WO2016135853A1 - 蓄電池管理装置、方法及びプログラム - Google Patents
蓄電池管理装置、方法及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016135853A1 WO2016135853A1 PCT/JP2015/055229 JP2015055229W WO2016135853A1 WO 2016135853 A1 WO2016135853 A1 WO 2016135853A1 JP 2015055229 W JP2015055229 W JP 2015055229W WO 2016135853 A1 WO2016135853 A1 WO 2016135853A1
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- chargeable
- battery
- storage battery
- dischargeable capacity
- secondary battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a storage battery management device, method, and program.
- a large-scale storage battery using a secondary battery is added to the power generation system, and fluctuations in the output of natural energy are suppressed by charging / discharging power from the storage battery, or surplus power is stored in the storage battery. Such applications are expected.
- the utilization purpose of the storage battery system for the electric power system includes suppression of output fluctuation of natural energy and stabilization of the frequency of the electric power system.
- the storage battery system When the storage battery system is used for such an application, the storage battery constantly charges and discharges and there is little time to stop the system.
- a current integration method or the like has been used as a method for estimating the SOC of a storage battery.
- current measurement errors accumulate, and the SOC cannot be estimated correctly. There is a risk that the operation of the storage battery system may be hindered.
- the estimated SOC value when the estimated SOC value is estimated to be less than the original value, the dischargeable capacity is apparently reduced, and the storage battery system cannot be operated efficiently, or the estimated SOC value is estimated. If the value is estimated more than the original value, the storage battery may reach the end-of-discharge voltage (V lower ) before the SOC reaches 0%, and the storage battery system may stop unexpectedly. It was.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and even in a storage battery system in which charging and discharging are constantly repeated, it is possible to correctly estimate a capacity that can be actually charged and discharged and to stably operate the storage battery system.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery management device, method and program.
- the chargeable / dischargeable capacity table of the storage battery management apparatus stores in advance the chargeable / dischargeable capacity corresponding to the temperature, SOC, required charge rate or discharge rate, and battery deterioration rate of the secondary battery.
- the control unit calculates the actual chargeable / dischargeable capacity by referring to the chargeable / dischargeable capacity table based on the secondary battery temperature, SOC, required charge rate or discharge rate, and battery deterioration rate, and the communication control unit Then, the calculated chargeable / dischargeable capacity of the secondary battery is notified to the host device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a natural energy power generation system including a storage battery system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of the storage battery system of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of detailed configurations of the cell module, the CMU, and the BMU.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an equivalent circuit model of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the dischargeable electric energy when the discharge rates are different.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process for estimating the deterioration rate of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a change state of the estimated internal resistance value with respect to the average SOC at the same average battery temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a natural energy power generation system including a storage battery system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of the storage battery system of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of detailed configurations of the cell module, the CMU
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a chargeable power amount prediction table at a predetermined battery deterioration rate.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a dischargeable power amount prediction table at a predetermined battery deterioration rate.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a specific example of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a calculation circuit for calculating the chargeable capacity of the secondary battery using the chargeable power amount calculation table.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a calculation circuit for calculating the dischargeable capacity of the secondary battery using the dischargeable power amount calculation table.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a natural energy power generation system including a storage battery system.
- the natural energy power generation system 100 uses natural energy (renewable energy) such as sunlight, hydropower, wind power, biomass, geothermal heat, and the like.
- the surplus power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 is charged based on the measurement result of the power meter 2 that measures power and the wind power and the power meter 2, and the insufficient power is discharged and superimposed on the generated power of the natural energy power generation unit 1
- the storage battery system 3 to output, the transformer 4 that performs voltage conversion of the output power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 (including the case where the output power of the storage battery system 3 is superimposed), and the local control of the storage battery system 3
- a host controller that performs remote control of the storage battery controller 5 and a plurality of storage battery systems 3 (not shown). It is provided with a 6, a.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of the storage battery system of the embodiment.
- the storage battery system 3 can be broadly divided into a storage battery device 11 that stores electric power, and a power conversion device (PCS: Power) that converts DC power supplied from the storage battery device 11 into AC power having a desired power quality and supplies it to a load. Conditioning System) 12.
- PCS Power
- Conditioning System 12.
- the storage battery device 11 roughly comprises a plurality of battery boards 21-1 to 21-N (N is a natural number) and a battery terminal board 22 to which the battery boards 21-1 to 21-N are connected.
- the battery boards 21-1 to 21-N include a plurality of battery units 23-1 to 23-M (M is a natural number) connected in parallel to each other, a gateway device 24, and a BMU (Battery Management Unit: battery management described later).
- Device and a DC power supply device 25 for supplying a DC power supply for operation to a CMU (Cell Monitoring Unit).
- the battery units 23-1 to 23-M are connected to an output power supply via a high potential power supply line (high potential power supply line) LH and a low potential power supply line (low potential power supply line) LL, respectively.
- Lines (output power supply lines; bus lines) LHO and LLO are connected to supply power to the power converter 12 that is the main circuit.
- the battery unit 23-1 is roughly divided into a plurality (24 in FIG. 1) of cell modules 31-1 to 31-24, and a plurality of (see FIG. 1) provided in each of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24. 24) CMU 32-1 to 32-24, a service disconnect 33 provided between the cell module 31-12 and the cell module 31-13, a current sensor 34, and a contactor 35.
