WO2014156116A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極、非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法および非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極、非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法および非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0416—Methods of deposition of the material involving impregnation with a solution, dispersion, paste or dry powder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a method for producing a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode for the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which deterioration of cycle characteristics is suppressed even when the potential of the positive electrode is set to a high potential, a method for producing a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and the nonaqueous electrolyte thereof It is providing the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode for secondary batteries.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode plate in which a positive electrode mixture layer including a positive electrode active material for desorbing and inserting Li, a binder, and a conductive agent is formed on a positive electrode current collector, W, Al, Mg, Ti, Zr and a solution containing at least one element selected from rare earth elements are brought into contact with at least a part of the positive electrode active material, at least a part of the binder, and the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- a compound containing at least one element selected from W, Al, Mg, Ti, Zr and a rare earth element is adhered to at least a part of any surface.
- a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which deterioration of cycle characteristics is suppressed even when the potential of the positive electrode is set to a high potential, a method for producing a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a positive electrode for a battery is provided.
- a positive electrode mixture layer including a positive electrode active material for desorbing and inserting Li, a binder, and a conductive agent is formed on a positive electrode current collector.
- Zr and a compound containing at least one element selected from rare earth elements are attached.
- W Al, Mg, Ti, Zr and rare earth elements, W and rare earth elements are preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution.
- the binder is, for example, a polymer having a particle shape or a network structure, maintains a good contact state between the particle shape positive electrode active material and the powder or the particle shape conductive agent, and collects the positive electrode current. Used to enhance the binding property of the positive electrode active material and the like to the surface of the body.
- the binder include a fluorine-based polymer and a rubber-based polymer. Specifically, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), or modified products thereof as the fluorine-based polymer, ethylene-propylene-isoprene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-polymer as the rubber-based polymer, etc. Examples thereof include butadiene copolymers.
- the binder may be used in combination with a thickener such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or polyethylene oxide (PEO).
- the positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes, for example, a positive electrode in which a positive electrode mixture layer including a positive electrode active material for desorbing and inserting Li, a binder, and a conductive agent is formed on a positive electrode current collector.
- the plate is contacted with the solution by immersing the plate in a solution containing at least one element selected from W, Al, Mg, Ti, Zr and a rare earth element, or by spraying the solution onto the positive electrode plate.
- At least part of the positive electrode active material contained in the mixture layer, at least part of the binder, and at least part of the conductive agent are selected from W, Al, Mg, Ti, Zr and rare earth elements. It can be obtained by a method of attaching a compound containing at least one element. Thereby, the said compound can be contained in the inside and surface of a positive electrode plate.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry on a positive electrode current collector, dry and then roll the positive electrode plate after rolling and contact the solution. This is because a rare earth element compound or the like can also be present on a new surface generated by cracks generated from the surface of the active material secondary particles generated during rolling.
- Examples of the carbon material include graphites such as natural graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, and artificial graphite, and cokes.
- Examples of the alloy compound include those containing at least one metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium.
- Examples of the metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium include silicon and tin, and silicon oxide or tin oxide in which these are combined with oxygen can also be used. Moreover, you may use what mixed the said carbon material and the compound of silicon or tin.
- silicon oxide (SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, particularly preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1)] may be used in addition to the silicon and the silicon alloy.
- a solvent in which a part of these H is substituted with F is preferably used. Further, these can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and in particular, a solvent in which a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate are combined, and a solvent in which a compound containing a small amount of nitrile or an ether is combined with these are preferable. .
- solutes can be used as the solute of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Li [B (C 2 O 4 ) F 2 ], Li [P (C 2 O 4 ) F 4 ], Li [P (C 2 O 4 ) 2 F 2 ] and the like can be given.
- LiBOB it is most preferable to use LiBOB in order to form a stable film on the surface of the negative electrode even in a high temperature environment.
- Examples of the method for forming the filler layer include a method in which a filler-containing slurry is directly applied to a positive electrode, a negative electrode, or a separator, a method in which a sheet formed with a filler is attached to a positive electrode, a negative electrode, or a separator. It is done.
