WO2014122165A1

WO2014122165A1 - Wind turbine

Info

Publication number: WO2014122165A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/052224
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Lutz
Original assignee: Peter Lutz
Priority date: 2013-02-08
Filing date: 2014-02-05
Publication date: 2014-08-14
Also published as: EP2954204A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine the rotor and generator of which are connected to each other via a flexible drive. A compromise between tower height and length of the flexible drive can be achieved by arranging the generator not at the top of the tower and not at the bottom of the tower. The tower can be lightweight and high since the top of the tower only has to support the rotor weight.

Description

description

WIND TURBINE

The invention relates to a wind turbine according to the preamble of the claim

1.

Wind turbines or wind turbines usually consist of a tower at the upper end of a rotor and a generator connected thereto are arranged. For multi-megawatt electrical power, the weight of the rotor and generator is very high, ranging up to 800 tons. Of course, this high weight at the top of the tower requires a corresponding mechanical stability of the tower, which significantly increases the construction costs of the wind power plant. In order to avoid the high weight and the associated massive construction of the tower, teaches both DE 10 2008 024 829 B4 and DE-OS 28 17 483 at the top of the tower to arrange only the rotor and the generator in the bottom area of the tower. The rotor shaft at the upper end of the tower is connected to the generator shaft via a traction mechanism drive. Since the tower only needs to absorb the weight of the rotor and the wind loads, this results in a simpler or less massive construction and thus lower costs for the tower. A disadvantage of these known wind turbines, that while basically the towers can be built higher, since they require a less massive construction, but this means a relatively long distance for the traction drive. This can lead to undesirable vibrations of the traction drives.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the known from DE 10 2008 024 829 B4 or DE-OS 28 17 483 wind turbines.

Because the at least one generator is mechanically coupled to the rotor via at least one traction mechanism drive, the attachment of the at least one generator can be selected in a variety of ways, at a distance from the rotor. The fact that the generator is not placed at the top of the tower and not at the bottom of the tower, a compromise between tower height and length of the traction mechanism is achieved. The tower can be built easily and high, since the upper end of the tower only has to carry the rotor weight.

Since the tower must also carry its own weight and absorb the wind pressure, the tower is designed to be more and more stable towards the bottom, since it has to absorb more and more dead weight. Consequently, it is possible to shift the generator down until the tower has sufficient stability to carry the load of the generator without problems. Since this is still the case in a certain tower height, it is achieved that the length of the traction mechanism drive is shortened.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 4, the tower is designed so that it can carry the largest possible rotor at the top. The higher the tower, the greater the energy yield. As a rule of thumb for wind turbines inland, per meter tower height achieves an increase in performance of 0.8%.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 5, the rotor shaft is also the first traction drive shaft, which means a simplified construction.

According to the advantageous embodiment according to claim 6 is in the traction drive to a rope drive as this is known, for example, cable cars for ski lifts or maritime cranes, etc. Such rope drives are technically mature and can be used without problems in wind turbines or wind turbines according to the present invention.

Alternatively, the traction mechanism drive is designed as a chain drive or toothed belt drive. Slip is excluded in a chain and timing belt drive. In addition, chain drives tend less to undesirable vibrations - claim 7. Similar to toothed belt drives are also traction drives with Treibnemen with nubs and complementary recesses in the wave wheels or wave wheels with knobs or teeth, which engage in complementary recesses in the drive belt, suitable - claim 8.

According to the advantageous embodiments of the invention according to claim 9 to 1 1, the traction means is tensioned with various measures, so that the power transmission can take place without slippage.

Due to the protective cover according to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 12 of the traction mechanism is protected against the weather. This may be possible in particular in offshore installations, since the salty seawater could attack the traction means, in particular in the form of steel cables.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 13, the protection of the traction mechanisms can also be achieved in that they extend at least in part - preferably in the lower region - in the interior of the tower.

Due to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 14, it is possible to prefer a translation between the rotor shaft and the finally driven generator shaft.

Due to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 15, the generator device comprises a plurality of generators which are arranged at different heights of the tower. The provision of a plurality of generators reduces the weight of the individual generators, so that they can be arranged at a greater height without the tower having to become substantially more massive as a result.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 16 different building materials are used for different sections of the tower. For example, for the spire fiber reinforced construction materials, for the middle range wood or aluminum and for the lowest section steel or reinforced concrete be used. In this way, high cost tower heights are possible with low total weight.