- the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24, the service disconnect 33, the current sensor 34, and the contactor 35 are connected in series.
- the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 form a battery pack by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series and parallel.
- a plurality of cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 connected in series constitute an assembled battery group.
- the battery unit 23-1 includes a BMU 36, and the communication lines of the CMUs 32-1 to 32-24 and the output line of the current sensor 34 are connected to the BMU 36.
- the BMU 36 controls the entire battery unit 23-1 under the control of the gateway device 24, and determines the communication results (voltage data and temperature data described later) and the detection results of the current sensor 34 with the CMUs 32-1 to 32-24. Based on this, the contactor 35 is controlled to open and close.
- the battery terminal board 22 includes a plurality of panel breakers 41-1 to 41-N provided corresponding to the battery boards 21-1 to 21-N and a master configured as a microcomputer that controls the entire storage battery device 11. (Master) device 42.
- the master device 42 is configured as a control power line 51 and Ethernet (registered trademark) supplied via the UPS (Uninterruptible Power System) 12A of the power conversion device 12 between the power conversion device 12 and the control data. Are connected to a control communication line 52 that exchanges data.
- UPS Uninterruptible Power System
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of detailed configurations of the cell module, the CMU, and the BMU.
- Each of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 includes a plurality (10 in FIG. 2) of battery cells 61-1 to 61-10 connected in series.
- CMUs 32-1 to 32-24 are voltage temperature measurement ICs (Analog Front End IC: AFE) for measuring the voltage of the battery cells constituting the corresponding cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 and the temperature of a predetermined location.
- -IC) 62 an MPU 63 that controls the entire CMU 32-1 to 32-24, and a communication controller 64 that conforms to the CAN (Controller Area Network) standard for performing CAN communication with the BMU 36, And a memory 65 for storing voltage data and temperature data corresponding to the voltage of each cell.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- each of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 and the corresponding CMUs 32-1 to 32-24 will be referred to as battery modules 37-1 to 37-24.
- a configuration in which the cell module 31-1 and the corresponding CMU 32-1 are combined is referred to as a battery module 37-1.
- the BMU 36 is transmitted from the MPU 71 that controls the entire BMU 36, the communication controller 72 conforming to the CAN standard for performing CAN communication between the CMUs 32-1 to 32-24, and the CMUs 32-1 to 32-24. And a memory 73 for storing voltage data and temperature data.
- the storage battery controller 5 detects the generated power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 and suppresses output fluctuations of the generated power using the storage battery device 11 in order to reduce the influence of the generated power on the power system.
- the fluctuation suppression amount for the storage battery device 11 is calculated by the storage battery controller 5 or its upper control device 6 and is given as a charge / discharge command to a PCS (Power Conditioning System) 12 corresponding to the storage battery device 11.
- PCS Power Conditioning System
- the storage battery controller 5 includes a chargeable power amount prediction table 5TC and a dischargeable power amount prediction table 5TD for predicting the chargeable power amount and the dischargeable power amount of the storage battery device 11 (hereinafter, both , The chargeable / dischargeable power amount prediction table 5T) is held in advance.
- the storage battery controller 5 handles the storage battery device 11 as one storage battery, and uses the current SOC, battery temperature, charge / discharge power, and battery deterioration rate of the storage battery device 11 to calculate the chargeable electric energy or the dischargeable electric energy. Predict.
- the predicted chargeable electric energy or dischargeable electric energy is notified to the upper control device 6, and the upper control device 6 performs charge / discharge control of the storage battery device 11 based on the predicted value.
- the chargeable power amount prediction table 5TC and the dischargeable power amount prediction table 5TD use the equivalent circuit model of the secondary battery and the characteristic value of the secondary battery acquired in advance, and each battery state (battery temperature, The result of estimating the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the SOC) is stored.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an equivalent circuit model of the secondary battery.
- the equivalent circuit model of the secondary battery includes an open circuit voltage OCV (Open Circuit Voltage), a reaction resistance Ra that is a resistance component that instantaneously increases immediately after the application of a constant current pulse, and a constant current pulse being applied. It can be expressed by a diffused resistor Rb and a capacitor component C, which are resistance components that gradually increase.
- OCV Open Circuit Voltage
- reaction resistance Ra is an ion conduction resistance in the separator part inside the battery, and a charge transfer resistance of the positive electrode / negative electrode.
- the diffusion resistance Rb is a resistance component due to the diffusion delay of ions inside the positive and negative electrode active material particles.
- the open circuit voltage OCV, reaction resistance Ra, diffusion resistance Rb, and capacitor component C which are characteristic values of the secondary battery, can be measured by a secondary battery characteristic test such as a constant current pulse method.
- the charge / discharge operation of the storage battery is simulated, the chargeable / dischargeable power amount for each battery state is calculated in advance, and the chargeable / dischargeable power amount prediction is performed.
- the table 5T is recorded in a storage device (not shown) mounted on the storage battery controller 5.
