a bending structure at both ends.
  • the first connecting section includes a first trace that reciprocally extends in a third direction, and the first trace is used to form a non-radiation inductive load to reduce the size of the folded antenna,
  • the third direction forms an angle with the second direction.
  • an accommodating space is formed between the first radiating section and the second radiating section, and an extension path of the first wiring is located in the accommodating space.
  • the first trace occupies the accommodating space between the first radiating section and the second radiating section, and this structure helps to save the space occupied by the antenna.
  • the period of the reciprocating extension of the first trace includes a plurality of periods.
  • the connection line between the end point of the first radiating section and the end point of the second radiating point is the reference position set by the first connecting section and the second connecting section.
  • the wire extends from this reference position into the containing space.
  • a period of the first wire extension can be understood as a reciprocating path extending from the reference position to the inside of the containing space and then returning to the reference position.
  • the period of the reciprocating extension of the first trace can be one, two or more.
  • the first trace forms a distributed inductance, which has an inductive loading effect in the folded antenna. Compared with the linear structure, the first trace has a higher inductive value, so that the size of the folded antenna can be reduced relative to the straight structure.
  • the number of cycles of the first straight line extension is different, the distributed inductance changes, the more cycles the number of cycles can replace the straight line part (this straight line part refers to the structure of the direct connection between the end points of the first radiating section and the second radiating section)
  • this straight line part refers to the structure of the direct connection between the end points of the first radiating section and the second radiating section.
  • the path extended by the first trace may be regular or irregular.
  • a regular path design is beneficial to tuning the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the path along which the first trace extends is serpentine, zigzag, or wavy.
  • the first wiring includes a plurality of parallel first wirings, and adjacent first wirings are connected by a second wiring to form the continuously extending first wiring.
  • the extending direction of the first line can be parallel to the first radiating section, or it can form an angle with the first radiating section.
  • Angle, the second line may be parallel to the second direction, or may form an angle compared to the second direction.
  • the first connecting section further includes a third line and a fourth line symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first wiring, between the first wiring and the first radiating section It is connected by the third wire, and the first wire and the second radiating section are connected by the fourth wire.
  • both sides of the first trace also include a third line and a fourth line.
  • the third line can be used as an extension of the first radiating section to participate in the radiation of the first radiating section.
  • the fourth line can be used as the second radiating section.
  • the extension of the segment participates in the radiation of the second radiating segment, so that the folded antenna can form a small-sized structure.
  • the extension directions of the third line and the fourth line are both in the second direction, that is, the third line is vertically connected to the first radiating section, and the fourth line is vertically connected to the second radiating section.
  • the third line and the first radiating section can also form an acute or obtuse angle connection.
  • the fourth line and the second radiating section can also form an acute or obtuse angle connection.
  • the second connecting section includes a fifth wire, a second wiring, and a sixth wire that are sequentially connected between the first radiating section and the second radiating section.
  • the second trace is a structure that extends back and forth in the third direction to form a non-radiation inductive load to reduce the size of the folded antenna.
  • the fifth line, the third line and the first radiating section together form a half Wave radiator.
  • the first radiating section may be linear, or may be a strip line extending in other shapes, and the first radiating section is symmetrically distributed with the center line as the center.
  • This application properly separates the two main radiators (that is, the first radiating section and the second radiating section) in the second direction through the folded antenna, and introduces the first wiring and the second radiating section into the first connecting section and the second connecting section.
  • the second wiring structure forms an inductive load to reduce the size, which can realize the front and rear bidirectional wide-beam high-gain radiation characteristics of the folded antenna.
  • the second radiating section includes a first body, a second body, and a feeding branch
  • the first body includes a first connecting end and a first feeding end
  • the first connecting end Connected to the first connecting section
  • the second body includes a second connecting end and a second feeding end
  • the second connecting end is connected to the second connecting section
  • the first feeding end and the The second feeding ends are arranged oppositely and a gap is formed between the two
  • the feeding stubs are connected to the first feeding end
  • the feeding stubs form an enclosing space with an opening facing the second body.
  • the second body extends at least partially into the enclosed space, the second feeding end is located in the enclosed space, the feeding branch and a part of the second body in the enclosed space form a coplanar waveguide structure,
  • the second body is provided with a feeding hole, the feeding hole is used for the first feeding line to pass through, and is electrically connected to the feeding coplanar waveguide structure through the first feeding line to feed the folded antenna Electricity.
  • a trident feed structure is formed by introducing a coplanar waveguide structure on the half-wave radiator (ie, the second radiating section) on the feed side of the folded antenna.
  • the antenna excitation is realized in an orthogonal layout, that is, the feed line (which can be a radio frequency coaxial line) is perpendicular to the plane where the folded antenna is located. Feed the folded antenna through the via hole on the dielectric board.
  • the outer conductor of the feed line passes through the via hole and is directly connected to the radiating arm where the via hole is located.
  • the conductor is connected with the second body, and the outer conductor and the second body can be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • the inner conductor and the insulating medium of the feeder line pass through the feed hole and bend, and the inner conductor is electrically connected with the first body.
  • the inner conductor and the first body can also be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • the insulating medium functions to isolate the inner conductor from the second body, reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the dipole antenna includes a high-frequency radiation unit and a low-frequency radiation unit, the main radiation parts of the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit both extend in the second direction, and the dipole antenna has an overall shape
  • the rectangle is arranged with the long sides of the rectangle in the second direction.
  • the coupling structure is connected to the low-frequency radiation unit, the working frequency of the low-frequency radiation unit is the second frequency band, the working frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit is the third frequency band and the fourth frequency band, and the fourth frequency band Higher than the third frequency band, and the third frequency band is higher than the second frequency band.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit has a wide frequency band range, such as 5.1GHz-7GHz.
  • the frequency bands can be selected as a working frequency band according to the needs of different application scenarios.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit can perform The third and fourth frequency bands with different radiation functions.
  • the dipole antenna forms a three-frequency vertically polarized antenna architecture.
  • the three frequency bands are: the second frequency band is 2.4GHz-2.5GHz, the third frequency band is 5.1GHz-5.9GHz, and the fourth frequency band is Sub7G: 6-7GHz. .
  • the dipole antenna includes a feed port
  • the folded antenna also includes a feed port
  • the polarization of the dipole antenna and the folded antenna are orthogonal.
  • the antenna provided in this application is a quad-band dual-polarization dual-fed antenna architecture.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit has an axisymmetric structure, and its symmetry axis is a central axis, and the number of the coupling structures is two, and they are respectively on both sides of the central axis. Specifically, the extending direction of the central axis is the second direction.
  • the central axis is collinear with the center line of the symmetry center of the first radiating section in the folded antenna.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the low-frequency radiation unit, the central axis is also the symmetry axis of the high-frequency radiation unit, and the main radiator of the folded antenna It includes a first radiating section and a second radiating section that are relatively spaced apart, and the folded antenna further includes a foldable antenna connected between the first radiating section and the second radiating section and connected to the first radiating section and the second radiating section.
  • the second radiating section jointly constitutes the first connecting section and the second connecting section of the ring structure. In the second frequency band, the first connecting section and the second connecting section participate in the radiation of the low-frequency radiating unit, In the second direction, the high-frequency radiation unit is arranged directly opposite to the first connecting section and the second connecting section.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit includes a low-frequency upper radiator and a low-frequency lower radiator.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit includes a high-frequency upper radiator and a high-frequency lower radiator.
  • the high-frequency upper radiator is distributed on the low-frequency upper radiator.
  • the high-frequency lower radiator is distributed on both sides of the low-frequency radiator, the high-frequency lower radiator and the low-frequency lower radiator constitute the lower branch, and the high-frequency upper radiator and the low-frequency upper radiator constitute the upper branch.
  • the branch is located between the folded antenna and the lower branch.
  • a gap is formed between the upper branch and the lower branch.
  • the feed port of the dipole antenna is located in the gap between the upper branch and the lower branch, and is located at low frequency radiation.
  • the high-frequency radiating unit is distributed on both sides of the low-frequency radiating unit to minimize the impact between the two. Since the size of the radiating arm of the low-frequency radiating unit is large, the low-frequency radiating unit is chosen to pass through due to the miniaturization design.
  • the coupling structure is connected to the folded antenna, and the folded antenna partially participates in the radiation of the low-frequency radiating unit, that is, the partially folded antenna and the low-frequency radiating unit jointly complete the radiation work of the second frequency band.
  • the low-frequency upper radiator includes two transmission lines arranged side by side and extending in the second direction.
  • the two transmission lines are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis of the low-frequency radiating unit.
  • the two transmission lines are close to one end of the folded antenna and the coupling structure.
  • the second coupling line is connected, and the ends of the two transmission lines away from the folded antenna are connected by the upper connecting line, and the upper connecting line extends in the first direction, that is, the upper connecting line vertically connects the two transmission lines.
  • the low-frequency radiator includes two transmission lines arranged side by side and extending in the second direction, and the two transmission lines of the low-frequency radiator are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis of the low-frequency radiating unit.
  • the two transmission lines of the low-frequency radiator and the two transmission lines of the low-frequency radiator may be arranged collinearly in one-to-one correspondence in the second direction.
  • the dimension in the first direction is the width of the transmission line of the first radiation unit.
  • the width of the transmission line of the low-frequency radiator can be the same as the width of the low-frequency radiator.
  • the width of can also be greater than the width of the radiator at low frequencies.
  • the end of the two transmission lines of the low-frequency lower radiator close to the upper branch is connected by a lower connecting line, the lower connecting line extends in the first direction, and the lower connecting line vertically connects the two transmission lines of the low-frequency lower radiator, and the lower connecting line is parallel to the upper connecting line.
  • the upper and lower connecting wires form a gap, and the feed port of the dipole antenna is located between the upper and lower connecting wires and on the central axis of the low-frequency radiating unit.
  • the low-frequency radiator can be an integrated structure, that is, the low-frequency radiator includes a wider radiating stub, which is equivalent to the interconnection between the two transmission lines in the foregoing implementation.
  • the low-frequency radiator may also be a symmetrical structure with the center axis of the low-frequency radiating unit as the center of symmetry, for example, the low-frequency radiator has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the end of the radiator at low frequencies away from the radiator on the low frequency can be bent and extended.
  • the extension stubs of the low-frequency radiator are arranged in pairs on both sides of the central axis of the low-frequency radiation unit, and the extension stubs are distributed on both sides of the structure of two parallel transmission lines, or integrated wider radiation On both sides of the ramifications of the architecture.
  • the extension stub is used to improve the physical size of the antenna, which can reduce the overall size of the antenna under the premise of meeting the resonant frequency, which is beneficial to the design of the antenna miniaturization.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit includes a high-frequency upper radiator and a high-frequency lower radiator.
  • the high-frequency upper radiator includes two transmission lines whose extension directions are both in the second direction, and the two transmission lines are symmetrically distributed in On both sides of the low-frequency radiator, and the ends of the two transmission lines of the high-frequency radiator close to the folded antenna are facing the first and second connecting sections of the folded antenna respectively, and the two transmission lines of the high-frequency radiator are far away
  • One end of the folded antenna is connected by an upper connecting wire, and the upper connecting wire vertically connects the two transmission lines of the high-frequency upper radiator and the two transmission lines of the low-frequency upper radiator at the same time.
  • the high-frequency radiator includes two transmission lines arranged in parallel and extending in the second direction, and the two transmission lines of the high-frequency radiator are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the low-frequency radiator.
  • the two transmission lines of the high-frequency radiator and the two transmission lines of the high-frequency radiator may be arranged collinearly in one-to-one correspondence in the second direction.
  • the ends of the two transmission lines of the high-frequency lower radiator close to the upper branch are connected by a lower connecting line, and the lower connecting line simultaneously connects the end points of the two transmission lines of the high-frequency lower radiator and one end of the low-frequency lower radiator in the first direction.
  • the extended branch of the radiator at low frequency is located on the side of the radiator at high frequency away from the upper branch. That is, the extension branch of the radiator at low frequency occupies the idle space on the side of the radiator at high frequency, which is far from the upper branch. While changing the physical size of the radiator at low frequency, the overall size of the antenna is not changed, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna. .
  • the dipole antenna has high-frequency and low-frequency characteristics.
  • the polarization of the dipole antenna and the folded antenna are orthogonal, reducing The interaction between the dipole antenna and the folded antenna under different working frequency bands is discussed.
  • the present application provides an antenna module, including a first feeder line, a second feeder line, and any one of the antennas described above.
  • the first feeder line is electrically connected to the folded antenna
  • the second feeder line is electrically connected to the dipole antenna.
  • the folded antenna is excited by the first feeder to produce horizontal polarization
  • the dipole antenna is excited by the second feeder to produce vertical polarization, forming a four-frequency dual-polarized antenna.
  • the antenna is located in a first plane, the first feeder line is perpendicular to the first plane, and the second feeder line shown is parallel to the first plane.
  • There is current passing through the first feeder and the second feeder which will inevitably lead to the presence of electromagnetic fields around the feeder.
  • the choice of orthogonal design makes the induction fields around the first and second feeders also orthogonal, and the mutual influence between the induction fields is minimized.
  • the transmission efficiency is the highest.
  • the antenna is a microstrip line structure arranged on a dielectric plate.
  • the first feeder line includes a first outer conductor, a first inner conductor, and a first dielectric insulating part.
  • the first feeder line passes through the via hole on the dielectric plate, and the first outer conductor is electrically connected to the second body of the second radiating section of the folded antenna ,
  • the first dielectric insulating portion and the first inner conductor pass through the via hole on the dielectric plate and are bent, and the first inner conductor is electrically connected to the first body of the second radiating section of the folded antenna, that is, between the first body and the second body
  • the main body is respectively provided with a first feeding point and a second feeding point.
  • the first outer conductor of the first feeding line and the second feeding point are welded, fixed and electrically connected, and the first inner conductor of the first feeding line is bent and extended and connected to the
  • the first feeding point on a main body is welded and fixed and electrically connected, and the first dielectric insulating portion wraps the first inner conductor to ensure insulation and isolation between the first inner conductor and the second main body.
  • the second feeder line includes a second outer conductor, a second inner conductor, and a second dielectric insulating part.
  • the second outer conductor and the second inner conductor are attached to the first plane to be arranged.