Due to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 17 ensures that the rotor with tower can align with the wind and thereby less changing bending moments act on the tower. Due to the lighter construction of the tower, it is possible to anchor the entire tower rotatably in the lower part of the tower with a kind of sleeve.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 18 of the traction mechanism drive runs on one side of the tower and a second on the opposite side of the tower. In this way, an even less massive construction of the tower is possible because the tower is braced by the Zugmitteltriebe left and right.

The traction mechanism drives can run on both sides of the tower or according to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 19 in the upper region on one side and in the lower region on the opposite side.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 20, the possibility to brace the tower and thus allow a lighter construction, even better.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 21, the entire tower is firmly anchored in the ground and the rotor, the generator and the at least one traction mechanism is rotatably mounted on the tower about the tower longitudinal axis. This simplifies the construction, since not the entire tower has to be made rotatable.

Due to the parallel opposite traction mechanism drives according to claim 22 results in a tension of the tower, which can be built less massive. Due to the advantageous embodiment according to claim 23 results in a symmetrical load of the pivot bearing on the tower, which allows a simpler construction.

The rotatable platform according to claim 24 represents a possibility of the rotatable arrangement of the generator.

The connection of the generator with a turntable according to claim 25 provides an easy way to arrange the generator around the fixed anchored in the ground rotatable.

The advantageous embodiment according to claim 26, provides a simple way to curb noise emissions of the generator and to protect the generator from environmental influences.

By the guide means according to claim 27, the traction means is guided safely along the tower.

Due to the advantageous embodiment according to claim 28 with a transmission, the rotational speed of the rotor can be optimally adapted to the generator. In this way, the relatively small rotational speeds of the rotor (in the range up to 20 rev / min) can be increased and adapted to high-speed generators that produce a high electrical power with small size.

The advantageous embodiment according to claim 29, a simple and inexpensive embodiment of a transmission is. In this way, the low rotational speed of the rotor can be adapted to the fast-running generator.

The advantageous embodiments according to claim 30 to 35 indicate preferred ranges for the different rotational speeds of the rotor and generator. Due to the advantageous embodiment according to claim 36 friction losses in the at least one traction mechanism drive can be avoided and the susceptibility to defects can be reduced.

Due to the advantageous embodiment according to claim 37 and 38 slip in the at least one traction mechanism drive can be reduced.

Due to the advantageous embodiment of claim 39 with a pile foundation, the foundation of the tower in the ground is cheaper. In addition, a pile foundation also allows the construction of a wind turbine on soft or unstable ground.

According to the advantageous embodiment according to claim 40, the tower is placed on a carrier pin firmly established in the ground, so that the tower is rotatably mounted on the carrier mandrel.

According to the advantageous embodiment according to claim 39, the traction mechanism drive is designed as a chain drive with at least one leaf chain. Leaf chains with a plurality of interconnected links transversely to the direction of movement of the chain are safe and allow the transmission of high power.

In particular, toothed chains are suitable for transmitting high powers - claim 40.

Chain drives with chain links which are at least partially made of high-strength fiber-reinforced plastic or titanium are particularly advantageous. As a result, we reduce the weight of the chain drive with constant stability - claim 41. Suitable plastics are, in particular, polyamide, plastics reinforced with carbon fibers and aramids (for example, Kevlar). It may be the chain drive completely made of high-strength plastic or only the link plates or the chain pins.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the drawings. It shows:

1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention with a traction drive,

2 shows a second embodiment of the invention with two traction mechanism drives,

3 shows a third embodiment of the invention with a plurality of generators,

4 is a schematic representation of the rotatable mounting of the tower in the ground,

5 is a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of the invention.

8 is a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of the invention with two traction mechanism drives,

9 shows an eighth embodiment of the invention with three traction mechanism drives,

10 shows a ninth embodiment of the invention with three traction drives and a plurality of generators, and

Fig. 1 1 is a schematic representation of the rotatable mounting of the tower in the ground. 12 is a schematic representation of a tenth embodiment of the invention with a traction drive,

13 is a schematic representation of an eleventh embodiment of the invention, each with a traction mechanism on opposite sides of the tower,

Fig. 14 is a schematic representation of a twelfth embodiment of the invention with two traction drives on one side of the tower and two generators, and

Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a thirteenth embodiment of the invention, each with two Zugmitteltreiben on opposite sides of the tower and two generators.

