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WO2015103832A1 - 强化分级低NOx煤粉燃烧器 - Google Patents

强化分级低NOx煤粉燃烧器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015103832A1
WO2015103832A1 PCT/CN2014/077207 CN2014077207W WO2015103832A1 WO 2015103832 A1 WO2015103832 A1 WO 2015103832A1 CN 2014077207 W CN2014077207 W CN 2014077207W WO 2015103832 A1 WO2015103832 A1 WO 2015103832A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air passage
pulverized coal
secondary air
passage
swirling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/077207
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程怀志
高克迎
Original Assignee
徐州燃控科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2015103832A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015103832A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/10—Nozzle tips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/20—Fuel flow guiding devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of power station boilers, in particular to a reinforced graded low NOx pulverized coal burner suitable for a coal-fired boiler.
  • a part of the air is sprayed into the furnace from the nozzle of the main burner of the lower furnace to meet the oxygen required for early combustion of the coal powder; and another part of the air is sent from the upper air nozzle (burnout outlet) of the furnace to the furnace to make the air chemistry of the main combustion zone.
  • the equivalence ratio is less than 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced graded low NOx pulverized coal burner with compact structure, convenient adjustment, strong adaptability and good use effect in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the enhanced graded low NOx pulverized coal burner of the present invention comprises a primary air passage, a pulverized coal flow equalizer disposed in the inlet of the primary air passage, and the primary air passage is provided with a DC inner secondary air passage, DC
  • the outer wall of the inner secondary air passage is provided with a secondary air passage in the swirling flow which is injected into the furnace after the same passage, and a pulverized coal separator is arranged at the outlet of the primary air passage, and the secondary air in the direct current
  • the channel is provided with a pull rod for adjusting the air inlet of the damper, and the outer portion of the secondary air passage in the direct current is provided with a swirling outer secondary air passage, and the outer secondary air passage at the outer portion of the swirling flow is provided with the outer secondary swirling vane.
  • Adjusting adjustment device flare taper angle ⁇ of primary air passage outlet, inner taper outlet sleeve taper taper angle ⁇ , outer secondary air passage outlet flare taper angle ⁇ 40-45 ° .
  • the pulverized coal separator is a cylindrical annular channel tube, and the outer wall of the channel tube is provided with a wind guiding blade, and the channel tube is cast by a wear-resistant material or is made of a wear-resistant material inside and outside the ordinary steel material.
  • the adjusting device comprises a set of rotatable blades arranged tangentially along the inner circumference of the swirling outer secondary air passage, a crankshaft for adjusting the swinging direction of the blades, and a driving connecting rod shaft connected to the crankshaft.
  • the present invention can adjust the relationship between NOx and fly ash combustibles and achieve mutually preferable values.
  • fly ash combustible When the fly ash combustible is high, the secondary air passage in the swirling flow will be opened and the secondary air volume of the swirling flow will be increased, the swirling intensity of the entire airflow will be increased, the mixing of the coal powder and the air will be strengthened, and the pre-combustion will be enhanced to make the fly Ash combustibles are reduced.
  • the NOx emission is high, the secondary air volume in the swirl is reduced and the DC secondary air volume is increased, so that the mixing of the secondary air and the pulverized coal flame is weakened, and the combustion is delayed.
  • the coal of the invention has strong adaptability. Design a unique pulverized coal flow equalizer and pulverized coal separator for different coal types. At the same time, through the internal secondary air regulating rod and the external secondary air regulating device, the air volume and/or the swirling intensity of the internal and external secondary air can be adjusted, and the mixing timing of the high temperature flue gas recirculation zone and the secondary air of the burner nozzle center is controlled. To meet the ignition and stability requirements of different coal types.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, good ignition stability, good regulation performance, strong adaptability of coal type and low NOx emission characteristics.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reinforced graded low NOx pulverized coal burner of the present invention.
  • 1 primary air passage 2 secondary air passage in DC, 3 secondary air passage in swirl, 4 secondary air passage in swirl, 5-pulverized coal flow equalizer, 6-pulverized coal separator, 7 - Expansion of the vertebrae, 8 - pull rods, 9 - adjustment device.
  • the reinforced graded low NOx pulverized coal burner of the present invention mainly comprises a primary air passage 1, a secondary inner secondary air passage 2, and a swirling secondary secondary air passage 3.
  • the cyclone external secondary air passage 4 the pulverized coal flow equalizer 5, the pulverized coal separator 6; the pulverized coal flow equalizer 5 is arranged on the inlet side of the straight pipe section of the primary air passage 1, and the pulverized coal separation is arranged on the outlet side.
  • the primary air passage 1 is provided with a DC inner secondary air passage 2
  • the outer wall of the secondary inner air passage 2 is provided with a secondary air passage 3 in the swirling flow which is injected into the furnace after the same passage.
