WO2014092102A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014092102A1 WO2014092102A1 PCT/JP2013/083150 JP2013083150W WO2014092102A1 WO 2014092102 A1 WO2014092102 A1 WO 2014092102A1 JP 2013083150 W JP2013083150 W JP 2013083150W WO 2014092102 A1 WO2014092102 A1 WO 2014092102A1
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet suitable for use as a core material for transformers and electrical equipment.
- the primary recrystallized texture can be obtained by rapid heating at the time of decarburization annealing or by performing a heat treatment for rapid heating immediately before decarburization annealing.
- a method for improvement has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 when decarburizing and annealing a cold-rolled sheet rolled to the final sheet thickness, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with a P H20 / P H2 of 0.2 or less, a temperature of 100 ° C./s or more and 700 ° C.
- a technique for obtaining a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with low iron loss by rapid heating to the above temperature is disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose of which can refining secondary recrystallized grains without excessively increasing the rate of temperature rise in primary recrystallization annealing, and
- An object of the present invention is to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that has better iron loss characteristics than conventional materials.
- the inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, the distribution of misorientation angles between the crystal orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains and the Goss orientation in the product plate has two or more peaks, and the grain size of the secondary recrystallized grains is reduced to 15 mm or less. It has been found that a steel sheet can achieve low iron loss without requiring excessive rapid heating, and the present invention has been developed.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that the azimuth difference angle of the second peak from the one having the smaller azimuth difference angle among the plurality of peaks is 5 ° or more.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a lower iron loss than that of a conventional material can be provided without excessively rapid heating.
- Heating rate of the primary recrystallization annealing, retaining presence in the middle heating is a graph showing the effect on the magnetic flux density B 8. It is a graph which shows the influence which the temperature increase rate of primary recrystallization annealing and the holding presence in the middle of heating have on the iron loss W 17/50 . It is a graph which shows the influence which the temperature increase rate of primary recrystallization annealing and the presence or absence of holding in the middle of heating exert on the particle size of secondary recrystallized grains. It is a graph which shows the influence which the holding presence in the middle of the heating of primary recrystallization annealing has on magnetic flux density.
- the cold-rolled sheet was subjected to primary recrystallization annealing also serving as decarburization annealing at 840 ° C. for 80 seconds in a humid atmosphere of 50 vol% H 2 -50 vol% N 2 and a dew point of 60 ° C.
- the rate of temperature rise is two conditions of 20 ° C./s and 120 ° C./s, and the rate of temperature rise remains constant at a temperature of 450 ° C. during heating.
- heating was performed under two conditions (a total of four conditions) with and without a 4-second holding process.
- the temperature increase rate is a value when it is assumed that 200 ° C. to 700 ° C. is heated for a time excluding the holding time (time (t1 + t3) in FIG. 1). In addition, it heated at 10 degree-C / s from 700 degreeC to soaking temperature.
- the steel sheet subjected to the primary recrystallization annealing is then applied with an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO on the steel sheet surface, followed by secondary recrystallization annealing and purification that is maintained at a temperature of 1200 ° C. for 7 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere. Finished annealing consisting of annealing was performed to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- a test piece was collected from the product plate thus obtained, and the magnetic flux density B 8 and the iron loss W 17/50 were measured by the method described in JIS C2550. The results are shown in FIGS. From these results, the magnetic flux density B 8 is little different depending on the heating conditions, and is almost the same value in all four conditions, but the iron loss W 17/50 varies depending on the conditions. It can be seen that the iron loss is greatly improved as compared to ° C./s, particularly when the holding is performed at a temperature of 450 ° C. during heating, the iron loss is further improved.
- the test piece under the above four conditions is immersed in a 10 mass% HCl aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the forsterite film.
- the secondary recrystallized grain size was measured from the macro appearance of the base iron part.
- the grain size of the secondary recrystallized grains is the average of the major axis and the minor axis when the macrostructure image is taken into a personal computer, image processing is performed to recognize the grain boundary, and the grain boundary is elliptically approximated by the least square method. The value is measured for 200 grains or more, and the average value thereof is calculated.
- the rate of temperature rise is 120 ° C./s
- the crystal orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains is set for two conditions of holding or not, Measured using the Laue method.
- the crystal orientation was measured for a total of 1089 points in a 1000 mm ⁇ 1000 mm region of the product plate at 30 mm intervals in the plate width direction and the longitudinal direction.
- the orientation difference angle between the crystal orientation of the secondary recrystallized grain and the ideal Goss orientation is calculated for all 1089 points, and the existence frequency (%) of the crystal grains having the orientation difference angle is calculated.