Fig. 16 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of wave wheel and gear

Fig. 17 is a schematic representation of a pile foundation for a wind turbine, and

Fig. 18 is a schematic representation of a rotatable mounting of the tower on a firmly anchored in the ground carrier mandrel.

In the embodiments described below, corresponding components in each case in FIGS. 1-7 + 16-17, FIGS. 8-11, and FIGS. 12-15 are provided with the same reference numerals

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment with a tower 2, which has an upper and a lower end 3, 4. At the upper end 3 of the vertically arranged tower 2, a rotor 5 with a horizontally extending rotor shaft 7 is arranged. In about one third of the height of the downwardly amplifying tower 2, a generator 9 with a generator shaft 1 1 fixed to the tower 2 is mounted. The coupling between generator 9 and rotor 5 takes place via a cable drive 13. The cable drive 13 comprises a rotor shaft 15 mounted on the rotor shaft 7 and a generator shaft 16 mounted on the generator shaft 11. The two shaft gears 15 and 16 are wound by a steel cable 17, so that the rotation of the rotor 5 caused by wind on the generator shaft 1 1 and so that the electric generator 9 is transmitted. The upper part of the tower 2 with rotor 5, rope drive 13 and generator 9 is rotatably formed about a arranged under the generator 9 pivot bearing 19 around the vertical, so that the rotor 5 can be in the wind without thereby the steel cable 17 is rotated or comes into contact with the tower 2. The part of the tower 2 below the pivot bearing 19 is anchored firmly on the ground in the ground.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the generator 9 is arranged with generator shaft 1 1 and generator shaft 16 on one side of the tower 2. Alternatively generator shaft 16 and generator 9 can also be arranged opposite sides of the tower 2, wherein the generator shaft 1 1 then passes through the tower 2 and is rotatably mounted in the tower 2

Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment in that not only a cable drive, but a first cable drive 20 and a second cable drive 22 are provided. The rotor shaft 7 is connected via the first cable drive 20 with a first and second cable drive 20, 22 common Zugmitteltriebwelle 24, which is arranged under a vertically oriented rotor blade of the rotor 5 on the tower 2. The first cable drive 20 comprises the rotor shaft 15 on the rotor shaft 7, a first Zugmittelwellenrad 26 disposed on the common Zugmitteltriebwelle 24 and a first steel cable 28 which wraps around the rotor shaft 15 and the first Zugmittelwellenrad 26. The common Zugmitteltriebwelle 24 passes through the tower 2 and is rotatably mounted in this. The second cable drive 22 comprises a second Zugmittelwellenrad 30 disposed on the opposite side of the tower 2 on the common Zugmitteltriebwelle 24, the Generatorwellerad 16 and a second steel cable 32, which wraps around the second Zugmittelwellenrad 30 and the Generatorwellenrad 16. The second cable 22 drives via the generator shaft 16, the generator shaft 1 1 and thus the generator 9 at. The tower 2 is in turn rotatably mounted below the generator 9, so that the rotor 5 can align in the wind. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, which differs from the embodiment of FIG. 2 in that on the common traction drive shaft 24, a first and a second generator 34, 35 and at the end of the second cable drive 22, a third and a fourth generator 36, 37 is provided. Characterized in that a plurality of generators 34, 35, 36, 37 are provided, it is possible, the generators 34, 35, 36, 37 to build smaller or to use smaller generators, so that they are then placed at a greater height on the tower 2 can, without that the tower 2 would have to be made more massive.

Here, the lower end 4 of the tower 2 inserted in a foundation 40 in a correspondingly large-sized bushing 42, wherein by appropriate rolling bearings or by an oil film 44, the rotation of the upper part of the tower. 2 is ensured in the bearing bush 42. In order to avoid the sliding up of the upper part of the tower 2 upwards, the tower 2 is additionally secured at the upper end of the bearing bush 42 with a ring bearing 46 in the axial direction.