- the amount of chargeable / dischargeable energy of the storage battery varies not only with the current SOC and battery temperature, but also with the magnitude of the charge / discharge power (charge / discharge rate: 2 hour rate, 1 hour rate, 1/2 hour rate, etc.) To do.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the dischargeable electric energy when the discharge rates are different.
- a discharge capacity Cap 1 (corresponding to the area of height P1 and width x in FIG. 5) in the case of discharging with power P 1 corresponding to the 1 hour rate and a case of discharging with power P 2 corresponding to the 2 hour rate Comparing the discharge capacity Cap 2 (corresponding to the area of height P2 and width 2x in FIG. 5), Cap 1 ⁇ Cap 2
- the substantial amount of electric power that can be discharged is larger. This is because, generally, when the charge / discharge current is large, the voltage rise or voltage drop increases, and the substantial charge / discharge capacity decreases.
- a chargeable power amount prediction table 5TC and a dischargeable power amount prediction table 5TD are prepared for each charging rate or discharging rate in order to improve prediction accuracy.
- the secondary battery deteriorates with charge / discharge cycles and changes with time, and the internal resistance value increases and the battery capacity decreases. Although the deterioration tendency of the secondary battery varies, it is considered that the secondary battery appears particularly in the increase of the reaction resistance Ra in the equivalent circuit model.
- reaction resistance Ra is increased several times in a battery in an end-of-life state (EOL: End Of Life) compared to a battery in an initial state (BOL: Begin Of Life). Due to the change in the internal resistance value, the chargeable / dischargeable electric energy of the secondary battery changes.
- the amount of chargeable / dischargeable power after deterioration is predicted by grasping the increasing tendency of the internal resistance value and estimating the deterioration rate of the secondary battery. Specifically, the ratio of the current internal resistance value to the internal resistance value acquired at the time of BOL is obtained and defined as the battery deterioration rate.
- a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable power amount prediction tables 5T prepared in advance are prepared according to the deterioration rate of the secondary battery, and the chargeable / dischargeable power amount is predicted according to the current battery deterioration rate.
- SOH State Of Health
- the battery capacity is often defined as the time to end of life was reduced to 80% of the initial battery capacity Cap 0.
- the battery capacity Cap EOL at the end of the life can be defined by equation (2).
- Cap EOL Cap 0 ⁇ 0.8 (2)
- the initial internal resistance value is R 0
- the current internal resistance value is R
- the internal resistance value at the end of life is R EOL
- the secondary battery The SOH is represented by the formula (3).
- the internal resistance value R EOL at the end of life increases to several times the initial internal resistance value R 0 .
- the battery capacity and the internal resistance value change depending on the battery temperature regardless of the deterioration of the battery.
- the internal resistance increases as the temperature decreases, and the chargeable / dischargeable capacity decreases.
- the internal resistance value of the lithium ion battery decreases, so that the chargeable / dischargeable capacity slightly increases.
- the SOH of a secondary battery when estimating the SOH of a secondary battery from changes in battery capacity or internal resistance, it must be measured under the same temperature conditions. If it is possible to continuously measure the battery capacity and the internal resistance value under the same temperature condition, the SOH of the battery can be estimated.
- the internal resistance estimation method described in Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 is one means for solving such a problem, and analyzes the correlation between the current change during charging and discharging and the battery voltage change, This is to estimate the DC internal resistance of the battery.
- the internal resistance value of the secondary battery can be calculated using any of the total voltage of the series unit, the battery module voltage, or the voltage of each battery cell. Further, the internal resistance value of each battery cell can be grasped in more detail as the latter becomes the order of the total voltage of the series unit ⁇ the battery module voltage ⁇ the voltage of each battery cell.
- the battery temperature always changes due to the influence of not only the change in ambient temperature but also the internal heat generation of the secondary battery. Therefore, unless the change in the internal resistance value due to the battery temperature and the change in the internal resistance value accompanying the battery deterioration can be separated, the deterioration state of the secondary battery cannot be accurately grasped. Therefore, the estimation of the internal resistance value is repeated every certain period, and the respective estimated values are clustered based on the average battery temperature and the average SOC at the time of analysis.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process for estimating the deterioration rate of the secondary battery.
- the charge / discharge current, the battery cell voltage, and the battery temperature are measured at regular intervals (for example, 100 ms) (step S11).
- the measured value (equivalent to a current waveform) of the charging / discharging current measured within a certain period (for example, every few tens of minutes) is wavelet transformed, and the wavelet coefficient W ⁇ i (a, b) [a: Dilation (enlargement / reduction), b: shift] is calculated (step S12).
- the measured value (equivalent to a voltage waveform) of the battery cell voltage in the same period is wavelet transformed to calculate the wavelet coefficient W ⁇ V (a, b) for each frequency (step S13).
- the internal resistance value R (a) of the storage battery device 11 is expressed by equation (4). Calculation is performed by the represented regression analysis (step S14). This internal resistance value R (a) is calculated for each frequency.
- the analysis level in the wavelet transform is j
- the resistance value R [j] is expressed by the following equation (5).
- the estimation error may increase due to the influence of noise from the measurement sensor, the influence of the battery temperature, or the SOC. Therefore, a higher frequency side, and, when the coefficient of determination R 2 is a deterioration rate of the secondary battery at a high frequency estimation in the regression analysis, more estimation accuracy is increased.