  • the second outer conductor is connected to the third feeder of the dipole antenna. Electric point connection, the second dielectric insulating part is led out from the third feeding point, the second inner conductor is connected to the fourth feeding point of the dipole antenna, and the second dielectric insulating part wraps the second inner conductor to ensure the second Insulation isolation between the inner conductor and the radiator where the third feeding point is located.
  • the third feeding point and the fourth feeding point are respectively set at the lower branch and the upper branch of the dipole antenna, and there is a gap between the upper branch and the lower branch, and the upper branch is located in the folded antenna Between the lower branch and the third feed point and the fourth feed point are located on the central axis of the dipole antenna.
  • the present application provides a wireless network device, including a feeder network and any of the above-mentioned antenna modules, the feeder network is connected to the first feeder line and the second feeder line of the antenna module to realize a folded antenna and a dipole Sub-antenna excitation.
  • Fig. 1 is an application scenario diagram of a wireless network device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an implementation manner of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a folded antenna in the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the third connecting section in the folded antenna of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an implementation manner of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an implementation manner of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an implementation manner of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a folded antenna feed structure in an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, which includes a dipole antenna feed structure
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an antenna in a first frequency band state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of the folded antenna in the first frequency band state of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an antenna in a second frequency band state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an antenna in a fourth frequency band state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a curve diagram of return loss of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 17 and 18 are the corresponding antenna radiation patterns of the dipole antenna of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application at 2G and 6G frequencies;
  • FIG. 19 is a corresponding antenna radiation pattern of the folded antenna of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application at a frequency of 6G.
  • a wireless network device 200 provided by the present application the wireless network device 200 may be a WIFI product, and the antenna (not shown in the figure) provided inside has good horizontal omnidirectionality and vertical directivity. It can meet the needs of wireless communication in different home scenarios. Generally, most ordinary households are single-storey, and the coverage requirements of this household for home wireless communication are concentrated in the horizontal and omnidirectional, that is, different rooms in the same floor of the household can be covered by the wireless network device 200. For some duplex or villa-type households, the vertical coverage function of the wireless network must be satisfied to realize wireless communication on different floors. At this time, the wireless network device 200 is required to have good energy concentration and vertical orientation characteristics.
  • the antenna module in the wireless network device 200 includes an antenna 100 arranged on a substrate 140, a first feeder 110 and a second feeder 120 for exciting the antenna 100. And the feeder network 160.
  • the antenna 100 includes a folded antenna 10 and a dipole antenna 20.
  • the signal of the feed network 160 is input, the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 are excited, and the resonance modes of the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 at different frequencies are obtained, and the vertical directional radiation and dipole of the folded antenna 10 are realized.
  • the horizontal omnidirectional radiation of the sub-antenna 20 ensures the horizontal omnidirectional and vertical orientation functions of the wireless network device 200 in different frequency bands.
  • the antenna 100 provided in the present application includes a folded antenna 10, a dipole antenna 20 and a coupling structure 30.
  • a folded antenna is also called a folded dipole antenna. It includes two main radiators. Usually the main radiator is a half-wavelength main dipole and a half-wavelength parasitic dipole close to each other. The main radiators are connected together by a connecting section, and the parasitic dipole induces The obtained current standing wave and voltage standing wave are not only the same distribution as the main vibrator, because the distance is very close, the coupling is tight, the size is also the same, and the phase delay can be ignored, because the main vibrator and the parasitic vibrator are close to each other.
  • the connecting section is very short and hardly participates in radiation.
  • the extension direction of the main radiator of the folded antenna 10 is a first direction A1, the extension direction of the main radiator of the dipole antenna is a second direction A2, the first direction A1 and the second direction A2 Orthogonal.
  • the folded antenna 10 is arranged at one end of the dipole antenna 20, the working frequency of the folded antenna 10 is a first frequency band, and the working frequency of the dipole antenna 20 includes
  • the second frequency band the dipole antenna 20 may be a multi-frequency antenna, such as a three-frequency antenna, which will be described in detail later
  • the first frequency band is higher than the second frequency band
  • the coupling structure 30 is connected to the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20, in the second frequency band, the coupling structure 30 generates resonance, so that the folded antenna 10 participates in the radiation of the dipole antenna 20.
  • the coupling structure 30 has an isolation function.
  • first direction A1 and the second direction A2 can be understood as: as shown in Figure 3, the indicator lines with arrows at both ends are marked as the first direction A1 and the second direction A2, which refer to the extension direction of the straight line. It is not limited to which end of the straight line extends.
  • first direction A1 can be understood as extending to the left along the straight line, or can be understood as extending along the straight line to the right, as long as it is in the direction of the straight line.
  • the present application integrates the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 into one body through the coupling structure 30.
  • the folded antenna 10 can not only perform its own
  • the working frequency band can also participate in the radiation in the second frequency band of the dipole antenna 20, and the radiator of the folded antenna 10 can participate in the radiation of different antennas, and is independent of each other in performance.
  • the extension direction of the main radiator of the folded antenna 10 By setting the extension direction of the main radiator of the folded antenna 10 to the first direction A1, the extension direction of the main radiator of the dipole antenna 20 is the second direction A2, and the first direction A1 is orthogonal to the second direction A2, so that the folded
  • the polarizations of the antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 are orthogonal, so that the polarization separation and space diversity with high isolation between the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 are realized.
  • the antenna 100 provided in the present application has the advantages of both small size and good radiation performance.
  • the main radiator of the folded antenna 10 includes a first radiating section 11 and a second radiating section 12 that are relatively spaced apart, and the folded antenna 10 also includes a first radiating section 11 and a second radiating section 12 connected to each other. Between the two radiating sections 12, and together with the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12, the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 of the ring structure are formed, as shown in FIG. 4, a folded antenna 10 has a rectangular structure as a whole, and the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 constitute a long side.
  • the dipole antenna 20 also has a rectangular structure as a whole, but the long side direction of the dipole antenna 20 is the second direction A2, which is perpendicular to the long side direction of the folded antenna 10.
  • the first connection section 13 and the second connection section 14 extend in the longitudinal direction of the dipole antenna 20. In the second frequency band, the first connection section 13 and the second connection section 14 are used to participate in The radiation of the dipole antenna 20.
  • the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 and the extension direction are the first direction A1
  • the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 are the main radiators of the folded antenna 10.
  • the current distribution of the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 are in the same direction
  • the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 are connected between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 to realize the first radiating section
  • the radiant energy of 11 and the second radiating section 12 are superimposed in phase.
  • the folded antenna 10 is an improved design based on the traditional folded antenna.
  • This application breaks through the limitation that the two radiators of the traditional folded antenna are close to each other.
  • Design. In order to design a miniaturized antenna, on the premise of not affecting the radiation performance of the folded antenna 10, in the first direction A1, the size of the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 is designed as: ⁇ h/4 ⁇ h/3, In both directions, the dimensions of the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 are designed as: ⁇ h/10 ⁇ ⁇ h/2, where ⁇ h is the resonant wavelength of the folded antenna 10.
  • the horizontal length is reduced, and the gap between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 is opened at the same time, so that there is a certain space difference between the two, thereby realizing the effect of a binary array.
  • the folded antenna 10 provided in the present application the first radiating section 11, part of the first connecting section 13 and part of the second connecting section 14 together form a continuous half-wave radiator, that is, the overall structure of the half-wave radiator is non-linear. Instead, the two ends of the straight line have a bent structure.
  • the extension direction of the first radiating section 11 is defined as the first direction A1. It can be understood that the extension trend of the first radiating section 11 is the first direction A1. The direction is simply the first direction A1, and there are no branches that deviate from the first direction A1; the present application does not limit the first radiating section 11 to be linear.
  • the first radiating section 11 may also be non-linear, or increase on the basis of the linear shape. Short stubs, short stubs do not affect its extension trend.
  • the first radiating section 11 can be deformed on the basis of a linear transmission line. For example, refer to FIG.
  • the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 are designed to have regular or irregular wave-shaped transmission line extension structures.
  • the extension trend of the wave-shaped transmission line is the first direction A1 can be understood as: the direction from one end of the wave-shaped transmission line to the other end It is the first direction A1, and the wavy line is viewed as a wider rectangular transmission structure.
  • the overall extension trend is the long side direction of the rectangle, that is, the first direction A1.
  • the radiation capability of the folded antenna 10 can be enhanced by increasing the width of the first radiating section 11 (that is, the size of the first radiating section 11 in the second direction), as shown in the first radiating section in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11
  • the width of 11 is larger than the width of the first radiating section 11 in the embodiments shown in the figures 4 and 7-9.
  • the first connecting section 13 includes a third wire 131, a first wire 132 and a fourth wire 133 connected in sequence.
  • the first trace 132 reciprocally extends along the third direction (the third direction is not marked in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the third direction is the same as the first direction A1, and in other embodiments, the third direction may also be the same as the first direction. A1 forms an included angle), the first trace 132 is used to form a non-radiation inductive load to reduce the size of the folded antenna 10, and the third direction forms an included angle with the second direction A2.
  • the second connecting section 14 includes a fifth wire 141, a second wire 142, and a sixth wire that are sequentially connected between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12.
  • the second wire 142 is a structure that reciprocally extends in the third direction to form a non-radiation inductive load to reduce the size of the folded antenna 10.
  • the fifth line 141 and the third line 131 and the first radiating section 11 are common It constitutes a half-wave radiator.
  • the first wiring 132 and the second wiring 142 are arranged so that the vertical distance between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 is extended.
  • the first radiating section 11 is in the first direction A1.
  • the length (that is, the horizontal length) of the antenna is reduced, so that the horizontal length and the vertical spacing are balanced, and the miniaturized design of the folded antenna 10 is realized.
  • the specific structure of the first wiring 132 is mainly described in detail, and the specific structure of the second wiring 142 may be the same as that of the first wiring 132, and will not be repeated.
  • An accommodating space 101 is formed between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12, and the extending paths of the first wiring 132 and the second wiring 142 are located in the accommodating space 101.
  • the first wiring 132 occupies the accommodating space 101 between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12, and this structure helps to save the space occupied by the antenna 100.
  • the first wiring 132 is arranged corresponding to the edge area of one end of the first radiating section 11, and the second wiring 142 is arranged corresponding to the edge area of the other end of the first radiating section 11.
  • the extension size of the first trace 132 in the first direction A1 does not exceed ⁇ h/4, and ⁇ h is the resonance wavelength of the folded antenna 10.
  • a distance is maintained between the second trace 142 and the first trace 132 to ensure the radiation effect of the folded antenna 10, and the current is mainly concentrated on the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12.
  • the first wiring 132 includes a plurality of parallel first wires 1321, and the adjacent first wires 1321 are connected by a second wire 1322 to form the continuously extending first wires 1321.
  • the extending direction of the first line 1321 may be parallel to the first radiating section 11, or may form an angle with the first radiating section 11.
  • the extending direction of the first line 1321 may be the first direction A1, or may be compared
  • the first direction A1 forms an included angle
  • the second line 1322 may be parallel to the second direction A2, or may form an included angle compared to the second direction A2.
  • the period of the reciprocating extension of the first wiring 132 includes multiple, and the connection line between the end point of the first radiating section 11 and the end point of the second radiating point is the reference position set by the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 (The connection position where the dotted line L is in Figure 4), the first wire 132 extends from this reference position into the containing space, and a period of the first wire 132 extending can be understood as: extending from the reference position to the inside of the containing space , And then return to a reciprocating path on the reference position.
  • the period of the reciprocating extension of the first trace 132 may be one, two or more.
  • the first trace 132 forms a distributed inductance, which has an inductive loading effect in the folded antenna 10.
  • the first trace 132 has a higher inductance value, so that the size of the folded antenna 10 can be reduced relative to the straight structure.
  • the number of cycles of the first straight line extension is different, and the distributed inductance changes. The more cycles the number of cycles can replace the straight line part (this straight line part refers to the direct connection between the end points of the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12).
  • This straight line part refers to the direct connection between the end points of the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12.
  • the more structure the smaller the size of the folded antenna 10, the better resonance radiation can be achieved, and the radiation performance of the folded antenna 10 can be protected.
  • the path extended by the first trace 132 may be regular or irregular. Of course, a regular path design is beneficial to tuning the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the extending path of the first trace 132 may be serpentine, zigzag, or wavy.
  • the third wire 131 and the fourth wire 133 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first wire 132, and the first wire 132 is connected to the first radiating section 11 by the third wire 131, and the first wire
  • the wiring 132 is connected to the second radiating section 12 through the fourth line 133.
  • the third line 131 can be used as an extension of the first radiating section 11 to participate in the radiation of the first radiating section 11.
  • the fourth line 133 can be used as an extension of the second radiating section 12 to participate in the second radiating section 12. In this way, the folded antenna 10 can form a small-sized structure.
  • the extension directions of the third line 131 and the fourth line 133 are both in the second direction, that is, the third line 131 is perpendicularly connected to the first radiating section 11, and the fourth line 133 is connected to the first radiating section 11.
  • the two radiating sections 12 are connected vertically.
  • the third line 131 and the first radiating section 11 may also form an acute or obtuse angle connection.
  • the fourth line 133 and the second radiating section 12 may also form an acute or obtuse angle connection. relation.
  • the first wiring 132 and the second wiring 142 are symmetrically distributed on the center line B1 On both sides.
  • the extension directions of the first wiring 132 and the second wiring 142 are the same and both are in the first direction A1.
  • the extending directions of the first wiring 132 and the second wiring 142 both form an angle with the first direction A1, and the extending directions of the first wiring 132 and the second wiring 142 Symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line B1.
  • the first radiating section 11 is a strip line (such as a wavy line) extending in other shapes, the first radiating section 11 is also symmetrically distributed around the center line B1 to ensure the radiation direction of the folded antenna 10.
  • This application properly separates the two main radiators (that is, the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12) in the second direction through the folded antenna 10, so that the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 are in the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12.
  • the size in the direction A1 is designed to be less than one-half of the wavelength, and a half-wave radiator is constructed by the first radiating section 11, part of the first connecting section 13 and part of the second connecting section 14, forming a bent end of the first radiating section 11
  • the current path can reduce the size of the folded antenna 10 in the first direction A1.
  • inductive loading is formed to reduce the size, and the folded antenna 10 can be realized with front and rear bidirectional wide beam high gain radiation characteristics .
  • the feeding port of the folded antenna 10 is arranged on the second radiator 12.
  • the second radiating section 12 includes a first body 121, a second body 122, and a feeding branch 123.