- FIG. 5 shows the result of drawing with a histogram having an orientation difference angle of 0.5 ° pitch (hereinafter, this diagram is also referred to as “azimuth difference angle distribution diagram”). From this figure, the difference due to the presence or absence of the retention is that when there is no retention, the azimuth difference angle has one peak near 4 °, whereas when there is retention, the azimuth difference angle is 2.5. The fact that there are two peaks in the vicinity of ° and 6.5 ° was presumed that the iron loss was reduced by the presence of these two peaks.
- the magnitude of the iron loss is greatly influenced by the magnetic domain structure in the secondary recrystallized grains, and most of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are composed of magnetic domains substantially parallel to the rolling direction called 180 ° magnetic domains. Accordingly, the width of the magnetic domain greatly affects the iron loss characteristics, and the iron loss can be reduced as the width is narrower.
- a magnetic domain refinement method in which a mechanical linear groove is imparted to a steel sheet. This method increases the magnetostatic energy of the groove cross section when the groove is formed. It uses the characteristic that is going to be solved by narrowing.
- the magnetic domain width is narrowed, the amount of domain walls increases, so that it is necessary to consider the balance between the decrease in magnetostatic energy and the increase in domain wall energy in terms of energy balance. That is, if the crystal grain size is small, the amount of domain wall that increases is reduced, and the increase in domain wall energy is reduced. Therefore, it can be said that the smaller the crystal grains are, the more suitable for enjoying the effect of reducing the magnetic domain width.
- the reason why the iron loss is greatly improved in the steel sheet that is rapidly heated and held in the middle is that the distribution of misorientation angles has two peaks and the crystal grain size is reduced. This is considered to be due to the synergistic effect of.
- the present invention is based on the above novel findings.
- the balance other than Si is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- C and Mn are preferably contained within the following ranges.
- C is an element that causes magnetic aging and deteriorates magnetic properties.
- C contained in the product plate is preferably reduced to less than 0.005 mass%. More preferably, it is 0.003 mass% or less.
- Mn 0.005 to 1.0 mass%
- Mn is an element effective for improving the hot workability, and in order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable to contain 0.005 mass% or more in the steel material.
- the upper limit is preferably set to 1.0 mass%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.02 to 0.20 mass%.
- the first peak and the second peak have a certain distance, and the azimuth difference angle of the second peak is 5 ° or more. Preferably there is. However, if the misorientation angle becomes too large, the magnetic properties of the grains themselves deteriorate and the iron loss as a whole of the steel sheet also increases. Therefore, the location of the second peak is preferably 10 ° or less. Note that the number of peaks recognized in the orientation difference distribution map is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
- the steel slab is prepared by melting steel adjusted to a predetermined composition by a conventional refining process, and using a conventional continuous casting method or an ingot-bundling rolling method to produce a steel slab. Or it is good also as a thin cast piece of thickness of 100 mm or less by a direct casting method. In addition, since it is difficult to add the component to be arbitrarily contained as described above during the manufacturing process, it is preferably adjusted to a predetermined range in the steel making stage.
- hot rolling is performed according to a conventional method, and the obtained steel sheet (hot rolled sheet) is subjected to hot rolled sheet annealing as necessary.
- the temperature of this hot-rolled sheet annealing is preferably in the range of 800 to 1150 ° C. in order to obtain good magnetic properties. If it is less than 800 degreeC, the band structure formed by hot rolling will remain, it will be difficult to obtain the primary recrystallized structure of a sized grain, and the development of a secondary recrystallized grain may be inhibited. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 1150 ° C., the grain size after the hot-rolled sheet annealing becomes too coarse, and it becomes difficult to obtain a primary recrystallized structure of sized particles.
- the temperature at which the holding treatment is performed during the heating is preferably in the temperature range of 250 to 600 ° C. in which the rolling structure recovers but does not lead to recrystallization.
- the holding time is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 seconds, more preferably 1 to 10 seconds, in which recovery occurs but recrystallization does not occur.
- the holding temperature does not necessarily have to be constant, and a variation of about ⁇ 15 ° C. is allowed as long as it does not deviate from the above temperature range.
- the method of coating a tension-imparting film via a binder and the method of obtaining an insulating film by depositing an inorganic material on the surface of a steel sheet by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, etc. are excellent in adhesion of the film and reduce iron loss. Since a film having a large effect can be obtained, it can be preferably applied.
- a test piece was collected from the product plate thus obtained, and the iron loss W 17/50 was measured by the method described in JIS C2550.
- the test piece was dipped in a 10 mass% HCl aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the forsterite film, and the particle size of secondary recrystallized grains was measured from the macro appearance of the base iron part.