- the internal resistance value R (a) is estimated from the charge / discharge current and the battery cell voltage measured at any time, clustered based on the average value of the battery temperature and SOC in the estimated section, and in each measurement condition The increase rate of the internal resistance value R (a) is grasped.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a change state of the estimated internal resistance value with respect to the average SOC at the same average battery temperature.
- the internal resistance estimated value having the same average battery temperature in the estimation period (estimated section) is shown with the internal resistance estimated value as the vertical axis and the average SOC as the horizontal axis.
- the deterioration rate of the battery is estimated by grasping the increasing tendency of the internal resistance value accompanying the deterioration of the secondary battery. From the above results, the chargeable / dischargeable power amount prediction table 5T held in the controller 2 is a prediction of the chargeable / dischargeable power amount using the four parameters of SOC, battery temperature, charge / discharge rate, and battery deterioration rate (SOH). Have been to do.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a chargeable power amount prediction table at a predetermined battery deterioration rate.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a dischargeable power amount prediction table at a predetermined battery deterioration rate.
- the chargeable electric energy according to the deterioration rate (SOH) of the storage battery is predicted from the chargeable electric energy prediction table 5TC, or the discharge according to the deterioration rate (SOH) of the storage battery is possible from the dischargeable electric energy prediction table 5TD. Predict the amount of power.
- the chargeable electric energy at the 2-hour rate charge rate is shown in FIG. As shown, it is 106 kWh.
- the chargeable power amount at the 2-hour rate discharge rate is as shown in FIG. 90 kWh.
- the chargeable power amount and the dischargeable power amount can be predicted more reliably based on the state of the storage battery and the charge / discharge conditions.
- the storage battery host controller can perform charge / discharge control of the storage battery within a predetermined capacity range (referred to as the operational capacity Cap_l) at any time within the expected life of the secondary battery. become able to.
- a predetermined capacity range referred to as the operational capacity Cap_l
- a method of limiting the operation range (use range) of the battery using SOC is also conceivable. For example, in order to limit the operating capacity to 100 kWh, it is conceivable to limit the SOC to 20% to 80%. However, since the relationship between the SOC and the dischargeable capacity varies depending on the battery temperature and the deterioration state, the dischargeable capacity cannot be accurately obtained by this method.
- the chargeable / dischargeable power of the secondary battery at the end of life using the chargeable power amount prediction table 5TC and the dischargeable power amount prediction table 5TD used in the first embodiment.
- Estimate the amount estimate the actual capacity of the secondary battery during operation including the end of life (EOL), so that the actual operating capacity within the expected life is within the range of the actual capacity and shorten the battery life
- the operational capacity is calculated so that the operation is not performed.
- EOL end of life
- the actual capacity is always larger than the operating capacity in any operation within the expected life, so the operating capacity of the secondary battery does not exceed the limit of the actual capacity. Therefore, it can be ensured reliably, and it is possible to always operate with the same control without considering the deterioration state.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a calculation circuit for calculating the chargeable capacity of the secondary battery using the chargeable power amount calculation table.
- the storage battery system 3 measures the temperature of each battery module in the storage battery system 3, calculates the minimum temperature, and notifies the storage battery controller 5 of the temperature. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, when the secondary batteries are connected in parallel, the storage battery system 3 estimates their average SOC and notifies the storage battery controller 5.
- the storage battery controller 5 estimates the current deterioration rate (SOH) of the storage battery using the secondary battery deterioration rate estimation method described in the first embodiment. Then, the storage battery controller 5 calculates the chargeable power amount of the storage battery from the chargeable power amount calculation table using the minimum battery temperature, the average SOC, the current charge / discharge power, and the battery deterioration rate as parameters.
- This chargeable electric energy is the electric energy that can be charged with respect to the entire capacity of the storage battery.
- This chargeable electric energy is the electric energy that can be charged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% (indicated as kWh @ SOC 50% in the figure).
- the storage battery controller 5 functions as a subtracter, and subtracts the chargeable electric energy when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% from the chargeable electric energy for the entire capacity of the storage battery.
- the storage battery controller 5 can charge the secondary battery from the chargeable power amount with respect to the total capacity of the storage battery when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50%.
- the value obtained by subtracting the correct amount of power is output to one input terminal of the adder as it is.
- the selector of the storage battery control controller 5 displays the amount of power that can be charged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% (in the figure, expressed as kWh @ SOC 50%). ) Is equal to or greater than 1 ⁇ 2 of the operational capacity Cap_l, 1 ⁇ 2 of the operational capacity Cap_l is output to the other input terminal of the adder.
- the selector of the storage battery controller 5 determines that the amount of power that can be charged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% (indicated as kWh @ SOC 50% in the figure) is less than 1 ⁇ 2 of the operating capacity Cap_l. Outputs the chargeable electric energy when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% to the other input terminal of the adder.
- the adder of the storage battery controller 5 adds the output of the limiter and the output of the selector and outputs the result as a chargeable capacity.
