WO2015068340A1 - 太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015068340A1 WO2015068340A1 PCT/JP2014/005276 JP2014005276W WO2015068340A1 WO 2015068340 A1 WO2015068340 A1 WO 2015068340A1 JP 2014005276 W JP2014005276 W JP 2014005276W WO 2015068340 A1 WO2015068340 A1 WO 2015068340A1
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- crystal substrate
- semiconductor layer
- type semiconductor
- transparent conductive
- conductive film
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004050 hot filament vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/17—Photovoltaic cells having only PIN junction potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/164—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/165—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/166—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells the Group IV-IV heterojunctions being heterojunctions of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. silicon heterojunction [SHJ] photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/122—Active materials comprising only Group IV materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/162—Non-monocrystalline materials, e.g. semiconductor particles embedded in insulating materials
- H10F77/166—Amorphous semiconductors
- H10F77/1662—Amorphous semiconductors including only Group IV materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/244—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. transparent conductive oxide [TCO] layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to solar cells.
- Patent Document 1 in order to reduce the deterioration of characteristics due to the semiconductor layers on the front and back surfaces of the photovoltaic element wrapping around the end surface, the semiconductor layer on the front surface side is formed on the substantially entire surface of the substrate, and the semiconductor layer on the back surface side is A structure formed in a smaller area than the substrate is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 in a photovoltaic device, for example, when an n-type semiconductor layer is formed on a first main surface of an n substrate and a p-type semiconductor layer is formed on a second main surface, semiconductor layers having different conductivity types are formed. Depending on the order of formation, an n substrate-n layer-p layer rectifying junction or an n substrate-p layer-n layer reverse junction is formed on the side surface and peripheral edge of the n substrate. According to the former, it is stated that a rectifying junction is provided on the entire surface of the substrate, and there is no adverse effect such as suppression of carrier movement due to reverse bonding.
- JP 2001-044461 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-251609
- a solar cell which is one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a crystal substrate having one conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer having one conductivity type stacked successively on one main surface of the crystal substrate and a side surface of the crystal substrate, and a crystal substrate A second semiconductor layer which is continuously stacked on the other main surface and the side surface of the crystal substrate and has another conductivity type and which overlaps at least partly with the first semiconductor layer on the side surface of the crystal substrate;
- the first transparent conductive film is stacked on the first semiconductor layer and has an area smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate, and the second transparent conductive film is stacked on the second semiconductor layer.
- the present disclosure it is possible to improve the output of the solar cell while suppressing the occurrence of leakage even if a semiconductor layer or the like wraps around the side surface of the crystal substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a solar cell 10.
- an n-type amorphous semiconductor layer wraps around the side surface of the crystal substrate from one main surface side
- a p-type amorphous semiconductor layer wraps around the side surface of the crystal substrate from the other main surface side. It is based on the knowledge that experimentally confirmed that leaks hardly occur if only repeated.
- the transparent conductive film wraps around the side surface of the crystal substrate from one main surface side, and the transparent conductive film wraps around the side surface of the crystal substrate from the other main surface side, it is short-circuited between the transparent conductive films, It was also confirmed that a leak occurred.
- the n-type amorphous semiconductor layer on one main surface and the p-type amorphous semiconductor layer on the other main surface may overlap, but the transparent conductive film on one main surface and the other main surface By not overlapping the transparent conductive film, the output can be improved while suppressing the occurrence of leakage.
- the following configuration is based on this finding.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view.
- the upper side is the light receiving surface side
- the lower side is the back side.
- (B) is a plan view showing the light receiving surface side
- (c) is a plan view showing the back surface side
- (d) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in (b). Note that (d) shows the arrangement direction opposite to (a), the upper side being the back side, and the lower side being the light receiving side.
- the vertical direction of the array is defined as the Y direction
- the upper side is defined as the + Y direction in (b)
- the sectional view changes depending on where to cut, (a) corresponds to the sectional view taken along line AA in (b).
- the “light receiving surface” means a surface in the solar cell 10 on which light mainly enters from the outside. For example, more than 50% to 100% of the light incident on the solar cell 10 enters from the light receiving surface side.