  • a pulverized coal separator 6 is disposed at the outlet of the primary air passage 1, and the pulverized coal separator 6 is a cylindrical annular passage tube.
  • the outer wall of the passage tube is provided with a guide vane, and the passage tube is cast by a wear resistant material. Or consisting of ordinary steel inside and outside with wear-resistant materials, when the pulverized coal gas flow is guided by the pulverized coal flow equalizer 5 Thereafter, the dense phase gas stream enters the inside of the pulverized coal separator, and the light phase gas stream flows from the outside of the pulverized coal separator.
  • the DC inner secondary air passage 2 is provided with a pull rod 8 for adjusting the air inlet amount of the damper, and the outer portion of the secondary inner air passage 2 of the direct current is provided with a swirling outer secondary air passage 4, and a swirling outer secondary air passage 4 inlet
  • An adjusting device 9 for adjusting the external secondary swirling vane is provided; the adjusting device 9 includes a set of rotatable blades arranged tangentially along the inner circumference of the swirling outer secondary air passage 4, and the adjusting blade swinging
  • the flared taper angle ⁇ of the air outlet of the primary air passage 1 , the flared cone angle of the inner air passage of the secondary air passage, the flared taper angle ⁇ of the outlet of the outer secondary air passage 4 are all 40-45 ° .
  • a concentrated and light pulverized coal concentration distribution structure is formed in the primary air duct, and the pulverized coal separators 6 disposed at the outlet of the straight pipe section of the primary ventilation duct 1 are sprayed into the furnace from the center and the periphery respectively.
  • the mixture After passing through the direct secondary air passage 2 and the secondary air passage 3 in the swirl, the mixture is mixed through the common passage and injected into the furnace through the inner secondary air nozzle.
  • the external secondary air passes through the external secondary air register, it is rotated and injected into the furnace through the external secondary air passage.
  • the original single secondary air passage is divided into two channels, and is respectively set as a secondary air in the direct current and a secondary air passage in the swirling air, and is collected into the inner secondary air passage and sent into the furnace, and mixed into the coal powder flow. Participate in the burning.
  • the fly ash combustible is high, the swirling intensity of the whole airflow is increased by opening the secondary air passage in the swirling flow and increasing the secondary air volume of the swirling flow, strengthening the mixing of the coal powder and the air, strengthening the pre-combustion, and making the fly Ash combustibles are reduced.