- lithium cobalt cobalt manganate as the positive electrode active material
- carbon black as the conductive agent
- polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as the binder
- N-methyl-2- Pyrrolidone was added so that the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder was 95: 2.5: 2.5, and then kneaded to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
- this positive electrode slurry was applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil, dried, and then rolled with a rolling roller, so that the positive electrode packing density was 3.2 g / cc.
- a positive electrode in which a positive electrode mixture layer was formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector was obtained by attaching a positive electrode current collecting tab.
- the above positive electrode plate was immersed in a 0.03 mol / L sodium tungstate aqueous solution and dried at 110 ° C. in the air to produce a positive electrode plate containing a tungsten compound inside and on the surface.
- the surface and inside of the obtained positive electrode plate contained 0.20% by mass of tungsten compound in terms of tungsten element. Further, as a result of observing the surface and cross section of the positive electrode plate with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a 0.5 ⁇ m thick layer made of a tungsten compound (mostly sodium tungstate) was formed on a part of the surface of the electrode plate. It was confirmed that Further, the tungsten compound was attached not only to a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material but also to a part of the surface of the conductive agent and part of the surface of the binder. Moreover, the positive electrode active material secondary particles were cracked (crack) at a ratio of about 1/6, and it was confirmed that the tungsten compound was adhered to the new surface (crack surface) generated by the crack.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 is 1 with respect to a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 6: 1. Dissolved to a concentration of 2 mol / liter. Further, vinylene carbonate (VC) was added in an amount of 2.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte, and dissolved to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- MEC methyl ethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode thus obtained are wound so as to face each other with a separator therebetween, and a wound body is produced.
- the wound body is made into an aluminum laminate together with a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A1 having a thickness of 3.6 mm, a width of 3.5 cm, and a length of 6.2 cm was produced.
- Example 2 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A2 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that a 0.03 mol / liter erbium acetate aqueous solution was used instead of the sodium tungstate aqueous solution as the solution for immersing the positive electrode. .
- the surface and inside of the obtained positive electrode plate contained 0.20% by mass of erbium compound in terms of erbium element. Moreover, as a result of observing the surface and cross section of the positive electrode plate with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a 0.5 ⁇ m thick layer made of an erbium compound (mostly erbium hydroxide) was formed on a part of the electrode plate surface. It was confirmed that Moreover, the erbium compound adhered not only to a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material but also to a part of the surface of the conductive agent and a part of the surface of the binder. In addition, the positive electrode active material secondary particles were cracked at a ratio of about 1/6, and it was confirmed that the erbium compound was attached to the new surface (crack surface) generated by the crack.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 3 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A3 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the positive electrode was not immersed in the sodium tungstate solution.
- Example 4 A solution (0.51 mol / L) of sodium tungstate dissolved in pure water while mixing the nickel cobalt lithium manganate powder used in Experimental Example 1 with a kneader (TK Hibismix, manufactured by Primics Co., Ltd.) Sprayed. Subsequently, it dried at 120 degreeC in air
- TK Hibismix manufactured by Primics Co., Ltd.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A4 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the positive electrode active material used was a tungsten compound (mostly sodium tungstate) attached to the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material used was a tungsten compound (mostly sodium tungstate) attached to the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- a layer made of a tungsten compound was not formed on the surface of the electrode plate.
- cracks occurred in the active material secondary particles at a ratio of about 1/6, but no tungsten compound adhered to the new surface due to the cracks.
- Example 5 A positive electrode active material was obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 4 except that a solution (0.12 mol / L) of erbium acetate tetrahydrate dissolved in pure water was used instead of sodium tungstate.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A5 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the positive electrode active material used was an erbium compound (mostly erbium hydroxide) attached to the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material used was an erbium compound (mostly erbium hydroxide) attached to the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the layer made of the erbium compound was not formed on the surface of the electrode plate.
- cracks occurred in the active material secondary particles at a ratio of about 1/6, but no tungsten compound adhered to the new surface due to the cracks.
- Capacity maintenance rate after 250 cycles [%] (Discharge capacity after 250 cycles ⁇ initial discharge capacity) ⁇ 100
- nickel cobalt lithium manganate is used as the positive electrode active material, and the tungsten compound or erbium compound is attached not only to a part of the positive electrode active material but also to a part of the conductive agent and the binder.