- the “back surface” means a surface opposite to the light receiving surface.
- Solar cell 10 receives light such as sunlight, generates carriers and electrons and holes, collects the generated carriers, collects the collected carriers, and takes them out.
- a portion that generates carriers is called a photoelectric conversion portion, and is composed of an n-type single crystal silicon substrate 11, an n-type semiconductor layer 12, and a p-type semiconductor layer 13.
- the carriers are collected by the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side and the transparent conductive film 15 on the back surface side. It is the current collecting electrode 16 on the light receiving surface side and the current collecting electrode 17 on the back surface side that collects the collected carriers.
- the n-type single crystal silicon substrate 11 is simply referred to as a crystal substrate 11.
- the current collecting electrode 16 on the light receiving surface side is a carrier current collecting electrode provided on the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side.
- the back-side collecting electrode 17 is a carrier collecting electrode provided on the back-side transparent conductive film 15.
- These are, for example, fine wire electrode portions formed by screen printing a conductive paste in which conductive particles such as silver (Ag) are dispersed in a binder resin in a desired pattern on the transparent conductive films 14 and 15. It is.
- the collecting electrodes 16 and 17 may be formed by using various sputtering methods, various vapor deposition methods, various plating methods, or the like instead of screen printing. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1D, a plurality of current collecting electrodes 16 and 17 may be provided.
- the present disclosure relates to the configuration of the photoelectric conversion unit and the transparent conductive films 14 and 15, the current collecting electrodes 16 and 17 are limited to the above description, and those illustrations are illustrated in FIGS. Only shown in d). Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.
- the crystal substrate 11 constituting the photoelectric conversion part is a single crystal semiconductor substrate having one conductivity type.
- one conductivity type is n-type
- a single crystal semiconductor is single crystal silicon.
- the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11 has an octagonal shape in which the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the outer edge of the rectangular shape are cut out.
- one side is about 100 mm to about 200 mm, and the four corners are cut out with a length of about 5 mm to about 16 mm along the side direction.
- the thickness is, for example, about 75 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m. These dimensions are merely examples, and other values may be used.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is a one-conductivity-type semiconductor layer provided on one main surface of the crystal substrate 11. Assuming that one main surface is a light receiving surface, one conductivity type is the conductivity type of the crystal substrate 11, and therefore the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is an n-type semiconductor layer provided on the light receiving surface.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 includes an i-type amorphous silicon layer 22 and an n-type amorphous silicon layer 23 stacked thereon.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 13 is a semiconductor layer of another conductivity type provided on the other main surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the other main surface is a main surface facing one main surface of the crystal substrate 11, and is the back surface of the crystal substrate 11 in this embodiment.
- the one conductivity type is a conductivity type of the crystal substrate 11 and the other conductivity type is a conductivity type other than the one conductivity type, and thus is a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 13 includes an i-type amorphous silicon layer 24 and a p-type amorphous silicon layer 25 stacked thereon. When the n-type semiconductor layer 12 and the p-type semiconductor layer 13 are distinguished, the former is called a first semiconductor layer and the latter is called a second semiconductor layer.
- the amorphous silicon layers 25 are stacked in this order.
- the former is called a first i-type amorphous silicon layer and the latter is called a second i-type amorphous silicon layer.
- the thickness of these laminated amorphous semiconductor thin layers is several nm to several tens of nm. For example, it can be about 5 to about 20 nm.
- the i-type amorphous silicon layers 22 and 24 are intrinsic amorphous silicon thin layers having a lower concentration of dopant that generates carriers than the n-type amorphous silicon layer 23 and the p-type amorphous silicon layer 25.
- the first i-type amorphous silicon layer 22 and the second i-type amorphous silicon layer 24 can have the same composition.
- the n-type amorphous silicon layer 23 is an amorphous silicon thin layer containing a group V metal atom at a predetermined concentration. P (phosphorus) is used as the group V metal atom.