- the grain size of the secondary recrystallized grains was taken as an average value of the major axis and the minor axis by taking a macro structure image into a personal computer and performing image processing to approximate the grain boundary to an ellipse. However, fine grains of 1 mm or less were ignored because they were not regarded as secondary recrystallization.
- the crystal orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains was measured by Laue method over a range of 1000 mm ⁇ 1000 mm of the steel plate at about 1089 points at intervals of 30 mm in the width direction and the longitudinal direction, and the obtained orientation and Goss orientation
- the azimuth difference angle was calculated, and the azimuth difference angle distribution map was obtained.
- the azimuth difference distribution map is drawn with a 0.5 ° pitch histogram to determine whether there are two or more peaks. If there are two or more peaks, the second peak is present. The azimuth difference angle was determined.
- a test piece was collected from the product plate thus obtained, and the iron loss W 17/50 was measured by the method described in JIS C2550.
- the secondary recrystallized grain size and the orientation difference angle between the crystal orientation and the Goss orientation are measured to obtain an orientation difference distribution map, and the second peak exists. Obtained the misorientation angle.
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Abstract
Description
C:0.055mass%、Si:3.25mass%、Mn:0.09mass%、Al:0.021mass%、N:0.0082mass%およびSe:0.015mass%を含有する鋼スラブを連続鋳造にて製造し、1410℃の温度に再加熱した後、熱間圧延して板厚2.2mmの熱延板とし、1000℃×60秒の熱延板焼鈍を施した後、冷間圧延して中間板厚1.8mmとし、1120℃×60秒の中間焼鈍を施した後、200℃の温度で温間圧延して最終板厚0.27mmの冷延板とした。
次いで、上記冷延板を、50vol%H2-50vol%N2、露点60℃の湿潤雰囲気下で、840℃×80秒の脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。その際、200℃から700℃までは、昇温速度を20℃/sと120℃/sの2条件とし、さらに、その昇温速度は一定のままで、加熱途中の450℃の温度で、図1に示したように、4秒間の保定処理を行う場合と行わない場合の2条件(合計4条件)で加熱した。ここで、上記昇温速度は、200℃から700℃までを、上記保定時間を除く時間(図1中の(t1+t3)の時間)で加熱したと見做したときの値である。なお、700℃から均熱温度までは10℃/sで加熱した。
上記一次再結晶焼鈍を施した鋼板は、その後、鋼板表面にMgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、二次再結晶焼鈍と、水素雰囲気下で1200℃の温度に7時間保持する純化焼鈍とからなる仕上焼鈍を施し、方向性電磁鋼板とした。
鉄損の大小は、二次再結晶粒内の磁区構造に大きく影響され、方向性電磁鋼板は、そのほとんどが180°磁区と呼ばれる圧延方向にほぼ平行な磁区で構成されている。従ってその磁区の幅が鉄損特性に大きく影響し、幅が狭いほど鉄損が低減できることになる。例えば、鋼板に機械的な線状溝を付与する磁区細分化処理法があるが、この方法は、溝を形成すると、溝断面の静磁エネルギーが増大するため、このエネルギーの増大を、磁区幅を狭くすることで解消しようとする特性を利用したものである。
一方、方位差角の分布に2つ以上のピークが存在する場合には、異なる方位差角のピークに属する粒同士が隣り合う場合があり、その場合には、隣り合った粒の方位差が大きくなることから、粒界の静磁エネルギーも高くなる。その結果、高い静磁エネルギーを低減しようとして磁区幅が狭くなると考えられ、これが、鉄損がさらに改善された原因であると推測される。
以上考察したように、急速加熱しかつ途中で保定処理した鋼板において、鉄損が大きく改善される理由は、方位差角の分布が2つのピークを有することと、結晶粒径が小さくなったことの相乗効果によるものと考えられる。本発明は、上記新規な知見に基くものである。
Si:2.0~5.0mass%
Siは、鋼の比抵抗を高め、鉄損を改善するために必要な元素である。しかし、Siが2.0mass%未満では上記鉄損低減効果が十分ではなく、一方、5.0mass%を超えると、鋼の加工性が低下し、変圧器等に用いる際の切断加工やスリット加工が難しくなる。よって、Siは2.0~5.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは3.0~3.7mass%の範囲である。
C:0.005mass%未満