- the batteries A1 and A2 thus made have a higher positive electrode potential than the battery A3 in which no tungsten compound or erbium compound is attached and the batteries A4 and A5 in which the tungsten compound or erbium compound is attached only to the positive electrode active material.
- the transition metal contained in the positive electrode active material has catalytic properties, and in the positive electrode and on the surface of the positive electrode, the catalytic effect is generated up to the surface of the conductive agent and binder present on the surface of the positive electrode active material, It is considered that a decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution has occurred. Therefore, as in Experimental Examples 1 and 2, cycle characteristics when the potential of the positive electrode is made high by attaching a tungsten compound or a rare earth compound in the same manner as the positive electrode active material including the conductive agent and the binder. Improved. In addition, it is considered that the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution on the surface could be further suppressed by the presence of the tungsten compound or the rare earth compound on the new surface generated by the secondary particle cracking due to the positive electrode rolling.
- Example 6 In Experimental Example 1, non-aqueous electrolyte was used in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that lithium cobalt cobalt manganate as the positive electrode active material was replaced by lithium cobaltate and the positive electrode packing density was 3.6 g / cc. Electrolyte secondary battery A6 was produced. As a result of ICP analysis using an ICP emission analyzer, the surface and inside of the obtained positive electrode plate contained 0.20% by mass of tungsten compound in terms of tungsten element.
- a 0.5 ⁇ m thick layer made of a tungsten compound (mostly sodium tungstate) was formed on a part of the surface of the electrode plate. It was confirmed that Further, the tungsten compound was attached not only to a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material but also to a part of the surface of the conductive agent and part of the surface of the binder. Moreover, the positive electrode active material secondary particles were cracked (crack) at a ratio of about 1/10, and it was confirmed that the tungsten compound was adhered to the new surface (crack surface) generated by the crack.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 7 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A7 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 6 except that the positive electrode was not immersed in the sodium tungstate solution.
- Capacity maintenance rate after 150 cycles [%] (Discharge capacity after 150 cycles ⁇ initial discharge capacity) ⁇ 100
- the battery A6 using lithium cobaltate as the positive electrode active material and having the tungsten compound attached not only to a part of the positive electrode active material but also to a part of the conductive agent and the binder is as follows. Further, the cycle characteristics when the potential of the positive electrode was set to a high potential were also improved as compared with the battery A7 to which no tungsten compound was adhered.
- Example 8 [Preparation of positive electrode active material (nickel cobalt lithium aluminum oxide)]
- the nickel cobalt aluminum composite hydroxide represented by Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 (OH) 2 obtained by coprecipitation was converted into an oxide at 600 ° C.
- LiOH and the obtained nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide were mixed in an Ishikawa type mortar so that the molar ratio of Li to the entire transition metal was 1.05: 1, and this mixture was mixed with oxygen.
- lithium nickel cobaltaluminate particles thus obtained were put into 1.5 L of pure water and stirred (washed with water), and then vacuum dried to obtain a lithium nickel cobaltaluminate powder.
- lithium nickel cobalt manganate Li 1.05 Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 O 2
- lithium nickel cobalt aluminate Li 1.05 Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 O 2
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A8 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the density was 3.6 g / cc.
- the surface and inside of the obtained positive electrode plate before battery preparation contained 0.20% by mass of tungsten compound in terms of tungsten element.
- a 0.5 ⁇ m thick layer made of a tungsten compound (mostly sodium tungstate) was formed on a part of the surface of the electrode plate. It was confirmed that Further, the tungsten compound was attached not only to a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material but also to a part of the surface of the conductive agent and part of the surface of the binder. Moreover, the positive electrode active material secondary particles were cracked (crack) at a ratio of about 1/4, and it was confirmed that the tungsten compound was adhered to the new surface (crack surface) generated by the cracking.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 9 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A9 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 8 except that the liquid used for immersing the positive electrode was replaced with a sodium tungstate aqueous solution and a 0.03 mol / liter erbium acetate aqueous solution was used. .
- the surface and inside of the obtained positive electrode plate before battery preparation contained 0.20% by mass of erbium compound in terms of erbium element.