Fig. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment of Fig. 1 in that the entire tower 2 is firmly anchored in the ground and the rotor 5, the cable drive 13 and the generator 9 about the longitudinal axis of the tower 2 are rotatably mounted. For this purpose, the rotor 5 with rotor shaft 7 and rotor shaft 15 is rotatably mounted via an upper rotary bearing 50 at the upper end 3 of the tower 2. The generator 9 is mounted in the lower part of the tower 2 on an annular platform 52. The annular platform 52 is rotatably mounted on a fixedly connected to the tower 2 platform carrier 54. In this way, the generator 9 with generator shaft 1 1 and mounted thereon Generatorwellenrad 16 the rotor 5 with rotor shaft 7 and rotor shaft 15 mounted thereon be tracked so that the two wave wheels 15 and 16 looping steel wire 17 is not twisted and not in contact with the tower 2 arrives.

FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the fourth embodiment according to FIG. 5 in that, in addition to the first embodiment of FIG Rope drive 13, a second cable drive 60 is provided which extends parallel to the first cable drive 13 on the opposite side of the tower 2. The second cable drive 60 includes a second rotor shaft 62 fixedly mounted on the rotor shaft 7, a second steel cable 64, and a second generator shaft 66. The second generator shaft 66 is disposed on a second generator shaft 68 of a second generator 70, also on the annular one rotatable platform 52 is disposed opposite the first generator 9. Due to the parallel cable drives 13 and 60, the tower is symmetrically braced and can thus be built less massive while maintaining stability.

Fig. 7 shows schematically a sixth embodiment of the invention, which also has a first cable drive 80 and a second cable drive 82. The first cable drive comprises a first steel cable 84, which wraps around a rotor shaft wheel 86 and a second shaft wheel 88. The second wave wheel 88 is arranged on a central cable drive shaft 90 which is rotatable by means of a tubular sleeve 92 about a vertical axis and slidably disposed on the tower 2 in the axial direction. The second cable drive 82 comprises a third wave wheel 94, which is also arranged on the middle cable drive shaft 90, and a second steel cable 96, which wraps around the third wave wheel 94 and the generator shaft 16.

The tracking of the rotor 5, the cable drives 13; 13, 60; 80, 82 and the rotatable platform 52 can be carried out in the embodiments according to Figures 5 to 7 by means of electric motors.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment with a tower 2, which has an upper and a lower end 3, 4. At the upper end 3 of the vertically arranged tower 2, a rotor 5 with a horizontally extending rotor shaft 7 is arranged. At the bottom at the lower end 4 of the tower 2, a generator 1 1 is arranged with a generator shaft 13 on a rotatable platform 9. The coupling between the generator 11 and the rotor 5 takes place via a first cable drive 15 and via a second cable drive 17. The first cable drive 15 comprises a rotor shaft 19 mounted on the rotor shaft 7 and a generator shaft 21 mounted on the generator shaft 13. The generator shaft 13 passes through the tower 2 and is rotatably mounted in this. The generator 1 1 and the generator shaft 21 are arranged on opposite sides of the tower 2.

The rotor shaft 7 is connected via the first cable drive 15 with a first and second cable drive 15, 17 common traction drive shaft 23. The traction drive shaft 23 is arranged at least one rotor blade length below the upper end 3 of the tower 2. The first cable drive 15 comprises the rotor shaft 19 on the rotor shaft 7, a arranged on the common Zugmitteltriebwelle 23 first Zugmittelwellenrad 25 and a first steel cable 27 which wraps around the Rotorwell enrad 19 and the first Zugmittelwellenrad 23. The common Zugmitteltriebwelle 23 passes through the tower 2 and is rotatably mounted in this. The second cable drive 17 comprises a second Zugmittelwellenrad 31 arranged on the opposite side of the tower 2 on the common Zugmitteltriebwelle 23, the Generatorwellenrad 21 and a second steel cable 33, which wraps around the second Zugmittelwellenrad 31 and the Generatorwellenrad 21. The second cable drive 17 drives via the generator shaft 21, the generator shaft 13 and thus the generator 1 1 at. The tower 2 is rotatably mounted on the platform 9, so that the rotor 5 can align in the wind.