  • the inner and outer secondary air nozzles are arranged with adjusting rods, and the secondary air in the swirling flow is a tangential blade structure, and the air volume of the inner secondary air can be adjusted by the pulling rod 8; the secondary air outside the swirling flow is a tangential blade structure,
  • the adjusting device 9 can adjust the swirling intensity of the external secondary air, so that a reasonable high-temperature flue gas recirculation zone can be obtained in the center of the burner, and the timely mixing of the first and second winds can be controlled, so that the central high-concentration coal powder is in the high-temperature smoke.
  • the gas recirculation zone quickly catches fire, burns, and quickly consumes internal oxygen, so that the burner can achieve high-efficiency burnout of coal powder while reducing oxygen oxides in the early stage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

一种强化分级低NOX煤粉燃烧器，包括一次风通道（1）、直流内二次风通道（2）和旋流内二次风通道（3），通过在一次风通道（1）内设置的煤粉均流器（5）和煤粉分离器（6）将煤粉在喷口处分离为内浓外淡的结构喷入炉膛；内二次风分为直流风入口和旋流风入口，在风道内混合后喷入炉膛，通过拉杆（8）控制直流风的风量，从而可以控制内二次风的旋流强度。一、二次风出口均设置一定角度的喷口扩锥（7）结构，有效控制二次风与煤粉的适时混合，同时使喷口水冷壁长期处于氧化气氛中，有效防止燃烧器区域水冷壁的结渣和高温腐蚀的发生。

Description

强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器
技术领域
本发明涉及电站锅炉技术领域， 特别是一种适用于燃煤锅炉的强化分级低 NOx煤 粉燃烧器。
背景技术
随着国家对电站锅炉氮氧化物排放控制的日益严格， 一种全炉膛空气分级配套低 NOx燃烧器的燃烧系统技术得到了广泛应用， 并形成了各种流派的低 NOx旋流和直流 燃烧器技术。 就对冲墙式锅炉而言， 为使氮氧化物在炉内得到有效还原，全炉膛分级燃烧低 NOx 排放技术采用把供应给炉内煤粉燃尽所需要的全部空气 （氧量）分为两部分， 一部分空 气从下炉膛主燃烧器喷口喷入炉膛， 满足煤粉早期燃烧所需氧量； 而另一部分空气从炉 膛上部空气喷口 （燃尽风口） 送人炉膛， 使主燃区的空气化学当量比小于 1。 然而， 在应用上述技术以满足国家污染物减排要求的同时， 特别是应用于原传统燃 烧器的改造时， 目前普遍存在相互矛盾的问题： 1、 采用分级燃烧的低 NOx燃烧器后， 往往会带来燃烧延迟， 从而带来飞灰可燃物偏高。 2、 若采用强化前期煤粉着火和不采 用分级燃烧解决飞灰可燃物偏高， 又带来 NOx偏高。 这二者很难平衡， 而实际改造中， 往往需要在 NOx和飞灰可燃物偏高方面得到一个恰当的平衡点， 即在飞灰可燃物可接 受的程度上， 尽量降低 NOx的排放。 发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是针对已有技术中的不足，提供一种结构紧凑、调节方便、 适应性强、 使用效果好的强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器。 技术方案： 本发明的强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器， 包括一次风通道、 设在一次风通 道入口内的煤粉均流器， 所述一次风通道外围套装有直流内二次风通道， 直流内二次风 通道的外壁上设有汇于同一个通道后喷入炉膛的旋流内二次风通道，所述的一次风通道 出口处设有煤粉分离器， 所述直流内二次风通道上设有调节风门进风量的拉杆， 直流内 二次风通道后部外围套装有旋流外二次风通道，旋流外二次风通道入口处设有可对外二 次风旋流叶片进行调节的调节装置； 一次风通道出风口的扩口锥角 α、 内二次风通道出 风口套筒扩口锥角 β、 外二次风通道出风口的扩口锥角 Υ均为 40-45 ° 。 所述的煤粉分离器为一个圆柱形环状通道管， 通道管外壁上布有导风叶片， 通道管 由耐磨材料铸造或由普通钢材内外镶嵌耐磨材料构成。 所述的调节装置包括沿旋流外二次风通道内圆周切向布置的一组可旋转的叶片、调 节叶片摆动方向的曲轴和连接在曲轴上的主动连杆轴构成。 有益效果： 本发明可以调节 NOx和飞灰可燃物的相互关系， 相互达到较佳值。 在 飞灰可燃物偏高时， 将开启旋流内二次风通道并增大旋流二次风风量， 提高整个气流的 旋流强度， 强化煤粉和空气的混合， 强化前期燃烧， 使飞灰可燃物得到降低。 当 NOx 排放偏高时， 降低旋流内二次风风量并加大直流二次风风量， 使二次风和煤粉火焰的混 合减弱， 延迟燃烧。 通过调整旋流内二次风和直流内二次风的风量， 调整二次风和煤粉 火焰的混合来调整燃烧， 从而达到改造锅炉较低的 NOx和可接受的飞灰可燃物。 本发 明煤种适应性强。 针对不同的煤种设计独特的煤粉均流器、 煤粉分离器。 同时通过内二 次风调节杆和外二次风调节装置， 可调节内外二次风的风量和 /或旋流强度， 控制燃烧 器喷口中心高温烟气回流区和一二次风的混合时机， 以适应不同煤种的着火和稳燃要 求。 其结构简单， 着火稳燃性能好， 同时调节性能好， 煤种适应性强， 并具有低氮氧化 物排放特点。
附图说明