  • the first body 121 is a linear transmission line and extends along the first direction A1.
  • the first body 121 includes a first connecting end 1211 and The first feeding end 1212, the first connecting end 1211 is connected to the first connecting section 13,
  • the second body 122 includes a second connecting end 1223 and a second feeding end 1224, the second connecting end 1223 is connected to the second connecting section 14.
  • the first feeding end 1212 and the second feeding end 1224 are arranged opposite to each other and a gap is formed between them. Specifically, the gap may be located at the center of the folded antenna 10.
  • the center line B1 passes through this gap.
  • the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 are symmetrically distributed with the center line B1 as the center of symmetry, and the midpoint of the first radiating section 11 is also located on the center line B1.
  • the feeding stub 123 is connected to the first feeding end 1212, the feeding stub 123 forms an enclosing space with an opening facing the second body 122, and the feeding stub 123 includes the first stubs 1231 connected vertically in turn.
  • the second branch 1232 and the third branch 1233, the first branch 1231 and the third branch 1233 are parallel to each other, the second branch 1232 is vertically connected between the first branch 1231 and the third branch 1233, the first body 121
  • the first feeding end 1212 is connected to the midpoint of the second branch 1232.
  • the feeding branch 123 may also have an arc shape, such as a C shape.
  • the second body 122 at least partially extends into the enclosed space, the second feeding end 1224 is located in the enclosed space, the feeding stub 123 and a part of the second body 122 in the enclosed space Form a coplanar waveguide structure.
  • the second body 122 is provided with a feeding hole 1225, the feeding hole 1225 is used for the first feeding line to pass through, and is electrically connected to the feeding coplanar waveguide structure through the first feeding line, To feed the folded antenna 10.
  • the second body 122 includes a first section 1221 and a second section 1222 that are interconnected. The widths of the first section 1221 and the second section 1222 are different. The width refers to the size of the second body 122 in the second direction A2. The width of one section 1221 is greater than the width of the second section 1222, so the feed hole 1225 is arranged on the first section 1221, so that after the first feed line passes through the feed hole 1225, the outer conductor of the first feed line is welded to the first section.
  • the first section 1221 is connected between the second section 1222 and the second connecting section 14, and the second connecting end 1223 is the connecting position between the first section and the second connecting section 14.
  • the second feeding end 1224 is an end of the second section 1222 facing the first body 121.
  • the second feeding end 1224 is located in the enclosed space of the feeding stub 123.
  • the feed hole 1225 is located at a position where the first section 1221 is adjacent to the second section 1222.
  • the edge of the first section 1221 facing the first radiating section 11 and the edge of the second section 1222 facing the first radiating section 11 are collinear.
  • a coplanar waveguide structure is introduced on the half-wave radiator on the feeding side of the folded antenna 10 (ie, the second radiating section 12) to form a trident feeding structure.
  • the antenna excitation is achieved in an orthogonal layout, that is, the feed line (which can be a radio frequency coaxial line) is perpendicular to the plane where the folded antenna 10 is located.
  • the folded antenna 10 is in the form of a microstrip line arranged on a surface of a dielectric plate,
  • the wire passes through the via on the dielectric board to feed the folded antenna 10
  • the outer conductor of the feeder passes through the via and is directly connected to the radiating arm where the via is located, that is, the feeder passes through the feeding on the second body 122 Hole 1225
  • the outer conductor of the feeder is connected to the second body 122, which can be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • the inner conductor and insulating medium of the feeder pass through the feeder hole and bend, and the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first body 121.
  • the inner conductor and the first body 121 can also be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • the insulating medium functions to isolate the inner conductor from the second body 122, reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • a first feeding point D1 and a second feeding point D2 are respectively provided on the first body 121 and the second body 122, and the first outer conductor of the first feeding line and the second feeding point D2 are welded and fixed and electrically connected.
  • the first inner conductor of the first feeder bends and extends and is welded and fixed and electrically connected to the first feed point D1 on the first main body 121.
  • the first dielectric insulating part wraps the first inner conductor to ensure the first inner conductor It is insulated from the second body 122.
  • the dipole antenna 20 includes a high-frequency radiation unit 21 and a low-frequency radiation unit 22, and the main radiation parts of the high-frequency radiation unit 21 and the low-frequency radiation unit 22 both extend in the second direction A2.
  • the dipole antenna 20 is arranged in a rectangle as a whole, and the long side of the rectangle is in the second direction A2.
  • the coupling structure 30 is connected to the low-frequency radiation unit 22, the working frequency of the low-frequency radiation unit 22 is the second frequency band, and the working frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit 21 is the third frequency band and the fourth frequency band, so The fourth frequency band is higher than the third frequency band, and the third frequency band is higher than the second frequency band.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit 21 has a wide frequency band range, such as 5.1GHz-7GHz. In specific application scenarios, you can select some of the frequency bands as a working frequency band according to the requirements of different application scenarios, which can be based on the requirements of different application scenarios. , Select different frequency bands for feeding, so that the high-frequency radiation unit 21 can perform the third frequency band and the fourth frequency band with different radiation functions. In this way, the dipole antenna 20 forms a three-frequency vertically polarized antenna.
  • the three frequency bands are: the second frequency band is 2.4GHz-2.5GHz, the third frequency band is 5.1GHz-5.9GHz, and the fourth frequency band is Sub7G: 6-7GHz. .
  • the dipole antenna 20 includes a feeding port
  • the folded antenna 10 also includes a feeding port
  • the polarization of the dipole antenna 20 and the folded antenna 10 are orthogonal.
  • the antenna provided in this application is a quad-band dual-polarization dual-fed antenna architecture.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 22 has an axisymmetric structure, and its symmetry axis is the central axis B2.
  • the number of the coupling structure 30 is two, and they are respectively on both sides of the central axis B2.
  • the extending direction of the central axis B2 is the second direction A2.
  • the central axis B2 is collinear with the center line B1 of the center of symmetry of the first radiating section 11 in the folded antenna 10.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit 21 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the low-frequency radiation unit 22, and the central axis B2 is also the symmetry axis of the high-frequency radiation unit 21.
  • the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 participate in the radiation of the low-frequency radiating unit 22, and in the second direction A2, the high-frequency radiating unit 21 and The first connection section 13 and the second connection section 14 are arranged directly opposite to each other.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 22 includes a low-frequency upper radiator 221 and a low-frequency lower radiator 222
  • the high-frequency radiation unit 21 includes a high-frequency upper radiator 211 and a high-frequency lower radiator 212.
  • the upper frequency radiator 211 is distributed on both sides of the low frequency upper radiator 221
  • the high frequency lower radiator 212 is distributed on both sides of the low frequency lower radiator 222
  • the high frequency lower radiator 212 and the low frequency lower radiator 222 constitute the lower branch.
  • the high-frequency upper radiator 211 and the low-frequency upper radiator 221 constitute an upper branch.
  • the upper branch is located between the folded antenna 10 and the lower branch.
  • a gap is formed between the upper branch and the lower branch.
  • the feed of the dipole antenna 20 The electrical port is located at a position between the upper branch and the lower branch, and is located on the central axis of the low-frequency radiation unit 22. Specifically, the high-frequency radiation unit 21 is distributed on both sides of the low-frequency radiation unit 22 to minimize the impact between the two. Since the size of the radiation arm of the low-frequency radiation unit 22 is large, the low-frequency The radiating unit 22 is connected to the folded antenna 10 through the coupling structure 30, and the folded antenna 10 partially participates in the radiation of the low-frequency radiating unit 22, that is, the partially folded antenna 10 and the low-frequency radiating unit 22 jointly complete the radiation work of the second frequency band.
  • the low-frequency upper radiator 221 includes two parallel transmission lines 2211, 2212 extending in the second direction A2.
  • the two transmission lines 2211, 2212 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis B2 of the low-frequency radiating unit 22
  • the ends of the two transmission lines 2211, 2212 close to the folded antenna 10 are connected to the coupling structure 30, and the ends of the two transmission lines 2211, 2212 far away from the folded antenna 10 are connected by an upper connecting line 23, and the upper connecting line 23 is in the first direction A1 Extension, that is, the upper connecting line 23 vertically connects the two transmission lines 2211, 2212.
  • the low-frequency radiator 222 includes two parallel transmission lines 2221, 2222 that extend in the second direction A2.
  • the two transmission lines 2221, 2222 of the low-frequency radiator 222 are symmetrically distributed in the low-frequency radiation. Both sides of the central axis B2 of the unit 22.
  • the two transmission lines 2221, 2222 of the low-frequency lower radiator 222 and the two transmission lines 2211, 2212 of the low-frequency upper radiator 221 may be arranged collinearly in a one-to-one correspondence in the second direction A2.
  • the size in the first direction A1 is the width of the transmission line of the low-frequency radiation unit.
  • the width of the transmission line 2221 and 2222 of the low-frequency radiator 222 may be the same as the transmission line of the low-frequency upper radiator 221.
  • the widths of 2211 and 2212 are the same, and the widths of the transmission lines 2221 and 2222 of the low-frequency radiator 222 may also be greater than the widths of the transmission lines 2211 and 2212 of the low-frequency radiator 221.
  • the two transmission lines 2221 of the low-frequency lower radiator 222, and the end of the 2222 close to the upper branch is connected by the lower connecting wire 24, the lower connecting wire 24 extends in the first direction A1, and the lower connecting wire 24 vertically connects the two low-frequency lower radiators 222.
  • the lower connecting line 24 is parallel to the upper connecting line 23, and a gap is formed between the upper and lower connecting lines 23, 24, and the feed port of the dipole antenna 20 is located between the upper and lower connecting lines 23, 24 It is located on the central axis B1 of the low-frequency radiation unit 22.
  • the low-frequency radiator 222 can be an integrated structure, as shown in FIG. 8, that is, the low-frequency radiator 222 includes a wider radiation branch, which is equivalent to the realization of In this way, the two transmission lines 2221 and 2222 are interconnected into an integrated structure.
  • the low-frequency radiator 222 may also be a symmetrical structure with the center axis B2 of the low-frequency radiating unit 22 as the center of symmetry.
  • the low-frequency radiator 222 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • extension branches 223 can be provided with bending extension.
  • the extension branches 223 of the low-frequency radiator 222 are arranged in pairs on both sides of the central axis B2 of the low-frequency radiating unit 22, and the extension branches 223 are distributed on the low-frequency radiator. 222 on both sides.
  • the extension stub 223 is used to improve the physical size of the antenna 100, and can reduce the overall size of the antenna 100 under the premise of meeting the resonant frequency, which is beneficial to the miniaturized design of the antenna 100.
  • the extension branch 223 includes a first extension line 2231 and a second extension line 2232.
  • the width of the first extension line 2231 is smaller than the width of the second extension line 2232.
  • the first extension line 2231 is connected to the second extension line 2232 and the low frequency Between the lower radiators 222, their width refers to the size in the first direction A1.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit 21 includes a high-frequency upper radiator 211 and a high-frequency lower radiator 212.
  • the high-frequency upper radiator 211 includes two extending directions in the second direction.
  • the two transmission lines 2111, 2112 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the low-frequency upper radiator 221, and the two transmission lines 2111 and 2112 of the high-frequency upper radiator 211 are opposite to each other near the folded antenna 10
  • the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 of the folded antenna 10 and the two transmission lines 2111, 2112 of the high-frequency upper radiator 211 are connected at one end away from the folded antenna 10 by the upper connecting wire 23, and the upper connecting wire 23 is connected vertically at the same time.
  • the high-frequency radiator 212 includes two parallel transmission lines 2121, 2122 that extend in the second direction.
  • the two transmission lines 2121, 2122 of the high-frequency radiator 212 are symmetrically distributed at the low frequency. Both sides of the lower radiator 222.
  • the two transmission lines 2121, 2122 of the high-frequency radiator 212 and the two transmission lines 2111, 2112 of the high-frequency radiator 211 may be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence in the second direction.
  • the two transmission lines 2121, 2122 of the high-frequency lower radiator 212 are connected at one end close to the upper branch through the lower connecting line 24, and the lower connecting line 24 is simultaneously connected to the two transmission lines 2121 of the high-frequency lower radiator 212 in the first direction A1.
  • the end of 2122 and one end of the radiator 222 at low frequency.
  • the extended branch 223 of the low-frequency radiator 222 is located on the side of the high-frequency lower radiator 212 away from the upper branch. That is, the extension branch 223 of the low-frequency radiator 222 occupies the idle space on the side of the high-frequency radiator 212 away from the upper branch. While changing the physical size of the low-frequency radiator 222, the overall size of the antenna is not changed, which is beneficial to the antenna. Miniaturized setting.
  • the feeding structure of the folded antenna 10 is specifically as follows: referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the folded antenna 10 includes two feeding points, both of which are located on the second radiating section 12, and the two feeding points are respectively arranged on the first body 121 The first feeding point D1 of the, and the second feeding point D2 provided on the second body 122. 10, the folded antenna 10 is fed through a first feeder line 110.
  • the first feeder line 110 includes a first outer conductor 111, a first dielectric insulating portion 112, and a first inner conductor 113.
  • the first feeder line 110 passes through the Via holes, ie, feed holes 1225 (see FIG.
  • the first outer conductor 111 is electrically connected to the second feed point D2, and the electrical connection between the two can be achieved by welding.
  • the first dielectric insulating portion 112 and the first inner conductor 113 pass through the feed hole 1225 and are bent.
  • the first inner conductor 113 is bent and extends to be electrically connected to the first body 121 of the second radiating section 12 of the folded antenna 10.
  • An inner conductor 113 is electrically connected to the first feeding point D1, and the first dielectric insulating portion 112 wraps the first inner conductor 113 to ensure insulation and isolation between the first inner conductor 113 and the second body 122.
  • the feeding structure of the dipole antenna 20 is specifically as follows: referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the dipole antenna 20 includes two feeding points, a third feeding point D3 and a fourth feeding point D4, respectively.
  • the two feeding points of the dipole antenna 20 are respectively located on the upper connecting line 23 and the lower connecting line 24.
  • the fourth feeding point D4 is located on the central axis B2 of the upper connecting line 23 and the dipole antenna 20.
  • the third feeding point D3 is located at the intersection of the lower connecting line 24 and the central axis B2 of the dipole antenna 20.
  • the dipole antenna 20 is fed through the second feeder line 120.