- the p-type amorphous silicon layer 25 is an amorphous silicon thin layer containing a group III metal atom at a predetermined concentration. B (boron) is used as the group III metal atom.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is formed on the entire light receiving surface of the crystal substrate 11 except for portions corresponding to the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the outer edge of the crystal substrate 11.
- the crystal substrate 11 is held at a predetermined position of the film forming apparatus.
- four light receiving surface sides of the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the crystal substrate 11 are arranged in four positions.
- the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29 are pressed and held.
- Four holders 26, 27, 28, and 29 may be used as one holder.
- the locations corresponding to the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the crystal substrate 11 are shaded by the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29, and the non-film-formation regions 30, 31, 32, where the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is not formed. 33.
- one of the four holders 29 is provided with an identification hole, and the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is formed at a location corresponding to the identification hole to form the identification mark 34.
- FIG. 1B shows the wraparound n-type semiconductor layers 35, 36, 37 and 38 formed on the side surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 13 is formed on the entire back surface of the crystal substrate 11 except for portions corresponding to the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the outer edge of the crystal substrate 11.
- the crystal substrate 11 is held at a predetermined position of the film forming apparatus.
- four holders 26, 27, 28, used for forming the n-type semiconductor layer 12 are used. 29 is used as it is, and the back side of the four corners 18, 19, 20, 21 of the crystal substrate 11 is pressed.
- the locations corresponding to the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the crystal substrate 11 are shaded by the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29, and the non-deposited regions 39, 40, 41, where the p-type semiconductor layer 12 is not formed. 42.
- An identification mark 43 is formed by the p-type semiconductor layer 13 corresponding to the identification hole provided in the holder 29.
- FIG. 1C shows the wraparound p-type semiconductor layers 44, 45, 46 and 47 formed on the side surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the latter When distinguishing the non-deposition regions 39, 40, 41, and 42 of the p-type semiconductor layer 13 from the non-deposition regions 30, 31, 32, and 33 of the n-type semiconductor layer 12, the latter is designated as the first non-deposition region, and the former This is called a second non-film formation region.
- the non-deposited regions 30, 31, 32, 33 of the n-type semiconductor layer 12 and the non-deposited regions 39, 40, 41, 42 of the p-type semiconductor layer 13 are When the manufacturing error is eliminated with respect to the crystal substrate 11, the positional relationship is reversed.
- the n-type semiconductor layers 35, 36, 37, and 38 are formed on the side surface of the crystal substrate 11 from the light receiving surface side, and the p-type semiconductor layers 44, 45, 46, and 47 are formed from the back surface side. . Therefore, on the side surface of the crystal substrate 11, the overlap layer in which the wraparound n-type semiconductor layer 35 and the wraparound p-type semiconductor layer 44 overlap, the overlap layer in which the wraparound n-type semiconductor layer 36 and the wraparound p-type semiconductor layer 45 overlap, An overlapping layer in which the wraparound n-type semiconductor layer 38 and the wraparound p-type semiconductor layer 47 are overlapped is formed.
- 1A illustrates a superposition layer 48 in which the wraparound n-type semiconductor layer 36 and the wraparound p-type semiconductor layer 45 overlap, and a superposition layer 49 in which the wraparound n-type semiconductor layer 38 and the wraparound p-type semiconductor layer 47 overlap.
- the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side is laminated on the first semiconductor layer on one main surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side is formed on the light receiving surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is laminated on the n-type amorphous silicon layer 23 in detail.
- the transparent conductive film 15 on the back surface side is stacked on the second semiconductor layer on the other main surface of the crystal substrate 11, and here, on the p-type semiconductor layer 13 on the back surface of the crystal substrate 11, in detail, p It is laminated on the type amorphous silicon layer 25.
- the former is referred to as a first transparent conductive film
- the latter is referred to as a second conductive film.
- the two transparent conductive films 14 and 15 do not overlap on the side surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the other can have the same planar shape as the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11.