- a 0.5 ⁇ m thick layer made of an erbium compound (mostly erbium hydroxide) was formed on a part of the electrode plate surface. It was confirmed that Moreover, the erbium compound adhered not only to a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material but also to a part of the surface of the conductive agent and a part of the surface of the binder. In addition, it was confirmed that the secondary particles of the positive electrode active material had cracks (cracks) at a ratio of about 1/4, and the erbium compound was adhered to the new surface (crack surface) generated by the cracks.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 10 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery A10 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 8 except that the positive electrode was not immersed in the sodium tungstate solution.
- Capacity maintenance rate after 100 cycles [%] (Discharge capacity after 100 cycles ⁇ initial discharge capacity) ⁇ 100
- the nickel cobalt aluminum aluminate not subjected to the water washing treatment has a residual alkali amount measured by the Walder method about 50 times that of the nickel cobalt aluminum aluminate subjected to the water washing treatment, and the battery is kept at 80 ° C. for 48 hours.
- the amount of gas generated when stored is more than three times. Therefore, from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent high-temperature storage characteristics, the obtained lithium nickel cobalt aluminate is washed with water in an appropriate amount of water to remove the alkaline component adhering to the surface of the lithium nickel cobalt aluminate. It is preferable.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池は、正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備える。本実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池は、例えば、正極および負極がセパレータを介して巻回もしくは積層された電極体と、液状の非水電解質である非水電解液とが電池外装缶に収容された構成を有するが、これに限定されるものではない。以下に、非水電解質二次電池の各構成部材について詳述する。
本発明の実施の形態に係る非水電解質二次電池用正極は、Liを脱離挿入する正極活物質と結着剤と導電剤とを含む正極合剤層が正極集電体上に形成された正極板を備え、正極合剤層に含まれる正極活物質の少なくとも一部、結着剤の少なくとも一部、および導電剤の少なくとも一部のいずれの表面にも、W、Al、Mg、Ti、Zrおよび希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素を含む化合物が付着しているものである。
ス(CMC)、ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)等の増粘剤と併用されてもよい。
負極としては、従来から用いられてきた負極を用いることができ、例えば、負極活物質と、結着剤とを水あるいは適当な溶媒で混合し、負極集電体に塗布し、乾燥し、圧延することにより得られる。負極活物質としては、例えば、リチウムを吸蔵放出可能な炭素材料、あるいはリチウムと合金を形成可能な金属またはその金属を含む合金化合物等が挙げられる。
非水電解質の溶媒としては、従来から用いられてきた溶媒を使用することができる。例えば、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート等の環状カーボネートや、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート等の鎖状カーボネートや、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、γ-ブチロラクトン等のエステルを含む化合物や、プロパンスルトン等のスルホン基を含む化合物や、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,2-ジエトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン等のエーテルを含む化合物や、ブチロニトリル、バレロニトリル、n-ヘプタンニトリル、スクシノニトリル、グルタルニトリル、アジポニトリル、ピメロニトリル、1,2,3-プロパントリカルボニトリル、1,3,5-ペンタントリカルボニトリル等のニトリルを含む化合物や、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミドを含む化合物等を用いることができる。特に、これらのHの一部がFにより置換されている溶媒が好ましく用いられる。また、これらを単独または複数組み合わせて使用することができ、特に環状カーボネートと鎖状カーボネートとを組み合わせた溶媒や、さらにこれらに少量のニトリルを含む化合物やエーテルを含む化合物が組み合わされた溶媒が好ましい。