  • the second feeder line 120 may be a coaxial cable for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals between the feeder network and the dipole antenna 20.
  • the second feeder 120 includes a second outer conductor 121, a second inner conductor 123 and a second dielectric insulating portion 122.
  • the dipole antenna 20 may be in the form of a microstrip line arranged on a dielectric plate, the dipole antenna 20 is arranged on a first plane, and the first plane may be the surface of the dielectric plate.
  • the dipole antenna 20 and The second feeder 120 may be located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate, or may be located on the front and back sides.
  • the second feeder 120 may be passed through the via hole on the dielectric board to be electrically connected to the feed point of the dipole antenna 20. connect.
  • the second feeder line 120 can be attached to the first plane.
  • the second feeder line 120 extends along the second direction A2 on the first plane, from the end of the lower branch of the dipole antenna 20 away from the upper branch toward the upper branch.
  • the section extends. Specifically, the second feeder 120 extends along the central axis B2 of the low-frequency radiation unit 22.
  • the second outer conductor 121 is electrically connected to the third feeding point D3, the second dielectric insulating portion 122 serves as an insulator between the second inner conductor 123 and the second outer conductor 121, and the second dielectric insulating portion 122 extends out of the second outer conductor 121 extends into the gap between the upper connecting wire 23 and the lower connecting wire 24, the second inner conductor 123 extends out of the second dielectric insulating portion 122, and is electrically connected to the fourth feeding point D4 of the dipole antenna 20.
  • first feeder 110 and the second feeder 120 current flows through the first feeder 110 and the second feeder 120, which will inevitably cause electromagnetic fields around the feeder.
  • the orthogonal design of the first feeder 110 and the second feeder 120 aims to make the first feeder 110 and the second feeder
  • the induction fields around 120 are orthogonal, so that the mutual influence between the induction fields is the smallest and the transmission efficiency is the highest.
  • the dipole antenna 20 has high-frequency characteristics and low-frequency characteristics.
  • the dipole antenna 20 and the folded antenna 10 are realized.
  • the polarization is orthogonal, which reduces the mutual influence of the dipole antenna 20 and the folded antenna 10 in different operating frequency bands.
  • a coupling structure 30 is provided between the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20.
  • the coupling structure 30 can selectively pass electromagnetic waves of a fixed frequency band.
  • the low-frequency radiator of the dipole antenna 20 When working in the second frequency band, the coupling structure 30 generates resonance, allowing current to pass, so that the folded antenna 10 participates in the radiation of the low-frequency radiation unit 22 of the dipole antenna 20.
  • the coupling The structure 30 blocks the passage of electric current.
  • the coupling structure 30 has the function of passing low frequencies and blocking high frequencies.
  • the specific form of the coupling structure 30 is as follows.
  • the coupling structure 30 includes a first coupling line 31 and a second coupling line 32, and the first coupling line 31 is connected to the folded antenna 10.
  • the second coupling line 32 is connected to the dipole antenna 20, and a gap is formed between the first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32, and forms a series equivalent inductance and capacitance.
  • the electromagnetic coupling between a coupling line 31 and a second coupling line 32 connects the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 together to form an integrated antenna structure.
  • the first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 are linear, and the extending directions of the first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 are both in the second direction A2.
  • part of the first coupling line A coupling line 31 and a part of the second coupling line 32 are stacked and arranged to form a gap.
  • the first coupling line 31 is perpendicular to the main radiator of the folded antenna 10.
  • the first coupling line 31 is perpendicular to the second radiating section 12, and the second coupling line 32 is parallel to the first coupling line. Line 31.
  • the gaps between the first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 are equidistantly distributed, which facilitates tuning of the resonance frequency.
  • the number of the second coupling lines 32 is two, and the two second coupling lines 32 are arranged in parallel on both sides of the first coupling line 31.
  • a space is formed between the low-frequency radiation unit 221 of the dipole antenna 20 and the folded antenna 10, and the coupling structure 30 is arranged in the space.
  • the two second coupling lines 32 form two parallel capacitor structures on both sides of the first coupling line 31 to form a structure similar to a coplanar waveguide.
  • the coupling coefficient is increased through double gaps to achieve tuning frequency. This structure can reduce the reduction
  • the distance between the antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20, that is, the length of the coupled strip line in the second direction can be reduced, which is beneficial to the design of the overall small size of the antenna.
  • first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 may also have bent and extended portions.
  • first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 are designed as L-shaped or arc-shaped structures, as long as it is guaranteed A gap is formed between the two to form an equivalent capacitance and inductance in series.
  • the length and width of the first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 and the gap between the two can be adjusted according to the requirements of different operating frequencies and bandwidths, or the first coupling line 31 and the gap between the two can be adjusted.
  • the extended shape of the second coupling line 32 adjusts the resonance frequency.
  • the distributed inductance and capacitance formed by the first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 form resonance, so that the impedance of the series circuit is small, and it is approximately a straight-through connection.
  • the series circuit formed by the first coupling line 31 and the second coupling line 32 is in a non-resonant state, presents a high impedance characteristic, and has a nearly disconnected effect.
  • two coupling lines form a series inductance capacitor circuit, which can realize the effect of passing low frequency and blocking high frequency.
  • the coupling structure 30 provided in this application is connected between the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20, and has a simple structure. The advantage of saving space is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna design.
  • the folded antenna 10 works in the first frequency band state, that is, Sub7G: 6-7GHz.
  • the current distribution of the antenna is shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, and the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure. Is the distribution and direction of the current.
  • Fig. 12 can clearly see that very little current flows into the dipole antenna 20.
  • Fig. 13 is a screenshot of Fig. 12.
  • Fig. 13 mainly expresses the current distribution on the folded antenna 10, especially in Fig. 13
  • the current distribution on the second radiator section 12 is the same as the current distribution on the first radiator section 11 because the first radiator section 11 and the second radiator section 12 form an energy superposition.
  • the coupling structure 30 When the antenna of the present application works in the first frequency band, the coupling structure 30 has high impedance characteristics, so that the current is concentrated on the folded antenna 10, and the current distributed on the dipole antenna 20 is very small.
  • the coupling structure 30 is on the dipole antenna 20. It forms an isolation effect with the folded antenna 10.
  • the current distribution on the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 are both in a horizontal state, in the direction of the arrow from right to left shown in the figure, and the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 are partly involved Radiation, the upper half of the current flows upwards to the first radiating section 11 from the position where the fifth line 141 of the second connecting section 14 is connected to the second wiring 142, and flows to the left of the first connecting section 13 along the first radiating section 11
  • the third line 131 flows along the third line 131 to the first trace 132; the lower half of the current flows from the position where the sixth line of the second connecting section 14 is connected with the second trace 142 downwards to the second radiating section 12, It then flows leftward along the second radiating section 12 to the fourth line 133 of the first connecting section 13, and then flows upwardly along the fourth line 133 to the first wiring 132.
  • the center position of the first wire 132 and the second wire 142 in the second direction is the current zero point.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 22 of the dipole antenna 20 works.
  • the current distribution of the antenna is shown in Figure 14.
  • the coupling structure 30 forms resonance, which makes the impedance of the series circuit small, which is approximately a straight-through connection.
  • the folded antenna 10 participates in the operation of the low-frequency radiation unit 22.
  • the direction of current flow is the second direction.
  • the direction indicated by the arrow on the left in FIG. 14 is the distribution and direction of the current.
  • the current flows from the end of the low-frequency radiating unit 22 away from the folded antenna 10 to the end of the folded antenna 10 away from the low-frequency radiating unit 22. That is, the current flows from the bottom end to the top end of the antenna, and directly passes through the coupling structure 30 in the middle.
  • the current distribution of the antenna is shown in Figure 15.
  • the current is mainly distributed in the dipole antenna 20
  • the high-frequency radiation unit 21 as indicated by the arrow on the right in FIG. 15 is the current distribution and direction.
  • the coupling structure 30 has high impedance characteristics at this time, so that the current is concentrated on the high-frequency radiation unit 21, and the current flows in the second direction, from the end of the high-frequency radiation unit 21 close to the folded antenna 10 to the high-frequency radiation unit 21 away from the folded antenna 10 One end.
  • the coupling structure 30 forms an isolation effect between the dipole antenna 20 and the folded antenna 10.
  • Figure 16 is the return loss curve of the antenna used in the WIFI product provided by this application.
  • S11 reflects the 20-port characteristics of the dipole antenna. From the above, it can be seen that it covers the three frequency ranges of 2G, 5G and 6G.
  • S22 reflects the port characteristics of the folded antenna 10, which alone covers the 6G frequency band.
  • S1, 2 reflect the isolation between the two ports of the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20. The lower the value, the smaller the influence of the two. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation in the WiFi frequency band is greater than -30dB.
  • the antenna provided in this application covers three frequency bands, for example: 2G, 5G, and 6G.
  • the antenna includes two antenna feed ports, which can realize the output of four frequency bands, namely 2G, 5G, 6G, and 6G, which are converted into
  • the polarization of the antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 are orthogonal, because the antenna provided in this application is a quad-band dual-polarized antenna. It can be seen from the figure that the radiator of the folded antenna 10 has very good broadband characteristics, and the frequency covers 6GHz-7.8GHz, and the radiator of the dipole antenna 20 has three frequency band characteristics covering 2.4G, 5G and 6G.
  • Figures 17 and 18 show the corresponding antenna radiation patterns of the dipole antenna 20 at 2G and 6G frequencies.
  • FIG. 19 shows the corresponding antenna radiation pattern of the folded antenna 10 at a frequency of 6G. It can be seen that the horizontally polarized radiator of the folded antenna 10 has front and rear bidirectional wide beam high gain radiation characteristics, and the dipole antenna 20 has omnidirectional radiation performance.
  • the antenna provided in the present application has the advantage of small size on the premise that the radiation performance of the folded antenna 10 and the dipole antenna 20 is satisfied.
  • the total length of the antenna is ⁇ L/2, and ⁇ L is the resonance wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 22 of the dipole antenna 20; in the first direction A1, the total length of the antenna is less than ⁇ h /2, ⁇ h is the resonant wavelength of the folded antenna 10.
  • the total length of the antenna is ⁇ h/4 ⁇ ⁇ h/3.
  • the size of the folded antenna 10 in the second direction A2 is ⁇ h/10 ⁇ ⁇ h/2.
  • the antenna provided in this application is not limited to the form of a microstrip line printed on a dielectric board, and can also be a metal structure, or a combination of a microstrip line and a metal structure.
  • the folded antenna 10 is a metal structure
  • the dipole antenna 20 is a printed circuit.