9 shows an eighth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 8 in that, instead of two cable drives, three cable drives are coupled together. The second cable drive 17 is not connected to the generator shaft 21, but with a third Zugmittelwellenrad 40 which is disposed on a second common Zugmitteltriebwelle 42. The second common traction drive shaft 42 passes through the tower 2 and is rotatably mounted in this. A third cable drive 44 comprises a fourth traction mechanism shaft 46 arranged on the second cable drive 15 opposite the tower 2 on the second common traction mechanism drive shaft 42, a third steel cable 48 and the generator shaft wheel 21.

Fig. 10 shows a ninth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the embodiment of Fig. 9 in that in addition to the generator on the rotatable platform 9 - first generator 1 1 - a second and a third generator 50, 52 are provided. The second generator 50 is on the first common traction drive shaft 23 and the third generator 52 is on the second common traction mechanism drive shaft 42 arranged. The second and third generators 50, 52 are mounted on opposite sides of the tower 2 thereto. Characterized in that a plurality of generators 1 1, 50, 52 are provided, it is possible to build the above the bottom of the tower 2 arranged generators 50, 52 smaller or to use smaller generators, so that these then at a greater height on the tower 2 can be arranged without that the tower 2 would have to be made more massive.

Fig. 1 1 shows schematically an exemplary rotatable platform 9 and a foundation 60 with which the tower 2 is rotatably anchored in the ground. Here is the lower end 4 of the tower 2 in the foundation 40 in a correspondingly large-sized bearing bush 62, wherein the rotation of the tower 2 in the bearing bush 62 is ensured by appropriate Welzlager or by an oil film 64. In order to avoid sliding out of the tower 2 upwards, the tower 2 is additionally secured at the upper end of the bearing bush 42 in a ring bearing 66 in the axial direction.

Fig. 12 shows a schematic representation of a tenth embodiment with a tower 2, which has an upper and a lower end 3, 4. At the upper end 3 of the vertically arranged tower 2, a rotor 5 with a horizontally extending rotor shaft 7 is arranged. At the bottom at the lower end 4 of the tower 2, a generator 1 1 is arranged with a generator shaft 13 on a rotatable annular platform 9. The coupling between generator 1 1 and rotor 5 via a cable drive 15 which comprises a mounted on the rotor shaft 7 rotor shaft 17, a mounted on the generator shaft 13 Generatorwellenrad 19 and a steel cable 21 which wraps around the two wave wheels 17 and 19. The red 5 with rotor shaft 7 and rotor shaft 17 is rotatably mounted about a pivot bearing 23 at the upper end 3 of the tower 2 about a substantially vertical axis. The rotatable platform 9 with generator 1 1, generator shaft 13 and generator shaft 19 are rotatably mounted on a foundation 25 about the substantially vertical axis about the tower. By the pivot bearing 23 and the rotatable platform 9, the cable drive 15 and the generator 1 1 can be tracked in a simple manner when the rotor 5 is aligned in the wind. The tracking prevents the steel cable 21, which wraps around the two wave wheels 17 and 19, from being twisted and does not come into contact with the tower 2. 13 shows an eleventh embodiment of the invention, which differs from the tenth embodiment according to FIG. 12 in that, in addition to the first cable drive 15, a second cable drive 30 is provided which is parallel to the first cable drive 15 on the opposite side of the tower 2 runs. The second cable drive 30 comprises a second rotor shaft wheel 32 fixedly mounted on the rotor shaft 7, a second steel cable 34 and a second generator shaft gear 36. The second generator shaft gear 36 is disposed on a second generator shaft 38 of a second generator 40 also on the annular one rotatable platform 9 of the first generator 1 1 is arranged opposite. Due to the parallel cable drives 15 and 30, the tower is symmetrical braced and can thus be built less massive while maintaining stability.

14 schematically shows a twelfth embodiment of the invention, which likewise has a first cable drive 50 and a second cable drive 52. The first cable drive comprises a first steel cable 54 which wraps around a rotor shaft 56 and a first shaft 58. The first wave wheel 58 is disposed on a central common cable drive shaft 60 which is rotatable about the vertical axis by means of a tubular sleeve 62 and slidably disposed on the tower 2 in the axial direction. The second cable drive 52 comprises a second wave wheel 64, which is likewise arranged on the middle cable drive shaft 60, and a second steel cable 66, which wraps around the second wave wheel 64 and the generator shaft wheel 19.