セパレータとしては、従来から用いられてきたセパレータを用いることができる。セパレータとしては、具体的には、ポリエチレンを含んでなるセパレータの他に、ポリエチレン層の表面にポリプロピレンを含んでなる層が形成されたものや、ポリエチレンのセパレータの表面にアラミド系樹脂等の樹脂等が塗布されたもの等が挙げられる。また、セパレータの表面にチタンやアルミニウムの酸化物等の無機フィラーが付着しているものを用いてもよい。
[正極の作製]
Li2CO3と、Ni0.50Co0.20Mn0.30(OH)2で表される共沈水酸化物とを、Liと遷移金属全体とのモル比が1.08:1になるように石川式らいかい乳鉢にて混合した。次に、この混合物を空気雰囲気中にて950℃で20時間熱処理後に粉砕することにより、平均二次粒子径が約15μmのLi1.08Ni0.50Co0.20Mn0.30O2で表されるニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムを得た。
増粘剤であるCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム)を水に溶かした水溶液中に、負極活物質として人造黒鉛と、結着剤としてのSBR(スチレン-ブタジエンゴム)とを、負極活物質と結着剤と増粘剤の質量比が98:1:1の比率になるようにして加えた後に混練して、負極スラリーを作製した。この負極スラリーを銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面にできるだけ均一に塗布し、乾燥させ、圧延ローラにより圧延し、負極集電タブを取り付けることにより、負極を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とメチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とを、3:6:1の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に対して、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.2モル/リットルの濃度になるように溶解した。さらにビニレンカーボネート(VC)を非水電解液全量に対して2.0質量%添加し、溶解させて、非水電解質を調製した。
このようにして得た正極および負極を、セパレータを介して対向するように巻取って巻取り体を作製し、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローボックス中にて、巻取り体を非水電解質とともにアルミニウムラミネートに封入することにより、厚み3.6mm、幅3.5cm、長さ6.2cmの非水電解質二次電池A1を作製した。
正極を浸漬する際の液をタングステン酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて0.03モル/リットルの酢酸エルビウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池A2を作製した。
正極をタングステン酸ナトリウム溶液に浸漬しなかったこと以外は上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池A3を作製した。
実験例1で用いたニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム粉末を、混練機(TKハイビスミックス、プライミクス株式会社製)にて混合しながら、タングステン酸ナトリウムを純水に溶解した溶液(0.51モル/L)を噴霧した。次いで、大気中、120℃で乾燥し、上記ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムの表面の一部にタングステン酸ナトリウムが付着した正極活物質を得た。
タングステン酸ナトリウムに代えて酢酸エルビウム4水和物を純水に溶解した溶液(0.12モル/L)を用いたこと以外は実験例4と同様にして正極活物質を得た。
上記の電池A1~A5について下記条件にて充放電し、正極の電位を高電位にした場合のサイクル特性を評価した。
[1サイクル目の充放電条件]
・1サイクル目の充電条件
640mAの電流で電池電圧が4.35Vとなるまで定電流充電を行い、さらに、4.35Vの定電圧で電流値が32mAとなるまで定電圧充電を行った。
・1サイクル目の放電条件
800mAの定電流で電池電圧が3.00Vとなるまで定電流放電を行った。このときの放電容量を測定し、初期放電容量とした。
・休止
上記充電と放電との間の休止間隔は10分間とした。
250サイクル後の容量維持率[%]
=(250サイクル後の放電容量÷初期放電容量)×100
実験例1において、正極活物質のニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムをコバルト酸リチウムに代えたことと、正極の充填密度を3.6g/ccとしたこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池A6を作製した。ICP発光分析装置を用いたICP分析の結果、得られた正極板の表面および内部には、タングステン化合物がタングステン元素換算で0.20質量%含まれていた。また、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて正極板の表面及び断面を観察した結果、タングステン化合物(ほとんどがタングステン酸ナトリウム)からなる厚み0.5μmの層が、極板表面の一部に形成されていることが確認された。また、タングステン化合物は、正極活物質の表面の一部のみならず、導電剤の表面の一部や、結着剤の表面の一部にも付着していた。また、約1/10個の割合で正極活物質二次粒子に割れ(クラック)が生じており、割れにより生じた新生面(クラック表面)に、タングステン化合物が付着していることが確認された。
正極をタングステン酸ナトリウム溶液に浸漬しなかったこと以外は上記実験例6と同様にして非水電解質二次電池A7を作製した。
上記の電池A6,A7について下記条件にて充放電し、正極の電位を高電位にした場合のサイクル特性を評価した。
・1サイクル目の充電条件
750mAの電流で電池電圧が4.40Vとなるまで定電流充電を行い、さらに、4.40の定電圧で電流値が38mAとなるまで定電圧充電を行った。
・1サイクル目の放電条件
750mAの定電流で電池電圧が2.75となるまで定電流放電を行った。このときの放電容量を測定し、初期放電容量とした。
・休止
上記充電と放電との間の休止間隔は10分間とした。
150サイクル後の容量維持率[%]
=(150サイクル後の放電容量÷初期放電容量)×100
[正極活物質(ニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸リチウム)の作製]
共沈により得られたNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2で表されるニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合水酸化物を600℃で酸化物にした。次に、LiOHと得られたニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物とを、Liと遷移金属全体とのモル比が1.05:1になるように石川式らいかい乳鉢にて混合し、この混合物を酸素雰囲気中にて800℃で20時間熱処理後に粉砕することにより、平均二次粒径が約15μmのLi1.05Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2で表されるニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸リチウムの粒子を得た。
正極を浸漬する際の液をタングステン酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて0.03モル/リットルの酢酸エルビウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、上記実験例8と同様にして非水電解質二次電池A9を作製した。ICP発光分析装置を用いたICP分析の結果、得られた電池作製前の正極板の表面および内部には、エルビウム化合物がエルビウム元素換算で0.20質量%含まれていた。また、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて正極板の表面及び断面を観察した結果、エルビウム化合物(ほとんどが水酸化エルビウム)からなる厚み0.5μmの層が、極板表面の一部に形成されていることが確認された。また、エルビウム化合物は、正極活物質の表面の一部のみならず、導電剤の表面の一部や、結着剤の表面の一部にも付着していた。また、約1/4個の割合で正極活物質二次粒子に割れ(クラック)が生じており、割れにより生じた新生面(クラック表面)に、エルビウム化合物が付着していることが確認された。
正極をタングステン酸ナトリウム溶液に浸漬しなかったこと以外は上記実験例8と同様にして非水電解質二次電池A10を作製した。
上記の電池A8~A10について下記条件にて充放電し、正極の電位を高電位にした場合のサイクル特性を評価した。
・1サイクル目の充電条件
475mAの電流で電池電圧が4.40Vとなるまで定電流充電を行い、さらに、4.40の定電圧で電流値が38mAとなるまで定電圧充電を行った。
・1サイクル目の放電条件
950mAの定電流で電池電圧が2.50となるまで定電流放電を行った。このときの放電容量を測定し、初期放電容量とした。
・休止
上記充電と放電との間の休止間隔は10分間とした。
100サイクル後の容量維持率[%]
=(100サイクル後の放電容量÷初期放電容量)×100
Claims (6)
- Liを脱離挿入する正極活物質と結着剤と導電剤とを含む正極合剤層が正極集電体上に形成された正極板を備える非水電解質二次電池用正極であって、
前記正極合剤層に含まれる前記正極活物質の少なくとも一部、前記結着剤の少なくとも一部、および前記導電剤の少なくとも一部のいずれの表面にも、W、Al、Mg、Ti、Zrおよび希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素を含む化合物が付着している、非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極であって、
前記正極活物質の二次粒子のクラック表面に、W、Al、Mg、Ti、Zrおよび希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素を含む化合物が付着している、非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極であって、
前記元素が、Wおよび希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素である、非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れかに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極であって、
前記正極板の表面にも前記少なくとも1つの元素を含む化合物が付着している、非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - Liを脱離挿入する正極活物質と結着剤と導電剤とを含む正極合剤層を正極集電体上に形成した正極板を、W、Al、Mg、Ti、Zrおよび希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素を含む溶液に接触させて、前記正極合剤層に含まれる前記正極活物質の少なくとも一部、前記結着剤の少なくとも一部、および前記導電剤の少なくとも一部のいずれの表面にも、前記W、Al、Mg、Ti、Zrおよび希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素を含む化合物を付着させる、非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法。
- 正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極は、Liを脱離挿入する正極活物質と結着剤と導電剤とを含む正極合剤層が正極集電体上に形成された正極板を備え、
前記正極合剤層に含まれる前記正極活物質の少なくとも一部、前記結着剤の少なくとも一部、および前記導電剤の少なくとも一部のいずれの表面にも、W、Al、Mg、Ti、Zrおよび希土類元素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素を含む化合物が付着している、非水電解質二次電池。
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WO2023190422A1 (ja) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質蓄電素子用の正極及びこれを備える非水電解質蓄電素子 |
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WO2018096909A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-31 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 負極、電池、電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置および電力システム |
CN118352517A (zh) * | 2023-01-09 | 2024-07-16 | 万华化学集团电池科技有限公司 | 一种高耐压三元多晶正极材料及其制备方法 |
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