  • the coupling combination can be a microstrip line structure, and the coupling structure 30 and the folded antenna 10 can be fixed by welding, or conductively connected by metal shrapnel.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种天线，包括折合天线、偶极子天线和耦合结构，折合天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第一方向，偶极子天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第二方向，第一方向和第二方向正交，在第二方向上，折合天线设置在偶极子天线的一端，折合天线的工作频率为第一频段，偶极子天线的工作频率包括第二频段，第一频段高于第二频段，耦合结构连接在所述折合天线与所述偶极子天线之间，在第二频段下，耦合结构产生谐振，使得折合天线参与偶极子天线的辐射，在第一频段下，耦合结构具隔离功能。本申请实现了天线在多频段下的水平全向辐射和垂直定向辐射，且具小尺寸优势。本申请还提供一种天线模组和无线网络设备。

Description

天线、天线模组及无线网络设备
本申请要求于2020年3月24日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010215335.0、发明名称为“天线、天线模组及无线网络设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种天线、天线模组及无线网络设备。
背景技术
家庭网络无线通信产品规格从2＊2、4＊4到8＊8发展速度非常快，频段也从2G、5G发展到6G，甚至在毫米波频段不断扩充，但受限于产品外观设计以及用户习惯和场景限制，家庭网络的无线设备体积不可能无限增大，因此如何在现有产品空间条件下实现高规格设计，实现内置集成更多的高性能天线且彼此影响小就成为了非常急迫的设计需求，特别是即将到来的6G频段新需求，对于N＊N的MIMO设计意味着天线及射频通道数量增加N个，如何将新的N个独立频段布放到现有模组中，保证较好的6G覆盖，同时不恶化已有2/5G的WiFi性能，成为产品面向WiFi6技术形成技术竞争力需要完成的挑战。如何在现有环境下采用新技术或者新架构减小天线尺寸或数量、增加天线工作频段，从而实现规格上的升级，保证不同频率下高性能的WiFi覆盖能力，成为天线工程人员迫在眉睫的思考。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术多频天线在集成过程中辐射性能的降低，本申请提供一种天线，用以实现天线在多频段下的水平全向辐射和垂直定向辐射。
第一方面，本申请提供一种天线，包括折合天线、偶极子天线和耦合结构，所述折合天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第一方向，所述偶极子天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第二方向，所述第一方向和所述第二方向正交，在所述第二方向上，所述折合天线设置在所述偶极子天线的一端，所述折合天线的工作频率为第一频段，所述偶极子天线的工作频率包括第二频段，所述第一频段高于所述第二频段，所述耦合结构连接在所述折合天线与所述偶极子天线之间，在所述第二频段下，所述耦合结构产生谐振，使得所述折合天线参与所述偶极子天线的辐射，在所述第一频段下，所述耦合结构具隔离功能。
折合天线又称为折合振子天线，包括两个主辐射体，通常主辐射体为半波长的主振子和半波长的寄生振子相互靠近，主辐射体之间通过连接段连接在一起，寄生振子感应得到的电流驻波和电压驻波和主振子的不但分布相同，由于距离靠得很近，耦合很紧，大小也相同，而且相位延迟可以忽略，由于主振子和寄生振子相靠近，它们之间的连接段很短，几乎不参与辐射。
本申请通过耦合结构将折合天线和偶极子天线集成为一体，通过耦合结构在第一频段下隔离效果及在第二频段下的直通效果，使得折合天线不仅可以执行自己的工作频段，还可以参与偶极子天线第二频段下的辐射，折合天线的辐射体可以参与不同天线的辐射，且性能上彼此独立。通过设置折合天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第一方向，偶极子天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第二方向，第一方向与第二方向正交，使得折合天线和偶极子天线的极化正交， 实现了折合天线和偶极子天线之间高隔离度的极化分离和空间分集。本申请提供的天线兼具小尺寸和辐射性能好的优势。
具体而言，本申请提供的天线应用在无线网络设备，例如WIFI产品中，其中，折合天线为具有水平极化的半波折合天线，第一频段为高频，覆盖6GHz－7.8GHz。偶极子天线为垂直极化，包括高频辐射体和低频辐射体，偶极子天线可以覆盖三种不同的频段范围，例如：2.4GH，5G和6G。第二频段为低频辐射体的工作频率范围。折合天线具有定向辐射特性，偶极子天线具有全向辐射特性。本申请将折合天线和偶极子天线集成为一体化的架构具有小尺寸高性能的优势。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述耦合结构包括第一耦合线和第二耦合线，所述第一耦合线连接至所述折合天线，所述第二耦合线连接至所述偶极子天线，所述第一耦合线和所述第二耦合线之间形成间隙，且构成串联的等效电感和电容，通过第一耦合线和第二耦合线之间的电磁耦合作用将折合天线和偶极子天线连接在一起，形成一体化的天线架构。
天线工作在第二频段时，第一耦合线和第二耦合线形成的分布电感与电容形成谐振，使得串联电路的阻抗小，近似直通连接。当天线工作在第一频段时，第一耦合线和第二耦合线形成的串联电路为非谐振状态，呈现高阻抗特性，近似断开的效果。本实施方式通过两条耦合线形成串联的电感电容电路，即可实现通低频阻高频的作用，本申请提供的耦合结构连接于折合天线和偶极子天线之间，具有结构简单节约空间的优势，有利于天线小型化的设计。
具体调试过程中，可以根据不同的工作频率和带宽的要求，调节第一耦合线和第二耦合线的长度、宽度及二者之间的间隙，也可以通过调节第一耦合线和第二耦合线的延伸的形状进行调节谐振频率。
一种可能的实施方式中，第一耦合线和第二耦合线呈直线状，第一耦合线和第二耦合线的延伸方向均为第二方向，在第一方向上，部分第一耦合线和部分第二耦合线层叠设置，且形成间隙。第一耦合线和第二耦合线可以平行设置，即二者之间的间隙为等距离分布，这样方便调谐谐振频率。
具体而言，所述第一耦合线垂直于所述折合天线的主辐射体，所述第二耦合线平行于所述第一耦合线。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述第二耦合线的数量为两个，两个所述第二耦合线平行设置布在所述第一耦合线的两侧。具体而言，偶极子天线的主辐射体从第一端沿着第二方向延伸至第二端，第一端邻近折合天线，第二端远离折合天线。第一端与折合天线之间形成间隔空间，耦合结构设置在此间隔空间内。两条第二耦合线在第一耦合线的两侧形成两个并联的电容结构，形成类似共面波导的结构，通过双间隙增加耦合系数，从而实现调谐频率，这种架构可以缩小折合天线和偶极子天线之间的距离，即可以减小第二方向上的耦合带线的长度，有利于天线整体小尺寸的设计。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述折合天线的主辐射体包括相对间隔设置的第一辐射段和第二辐射段，所述折合天线还包括连接在所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间，且与所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段共同构成环状架构的第一连接段和第二连接段，在所述第二频段下，所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段参与所述偶极子天线的辐射。对于折合天线而言，第一辐射段和第二辐射段和延伸方向为第一方向，第一辐射段和第二辐射段为折合天线的主辐射体，工作状态下，第一辐射段和第二辐射段的电流分布同向，第一连接段和第二连接段连接在第一辐射段和第二辐射段之间，实现第一辐射段和第二辐射段的辐射能量的同相叠加。
本申请突破了传统折合天线两个辐射体相互靠近的限定，在水平长度和垂直间距进行了均衡，可以做到小型化的设计。为了设计小型化的天线，在不影响折合天线辐射性能的前提下，第一方向上，第一辐射段和第二辐射段的尺寸设计为：λh/4￣λh/3，第二方向上，第一连接段和第二连接段的尺寸设计为：λh/10￣λh/2，λh为折合天线的谐振波长。本申请在现有折合天线的基础上，缩小水平长度，同时拉天第一辐射段和第二辐射段的间隙，使二者之间具有一定的空间差，从而实现二元阵列效果。本申请提供的折合天线中，与第一辐射段连接的部分第一连接段和第二连接段与第一辐射段共同构成半波辐射体，即半波辐射体整体结构为非直线形，而是直线的两端具有弯折结构。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一连接段包括沿第三方向往复延伸的第一走线，所述第一走线用于形成无辐射感性加载，以减少所述折合天线的尺寸，所述第三方向与所述第二方向形成夹角。本申请通过第一走线的设置，使得第一辐射段和第二辐射段之间的垂直间距拉开，同时，其水平长度得到缩小，这样，在水平长度和垂直间距进行了均衡，实现了小型化的设计。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间形成容纳空间，所述第一走线的延伸路径位于所述容纳空间内。第一走线占用第一辐射段和第二辐射段之间的容纳空间，此架构有利于节约天线所占的空间。
所述第一走线往复延伸的周期包括多个，第一辐射段的端点和第二辐射点的端点之间的连线为第一连接段和第二连接段设置的基准位置，第一走线自这个基准位置向容纳空间内延伸，第一走线延伸的一个周期可以理解为：从基准位置向容纳空间内部延伸，再返回基准位置上的一个往复路径。第一走线往复延伸的周期可以为一个，两个或多个。第一走线形成分布电感，在折合天线中具有电感加载作用，相较直线结构，第一走线的感性值更高，从而相对直线结构能够缩小折合天线的尺寸。第一直线延伸的周期数不同，分布电感产生变化，周期数越多能替代的直线部分(此直线部分指的是第一辐射段和第二辐射段端点之间的直接连线的架构)越多，第一走线具有调谐折合天线带宽的作用，帮助折合天线在小尺寸上，亦可以实现良好的谐振辐射，保护折合天线的辐射性能。
第一走线延伸的路径可以是规则的，也可以是不规则的，当然规则的路径设计有利于调谐天线的带宽。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一走线延伸的路径呈蛇形、锯齿形或波浪线形。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一走线包括多段相互平行的第一线，相邻的所述第一线之间通过第二线连接，以形成连续延伸的所述第一走线。第一线的延伸方向可以平行于第一辐射段，也可以与第一辐射段之间形成夹角，换言之，第一线的延伸方向可以为第一方向，也可以相较第一方向形成夹角，第二线可以平行于第二方向，也可以相较第二方向形成夹角。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一连接段还包括对称分布在所述第一走线两侧的第三线和第四线，所述第一走线与所述第一辐射段之间通过所述第三线连接，所述第一走线与所述第二辐射段之间通过所述第四线连接。本实施方式中，第一走线两侧还包括第三线和第四线，第三线可以作为第一辐射段的延伸，参与第一辐射段的辐射，同理，第四线可以作为第二辐射段的延伸，参与第二辐射段的辐射，这样可以使得折合天线形成小尺寸架构。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三线和所述第四线的延伸方向均为所述第二方向，即第三线与第一辐射段垂直连接，第四线与第二辐射段垂直连接。其它实施方式中，第三线与第一辐射段之间也可以形成锐角或钝角的连接有关系，同样，第四线与第二辐射段之间亦可形 成锐角或钝角的连接有关系。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二连接段包括依次连接在所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间的第五线、第二走线和第六线，所述第二走线为沿第三方向往复延伸的架构，用于形成无辐射感性加载，以减少所述折合天线的尺寸，所述第五线和所述第三线和所述第一辐射段共同构成半波辐射体。
以穿过第一辐射段的中点且在第二方向上延伸线为中心线，第一走线和第二走线对称分布在所述中心线的两侧。第一辐射段可以呈直线状，也可以为其它形状延伸的带状线，第一辐射段以所述中心线为中心呈对称分布。
本申请通过对折合天线在第二方向上将两个主辐射体(即第一辐射段和第二辐射段)恰当分离，通过在第一连接段和第二连接段中引入第一走线和第二走线的架构，形成感性加载以缩小尺寸，可以实现折合天线具有前后双向宽波束高增益辐射特性。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二辐射段包括第一主体、第二主体和馈电枝节，所述第一主体包括第一连接端和第一馈电端，所述第一连接端连接至所述第一连接段，所述第二主体包括第二连接端和第二馈电端，所述第二连接端连接至所述第二连接段，所述第一馈电端和所述第二馈电端相对设置且二者之间形成间隙，所述馈电枝节连接至所述第一馈电端，所述馈电枝节形成开口朝向所述第二主体的包围空间，所述第二主体至少部分伸入所述包围空间，所述第二馈电端位于所述包围空间内，所述馈电枝节和所述包围空间内的部分所述第二主体构成共面波导结构，所述第二主体设有馈电孔，所述馈电孔用于供第一馈线穿过，通过所述第一馈线与所述馈电共面波导结构电连接，以对所述折合天线馈电。
本申请通过在折合天线馈电侧的半波辐射体(即第二辐射段)上引入共面波导结构，形成了三叉戟馈电结构。采用正交布局的方式实现天线激励，即馈电线(可以为射频同轴线)垂直于折合天线所在的平面，例如折合天线为设置在介质板的一个表面上的微带线形式，馈电线穿过介质板上的过孔对折合天线进行馈电，馈电线的外导体穿过过孔并直接与过孔所在的辐射臂相连，即馈电线穿过第二主体上的馈电孔，其外导体与第二主体相连，外导体与第二主体之间可以通过焊接固定并电连接。馈电线的内导体及绝缘介质穿过馈电孔并弯折，内导体与第一主体电连接，同样内导体与第一主体之间亦可通过焊接固定并电连接。绝缘介质起到隔绝内导体与第二主体的作用，减少短路风险。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述偶极子天线包括高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元，高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元的主要辐射部分均在第二方向上延伸，偶极子天线整体呈长方形布置，长方形的长边在第二方向上。所述耦合结构连接至所述低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元的工作频率为所述第二频段，所述高频辐射单元的工作频率为第三频段和第四频段，所述第四频段高于所述第三频段，所述第三频段高于所述第二频段。高频辐射单元具有较宽的频带范围，例如5.1GHz－7GHz，具体的应用场景下，可以根据不同的应用场景的需求，选择其中一部分频段作为一个工作频带，这样，高频辐射单元可以执行具有不同辐射功能的第三频段和第四频段。这样，偶极子天线形成三频垂直极化天线架构，三个频段分别为：第二频段为2.4GHz－2.5GHz，第三频段为5.1GHz－5.9GHz，第四频段为Sub7G：6－7GHz。
偶极子天线包括一个馈电端口，折合天线也包括一个馈电端口，且偶极子天线和折合天线的极化正交。本申请提供的天线为四频双极化双馈的天线架构。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述低频辐射单元为轴对称结构，其对称轴为中轴线，所述耦合结构的数量为两个，且分别在所述中轴线的两侧。具体而言，中轴线的延伸方向为第二方 向。中轴线与折合天线中的第一辐射段的对称中心的中心线共线。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述高频辐射单元对称分布在所述低频辐射单元的两侧，所述中轴线亦为所述高频辐射单元的对称轴，所述折合天线的主辐射体包括相对间隔设置的第一辐射段和第二辐射段，所述折合天线还包括连接在所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间，且与所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段共同构成环状架构的第一连接段和第二连接段，在所述第二频段下，所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段参与所述低频辐射单元的辐射，在所述第二方向上，所述高频辐射单元与所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段正对设置。