Fig. 15 shows schematically a thirteenth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the twelfth embodiment of Fig. 14 in that not only on one side of the tower 2, a first and a second cable drive 50, 52, but also on opposite sides of the tower a third and a fourth cable drive 70, 72 are thus provided a total of four cable drives. The third and fourth cable drive 70, 72 is also associated with a second generator 74, which is arranged on the rotatable platform 9 opposite the first generator 1 1. The third cable drive 70 includes a second rotor shaft 76, a third steel cable 78, and a third shaft 80 disposed on a second common cable drive shaft 82. The second cable drive shaft 82 also extends laterally away from the tubular sleeve 62 in the opposite direction to the first common cable drive shaft 60. The fourth rope drive 72 includes a fourth shaft gear 84 disposed on the second common cable drive shaft 82 adjacent to the third shaft gear 80, a fourth steel cable 86, and a second generator shaft gear 88 disposed on a second generator shaft 90 of the second generator 74.

Due to the mirror-symmetrical structure of the thirteenth embodiment, each with two cable drives 50, 52 and 70, 72 on opposite sides of the tower 2 this is braced in the manner of a mast of a sailing ship and the tower can be built less massive at the same height.

The tracking of the rotor 5, the cable drives 15; 15, 30; 50, 52; 70, 72 and the rotatable platform 9 can be made in each of the embodiments ten to thirteen by means of electric motors.

It is in the embodiments ten to thirteen also possible on one side or on both sides to provide three, four or even more cable drives with corresponding common cable drive shafts. Also, the common cable drive shafts and the rotor shaft can be additionally assigned smaller generators. As a result, the generation of electric power is distributed to a plurality of (smaller) generators.

The tubular sleeve 62 may be secured by means of a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing on the tower 2.

Fig. 16 shows a schematic representation of a particularly simple embodiment of a transmission with which the comparatively low speed of the rotor and thus of the rotor shaft 15, a fast-running generator 9 can be adjusted. The driven by a traction means 17 from the rotor shaft 15 lower shaft or Generatorwellenrad 16 engages in a smaller gear 55 which is mounted on the generator shaft 1 1. As a result, the comparatively low rotor speed can be increased in a simple manner and adapted to the input speed of the high-speed generator 9. An increased generator speed in comparison to the rotor speed can also be achieved by selecting the diameter of the rotor shaft wheel 15 to be greater than the diameter of the Genertorwellenradesl 6, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. As already shown in the embodiment according to FIG. 7, in the case of a plurality of cable drives, the speed can be increased incrementally, in which the diameter of a lower shaft 88 is dimensioned larger than the upper shaft 94 mounted on the same cable drive shaft.

Fig. 17 shows schematically an embodiment of the invention, in which the tower 2 of a wind turbine by means of a pile foundation 100 is anchored rigidly in the ground. The embodiment according to FIG. 17 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 7 only in that a rotatable platform 102 with generator 104 with lower wave wheel 105 is arranged underground in a recess 106 directly above the pile foundation 100. The recess 106 is covered by a cover 108 and has an opening 1 10. Through the opening 1 10 extends a traction means 1 12. The cover 108 is rigidly connected to the rotatable platform 102, so that the traction means 1 12 can always extend through the opening 1 10.

FIG. 18 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention, which represents a combination of the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 17. The tower 2 of a wind turbine has at the bottom of a bag or socket-shaped recess 120 into which a firmly anchored in the ground carrier mandrel 122 engages. The tower 2 is mounted on an upper and a lower bearing 124 and 125 axially rotatable but not axially displaceable. A generator 104 is disposed on a platform 126 fixedly connected to the tower 2 and rotates together with the tower 2. The generator 104 is protected in a recess 106 which is covered with a cover 108. The cover 108 has an opening 1 10 through which a traction means 1 12 extends.

In all embodiments described above, instead of the cable drives, chain drives or toothed belt drives can be used, wherein the wave wheels are formed as gears. The link chains of the chain drives are designed in particular as leaf chains, wherein the working width of the leaf chains of the power to be transmitted is adjusted. Particularly suitable are so-called sprocket drives, wherein the working width of the toothed chains can also be adapted to the power to be transmitted. Toothed chains are produced, for example, by Kettenfuchs in various embodiments, lengths and working widths.