- the host control device can always charge the storage battery within the determined capacity range without being aware of the decrease in the battery capacity due to the battery deterioration. In this way, by making a prediction based on the rechargeable power amount calculation table 5TC according to the battery temperature or the deterioration state of the battery, the chargeable capacity can be compared with a method in which the use range of the battery is simply limited based on the SOC. Prediction accuracy can be improved.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a calculation circuit for calculating the dischargeable capacity of the secondary battery using the dischargeable power amount calculation table.
- the storage battery system 3 measures the temperature of each battery module in the storage battery system 3, calculates the minimum temperature, and notifies the storage battery controller 5 of the temperature. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, when the secondary batteries are connected in parallel, the storage battery system 3 estimates their average SOC and notifies the storage battery controller 5.
- the storage battery controller 5 estimates the current deterioration rate (SOH) of the storage battery using the secondary battery deterioration rate estimation method described in the first embodiment. Then, the storage battery controller 5 calculates the dischargeable power amount of the storage battery from the dischargeable power amount calculation table 5TD using the minimum battery temperature, average SOC, current charge / discharge power and battery deterioration rate as parameters.
- This dischargeable electric energy is the electric energy that can be discharged with respect to the entire capacity of the storage battery.
- This dischargeable electric energy is the electric energy that can be charged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% (indicated as kWh @ SOC 50% in the figure).
- the subtracter of the storage battery controller 5 subtracts the amount of electric power that can be discharged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% from the amount of electric power that can be discharged with respect to the entire capacity of the storage battery.
- the storage battery controller 5 can discharge at the time when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% from the amount of power that can be discharged with respect to the total capacity of the storage battery.
- the value obtained by subtracting the correct amount of power is output to one input terminal of the adder as it is.
- the limiter of the storage battery controller 5 determines the reference SOC of the secondary battery from the amount of power that can be discharged with respect to the total capacity of the storage battery. Instead of the value obtained by subtracting the amount of power that can be discharged at 50%, 1 ⁇ 2 of the operating capacity Cap_l is output to one input terminal of the adder.
- the selector of the storage battery controller 5 displays the amount of power that can be discharged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% (in the figure, kWh @ SOC is represented as 50%) ) Is equal to or greater than 1 ⁇ 2 of the operational capacity Cap_l, 1 ⁇ 2 of the operational capacity Cap_l is output to the other input terminal of the adder.
- the selector of the storage battery controller 5 determines that the amount of power that can be charged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% (indicated as kWh @ SOC 50% in the figure) is less than 1 ⁇ 2 of the operating capacity Cap_l. Outputs the amount of electric power that can be discharged when the reference SOC of the secondary battery is 50% to the other input terminal of the adder.
- Cap_l 100 kWh.
- the current battery temperature is 30 ° C.
- SOC 70%
- discharge power 80 kW (2 hour rate)
- SOH 0%
- the current dischargeable capacity limited to the operating capacity of 100 kWh is calculated by the following procedure.
- the discharge battery voltage reaches 0 kWh before the dischargeable energy reaches 0 kWh in the vicinity of the end of the discharge where it is difficult to predict the amount of dischargeable energy, so that the storage battery system can be expected. It is possible to avoid stopping without stopping. Further, the host control device can always discharge the storage battery within the determined capacity range without being aware of the decrease in the battery capacity due to the battery deterioration.
- the actual operating capacity within the expected life is within the range of the actual capacity, and the operation that shortens the battery life is not performed.
- the operating capacity is calculated, the actual capacity that can be discharged is always larger than the discharging capacity, so the operating capacity of the secondary battery can be ensured without exceeding the limit of the actual capacity. Therefore, it is possible to always perform the operation during discharging with the same control without considering the deterioration state.
- charging and discharging is performed compared to a method in which the use range of the battery is simply limited based on the SOC by performing prediction based on the chargeable / dischargeable power amount calculation table corresponding to the battery temperature and the deterioration state of the battery.
- the prediction accuracy of the possible capacity can be improved.
- the operating capacity is distributed evenly with respect to the chargeable / dischargeable electric energy in the reference SOC at a certain battery temperature.
- the actual capacity from the BOL to the EOL of the secondary battery (storage battery). As long as the operating capacity is surely contained, the method can be applied in the same manner regardless of how it is distributed.
- a secondary battery (storage battery) is used for suppressing output fluctuations of a natural energy power generation device
- the storage battery is controlled by a host control device that controls the storage battery so that charging and discharging can be performed whenever necessary. It is necessary to charge and discharge while always controlling the SOC so as not to reach a full charge state or a complete discharge state.
- a margin is given to the battery capacity in accordance with the expected life of the storage battery, and control is performed within the range of the operating capacity based on SOC 50% (restriction of the use range of the storage battery).
- SOC 50% repetition of the use range of the storage battery.
- the host controller 6 requests the storage battery controller 5 that controls the storage battery system 3 to release the use range restriction when the storage battery is used preferentially for uses such as peak cut.
- the storage battery controller 5 when the storage battery controller 5 receives a request for releasing the use range restriction, the storage battery controller 5 releases the use range restriction and sets the margin to zero. Specifically, the operation capacity Cap_l for performing the use range restriction is temporarily reset to the actual capacity (BOL), and the setting is changed so as to calculate the chargeable / dischargeable capacity.