一种可能的实现方式中，低频辐射单元包括低频上辐射体和低频下辐射体，高频辐射单元包括高频上辐射体和高频下辐射体，高频上辐射体分布在低频上辐射体的两侧，高频下辐射体分布在低频下辐射体的两侧，高频下辐射体和低频下辐射体构成下支节，高频上辐射体和低频上辐射体构成上支节，上支节位于折合天线和下支节之间，上支节和下支节之间形成间隙，偶极子天线的馈电端口位于上支节和下支节之间的间隙处，且位于低频辐射单元的中轴线上。具体而言，高频辐射单元分布在低频辐射单元的两侧目的在于尽量减少二者之间的影响，由于低频辐射单元辐射臂的尺寸要大，所以出于小型化设计选择让低频辐射单元通过耦合结构连接至折合天线，折合天线部分参与低频辐射单元的辐射，即部分折合天线与低频辐射单元共同完成第二频段的辐射工作。
低频上辐射体包括两条并列设置且延伸方向均为第二方向的传输线，这两条传输线对称分布在低频辐射单元的中轴线的两侧，这两条传输线靠近折合天线的一端与耦合结构的第二耦合线连接，这两条传输线远离折合天线的一端通过上连接线连接，上连接线在第一方向上延伸，即上连接线垂直连接这两条传输线。
一种可能的实现方式中，低频下辐射体包括两条并列设置且延伸方向均为第二方向的传输线，低频下辐射体的两条传输线对称分布在低频辐射单元的中轴线的两侧。低频下辐射体的两条传输线与低频上辐射体的两条传输线可以在第二方向上一一对应共线设置。对于低频辐射单元而言，第一方向上的尺寸为第一辐射单元的传输线的宽度，本实施方式中，低频下辐射体的传输线的宽度可以与低频上辐射体的宽度相同，低频下辐射体的宽度也可以大于低频上辐射体的宽度。低频下辐射体的两条传输线靠近上支节的一端通过下连接线连接，下连接线在第一方向上延伸，下连接线垂直连接低频下辐射体的两条传输线，下连接线平行于上连接线，且上、下连接线之间形成间隙，偶极子天线的馈电端口位于上、下连接线之间，且位于低频辐射单元的中轴线上。
另一种可能的实现方式中，低频下辐射体可以为一体化的结构，即低频下辐射体包括一条较宽的辐射枝节，相当于前述实现方式中的两条传输线之间互连为一体的架构。本实施方式中，低频下辐射体同样可以为以低频辐射单元的中轴线为对称中心的对称架构，例如低频下辐射体为长方体形状。
对于低频下辐射体而言，不管是两条并列设置的传输线的架构，还是一体化的较宽的辐射枝节的架构，在低频下辐射体远离低频上辐射体的一端，均可以设置弯折延伸的延伸枝节，低频下辐射体的延伸枝节成对设置在低频辐射单元的中轴线的两侧，且延伸枝节分布在两条并列设置的传输线的架构的两侧，或者一体化的较宽的辐射枝节的架构的两侧。延伸枝节用于改善天线的物理尺寸，可以在满足谐振频率的前提下，减小天线的整体尺寸，有利于天线小型化的设计。
高频辐射单元包括高频上辐射体和高频下辐射体，一种可能的实现方式中，高频上辐射 体包括两条延伸方向均为第二方向的传输线，这两条传输线对称分布在低频上辐射体的两侧，而且，高频上辐射体的两条传输线靠近折合天线的一端分别正对折合天线的第一连接段和第二连接段，高频上辐射体的两条传输线远离折合天线的一端通过上连接线连接，上连接线同时垂直连接高频上辐射体的两条传输线和低频上辐射体的两条传输线。
一种可能的实现方式中，高频下辐射体包括两条并列设置且延伸方向均为第二方向的传输线，高频下辐射体的两条传输线对称分布在低频下辐射体的两侧。高频下辐射体的两条传输线与高频上辐射体的两条传输线可以在第二方向上一一对应共线设置。高频下辐射体的两条传输线靠近上支节的一端通过下连接线连接，下连接线在第一方向上同时连接高频下辐射体的两条传输线的端点和低频下辐射体的一端。
低频下辐射体的延伸枝节位于高频下辐射体远离上支节的一侧。即低频下辐射体的延伸枝节占用高频下辐射体的远离上支节一侧的闲置空间，改变低频下辐射体的物理尺寸的同时，不改变天线整体的尺寸，有利于天线小型化的设置。
具体而言，偶极子天线具有高频特征和低频特性，通过让高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元与折合天线极化正交，实现了偶极子天线与折合天线的极化正交，降低了在不同工作频段下偶极子天线和折合天线的相互影响。
第二方面，本申请提供一种天线模组，包括第一馈线、第二馈线和上述任一项天线，第一馈线与折合天线电连接，第二馈线与偶极子天线电连接。通过第一馈线对折合天线进行激励，产生水平极化，通过第二馈线对偶极子天线激励，产生垂直极化，构成四频双极化天线。
一种可能的实施方式中，天线位于第一平面，第一馈线垂直于第一平面，所示第二馈线平行于第一平面。第一馈线和第二馈线上有电流经过，必然会导致馈线周围存在电磁场，正交设计的选择使第一馈线和第二馈线周围的感应场也是正交，感应场之间的相互影响最小，传输效率最高。
具体而言，天线为设置在介质板上的微带线结构。第一馈线包括第一外导体、第一内导体和第一介质绝缘部，第一馈线穿过介质板上的过孔，第一外导体与折合天线的第二辐射段的第二主体电连接，第一介质绝缘部与第一内导体穿过介质板上的过孔并弯折，第一内导体与折合天线的第二辐射段的第一主体电连接，即在第一主体和第二主体上分别设置第一馈电点和第二馈电点，第一馈线的第一外导体与第二馈电点焊接固定且电连接，第一馈线的第一内导体弯折延伸并与第一主体上的第一馈电点焊接固定且电连接，第一介质绝缘部包裹第一内导体，以保证第一内导体与第二主体之间的绝缘隔离。
第二馈线包括第二外导体、第二内导体和第二介质绝缘部，第二外导体和第二内导体贴附于第一平面设置，第二外导体与偶极子天线的第三馈电点连接，第二介质绝缘部从第三馈电点上引出，第二内导体与偶极子天线的第四馈电点连接，第二介质绝缘部包裹第二内导体，以保证第二内导体与第三馈电点所在的辐射体之间的绝缘隔离。具体而言，第三馈电点和第四馈电点分别设置在偶极子天线的下支节和上支节，上支节和下支节之间设有间隙，上支节位于折合天线和下支节之间，第三馈电点和第四馈电点位于偶极子天线的中轴线上。
第三方面，本申请提供一种无线网络设备，包括馈电网络和上述任一种天线模组，馈电网络与天线模组的第一馈线和第二馈线连接，实现对折合天线和偶极子天线的激励。
附图说明
图1是本申请一种实施方式提供的无线网络设备的应用场景图；
图2是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线模组的示意图；
图3是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图；
图4是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图；
图5是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线中的折合天线的示意图；
图6是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的折合天线中的第三连接段的放大示意图；
图7是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图；
图8是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图；
图9是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图；
图10是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线中的折合天线馈电结构的示意图；
图11是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图，其中包括偶极子天线馈电结构；
图12是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线在第一频段状态下的电流分布示意图；
图13是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线在第一频段状态下，折合天线的电流分布示意图；
图14是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线在第二频段状态下的电流分布示意图；
图15是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线在第四频段状态下的电流分布示意图；
图16是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的回波损耗曲线图；
图17、图18是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的偶极子天线在2G，6G频率下对应的天线辐射方向图；
图19是本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的折合天线在6G频率下对应的天线辐射方向图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请的具体实施方式进行清楚地描述。
随着通信技术的发展，家庭场景式的无线通信传输需求也越来越大。如图1所示，本申请提供的一种无线网络设备200，无线网络设备200可以为WIFI产品，其内部设置的天线(图中未示出)具有良好的水平全向性和垂直定向性，能够契合不同家庭场景下的无线通信需求。通常大部分普通家庭户型是单层户型的，该户型对于家庭无线通信的覆盖需求集中在水平全向，即同一楼层户型内的不同房间都能够被无线网络设备200所覆盖。而对于一些复式或者别墅户型家庭而言，还要满足无线网络的垂直覆盖功能，实现不同楼层的无线通信，此时就需要无线网络设备200的能量集中性好，具有垂直定向特征。
在一个具体的实施例中，如图2所示，无线网络设备200内的天线模组包括设置在基板140上的天线100、用于对天线100进行激励的第一馈线110、第二馈线120和馈电网络160。在本实施例中，天线100包括折合天线10和偶极子天线20。当馈电网络160的信号输入，折合天线10和偶极子天线20被激励，获得折合天线10和偶极子天线20在不同频率下的谐振模式，实现折合天线10的垂直定向辐射和偶极子天线20的水平全向辐射，确保了在不同频段下，无线网络设备200的水平全向和垂直定向功能。
参阅图3，本申请提供的天线100包括折合天线10、偶极子天线20和耦合结构30。
折合天线又称为折合振子天线，包括两个主辐射体，通常主辐射体为半波长的主振子和半波长的寄生振子相互靠近，主辐射体之间通过连接段连接在一起，寄生振子感应得到的电流驻波和电压驻波和主振子的不但分布相同，由于距离靠得很近，耦合很紧，大小也相同，而且相位延迟可以忽略，由于主振子和寄生振子相靠近，它们之间的连接段很短，几乎不参与辐射。
所述折合天线10的主辐射体的延伸方向为第一方向A1，所述偶极子天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第二方向A2，所述第一方向A1和所述第二方向A2正交。在所述第二方向A2上，所述折合天线10设置在所述偶极子天线20的一端，所述折合天线10的工作频率为第一频段，所述偶极子天线20的工作频率包括第二频段(偶极子天线20可以为多频天线，例如三频天线，后续会具体阐述)，所述第一频段高于所述第二频段，所述耦合结构30连接在所述折合天线10与所述偶极子天线20之间，在所述第二频段下，所述耦合结构30产生谐振，使得所述折合天线10参与所述偶极子天线20的辐射，在所述第一频段下，所述耦合结构30具隔离功能。
对于第一方向A1和第二方向A2的定义，可以理解为：如图3所示，两端具有箭头的指示线标示为第一方向A1和第二方向A2，指的是所在直线的延伸方向，不限定具体朝向直线的哪一端延伸，例如，第一方向A1，可以理解为沿着直线向左延伸，也可以理解为沿着直线向右延伸，只要是在直线的方向上即可。
本申请通过耦合结构30将折合天线10和偶极子天线20集成为一体，通过耦合结构30在第一频段下隔离效果及在第二频段下的直通效果，使得折合天线10不仅可以执行自己的工作频段，还可以参与偶极子天线20第二频段下的辐射，折合天线10的辐射体可以参与不同天线的辐射，且性能上彼此独立。通过设置折合天线10的主辐射体的延伸方向为第一方向A1，偶极子天线20的主辐射体的延伸方向为第二方向A2，第一方向A1与第二方向A2正交，使得折合天线10和偶极子天线20的极化正交，实现了折合天线10和偶极子天线20之间高隔离度的极化分离和空间分集。本申请提供的天线100兼具小尺寸和辐射性能好的优势。
参阅图4，所述折合天线10的主辐射体包括相对间隔设置的第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12，所述折合天线10还包括连接在所述第一辐射段11和所述第二辐射段12之间，且与所述第一辐射段11和所述第二辐射段12共同构成环状架构的第一连接段13和第二连接段14，如图4所示，折合天线10整体呈长方形架构，第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12构成长边。偶极子天线20整体亦呈长方形架构，但偶极子天线20的长边方向为第二方向A2，垂直于折合天线10的长边方向。第一连接段13和第二连接段14在偶极子天线20的长边方向上延伸，在所述第二频段下，所述第一连接段13和所述第二连接段14用于参与所述偶极子天线20的辐射。对于折合天线10而言，第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12和延伸方向为第一方向A1，第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12为折合天线10的主辐射体，工作状态下，第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12的电流分布同向，第一连接段13和第二连接段14连接在第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12之间，实现第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12的辐射能量的同相叠加。
本申请将折合天线10为在传统折合天线的基础上做了改良设计，本申请突破了传统折合天线的两个辐射体相互靠近的限定，在水平长度和垂直间距进行了均衡，可以做到小型化的设计。为了设计小型化的天线，在不影响折合天线10辐射性能的前提下，第一方向A1上，第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12的尺寸设计为：λh/4￣λh/3，第二方向上，第一连接段13和第二连接段14的尺寸设计为：λh/10￣λh/2，λh为折合天线10的谐振波长。本申请在传统折合天线10的基础上，缩小水平长度，同时拉开第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12的间隙，使二者之间具有一定的空间差，从而实现二元阵列效果。本申请提供的折合天线10中，第一辐射段11与部分第一连接段13和部分第二连接段14共同构成连续延伸的半波辐射体，即半波辐射体整体结构为非直线形，而是直线的两端具有弯折结构。
第一辐射段11的延伸方向为第一方向A1的限定可以理解为第一辐射段11的延伸趋势为 第一方向A1，可以理解为：第一辐射段11只为直线形结构时，其延伸方向单纯为第一方向A1，没有偏离第一方向A1的枝节；本申请不限定第一辐射段11为直线形，第一辐射段11也可以为非直线形，或在直线形的基础上增加短小的枝节，短小的枝节不影响其延伸趋势，第一辐射段11可以在直线形传输线的基础上做变形，例如，参阅图5，图5简单示意了一种折合天线10的架构，其中，第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12设计为具有规则或不规则的波浪形传输线延伸结构，波浪形传输线延伸趋势为第一方向A1可以理解为：从波浪形传输线的一端至另一端的方向为第一方向A1，将波浪线作为一个较宽的矩形传输结构来看，总体上的延伸趋势是矩形的长边方向，即第一方向A1。
本申请可以通过增加第一辐射段11的宽度(即第一辐射段11在第二方向上的尺寸)来增强折合天线10的辐射能力，如图11所示的实施例中的第一辐射段11的宽度大于图4及图7－图9几个图示所示的实施例子中的第一辐射段11的宽度。
参阅图4和图6，所述第一连接段13包括依次连接的第三线131、第一走线132和第四线133。第一走线132沿第三方向往复延伸(图4中未标示第三方向，此实施方式中，第三方向与第一方向A1相同，其它实施方式中，第三方向也可以与第一方向A1形成夹角)，所述第一走线132用于形成无辐射感性加载，以减少所述折合天线10的尺寸，所述第三方向与所述第二方向A2形成夹角。所述第二连接段14包括依次连接在所述第一辐射段11和所述第二辐射段12之间的第五线141、第二走线142和第六线，所述第二走线142为沿第三方向往复延伸的架构，用于形成无辐射感性加载，以减少所述折合天线10的尺寸，所述第五线141和所述第三线131和所述第一辐射段11共同构成半波辐射体。本申请通过第一走线132和第二走线142的设置，使得第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12之间的垂直间距拉开，同时，第一辐射段11在第一方向A1上的长度(即水平长度)得到缩小，这样，在水平长度和垂直间距进行了均衡，实现了折合天线10小型化的设计。
接下来，主要详细阐述第一走线132的具体结构，第二走线142的具体结构可以与第一走线132相同，不再赘述。