- the other transparent conductive film has the same planar shape as the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11 and wraps around the side surface of the crystal substrate 11, it does not wrap around the opposite surface of the crystal substrate 11. This is because there is no short circuit with one transparent conductive film having an area smaller than the planar shape.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 has higher carrier mobility than the p-type semiconductor layer 13. Therefore, the area of the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side is set smaller than the planar dimension of the crystal substrate 11, and the area of the transparent conductive film 15 on the back surface side is made the same as the planar dimension of the crystal substrate 11. By doing in this way, the output of the solar cell 10 can be improved, preventing a leak.
- the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side is arranged on the inner side by an appropriate dimension from the outer edge of the crystal substrate 11. This dimension is set to a minimum value as long as it does not coincide with the outer shape of the crystal substrate 11 even if all manufacturing errors are included. That is, the transparent conductive film 14 is arranged regardless of the non-deposition regions 30, 31, 32, 33 of the n-type semiconductor layer 12. Therefore, when the undeposited regions 30, 31, 32, 33 are wide, the transparent conductive film 14 is provided on the undeposited regions 30, 31, 32, 33. In the example of FIG. 1B, the transparent conductive film 14 is provided on the non-film formation regions 32 and 33.
- the transparent conductive film 15 on the back side is the same as the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11. That is, the transparent conductive film 15 is formed over the entire back surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the transparent conductive films 14 and 15 are made of, for example, metal oxides such as indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) having a polycrystalline structure. Is a thin layer (TCO layer) configured to include at least one of them, and functions as a light-transmissive electrode unit. These metal oxides contain dopants such as tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), antimony (Sb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), cerium (Ce), and gallium (Ga). It may be doped. The concentration of the dopant can be 0 to 20% by mass.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive films 14 and 15 is, for example, about 50 nm to 200 nm.
- FIG. 2 shows the solar cell 10 before the collector electrodes 16 and 17 are formed, that is, the crystal substrate 11 is prepared (P1 step), and the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is formed on the light receiving surface of the crystal substrate 11 ( (P2 process), the p-type semiconductor layer 13 is formed on the back surface of the crystal substrate 11 (P3 process), the transparent conductive film 14 is formed on the light receiving surface side (P4 process), and the transparent conductive film 15 is formed on the back surface side ( Processes up to (P5 process) are shown.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 2 is each procedure, and the vertical axis is (a) is a sectional view, (b) is a light receiving surface side plan view, (c) is a back side plan view, and FIGS. Corresponding to
- the crystal substrate 11 is an n-type single crystal silicon substrate having an octagonal shape in which the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the rectangular outer edge are cut out.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is formed on the light receiving surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the outer edges of the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 on the light receiving surface side of the crystal substrate 11 are held by predetermined holders 26, 27, 28, and 29 and installed in the decompression chamber.
- the i-type amorphous silicon layer 22 is laminated on the light receiving surface of the crystal substrate 11 by plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition).
- plasma CVD chemical vapor deposition
- an n-type amorphous silicon layer 23 is stacked on the i-type amorphous silicon layer 22.
- another low pressure CVD method may be used.
- a catalytic CVD method can be used.
- silane gas SiH 4
- n-type amorphous silicon layer 23 silane (SiH 4 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), and phosphine (PH 3 ) are used as source gases.
- the thickness of the laminated amorphous semiconductor thin layer is several nanometers to several tens of nanometers. For example, it can be about 5 to 20 nm.
- the holding is performed by supporting the crystal substrate 11 with a holder such as a pin or a mask.
- a holder such as a pin or a mask.
- the crystal substrate 11 is placed on the sub-tray, the outer edges of the four corners 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the crystal substrate 11 are pressed by the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29, and the sub-tray is inclined at a predetermined angle from the horizontal plane.
- the predetermined angle may be 90 degrees, that is, vertical.
- four holders 26, 27, 28, 29 may be attached to one sub-tray, and an integrated unit of four holders 26, 27, 28, 29 may be attached to one sub-tray. Also good.
- a plurality of sub-trays may be arranged on one large tray, and a plurality of crystal substrates 11 may be processed at a time.
- the holding amount at the outer edges of the four corners 18, 19, 20, 21 of the crystal substrate 11 may be different.