- the storage battery controller 5 performs charge / discharge with the full capacity up to the range limit of the upper limit voltage (charge end voltage) and lower limit voltage (discharge end voltage) of the storage battery, and temporarily sets the chargeable / dischargeable capacity. Can be increased. Therefore, the system can be operated flexibly.
- the control is performed by changing the margin of the battery capacity when setting the operation capacity. , Flexible control according to the power demand.
- the storage battery management device of this embodiment includes a control device such as a CPU, a storage device such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM, an external storage device such as an HDD and a CD drive device, a display device such as a display device, It has an input device such as a keyboard and a mouse, and has a hardware configuration using a normal computer.
- a control device such as a CPU
- a storage device such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM
- an external storage device such as an HDD and a CD drive device
- a display device such as a display device
- It has an input device such as a keyboard and a mouse, and has a hardware configuration using a normal computer.
- the program executed by the storage battery management device of the present embodiment is a file in an installable or executable format, such as a CD-ROM, flexible disk (FD), CD-R, DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), etc. It is recorded on a readable recording medium and provided.
- the program executed with the storage battery management apparatus of this embodiment may be provided by storing on a computer connected to networks, such as the internet, and downloading via a network.
- the program run with the storage battery management apparatus of this embodiment may be provided or distributed via networks, such as the internet.
- you may comprise so that the program of the storage battery management apparatus of this embodiment may be previously incorporated in ROM etc. and provided.
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Abstract
Description
制御部は、二次電池の温度、SOC、要求される充電率あるいは放電率及び電池劣化率に基づいて充放電可能容量テーブルを参照し、実際の充放電可能容量を算出し、通信制御部は、算出された二次電池の充放電可能容量を上位装置へ通知する。
[1]第1実施形態
図1は、蓄電池システムを備えた自然エネルギー発電システムの概要構成図である。
蓄電池システム3は、大別すると、電力を蓄える蓄電池装置11と、蓄電池装置11から供給された直流電力を所望の電力品質を有する交流電力に変換して負荷に供給する電力変換装置(PCS:Power Conditioning System)12と、を備えている。
電池盤21-1~21-Nは、互いに並列に接続された複数の電池ユニット23-1~23-M(Mは自然数)と、ゲートウェイ装置24と、後述のBMU(Battery Management Unit:電池管理装置)及びCMU(Cell Monitoring Unit:セル監視装置)に動作用の直流電源を供給する直流電源装置25と、を備えている。
電池ユニット23-1~23-Mは、それぞれ、高電位側電源供給ライン(高電位側電源供給線)LH及び低電位側電源供給ライン(低電位側電源供給線)LLを介して、出力電源ライン(出力電源線;母線)LHO、LLOに接続され、主回路である電力変換装置12に電力を供給している。
電池ユニット23-1は、大別すると、複数(図1では、24個)のセルモジュール31-1~31-24と、セルモジュール31-1~31-24にそれぞれ設けられた複数(図1では、24個)のCMU32-1~32-24と、セルモジュール31-12とセルモジュール31-13との間に設けられたサービスディスコネクト33と、電流センサ34と、コンタクタ35と、を備え、複数のセルモジュール31-1~31-24、サービスディスコネクト33、電流センサ34及びコンタクタ35は、直列に接続されている。
BMU36は、ゲートウェイ装置24の制御下で、電池ユニット23-1全体を制御し、各CMU32-1~32-24との通信結果(後述する電圧データ及び温度データ)及び電流センサ34の検出結果に基づいてコンタクタ35の開閉制御を行う。