Cは、磁気時効を起こし、磁気特性を劣化させる元素である。上記磁気時効を抑止するには、製品板中に含まれるCは0.005mass%未満に低減しておくことが好ましい。より好ましくは0.003mass%以下である。
Mnは、熱間加工性を改善するのに有効な元素であり、斯かる効果を得るためには、鋼素材中に0.005mass%以上含有させるのが好ましい。しかし、1.0mass%を超える添加は、磁束密度の低下を招くので、上限は1.0mass%とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.02~0.20mass%の範囲である。
まず、本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、二次再結晶粒の結晶方位とGoss方位との方位差角の分布が2つ以上の複数のピークを有することが必要である。ここで、上記方位差角の分布におけるピークとは、二次再結晶粒の結晶方位と、理想的なGoss方位との方位差角と、その方位差角を有する結晶粒の存在頻度(%)を、方位差角0.5°ピッチのヒストグラムで描画した方位差角分布図において認められるピークのことであり、方位差角の小さい方から第1ピーク、第2ピーク・・・と称することとする。なお、第2ピークは、第1ピークと第2ピークの間の最低頻度に対して、それ以上の頻度が2点以上連続して存在するときに有りと判定する。従って、プラトーな部分はピークと見做さない。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法として一般的な方法、すなわち、所定の成分組成を有する鋼を溶製し、鋼スラブとした後、熱間圧延し、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍し、冷間圧延し、一次再結晶焼鈍あるいは脱炭を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍し、仕上焼鈍した後、必要に応じて絶縁被膜を被成する方法で製造することができる。
次いで、上記冷延板に、50vol%H2-50vol%N2、露点55℃の湿潤雰囲気下で850℃×80秒の脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。この際、850℃までの加熱過程における200℃から700℃までの間は、表1に示したように、昇温速度を25~500℃/sの範囲で変化させ、さらに、その昇温速度を一定とした上で、加熱途中の500℃の温度で2秒間の保定を行う条件と保定を行わない条件で加熱した。また、700℃から均熱温度までは昇温速度10℃/sで加熱した。
次いで、上記一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面に、MgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、二次再結晶させ、さらに、H2雰囲気下で1200℃の温度に5時間保持して純化処理する仕上焼鈍を施して、方向性電磁鋼板の製品板とした。
また、上記試験片を80℃の10mass%HCl水溶液に2分間浸漬してフォルステライト被膜を除去し、地鉄部のマクロ外観から二次再結晶粒の粒径を測定した。なお、二次再結晶粒の粒径は、マクロ組織画像をパソコンに取り込み、画像処理して粒界を楕円近似し、長径と短径の平均値とした。ただし、1mm以下の微細粒は、二次再結晶とは見做さず無視した。
さらに、二次再結晶粒の結晶方位を、ラウエ法により、鋼板の1000mm×1000mmの範囲を、幅方向および長手方向に30mm間隔で約1089点に亘って測定し、得られた方位とGoss方位との方位差角を計算し、方位差角分布図を得た。なお、上記方位差角分布図は、0.5°ピッチのヒストグラムで描画し、ピークが2つ以上存在するか否かを判定し、2つ以上存在する場合は、2つ目のピークが存在する方位差角を求めた。
なお、製品板の成分組成を確認するため、上記被膜除去後の試験片の成分を分析したところ、いずれも、C:0.003mass%、Si:3.44mass%、Mn:0.12mass%、Cu:0.05mass%およびSb:0.03mass%で、AlとSeは検出限界以下(0.0010mass%以下)であった。
次いで、上記冷延板に、50vol%H2-50vol%N2、露点61℃の湿潤雰囲気下で850℃×80秒の脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。この際、850℃までの加熱過程における200℃から700℃までは、昇温速度を150℃/sとし、加熱途中の400℃の温度で1.5秒間の保定を行う条件で加熱した。また、700℃から均熱温度までは昇温速度10℃/sで加熱した。
次いで、上記一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面に、MgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、二次再結晶させ、さらに、H2雰囲気下で1200℃の温度に10時間保持して純化処理する仕上焼鈍を施して、方向性電磁鋼板の製品板とした。
また、実施例1と同じ手法で、二次再結晶粒の粒径と、結晶方位とGoss方位との方位差角を測定し、方位差角分布図を得、第2ピークが存在する場合には、その方位差角を求めた。
Claims (4)
- Si:2~5mass%を含有し、二次再結晶粒の結晶方位とGoss方位との方位差角の分布が複数のピークを有し、二次再結晶粒の粒径が15mm以下であることを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記複数のピークのうちの方位差角が小さい方から2番目のピークの方位差角が5°以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記Siの外に、C:0.005mass%未満およびMn:0.005~1.0mass%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記成分に加えてさらに、Ni:0.010~1.50mass%、Cr:0.01~0.50mass%、Cu:0.01~0.50mass%、P:0.005~0.50mass%、Sn:0.005~0.50mass%、Sb:0.005~0.50mass%、Bi:0.005~0.50mass%およびMo:0.005~0.100mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
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