- the holding amount at the corners 18 and 19 is preferably larger than the holding amount at the corners 20 and 21 as shown in FIG.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is formed on the light receiving surface of the crystal substrate 11 at a location that is not in the shadow of the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29.
- the places behind the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29 are undeposited regions 30, 31, 32, and 33.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is formed where it is not in the shadow of the holders 26, 27, 28, 29, it is formed continuously on the light receiving surface and the side surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- wrap-around n-type semiconductor layers 35, 36, 37, and 38 are formed on the side surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- the holder 29 is provided with, for example, a triangular identification hole, and correspondingly, a triangular area identification mark 34 is formed by the n-type semiconductor layer 12 in the undeposited area 33.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 13 is then formed in the P3 step.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 13 is formed by turning over the crystal substrate 11 on which the n-type semiconductor layer 12 is formed, and using a predetermined holder to cover the outer edges of the four corners 18, 19, 20, 21 on the back side of the crystal substrate 11. Hold and place in a vacuum chamber.
- the decompression chamber the same type of CVD apparatus as in the P2 process can be used.
- an i-type amorphous silicon layer 24 is laminated on the back surface of the crystal substrate 11.
- a p-type amorphous silicon layer 25 is stacked on the i-type amorphous silicon layer 24.
- silane gas (SiH 4 ) is used as a source gas.
- silane (SiH 4 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), and diborane (B 2 H 6 ) are used as source gases.
- the thickness of the laminated amorphous semiconductor thin layer is several nanometers to several tens of nanometers. For example, it can be about 5 to 20 nm.
- the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29 used in the P2 process can be used as they are. Although it is a holder having the same shape and size, a holder different from that used in the P2 process may be used.
- the holders 26, 27, 28, 29 are arranged with respect to the crystal substrate 11 so as to be reversed from each other.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 13 is formed on the back surface of the crystal substrate 11 at a location that is not in the shadow of the holders 26, 27, 28, and 29.
- the places behind the holders 26, 27, 28, 29 are undeposited regions 39, 40, 41, 42.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 13 Since the p-type semiconductor layer 13 is formed where it is not in the shadow of the holders 26, 27, 28, 29, it is formed continuously on the back surface and side surfaces of the crystal substrate 11. On the side surface of the crystal substrate 11, wraparound p-type semiconductor layers 44, 45, 46, and 47 are formed. In addition, in the undeposited region 42, a triangular region identification mark 43 is formed by the p-type semiconductor layer 13 corresponding to the identification hole provided in the holder 29. The identification mark 43 is formed at a position where the identification mark 34 formed in the P2 step and the crystal substrate 11 are reversed.
- FIG. 2 shows a superposition layer 48 in which the wraparound n-type semiconductor layer 36 and the wraparound p-type semiconductor layer 45 overlap, and a superposition layer 49 in which the wraparound n-type semiconductor layer 38 and the wraparound p-type semiconductor layer 47 overlap. It is.
- the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side is formed (P4 step).
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 on the light receiving surface side of the crystal substrate 11 is disposed so as to face the sputter electrode, and has an opening area smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11 on the light receiving surface side. This is done by positioning the frame mask. The positioning of the frame-shaped mask is performed so that the inner edge end of the opening of the frame-shaped mask is inside the outer edge of the crystal substrate 11 when the opening of the frame-shaped mask is placed in the center of the crystal substrate 11. .
- the non-film formation region of the transparent conductive film 14 can be formed in an annular shape on the outer peripheral side of the light receiving surface.
- the width of the undeposited region is set to a minimum value as long as it does not coincide with the outer shape of the crystal substrate 11 even if all manufacturing errors are included. For example, it is about 1 to 2 mm.
- the transparent conductive film 15 on the back side is formed.
- the crystal substrate 11 on which the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side is formed is turned over, and the p-type semiconductor layer 13 on the back surface side of the crystal substrate 11 is disposed so as to face the sputtering electrode.
- the sputtering apparatus having the sputtering electrode the same type as in the P4 process can be used. Unlike the P4 process, no mask is used, and therefore the transparent conductive film 15 is formed on the entire surface of the p-type semiconductor layer 13.