電池端子盤22は、電池盤21-1~21-Nに対応させて設けられた複数の盤遮断器41-1~41-Nと、蓄電池装置11全体を制御するマイクロコンピュータとして構成されたマスタ(Master)装置42と、を備えている。
セルモジュール31-1~31-24は、それぞれ、直列接続された複数(図2では、10個)の電池セル61-1~61-10を備えている。
蓄電池制御コントローラ5は、図1に示すように、蓄電池装置11の充電可能電力量及び放電可能電力量を予測するための充電可能電力量予測テーブル5TC及び放電可能電力量予測テーブル5TD(以下、両者をまとめて扱うときは、充放電可能電力量予測テーブル5Tという)を予め保持している。
ところで、充電可能電力量予測テーブル5TC及び放電可能電力量予測テーブル5TDは、二次電池の等価回路モデルと、予め取得した二次電池の特性値を用いて、シミュレーションにより各電池状態(電池温度、SOC)における充放電可能な電力量を推定した結果を格納している。
図4は、二次電池の等価回路モデルの説明図である。
二次電池の等価回路モデルは、図4に示すように、開回路電圧OCV(Open Circuit Voltage)、定電流パルス印可直後に瞬時に上昇する抵抗成分である反応抵抗Ra、定電流パルス印可中に緩やかに増加する抵抗成分である拡散抵抗Rb及びキャパシタ成分Cで表すことができる。
また、拡散抵抗Rbは、正負極活物質粒子内部でのイオンの拡散遅れによる抵抗成分である。
1時間率に相当する電力P1で放電する場合の放電容量Cap1(図5中、高さP1、幅xの面積に相当)と、2時間率に相当する電力P2で放電する場合の放電容量Cap2(図5中、高さP2、幅2xの面積に相当)と、を比較すると、
Cap1<Cap2
となっており、2時間率で放電する場合の方が実質的な放電可能電力量は大きくなっている。これは、一般的に充放電電流が大きいと電圧上昇あるいは電圧降下が大きくなり、実質的な充放電可能容量は減少するからである。
そこで、本実施形態では、予測精度を向上させるために充電可能電力量予測テーブル5TC及び放電可能電力量予測テーブル5TDを充電率あるいは放電率毎に用意している。
具体的には、BOL時に取得した内部抵抗値に対する現在の内部抵抗値の比率を求め、それを電池の劣化率と定義する。二次電池の劣化率に応じて、予め複数用意された充放電可能電力量予測テーブル5Tを用意し、現在の電池劣化率に合わせて充放電可能電力量を予測する。
二次電池のSOHに関する定義は様々であるが、二次電池は劣化に伴って内部抵抗が増加するとともに、充放電可能な容量は減少するため、内部抵抗増加率や容量低下率などで表すことができる。例えば、初期の電池容量をCap0、現在の電池容量をCap、寿命末期の電池容量をCapEOLとすると、二次電池のSOHは、(1)式で表される。
CapEOL=Cap0×0.8 …(2)
ここで、電池容量や内部抵抗値は、電池の劣化に関係無く、電池温度によっても変化することに注意しなければならない。
したがって、電池温度による内部抵抗値の変化と、電池劣化に伴う内部抵抗値の変化と、を切り分けることができなければ、二次電池の劣化状態を正確に把握することはできない。そのため、一定期間毎に内部抵抗値の推定を繰り返し、解析時の平均電池温度や平均SOCに基づいてそれぞれの推定値をクラスタリング化する。
図6は、二次電池の劣化率の推定処理フローチャートである。
蓄電池システム3の蓄電池装置11においては、一定周期(例えば、100ms等)毎に、充放電電流、電池セル電圧及び電池温度を計測する(ステップS11)。
また、同一期間内の電池セル電圧の計測値(電圧波形に相当)をウェーブレット変換し、周波数毎のウェーブレット係数WΨV(a,b)を算出する(ステップS13)。
図7においては、推定期間(推定区間)における平均電池温度が同一の内部抵抗推定値を、内部抵抗推定値を縦軸とし、平均SOCを横軸として示している。
以上の結果から、制御コントローラ2に保持する充放電可能電力量予測テーブル5Tは、SOC、電池温度、充放電率、電池劣化率(SOH)の四つのパラメータを用いて充放電可能電力量の予測を行うようにされている。
図9は、所定の電池劣化率における放電可能電力量予測テーブルの一例の説明図である。
以上の説明のように、本第1実施形態によれば、蓄電池の状態及び充放電条件に基づいて充電可能電力量及び放電可能電力量をより確実に予測することができる。
まず、第2実施形態の原理について説明する。
二次電池を自然エネルギーの出力変動抑制に用いる場合、二次電池を制御する上位制御装置は、二次電池のSOCが満充電や完放電に至らないように常に所定の範囲内で制御しながら充放電を行う。また、蓄電池は劣化に伴って充放電可能な容量(実容量)が徐々に減少するため、充放電可能電力量の予測においては電池の劣化も考慮しなければならない。
初期状態(BOL)におけるSOC=100%のときの実容量は、図10左端に示すように、160kWhであり、SOC=0%のときの実容量は、0kWhであるものとする。すなわち、二次電池としての実容量は、160kWhである。
蓄電池システム3は、蓄電池システム3内の各電池モジュールの温度を計測し、その最低温度を算出して蓄電池制御コントローラ5に通知する。また、蓄電池システム3は、図2に示したように、二次電池が並列接続されている場合は、それらの平均SOCを推定し、蓄電池制御コントローラ5に通知する。
そして、蓄電池制御コントローラ5は、最低電池温度、平均SOC、現在の充放電電力及び電池劣化率をパラメータとして、充電可能電力量算出テーブルから蓄電池の充電可能電力量を算出する。この充電可能電力量は、蓄電池の全容量に対する充電可能な電力量である。
現在の電池温度が30℃、SOC=30%、充電可能電力量が80kW(2時間率)、SOH=0%である場合、運用容量100kWhに制限した現在の放電可能容量は、以下の手順で算出される。
具体的には、電池温度30℃、SOC=30%における充電可能電力量は、139kWhと求められる。
具体的には、電池温度30℃、SOC=50%における放電可能電力量は、99kWhと求められる。
蓄電池システム3は、蓄電池システム3内の各電池モジュールの温度を計測し、その最低温度を算出して蓄電池制御コントローラ5に通知する。また、蓄電池システム3は、図2に示したように、二次電池が並列接続されている場合は、それらの平均SOCを推定し、蓄電池制御コントローラ5に通知する。
そして、蓄電池制御コントローラ5は、最低電池温度、平均SOC、現在の充放電電力及び電池劣化率をパラメータとして、放電可能電力量算出テーブル5TDから蓄電池の放電可能電力量を算出する。この放電可能電力量は、蓄電池の全容量に対する放電可能な電力量である。
より具体的には、例えば、BOL時の定格容量160kWhの蓄電池を運用容量Cap_l=100kWhに制限して制御を行う場合を考える。
現在の電池温度が30℃、SOC=70%、放電電力が80kW(2時間率)、SOH=0%である場合、運用容量100kWhに制限した現在の放電可能容量は、以下の手順で算出される。
具体的には、電池温度30℃、SOC=70%における放電可能電力量は、126kWhと求められる。
具体的には、電池温度30℃、SOC=50%における放電可能電力量は、90kWhと求められる。