图 1是本发明强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器结构示意图。 图中： 1 一次风通道， 2 直流内二次风通道， 3 旋流内二次风通道， 4 旋流外 二次风通道， 5—煤粉均流器， 6—煤粉分离器， 7—扩椎， 8—拉杆， 9一调节装置。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述： 本发明的强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器， 主要由一次风通道 1、直流内二次风通道 2、 旋流内二次风通道 3、 旋流外二次风通道 4、煤粉均流器 5、煤粉分离器 6构成； 在一次 风通道 1直管段内入口一侧设置煤粉均流器 5、 出口一侧设置煤粉分离器 6， 一次风通 道 1外围套装有直流内二次风通道 2， 直流内二次风通道 2的外壁上设有汇于同一个通 道后喷入炉膛的旋流内二次风通道 3， 所述的一次风通道 1出口处设有煤粉分离器 6， 所述的煤粉分离器 6为一个圆柱形环状通道管， 通道管外壁上布有导风叶片， 通道管由 耐磨材料铸造或由普通钢材内外镶嵌耐磨材料构成， 当煤粉气流经过煤粉均流器 5导向 后， 浓相气流进入煤粉分离器内侧， 而淡相气流从煤粉分离器外侧流过。 所述直流内二 次风通道 2上设有调节风门进风量的拉杆 8， 直流内二次风通道 2后部外围套装有旋流 外二次风通道 4， 旋流外二次风通道 4入口处设有可对外二次风旋流叶片进行调节的调 节装置 9; 所述的调节装置 9包括沿旋流外二次风通道 4内圆周切向布置的一组可旋转 的叶片、调节叶片摆动方向的曲轴和连接在曲轴上的主动连杆轴构成， 当转动主动连杆 轴时， 所有的叶片沿着同一方向以相同的角度旋转， 从而将进入该叶片的气流导向形成 旋转气流进入炉膛。 所述一次风通道 1出风口的扩口锥角 α、 内二次风通道出风口套筒 扩口锥角3、 外二次风通道 4出风口的扩口锥角 γ均为 40-45 ° 。 工作原理：本发明一次风 /煤粉气流通过一次通风道 1的弯头进入，在一次风通道 1 直管段入口布置的煤粉均流器 5的作用下， 由于惯性作用使煤粉产生浓缩， 在一次风管 内形成浓、 淡的煤粉浓度分布结构， 并通过布置在一次通风管道 1的直管段出口的煤粉 分离器 6使不同浓度的煤粉气流分别从中心和四周喷入炉膛。通过直流二次风通道 2和 旋流内二次风通道 3后， 经共同通道混合后通过内二次风喷口喷入炉膛。 外二次风经外 二次风调风器后， 产生旋转并经外二次风通道喷入炉膛。 通过将原单一的内二次风通道 分为双通道， 并分别设置为直流内二次风和旋流风内二次风通道， 并汇集在内二次风通 道内送入炉膛， 混入煤粉气流参与燃烧。 在飞灰可燃物偏高时， 通过开启旋流内二次风 通道并增大旋流二次风风量， 提高整个气流的旋流强度， 强化煤粉和空气的混合， 强化 前期燃烧， 使飞灰可燃物得到降低。 当 ΝΟχ排放偏高时， 降低旋流内二次风风量并加大 直流二次风风量， 使二次风和煤粉火焰的混合减弱， 延迟燃烧。 通过调整旋流内二次风 和直流内二次风的风量， 调整二次风和煤粉火焰的混合来调整燃烧， 从而达到改造锅炉 较低的 ΝΟχ和可接受的飞灰可燃物。 内、 外二次风喷口均布置有调节拉杆， 旋流内二次 风为切向叶片结构，通过拉杆 8可调节内二次风的风量；旋流外二次风为切向叶片结构， 通过调节装置 9， 可以调节外二次风的旋流强度， 从而可在燃烧器中心得到合理的高温 烟气回流区， 并控制一、 二次风的适时混合， 使中心高浓度煤粉在高温烟气回流区内快 速着火， 燃烧， 迅速消耗内部氧量， 使燃烧器在前期缺氧燃烧还原氮氧化物的同时达到 煤粉高效燃尽的目的。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器， 包括一次风通道（1)、 设在一次风通道（1)入口内的 煤粉均流器 (5)， 所述一次风通道（1)外围套装有直流内二次风通道 (2)， 直流内二次风通道 (2)的外壁上设有汇于同一个通道后喷入炉膛的旋流内二次风通道 (3)， 其特征在于： 所述的 一次风通道（1)出口处设有煤粉分离器 (6)， 所述直流内二次风通道 (2)上设有调节风门进风 量的拉杆 (8)， 直流内二次风通道 (2)后部外围套装有旋流外二次风通道 (4)， 旋流外二次风 通道 (4)入口处设有可对外二次风旋流叶片进行调节的调节装置 (9)； 一次风通道（1)出风口 的扩口锥角 α、 内二次风通道出风口套筒扩口锥角 β、 外二次风通道 (4)出风口的扩口锥角 Υ均为 40-45 ° 。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器， 其特征在于： 所述的煤粉分离器 (6)为一个圆柱形环状通道管， 通道管外壁上布有导风叶片， 通道管由耐磨材料铸造或由普 通钢材内外镶嵌耐磨材料构成。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的强化分级低 NOx煤粉燃烧器， 其特征在于： 所述的调节装置 (9) 包括沿旋流外二次风通道 (4)内圆周切向布置的一组可旋转的叶片、 调节叶片摆动方向的曲 轴和连接在曲轴上的主动连杆轴构成。
PCT/CN2014/077207 2014-01-13 2014-05-12 强化分级低NOx煤粉燃烧器 WO2015103832A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CN201410013039.7 2014-01-13
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CN114963180A (zh) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-30 西安交通大学 一种耦合屏障风与分级燃烧的燃气低氮燃烧器及燃烧方法

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CN106224949B (zh) * 2016-08-24 2018-04-24 东南大学 一种非同轴水平浓淡低NOx直流煤粉燃烧器
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CN110242952A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-09-17 国电浙江北仑第一发电有限公司 一种采用复合材料喷口的低冷却风量燃烧器
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CN114963180A (zh) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-30 西安交通大学 一种耦合屏障风与分级燃烧的燃气低氮燃烧器及燃烧方法

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