- the transparent conductive film 15 on the back side may wrap around the side surface of the crystal substrate 11, but the transparent conductive film 14 on the light receiving surface side does not wrap around, so that the transparent conductive film 14 and the transparent conductive film 15 are short-circuited. There is no occurrence of leaks.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a procedure for manufacturing a conventional solar cell configured to prevent leakage.
- 3A is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 3B is a light-receiving surface side plan view
- FIG. 3C is a back surface side plan view, and corresponds to FIGS.
- the horizontal axis represents each procedure, and P1 'to P5' correspond to P1 to P5 in FIG.
- the film formation conditions for each procedure are the same as those described with reference to FIG. 2, and the difference is the size of the film formation region from P2 to P4. Therefore, in the following, the contents of the film formation region different from FIG. 2 will be described, and the description of the other contents common to FIG. 2 will be omitted.
- the P2 ′ process is a process for forming the n-type semiconductor layer 50.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 50 is formed by laminating an i-type amorphous silicon layer 51 on the light receiving surface of the crystal substrate 11, and subsequently, an n-type amorphous silicon layer 52 on the i-type amorphous silicon layer 51. Is performed by laminating. This content is the same as described in FIG. The difference is that the size of the film formation region of the n-type semiconductor layer 50 is smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 50 is formed using a frame mask having an opening area smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11.
- the part covered with the frame-shaped mask is an undeposited region of the n-type semiconductor layer 50 and can be formed in an annular shape on the outer peripheral side of the light receiving surface.
- the width dimension of the non-film formation region is uniform from the outer edge of the crystal substrate 11 and is, for example, about 0.3 to 3 mm. This is an example, and other dimensions may be used.
- the P3 ′ process is a process for forming the p-type semiconductor layer 53.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 53 is formed by laminating an i-type amorphous silicon layer 54 on the back surface of the crystal substrate 11, and subsequently forming a p-type amorphous silicon layer 55 on the i-type amorphous silicon layer 51. It is done by stacking. This content is the same as described in FIG. The difference is that the size of the film formation region of the p-type semiconductor layer 53 is smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11. That is, the p-type semiconductor layer 53 is formed using a frame-shaped mask having an opening area smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11.
- the frame-shaped mask one having the same opening area as that used in the P2 ′ process can be used.
- the portion covered with the frame-shaped mask is an undeposited region of the p-type semiconductor layer 53 and can be formed in an annular shape on the outer peripheral side of the back surface.
- the width of the undeposited region is the same as the width of the undeposited region in the n-type semiconductor layer 50.
- both the size of the film formation region of the n-type semiconductor layer 50 and the size of the film formation region of the p-type semiconductor layer 53 are set to an area smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11. Therefore, the n-type semiconductor layer 50 does not wrap around the side surface of the crystal substrate 11, and the p-type semiconductor layer 53 does not wrap around, so that leakage due to the wrap-around of the n-type semiconductor layer 50 or the p-type semiconductor layer 53 does not occur.
- the P4 ′ step is a step of forming the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side.
- the film forming conditions and the like in this step are the same as those in the P4 step in FIG. The difference is the film formation region of the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side.
- the area of the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side is smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11 and larger than the area of the film formation region of the n-type semiconductor layer 50. That is, the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side completely covers the film formation region of the n-type semiconductor layer 50, but the outer edge thereof is inside the outer edge of the crystal substrate 11.
- the P5 'step is a step of forming the transparent conductive film 57 on the back side.
- the film forming conditions and the like in this step are the same as those in the P5 step in FIG.
- the difference is the film formation region of the transparent conductive film 57 on the back surface side.
- the area of the transparent conductive film 57 on the back surface side is the same as the area of the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side. That is, the area of the transparent conductive film 57 on the back surface side is smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11 and larger than the area of the film formation region of the p-type semiconductor layer 53.
- the transparent conductive film 57 on the back surface completely covers the film formation region of the p-type semiconductor layer 53, but the outer edge is inside the outer edge of the crystal substrate 11.