所述第一辐射段11和所述第二辐射段12之间形成容纳空间101，第一走线132和第二走线142的延伸路径位于所述容纳空间101内。第一走线132占用第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12之间的容纳空间101，此架构有利于节约天线100所占的空间。第一走线132对应第一辐射段11的一端的边缘区域设置，第二走线142对应第一辐射段11的另一端的边缘区域设置。第一走线132在第一方向A1上的延伸的尺寸不超过λh/4，λh为折合天线10的谐振波长。第二走线142和第一走线132之间保持间距，以保证折合天线10的辐射效果，电流主要集中在第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12上。
具体而言，参阅图6，所述第一走线132包括多段相互平行的第一线1321，相邻的所述第一线1321之间通过第二线1322连接，以形成连续延伸的所述第一走线132。第一线1321的延伸方向可以平行于第一辐射段11，也可以与第一辐射段11之间形成夹角，换言之，第一线1321的延伸方向可以为第一方向A1，也可以相较第一方向A1形成夹角，第二线1322可以平行于第二方向A2，也可以相较第二方向A2形成夹角。
所述第一走线132往复延伸的周期包括多个，第一辐射段11的端点和第二辐射点的端点之间的连线为第一连接段13和第二连接段14设置的基准位置(如图4中虚线L所在的连线位置)，第一走线132自这个基准位置向容纳空间内延伸，第一走线132延伸的一个周期可以理解为：从基准位置向容纳空间内部延伸，再返回基准位置上的一个往复路径。第一走线132 往复延伸的周期可以为一个，两个或多个。第一走线132形成分布电感，在折合天线10中具有电感加载作用，相较直线结构，第一走线132的感性值更高，从而相对直线结构能够缩小折合天线10的尺寸。第一直线延伸的周期数不同，分布电感产生变化，周期数越多能替代的直线部分(此直线部分指的是第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12端点之间的直接连线的架构)越多，帮助折合天线10在小尺寸上，亦可以实现良好的谐振辐射，保护折合天线10的辐射性能。
第一走线132延伸的路径可以是规则的，也可以是不规则的，当然规则的路径设计有利于调谐天线的带宽。所述第一走线132延伸的路径可以呈蛇形、锯齿形或波浪线形。
第三线131和第四线133对称分布在所述第一走线132两侧，所述第一走线132与所述第一辐射段11之间通过所述第三线131连接，所述第一走线132与所述第二辐射段12之间通过所述第四线133连接。本实施方式中，第三线131可以作为第一辐射段11的延伸，参与第一辐射段11的辐射，同理，第四线133可以作为第二辐射段12的延伸，参与第二辐射段12的辐射，这样可以使得折合天线10形成小尺寸架构。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三线131和所述第四线133的延伸方向均为所述第二方向，即第三线131与第一辐射段11垂直连接，第四线133与第二辐射段12垂直连接。其它实施方式中，第三线131与第一辐射段11之间也可以形成锐角或钝角的连接有关系，同样，第四线133与第二辐射段12之间亦可形成锐角或钝角的连接有关系。
以穿过第一辐射段11的中点且在第二方向上延伸线为中心线B1(如图4所示)，第一走线132和第二走线142对称分布在所述中心线B1的两侧。图4所示的实施方式中，第一走线132和第二走线142的延伸方向相同且均为第一方向A1。其它实施方式中，如图7所示，第一走线132和第二走线142的延伸方向均与第一方向A1形成夹角，且第一走线132和第二走线142的延伸方向对称分布在中心线B1的两侧。
第一辐射段11为其它形状延伸的带状线(例如波浪线)时，第一辐射段11亦以所述中心线B1为中心呈对称分布，以保证折合天线10的辐射方向。
本申请通过对折合天线10在第二方向上将两个主辐射体(即第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12)恰当分离，将第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12在第一方向A1上的尺寸设计为小于二分之一波长，通过第一辐射段11与部分第一连接段13和部分第二连接段14共同构建半波辐射体，形成第一辐射段11末端弯折的电流路径，可以减少折合天线10在第一方向A1上的尺寸。通过在第一连接段13和第二连接段14中引入第一走线132和第二走线142的架构，形成感性加载以缩小尺寸，可以实现折合天线10具有前后双向宽波束高增益辐射特性。
折合天线10的馈电端口设于第二辐射体12上。第二辐射段12包括第一主体121、第二主体122和馈电枝节123，第一主体121呈直线形传输线且沿第一方向A1延伸，所述第一主体121包括第一连接端1211和第一馈电端1212，所述第一连接端1211连接至所述第一连接段13，所述第二主体122包括第二连接端1223和第二馈电端1224，所述第二连接端1223连接至所述第二连接段14，所述第一馈电端1212和所述第二馈电端1224相对设置且二者之间形成间隙，具体而言，此间隙可以位于折合天线10的中心线B1处，换言之，中心线B1穿过此间隙。第一连接段13和第二连接段14以此中心线B1为对称中心呈对称分布，第一辐射段11的中点亦位于此中心线B1上。所述馈电枝节123连接至所述第一馈电端1212，所述馈电枝节123形成开口朝向所述第二主体122的包围空间，馈电枝节123包括依次垂直连接第一枝节1231、第二枝节1232和第三枝节1233，第一枝节1231和第三枝节1233平行相对，第 二枝节1232垂直连接在第一枝节1231和第三枝节1233之间，第一主体121的第一馈电端1212连接至第二枝节1232的中点位置。其它实施方式中，馈电枝节123也可以呈弧形，例如C形。所述第二主体122至少部分伸入所述包围空间，所述第二馈电端1224位于所述包围空间内，所述馈电枝节123和所述包围空间内的部分所述第二主体122构成共面波导结构。
参阅图7，所述第二主体122设有馈电孔1225，所述馈电孔1225用于供第一馈线穿过，通过所述第一馈线与所述馈电共面波导结构电连接，以对所述折合天线10馈电。第二主体122包括互连的第一段1221和第二段1222，第一段1221和第二段1222的宽度不等，宽度指的是第二主体122在第二方向A2上的尺寸，第一段1221的宽度大于第二段1222的宽度，因此馈电孔1225设置在第一段1221上，这样方便第一馈线穿过馈电孔1225后，将第一馈线的外导体焊接至第一段1221上。第一段1221连接在第二段1222和第二连接段14之间，第二连接端1223为第一段与第二连接段14之间的连接位置。第二馈电端1224为第二段1222面对第一主体121的一端。第二馈电端1224位于馈电枝节123的包围空间内。馈电孔1225位于第一段1221邻近第二段1222的位置处。第一段1221面对第一辐射段11的边缘与第二段1222面对第一辐射段11的边缘共线。
本申请通过在折合天线10馈电侧的半波辐射体(即第二辐射段12)上引入共面波导结构，形成了三叉戟馈电结构。采用正交布局的方式实现天线激励，即馈电线(可以为射频同轴线)垂直于折合天线10所在的平面，例如折合天线10为设置在介质板的一个表面上的微带线形式，馈电线穿过介质板上的过孔对折合天线10进行馈电，馈电线的外导体穿过过孔并直接与过孔所在的辐射臂相连，即馈电线穿过第二主体122上的馈电孔1225，馈电线的外导体与第二主体122相连，可以采用焊接的方式固定且电连接，馈电线的内导体及绝缘介质穿过馈电孔并弯折，内导体与第一主体121电连接，同样内导体与第一主体121之间亦可通过焊接固定并电连接。绝缘介质起到隔绝内导体与第二主体122的作用，减少短路风险。
具体而言，在第一主体121和第二主体122上分别设置第一馈电点D1和第二馈电点D2，第一馈线的第一外导体与第二馈电点D2焊接固定且电连接，第一馈线的第一内导体弯折延伸并与第一主体121上的第一馈电点D1焊接固定且电连接，第一介质绝缘部包裹第一内导体，以保证第一内导体与第二主体122之间的绝缘隔离。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述偶极子天线20包括高频辐射单元21和低频辐射单元22，高频辐射单元21和低频辐射单元22的主要辐射部分均在第二方向A2上延伸，偶极子天线20整体呈长方形布置，长方形的长边在第二方向A2上。所述耦合结构30连接至所述低频辐射单元22，所述低频辐射单元22的工作频率为所述第二频段，所述高频辐射单元21的工作频率为第三频段和第四频段，所述第四频段高于所述第三频段，所述第三频段高于所述第二频段。高频辐射单元21具有较宽的频带范围，例如5.1GHz－7GHz，具体的应用场景下，可以根据不同的应用场景的需求，选择其中一部分频段作为一个工作频带，可以根据不同的应用场景的需求，选择不同的频段进行馈电，这样，高频辐射单元21可以执行具有不同辐射功能的第三频段和第四频段。这样，偶极子天线20形成三频垂直极化天线，三个频段分别为：第二频段为2.4GHz－2.5GHz，第三频段为5.1GHz－5.9GHz，第四频段为Sub7G：6－7GHz。
偶极子天线20包括一个馈电端口，折合天线10也包括一个馈电端口，且偶极子天线20和折合天线10的极化正交。本申请提供的天线为四频双极化双馈的天线架构。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述低频辐射单元22为轴对称结构，其对称轴为中轴线B2。所述耦合结构30的数量为两个，且分别在所述中轴线B2的两侧。具体而言，中轴线B2的延 伸方向为第二方向A2。如图4所示，中轴线B2与折合天线10中的第一辐射段11的对称中心的中心线B1共线。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述高频辐射单元21对称分布在所述低频辐射单元22的两侧，所述中轴线B2亦为所述高频辐射单元21的对称轴。在所述第二频段下，所述第一连接段13和所述第二连接段14参与所述低频辐射单元22的辐射，在所述第二方向A2上，所述高频辐射单元21与所述第一连接段13和所述第二连接段14正对设置。
参阅图4，一种可能的实现方式中，低频辐射单元22包括低频上辐射体221和低频下辐射体222，高频辐射单元21包括高频上辐射体211和高频下辐射体212，高频上辐射体211分布在低频上辐射体221的两侧，高频下辐射体212分布在低频下辐射体222的两侧，高频下辐射体212和低频下辐射体222构成下支节，高频上辐射体211和低频上辐射体221构成上支节，上支节位于折合天线10和下支节之间，上支节和下支节之间形成间隙，偶极子天线20的馈电端口位于上支节和下支节之间的位置处，且位于低频辐射单元22的中轴线上。具体而言，高频辐射单元21分布在低频辐射单元22的两侧目的在于尽量减少二者之间的影响，由于低频辐射单元22辐射臂的尺寸要大，所以出于小型化设计选择让低频辐射单元22通过耦合结构30连接至折合天线10，折合天线10部分参与低频辐射单元22的辐射，即部分折合天线10与低频辐射单元22共同完成第二频段的辐射工作。
参阅图7，低频上辐射体221包括两条并列设置且延伸方向均为第二方向A2的传输线2211，2212，这两条传输线2211，2212对称分布在低频辐射单元22的中轴线B2的两侧，这两条传输线2211，2212靠近折合天线10的一端与耦合结构30连接，这两条传输线2211，2212远离折合天线10的一端通过上连接线23连接，上连接线23在第一方向A1上延伸，即上连接线23垂直连接这两条传输线2211，2212。
一种可能的实现方式中，低频下辐射体222包括两条并列设置且延伸方向均为第二方向A2的传输线2221，2222，低频下辐射体222的两条传输线2221，2222对称分布在低频辐射单元22的中轴线B2的两侧。低频下辐射体222的两条传输线2221，2222与低频上辐射体221的两条传输线2211，2212可以在第二方向A2上一一对应共线设置。对于低频辐射单元22而言，第一方向A1上的尺寸为低频辐射单元的传输线的宽度，本实施方式中，低频下辐射体222的传输线2221，2222的宽度可以与低频上辐射体221的传输线2211，2212的宽度相同，低频下辐射体222的传输线2221，2222的宽度也可以大于低频上辐射体221的传输线2211，2212的宽度。低频下辐射体222的两条传输线2221，2222靠近上支节的一端通过下连接24线连接，下连接线24在第一方向A1上延伸，下连接线24垂直连接低频下辐射体222的两条传输线2221，2222，下连接线24平行于上连接线23，且上、下连接线23，24之间形成间隙，偶极子天线20的馈电端口位于上、下连接线23，24之间，且位于低频辐射单元22的中轴线B1上。
另一种可能的实现方式中，低频下辐射体222可以为一体化的结构，如图8所示，即低频下辐射体222包括一条较宽的辐射枝节，相当于将图4所示的实现方式中的两条传输线2221，2222之间互连为一体的架构。本实施方式中，低频下辐射体222同样可以为以低频辐射单元22的中轴线B2为对称中心的对称架构，例如低频下辐射体222为长方体形状。
参阅图7和图9，对于低频下辐射体222而言，不管是两条并列设置的传输线的架构，还是一体化的较宽的辐射枝节的架构，在低频下辐射体222远离低频上辐射体221的一端，均可以设置弯折延伸的延伸枝节223，低频下辐射体222的延伸枝节223成对设置在低频辐 射单元22的中轴线B2的两侧，且延伸枝节223分布在低频下辐射体222的两侧。延伸枝节223用于改善天线100的物理尺寸，可以在满足谐振频率的前提下，减小天线100的整体尺寸，有利于天线100小型化的设计。具体而言，延伸枝节223包括第一延伸线2231和第二延伸线2232，第一延伸线2231的宽度小于第二延伸线2232的宽度，第一延伸线2231连接在第二延伸线2232和低频下辐射体222之间，它们的宽度指的是第一方向A1上的尺寸。
如图4所示，高频辐射单元21包括高频上辐射体211和高频下辐射体212，一种可能的实现方式中，高频上辐射体211包括两条延伸方向均为第二方向的传输线2111，2112，这两条传输线2111，2112对称分布在低频上辐射体221的两侧，而且，高频上辐射体211的两条传输2111，2112线靠近折合天线10的一端分别正对折合天线10的第一连接段13和第二连接段14，高频上辐射体211的两条传输线2111，2112远离折合天线10的一端通过上连接线23连接，上连接线23同时垂直连接高频上辐射体211的两条传输线2111，2112和低频上辐射体221的两条传输线2211，2212。
一种可能的实现方式中，高频下辐射体212包括两条并列设置且延伸方向均为第二方向的传输线2121，2122，高频下辐射体212的两条传输线2121，2122对称分布在低频下辐射体222的两侧。高频下辐射体212的两条传输线2121，2122与高频上辐射体211的两条传输线2111，2112可以在第二方向上一一对应共线设置。高频下辐射体212的两条传输线2121，2122靠近上支节的一端通过下连接线24连接，下连接线24在第一方向A1上同时连接高频下辐射体212的两条传输线2121，2122的端点和低频下辐射体222的一端。
低频下辐射体222的延伸枝节223位于高频下辐射体212远离上支节的一侧。即低频下辐射体222的延伸枝节223占用高频下辐射体212的远离上支节一侧的闲置空间，改变低频下辐射体222的物理尺寸的同时，不改变天线整体的尺寸，有利于天线小型化的设置。
折合天线10的馈电结构具体为：参阅图7和图8，折合天线10包括两个馈电点，均位于第二辐射段12上，两个馈电点分别为设置在第一主体121上的第一馈电点D1，和设置在第二主体122上的第二馈电点D2。参阅图10，通过第一馈线110为折合天线10馈电，第一馈线110包括第一外导体111、第一介质绝缘部112和第一内导体113，第一馈线110穿过介质板上的过孔，即馈电孔1225(可同时参见图7)，第一外导体111电连接至第二馈电点D2，可以采用焊接固定的方式实现二者之间的电连接。第一介质绝缘部112与第一内导体113穿过馈电孔1225并弯折，第一内导体113弯折延伸至与折合天线10的第二辐射段12的第一主体121电连接，第一内导体113电连接至第一馈电点D1，第一介质绝缘部112包裹第一内导体113，以保证第一内导体113与第二主体122之间的绝缘隔离。
偶极子天线20的馈电结构具体为：参阅图7和图8，偶极子天线20包括两个馈电点，分别为第三馈电点D3和第四馈电点D4。偶极子天线20的这两个馈电点分别位于上连接线23和下连接线24上，具体而言，第四馈电点D4位于上连接线23与偶极子天线20的中轴线B2(即前述的低频辐射单元22的中轴线)的交汇处，第三馈电点D3位于下连接线24与偶极子天线20的中轴线B2的交汇处。
参阅图11，通过第二馈线120为偶极子天线20馈电，第二馈线120可以为同轴线缆，用于在馈电网络和偶极子天线20之间传送电磁波信号。第二馈线120包括第二外导体121、第二内导体123和第二介质绝缘部122。具体而言，偶极子天线20可以为设置在介质板上的微带线形式，偶极子天线20设置在第一平面上，第一平面可以为介质板的表面，偶极子天线20和第二馈线120可以位于介质基板的同一表面，也可以分别位于正反两面，此时，可以将 第二馈线120穿过介质板上的过孔，以与偶极子天线20的馈电点电连接。第二馈线120可以在贴附于第一平面设置，第二馈线120在第一平面上沿着第二方向A2延伸，从偶极子天线20的下支节远离上支节的一端朝向上支节延伸，具体而言，第二馈线120沿着低频辐射单元22的中轴线B2延伸。第二外导体121与第三馈电点D3电连接，第二介质绝缘部122作为第二内导体123与第二外导体121之间的绝缘体，第二介质绝缘部122伸出第二外导体121伸入上连接线23和下连接线24之间的间隙内，第二内导体123伸出第二介质绝缘部122，并与偶极子天线20的第四馈电点D4电连接。