Also, the use of drive belts with knobs and complementary recesses in the wave wheels or wave wheels with knobs or teeth, which is possible in complementary recesses in the drive belt.

The chain drives can be made at least partially of high strength fiber reinforced plastics such as CFRP, aramids, etc., or of titanium. The traction means in the form of toothed belts, or drive belts can also be made of high-strength fiber-reinforced plastics, such as CFRP, aramids, etc.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2 tower

3 upper end of 2

4 lower end of 2

5 rotor

7 rotor shaft

9 generator

1 1 generator shaft

13 rope drive

15 rotor shaft wheel

16 Generator shaft wheel

17 steel cable

19 pivot bearings

20 first rope drive

22 second rope drive

24 common traction drive shaft

26 first Zugmittelwellenrad

28 first steel cable

30 second Zugmittelwellenrad

32 second steel cable

34 first generator

35 second generator

36 third generator

37 fourth generator

40 foundation

42 bearing bush

44 oil film

46 ring bearings

50 upper pivot bearing

52 annular rotatable platform

54 platform carrier

55 gear

56 pile foundation 57 recess

58 cover

59 opening in 58

60 second rope drive

62 second rotor shaft wheel

64 second steel cable

66 second generator shaft wheel

68 second generator shaft

70 second generator

80 first rope drive

82 second rope drive

84 first steel cable

86 rotor shaft wheel

88 second wave wheel

90 middle rope drive shaft

92 tubular sleeve for 90

94 third wave wheel

96 second steel cable

List of reference numerals of FIGS. 8-11

2 tower

3 upper end of 2

4 lower end of 2

5 rotor

7 rotor shaft

9 rotatable platform

1 1 (first) generator

13 generator shaft

15 first rope drive

17 second rope drive

19 rotor shaft wheel

21 Generator shaft wheel

23 (first) common traction drive shaft

25 first Zugmittelwellenrad

27 first steel cable second Zugmittelwellenrad

second steel cable third Zugmittelwellenrad

second common traction drive shaft third rope drive

fourth Zugmittelwellenrad

third steel cable second generator

third generator foundation

bearing bush

oil film

section bearings

List of Reference Numerals of Figures 12-15 tower

upper end of 2

lower end of 2

rotor

rotor shaft

rotatable platform

(first) generator

(first) generator shaft

(first) rope drive

(first) rotor shaft

(first) generator shaft wheel

(first) steel cable

pivot bearing

Foundation second rope drive

second rotor shaft wheel

second steel cable second generator shaft wheel

second generator shaft

second generator first rope drive

second rope drive

first steel cable

Rotorwellenrad

first wave wheel

common rope drive shaft

tubular sleeve

second wave wheel

second steel rope third rope drive

fourth rope drive

second generator

second rotor shaft

third steel cable

third wave wheel

second common cable drive shaft fourth wave wheel

fourth steel cable

second generator shaft wheel

second generator shaft pile foundation

rotatable platform

generator

lower wave wheel

recess

cover

Opening in 108

Traction means recess in the lower part of the tower 2 carrier mandrel

Upper pivot bearing lower pivot bearing firmly connected to the tower platform

Claims

claims

1 . Wind turbine for generating electrical energy, with

a tower, which has an upper and a lower end,

a rotor disposed at the upper end,

at least one generator, which is mechanically coupled to the rotor, wherein the mechanical coupling between the rotor and the at least one generator via at least one traction mechanism, each comprising a traction means comprising an upper shaft and a wheel arranged at a distance from the upper Wellenrades lower shaft wheel wraps around and transmits the rotational movement of the upper shaft to the lower Wellenrad.

2. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that

in that the at least one generator is arranged between the upper and the lower end of the tower on the tower.

3. Wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the position of the at least one generator is fixed to the tower by the weight of the generator and the mechanical stability of the tower.

4. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

that the tower is designed in terms of its mechanical stability for supporting the rotor and the wind loads at the top.

5. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

that the rotor has a substantially horizontally extending rotor shaft which is the first traction drive shaft of one of the traction drives, and that the at least one generator comprises a generator shaft which is the second traction drive shaft of one of the traction drives.

6. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction mechanism drive comprises at least one cable drive.

7. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction mechanism drive comprises at least one chain drive or a toothed belt drive.

8. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction drive comprises at least one drive belt with knobs and complementary recesses on the wave wheels or knobs or teeth on the wave wheels with complementary recesses in the drive belt.

9. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction mechanism comprises a tensioning device for the traction means.

10. Wind turbine according to claim 9, characterized in that the clamping device uses the weight of the at least one generator.

1 1. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims 9 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the second Zugmitteltriebwellen along the tower is arranged longitudinally movable.

12. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tower and the traction mechanism are surrounded by a protective cover.

13. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or the traction mechanism drives extend at least partially in the interior of the tower.

14. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that are arranged on the Zugmitteltriebwellen wave wheels with different diameters.

15. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of generators are provided which are each coupled to a traction drive shaft.

16. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tower has sections of different building materials.

17. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tower with rotor and generator is designed to be rotatable about a substantially vertical axis.

18. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a first and a second traction mechanism drive are provided which extend on opposite sides of the tower along the tower.

19. Wind power plant according to claim 18, characterized

that the first traction mechanism drive in the upper region of the tower and the second traction mechanism drive in the lower region of the tower, and

that a common traction drive shaft passes through the tower.

20. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims 18 to 19, characterized in that at least three traction mechanisms are provided, which are each arranged alternately on opposite sides of the tower along the tower.

21. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

that the tower is firmly anchored in the ground, and

in that the rotor, generator and the at least one traction mechanism drive are designed to be rotatable about a substantially vertical axis on the tower.

22. Wind power plant according to claim 19, characterized in that at least two traction mechanism drives are provided, which run parallel to each other on opposite sides of the tower.

23. Wind power plant according to claim 20, characterized in that the parallel traction mechanism drives are each assigned a generator.

24. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one generator on a to the tower rotatable annular platform is mounted, which is rotatably mounted on a fixedly connected to the tower platform carrier or on a ground connected to the platform carrier.

25. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the at least one generator is arranged on a fixedly connected to the tower turntable.

26. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims 21 to 25, characterized in that the at least one generator is arranged underground.

27. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction means of the traction mechanisms are guided by guide means along the tower.

28. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transmission is arranged between the lower shaft and the generator.

29. Wind power plant according to claim 28, characterized

in that the transmission has at least one toothed wheel which is arranged on a toothed wheel shaft,

that engages the at least one gear in a toothing on the lower shaft wheel, and

that the diameter of the lower shaft wheel is greater than the diameter of the at least one gear.

30. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor rotates at a rotational speed of at most 30 U / min.

31. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational speed of the generator is between 5 U / min and 1500 U / min.

32. Wind power plant according to claim 29, characterized in that the rotational speed of the generator is between 500 U / min and 1500 U / min.

33. Wind power plant according to claim 29, characterized in that the rotational speed of the generator is between 100 U / min and 500 U / min.

34. Wind power plant according to claim 29, characterized in that the rotational speed of the generator is between 20 U / min and 100 U / min.

35. Wind power plant according to claim 29, characterized in that the rotational speed of the generator is between 5 U / min and 20 U / min.

36. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an alignment device for actively aligning the planes of rotation of the upper and lower Wellenrads in a plane.

37. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction mechanism drives have driving elements which engage in corresponding recesses in the wave wheels.

38. Wind power plant according to claim 37, characterized in that the at least one traction mechanism drive is a cable drive and that the driver elements are rounded elements which are firmly connected to the rope of the cable drive.

39. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tower (2) on a pile foundation (100) founds.

40. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 39, characterized in that the tower at the lower end has a recess (120) for receiving a firmly anchored in the ground carrier mandrel (122).

41. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 40, characterized in that the chain drive comprises at least one leaf chain with a plurality of links transversely to the direction of movement of the chain drive.

42. Wind power plant according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 41, characterized in that the chain drive is at least one sprocket drive.

43. Wind power plant according to one of claims 6 to 42, characterized in that the links of the chain drive or the timing belt at least partially made of high-strength fiber-reinforced plastic.

44. Wind power plant according to one of claims 6 to 43, characterized in that the links of the chain drive consist at least partially of titanium.