- both the size of the film formation region of the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side and the size of the film formation region of the transparent conductive film 57 on the back surface side are set to areas smaller than the planar shape of the crystal substrate 11. Accordingly, the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side does not enter the side surface of the crystal substrate 11, and the transparent conductive film 57 on the back surface side does not enter, and the transparent conductive film 56 on the light receiving surface side or the transparent conductive film 57 on the back surface side wraps around. Leakage will not occur.
- the number of carriers that can be collected depends on the area of the n-type semiconductor layer 50 and the area of the p-type semiconductor layer 53, and thus the crystal substrate 11 having the same size.
- the number of carriers that can be collected can be maximized while preventing leakage, and the output of the solar cell 10 can be improved.
- the photoelectric conversion part having a structure in which the amorphous silicon thin layers are laminated on both surfaces of the crystal substrate 11 is illustrated, but the structure of the photoelectric conversion part is not limited thereto.
- the photoelectric conversion unit has, for example, a structure having no i-type amorphous silicon layer, n-type amorphous silicon layer, or p-type amorphous silicon layer, or a structure using a semiconductor other than silicon (for example, gallium arsenide). It can also be.
- the amorphous silicon in this embodiment includes amorphous silicon including crystal grains.
- the one conductivity type is n-type and the other conductivity type is p-type.
- the one conductivity type may be p-type and the other conductivity type may be n-type.
- one main surface is the light receiving surface and the other main surface is the back surface, this may be reversed so that one main surface is the back surface and the other main surface is the light receiving surface.
- the crystal substrate is an octagon with four corners cut off, it may have a rectangular shape with four corners not cut, a polygon other than an octagon, a round shape other than a rectangular shape, or an elliptical shape.
- one identification mark is provided on each of the front and back surfaces, the identification mark may be provided only on either the light receiving surface or the back surface, and a plurality of identification marks may be provided instead of one.
- the shape of the identification mark is a triangle, other shapes may be used. For example, it may be a bar code-like multiple elongated hole.
- the crystal substrate 11 may be configured to hold at least one location. It is good also as a structure which hold
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Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- 一導電型を有する結晶基板と、
前記結晶基板の一主面と前記結晶基板の側面に連続して積層され前記一導電型を有する第1半導体層と、
前記結晶基板の他主面と前記結晶基板の前記側面に連続して積層され他導電型を有し、前記結晶基板の前記側面において前記第1半導体層と少なくとも一部が重なる第2半導体層と、
前記結晶基板の一主面上において、前記第1半導体層に積層され、前記結晶基板の平面形状よりも小さな面積を有する第1透明導電膜と、
前記第2半導体層に積層される第2透明導電膜と、
を備える太陽電池。 - 前記第1半導体層は、前記結晶基板の前記一主面上の外縁部において、複数の第1未成層領域を有し、
前記第2半導体層は、前記結晶基板の前記他主面上の外縁部において、複数の第2未成層領域を有し、
前記第1未成層領域と前記第2未成層領域とは、前記結晶基板に対し表裏反転の位置関係と大きさを有する、請求項1に記載の太陽電池。 - 前記結晶基板は、矩形形状の4隅部を切り欠いた8角形状を有し、
前記第1未成層領域と前記第2未成層領域は、それぞれ前記4隅部に設けられる、請求項2に記載の太陽電池。 - 前記第1透明導電膜は、前記第1未成層領域上に設けられ、前記第2透明導電膜は、前記第2未成層領域上に設けられる、請求項2または3に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記第1半導体層は、第一i型非晶質半導体層と第一導電型非晶質半導体層が順に積層され、
前記第2半導体層は、第二i型非晶質半導体層と第二導電型非晶質半導体層が順に積層される、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池。 - 前記第1未成層領域または前記第2未成層領域の少なくとも一方に識別マークが形成された、請求項2から5のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池。
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JP2015546283A JP6524504B2 (ja) | 2013-11-08 | 2014-10-17 | 太陽電池 |
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EP3067940B1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
JP6524504B2 (ja) | 2019-06-05 |
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EP3067940A4 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
US20160247954A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
CN105723524A (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
US10074763B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 |
JPWO2015068340A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
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