实施例中的第一馈线110和第二馈线120上有电流经过，必然会导致馈线周围存在电磁场，让第一馈线110和第二馈线120正交设计目的在于使第一馈线110和第二馈线120周围的感应场正交，这样感应场之间的相互影响最小，传输效率最高。
具体而言，偶极子天线20具有高频特征和低频特性，通过让高频辐射单元21和低频辐射单元22与折合天线10极化正交，实现了偶极子天线20与折合天线10的极化正交，降低了在不同工作频段下偶极子天线20和折合天线10的相互影响。
本申请在折合天线10和偶极子天线20之间设置耦合结构30，耦合结构30可以选择地通过固定频段的电磁波，例如，在本申请具体实施方式中，偶极子天线20的低频辐射体工作在第二频段时，耦合结构30产生谐振，使电流通过，使得折合天线10参与偶极子天线20低频辐射单元22的辐射，在折合天线10的工作频段下，即第一频段下，耦合结构30阻隔电流通过。具体而言，耦合结构30具有通低频阻高频的作用。耦合结构30的具体形态如下。
参阅图7、图8和图9，一种可能的实现方式中，所述耦合结构30包括第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32，所述第一耦合线31连接至所述折合天线10，所述第二耦合线32连接至所述偶极子天线20，所述第一耦合线31和所述第二耦合线32之间形成间隙，且构成串联的等效电感和电容，通过第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32之间的电磁耦合作用将折合天线10和偶极子天线20连接在一起，形成一体化的天线架构。
本实施方式中，第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32呈直线状，第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32的延伸方向均为第二方向A2，在第一方向A1上，部分第一耦合线31和部分第二耦合线32层叠设置，且形成间隙。所述第一耦合线31垂直于所述折合天线10的主辐射体，具体而言，第一耦合线31垂直于第二辐射段12，所述第二耦合线32平行于所述第一耦合线31。第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32之间的间隙为等距离分布，这样方便调谐谐振频率。
参阅图11，另一实施方式中，所述第二耦合线32的数量为两个，两个所述第二耦合线32平行设置布在所述第一耦合线31的两侧。具体而言，偶极子天线20的低频辐射单元221与折合天线10之间形成间隔空间，耦合结构30设置在此间隔空间内。两条第二耦合线32在第一耦合线31的两侧形成两个并联的电容结构，形成类似共面波导的结构，通过双间隙增加耦合系数，从而实现调谐频率，这种架构可以缩小折合天线10和偶极子天线20之间的距离，即可以减小第二方向上的耦合带线的长度，有利于天线整体小尺寸的设计。
其它实施方式中，第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32也可以具有弯折延伸的部分，例如将第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32设计为L形或弧形等结构，只要保证二者之间形成间隙，构成串联的等效电容和电感。
具体调试过程中，可以根据不同的工作频率和带宽的要求，调节第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32的长度、宽度及二者之间的间隙，也可以通过调节第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32的延伸的形状进行调节谐振频率。
天线工作在第二频段时，第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32形成的分布电感与电容形成谐振，使得串联电路的阻抗小，近似直通连接。当天线工作在第一频段时，第一耦合线31和第二耦合线32形成的串联电路为非谐振状态，呈现高阻抗特性，近似断开的效果。本实施方式通过两条耦合线形成串联的电感电容电路，即可实现通低频阻高频的作用，本申请提供的耦合结构30连接于折合天线10和偶极子天线20之间，具有结构简单节约空间的优势，有利于天线小型化的设计。
当第一馈线为折合天线10的馈电时，折合天线10工作在第一频段状态下，即Sub7G：6－7GHz，天线的电流分布如图12和图13所示，图中箭头指示的方向为电流的分布和方向。图12可以清楚地看到很少的电流流进偶极子天线20上，图13为图12的截图，图13主要表达折合天线10上的电流分布，特别是在图13中清楚地看到第二辐射体段12上的电流分布与第一辐射段11上的电流分布是相同的，因为第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12形成能量叠加。本申请的天线在第一频段工作状态下，耦合结构30具有高阻抗特性，使得电流集中在折合天线10上，偶极子天线20上分布的电流很少，耦合结构30在偶极子天线20和折合天线10之间形成隔离作用。第一辐射段11和第二辐射段12上的电流分布均呈水平状态，图中所示的从右至左的箭头方向，而且，第一连接段13和第二连接段14均有部分参与辐射，上半部分电流从第二连接段14的第五线141与第二走线142连接的位置向上流向第一辐射段11，沿着第一辐射段11向左流向第一连接段13的第三线131，再沿着第三线131流向第一走线132；下半部分的电流从第二连接段14的第六线与第二走线142连接的位置向下流向第二辐射段12，再沿着第二辐射段12向左流向第一连接段13的第四线133，再沿着第四线133向上流向第一走线132。第一走线132和第二走线142在第二方向上的中心位置为电流零点。
当第二馈线为偶极子天线20馈电时，偶极子天线20工作在第二频段状态下时，即2.4GHz－2.5GHz，此时，偶极子天线20的低频辐射单元22工作，以2.45GHz信号为例，天线的电流分布如图14所示，第二频段下，耦合结构30形成谐振，使得串联电路的阻抗小，近似直通连接，折合天线10参与低频辐射单元22的工作，电流流向为第二方向，图14中左侧箭头指示的方向为电流的分布和方向，很明显，电流从低频辐射单元22远离折合天线10的一端流向折合天线10远离低频辐射单元22的一端，即电流从天线的底端一直流向顶端，中间直接通过耦合结构30。
偶极子天线20工作在第四频段下时，即Sub7G：6－7GHz，以6.5GHz信号为例，天线的电流分布如图15，在第四频段下，电流主要分布在偶极子天线20的高频辐射单元21上，如图15中右侧箭头指示的为电流的分布和方向。耦合结构30此时具有高阻抗特性，使得电流集中在高频辐射单元21上，电流流向为第二方向，从高频辐射单元21靠近折合天线10的一端流向高频辐射单元21远离折合天线10的一端。耦合结构30在偶极子天线20和折合天线10之间形成隔离作用。
图16为本申请提供的应用在WIFI产品中的天线的回波损耗曲线，其中，S11反映的是偶极子天线20端口特性，从上面可以看到其覆盖2G、5G和6G三个频谱区间，S22反映的是折合天线10的端口特性，该天线单独覆盖6G频段。S1，2反映的是折合天线10和偶极子天线20两个端口间的隔离度，数值越低说明两者影响越小，从图中可知在WiFi频段隔离度均大于－30dB。本申请提供的天线覆盖的频段是三个，例如分别为：2G，5G和6G，天线包括两个天线馈电端口，可以实现四个频带的输出，即2G，5G，6G和6G，而且折合天线10和偶极子天线20极化正交，因为本申请提供的天线为四频双极化天线。从图中可以看到折合天线 10的辐射体具有非常好的宽带特性，频率覆盖6GHz－7.8GHz，偶极子天线20的辐射体，具有覆盖2.4G，5G和6G的三频段特性。
图17、图18显示了偶极子天线20在2G，6G频率下对应的天线辐射方向图。图19显示了折合天线10在6G频率下对应的天线辐射方向图。可以看到折合天线10水平极化辐射体具有前后双向的宽波束高增益辐射特性，偶极子天线20具有全向辐射性能。
本申请提供的天线在满足折合天线10和偶极子天线20辐射性能的前提下，具有小尺寸的优势。具体而言，在第二方向A2上，天线的总长度为λL/2，λL为偶极子天线20的低频辐射单元22的谐振波长；在第一方向A1上，天线的总长度为小于λh/2，λh为折合天线10的谐振波长，具体实施方式中，在第一方向A1上，天线的总长度为λh/4￣λh/3。其中折合天线10在第二方向A2上的尺寸为λh/10￣λh/2。
本申请提供的天线不限于印制在介质板上的微带线形式，也可以为金属结构，或者微带线与金属结构相结合，例如折合天线10为金属结构，偶极子天线20为印制在介质板上的微带线结构，耦合结合可以为微带线结构，耦合结构30与折合天线10连接的可以通过焊接固定，或者金属弹片导电连接等连接方式。
以上所揭露的仅为本申请较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本申请之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于申请所涵盖的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括折合天线、偶极子天线和耦合结构；
    所述折合天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第一方向，所述偶极子天线的主辐射体的延伸方向为第二方向，所述第一方向和所述第二方向正交；
    在所述第二方向上，所述折合天线设置在所述偶极子天线的一端；
    所述折合天线的工作频率为第一频段，所述偶极子天线的工作频率包括第二频段，所述第一频段高于所述第二频段；
    所述耦合结构连接在所述折合天线与所述偶极子天线之间；
    在所述第二频段下，所述耦合结构产生谐振，使得所述折合天线参与所述偶极子天线的辐射；
    在所述第一频段下，所述耦合结构具隔离功能。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述耦合结构包括第一耦合线和第二耦合线，所述第一耦合线连接至所述折合天线，所述第二耦合线连接至所述偶极子天线，所述第一耦合线和所述第二耦合线之间形成间隙，且构成串联的等效电感和电容。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一耦合线垂直于所述折合天线的主辐射体，所述第二耦合线平行于所述第一耦合线。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二耦合线的数量为两个，两个所述第二耦合线平行设置布在所述第一耦合线的两侧。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述折合天线的主辐射体包括相对间隔设置的第一辐射段和第二辐射段，所述折合天线还包括连接在所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间，且与所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段共同构成环状架构的第一连接段和第二连接段，在所述第二频段下，所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段参与所述偶极子天线的辐射。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一连接段包括沿第三方向往复延伸的第一走线，所述第一走线用于形成无辐射感性加载，以减少所述折合天线的尺寸，所述第三方向与所述第二方向形成夹角。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间形成容纳空间，所述第一走线的延伸路径位于所述容纳空间内。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一走线往复延伸的周期包括多个。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一走线延伸的路径呈蛇形、锯齿形或波浪线形。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一走线包括多段相互平行的第一线，相邻的所述第一线之间通过第二线连接，以形成连续延伸的所述第一走线。
  11. 如权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一连接段还包括对称分布在所述第一走线两侧的第三线和第四线，所述第一走线与所述第一辐射段之间通过所述第三线连接，所述第一走线与所述第二辐射段之间通过所述第四线连接。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第三线和所述第四线的延伸方向均为所述第二方向。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二连接段包括依次连接在所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间的第五线、第二走线和第六线，所述第二走线为沿第三方向往 复延伸的架构，用于形成无辐射感性加载，以减少所述折合天线的尺寸，所述第五线和所述第三线和所述第一辐射段共同构成半波辐射体。
  14. 如权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二辐射段包括第一主体、第二主体和馈电枝节，所述第一主体包括第一连接端和第一馈电端，所述第一连接端连接至所述第一连接段，所述第二主体包括第二连接端和第二馈电端，所述第二连接端连接至所述第二连接段，所述第一馈电端和所述第二馈电端相对设置且二者之间形成间隙，所述馈电枝节连接至所述第一馈电端，所述馈电枝节形成开口朝向所述第二主体的包围空间，所述第二主体至少部分伸入所述包围空间，所述第二馈电端位于所述包围空间内，所述馈电枝节和所述包围空间内的部分所述第二主体构成共面波导结构，所述第二主体设有馈电孔，所述馈电孔用于供第一馈线穿过，通过所述第一馈线与所述馈电共面波导结构电连接，以对所述折合天线馈电。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一馈线的外导体与所述第二主体电连接，所述第一馈线的内导体穿过所述馈电孔后弯折，并与所述第一主体电连接。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述偶极子天线包括高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元，所述耦合结构连接至所述低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元的工作频率为所述第二频段，所述高频辐射单元的工作频率为第三频段和第四频段，所述第四频段高于所述第三频段，所述第三频段高于所述第二频段。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的天线，其特征在于，所述低频辐射单元为轴对称结构，其对称轴为中轴线，所述耦合结构的数量为两个，且分别在所述中轴线的两侧。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的天线，其特征在于，所述高频辐射单元对称分布在所述低频辐射单元的两侧，所述中轴线亦为所述高频辐射单元的对称轴，所述折合天线的主辐射体包括相对间隔设置的第一辐射段和第二辐射段，所述折合天线还包括连接在所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段之间，且与所述第一辐射段和所述第二辐射段共同构成环状架构的第一连接段和第二连接段，在所述第二频段下，所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段参与所述低频辐射单元的辐射，在所述第二方向上，所述高频辐射单元与所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段正对设置。
  19. 一种天线模组，其特征在于，包括第一馈线、第二馈线和如权利要求1－18任一项所述天线，所述第一馈线与所述折合天线连接，所述第二馈线与所述偶极子天线连接。
  20. 一种无线网络设备，包括馈电网络和如权利要求19所述的天线模组，所述馈电网络与所述天线模组的所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线连接，实现对所述折合天线和所述偶极子天线的激励。
PCT/CN2021/081771 2020-03-24 2021-03-19 天线、天线模组及无线网络设备 WO2021190411A1 (zh)

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KR102643317B1 (ko) 2024-03-07
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US20230020807A1 (en) 2023-01-19
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US12119570B2 (en) 2024-10-15

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