二次電池(蓄電池)を自然エネルギー発電装置の出力変動抑制に用いる場合、常時必要に応じて充放電を行えるように、蓄電池を制御する上位制御装置からは、蓄電池が満充電状態や完全放電状態に至らないように常にSOCを制御しながら充放電を行う必要がある。
一方で、電力供給能力に対して電力需要が大幅に増加した場合、ピークカットを目的として蓄電池内に蓄えられた全ての電力エネルギーを放電するケースにも対応することができることが望まれる。
そのため、上位制御装置6は、ピークカットなどの用途に蓄電池を優先して用いる場合に、蓄電池システム3を制御している蓄電池制御コントローラ5に対して、使用範囲制限を解除することを要求する。
具体的には、前記使用範囲制限を行うための運用容量Cap_lを一時的に実容量(BOL)に再設定し、充放電可能容量を算出するように設定変更を行う。
また、本実施形態の蓄電池管理装置のプログラムを、ROM等に予め組み込んで提供するように構成してもよい。
Claims (8)
- 二次電池の温度、SOC、要求される充電率あるいは放電率及び電池劣化率に対応する充放電可能容量を予め記憶した充放電可能容量テーブルと、
前記二次電池の温度、SOC、要求される充電率あるいは放電率及び電池劣化率に基づいて前記充放電可能容量テーブルを参照し、実際の充放電可能容量を算出する制御部と、
前記二次電池の充放電可能容量を上位装置へ通知する通信制御部と、
を備えた蓄電池管理装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記充放電可能容量テーブルを参照して得られる充放電可能容量に対して所定のマージンを確保して前記運用容量を設定する、
請求項1記載の蓄電池管理装置。 - 前記制御部は、当該蓄電池管理装置の上位装置から要求があった場合に、前記マージンを一時的に零に設定する、
請求項2記載の蓄電池管理装置。 - 前記制御部は、予め設定された基準SOCを基準として、前記運用容量を設定する、
請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項記載の蓄電池管理装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記二次電池の内部抵抗値の測定値あるいは推定値に基づいて前記電池劣化率を算出する、
請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項記載の蓄電池管理装置。 - 前記充放電可能容量テーブルは、前記二次電池の等価回路モデル及び前記二次電池の特性値を用いて、シミュレーションにより算出した前記充放電可能容量を記憶している、
請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項記載の蓄電池管理装置。 - 二次電池の温度、SOC、要求される充電率あるいは放電率及び電池劣化率に対応する充放電可能容量を予め記憶した充放電可能容量テーブルを有し、前記二次電池の充放電を管理する蓄電池管理装置において実行される方法であって、
前記二次電池の温度、SOC、要求される充電率あるいは放電率及び電池劣化率に基づいて前記充放電可能容量テーブルを参照する過程と、
前記充放電可能容量テーブルの参照結果に基づいて実際の充放電可能容量を算出する過程と、
前記二次電池の充放電可能容量を上位装置へ通知する過程と、
を備えた方法。 - 二次電池の温度、SOC、要求される充電率あるいは放電率及び電池劣化率に対応する充放電可能容量を予め記憶した充放電可能容量テーブルを有し、前記二次電池の充放電を管理する蓄電池管理装置をコンピュータにより制御するためのプログラムであって、
前記コンピュータを、
前記二次電池の温度、SOC、要求される充電率あるいは放電率及び電池劣化率に基づいて前記充放電可能容量テーブルを参照する手段と、
前記充放電可能容量テーブルの参照結果に基づいて実際の充放電可能容量を算出する手段と、
前記二次電池の充放電可能容量を上位装置へ通知する手段と、
して機能させるプログラム。
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JP2018132454A (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | 株式会社デンソー | 電池状態推定装置及び電源装置 |
JP2020165908A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 電池特性検知装置 |
JP7207100B2 (ja) | 2019-03-29 | 2023-01-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 電池特性検知装置 |
WO2020241449A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 推定装置、推定方法及びコンピュータプログラム |
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WO2021157120A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-12 | ビークルエナジージャパン株式会社 | 電池管理装置、電池管理方法、電力貯蔵システム |
JP7381617B2 (ja) | 2020-02-04 | 2023-11-15 | ビークルエナジージャパン株式会社 | 電池管理装置、電池管理方法、電力貯蔵システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3086133A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
US10205335B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
CN107615087A (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
KR101763502B1 (ko) | 2017-07-31 |
EP3086133A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
US20160372935A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
JPWO2016135853A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
JP6301935B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 |
KR20160112924A (ko) | 2016-09-28 |
CN107615087B (zh) | 2023-04-18 |
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