WO2014083681A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014083681A1 WO2014083681A1 PCT/JP2012/081072 JP2012081072W WO2014083681A1 WO 2014083681 A1 WO2014083681 A1 WO 2014083681A1 JP 2012081072 W JP2012081072 W JP 2012081072W WO 2014083681 A1 WO2014083681 A1 WO 2014083681A1
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- heat medium
- heat
- refrigerant
- heat exchanger
- operation mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/48—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring prior to normal operation, e.g. pre-heating or pre-cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
- F24F11/76—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by means responsive to temperature, e.g. bimetal springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/54—Heating and cooling, simultaneously or alternatively
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/006—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for two pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02743—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using three four-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/029—Control issues
- F25B2313/0293—Control issues related to the indoor fan, e.g. controlling speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/01—Timing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/23—Time delays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner applied to, for example, a building multi air conditioner.
- a refrigerant is circulated between, for example, an outdoor unit that is a heat source device arranged outside a building and an indoor unit arranged inside a building.
- the refrigerant coolant thermally radiated or absorbed heat, and air-conditioning object space was cooled or heated with the air heated or cooled.
- an HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerant is often used.
- a natural refrigerant such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been proposed.
- an air conditioner called a chiller
- heat or heat is generated by a heat source device arranged outside the building.
- water, antifreeze liquid, etc. are heated and cooled by a heat exchanger arranged in the outdoor unit, and this is transferred to a fan coil unit, a panel heater, etc., which are indoor units, for cooling or heating (for example, patent documents) 1).
- a waste heat recovery type chiller which is connected to four water pipes between the heat source unit and the indoor unit, supplies cooled and heated water at the same time, and can freely select cooling or heating in the indoor unit (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).
- an air conditioner such as a multi air conditioner for buildings
- a refrigerant such as water is circulated from the outdoor unit to the repeater and a heat medium such as water is circulated from the repeater to the indoor unit.
- a heat medium such as water is circulated from the repeater to the indoor unit.
- an air conditioner that reduces the conveyance power of the heat medium while circulating (see, for example, Patent Document 5).
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-140444 page 4, FIG. 1, etc.
- JP-A-5-280818 (4th, 5th page, FIG. 1 etc.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-289465 pages 5 to 8, FIG. 1, FIG. 2, etc.
- JP 2003-343936 A (Page 5, FIG. 1)
- WO 10/049998 (3rd page, FIG. 1 etc.)
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and provides an air conditioner that shortens the waiting time at the start of the cooling operation and the start of the heating operation without impairing the comfort of the user. It is intended to provide.
- An air conditioner according to the present invention is a refrigerant in which a refrigerant, a heat source side heat exchanger, a plurality of expansion devices, and a refrigerant side flow path of a plurality of heat exchangers between heat media are connected by a refrigerant pipe to circulate the heat source side refrigerant.
- Circulation circuit heat medium circulation circuit for circulating the heat medium by connecting the heat medium side flow paths of the pump, the plurality of heat exchangers on the use side, the heat exchangers between the heat exchangers with the heat medium transport pipe, and each use
- An air conditioner for exchanging heat between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium, the heat cooled by the heat exchanger related to heat medium
- the cooling operation mode in which at least one of the plurality of usage-side heat exchangers performs the cooling operation by the medium and the heat medium heated by the heat exchanger between the heating media.
- a heating operation mode in which at least one of the units performs the heating operation, a compressor,
- the cooling operation mode is started from the stop operation mode
- the fan of the indoor unit for which the start command is issued is operated.
- the blower of the indoor unit for which the start command has been issued is operated after the temperature of the heat medium becomes equal to or higher than a preset temperature.
- the air conditioner according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, so that it is possible to reduce the waiting time at the start of the cooling operation and at the start of the heating operation while maintaining the comfort of the user. .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation example of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the installation example of an air conditioning apparatus is demonstrated.
- This air conditioner uses a refrigeration cycle (refrigerant circulation circuit A, heat medium circulation circuit B) that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant, heat medium) so that each indoor unit can be in the cooling mode or the heating mode as an operation mode. You can choose freely.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an entire air conditioner connecting a plurality of indoor units 3.
- the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the air-conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor unit (heat source unit) 1, a plurality of indoor units 3, and one relay interposed between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 3. And a unit 2.
- the relay unit 2 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 4 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant.
- the relay unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 are connected by a pipe (heat medium transport pipe) 5 that conducts the heat medium.
- the cold or warm heat generated by the outdoor unit 1 is delivered to the indoor unit 3 via the relay unit 2.
- the outdoor unit 1 is usually disposed in an outdoor space 6 that is a space (for example, a rooftop) outside a building 9 such as a building, and supplies cold or hot energy to the indoor unit 3 via the relay unit 2. .
- the indoor unit 3 is disposed at a position where cooling air or heating air can be supplied to the indoor space 7 that is a space (for example, a living room) inside the building 9, and the cooling air is supplied to the indoor space 7 that is the air-conditioning target space. Alternatively, heating air is supplied.
- the relay unit 2 is configured as a separate housing from the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 3 so as to be installed at a position different from the outdoor space 6 and the indoor space 7.
- the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5 are respectively connected to transmit cold heat or hot heat supplied from the outdoor unit 1 to the indoor unit 3.
- the heat source side refrigerant is conveyed from the outdoor unit 1 to the relay unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the transported heat source side refrigerant exchanges heat with the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium in the relay unit 2 (heat exchanger 25 described later), and heats or cools the heat medium. That is, hot water or cold water is produced by the heat exchanger between heat media.
- the hot water or cold water produced by the relay unit 2 is transported to the indoor unit 3 through the pipe 5 by a heat medium transport device (a pump 31 described later), and the indoor unit 3 performs heating operation (warm water).
- the operation state may be as long as it is necessary) or a cooling operation (as long as the operation state requires cold water).
- heat source side refrigerant examples include single refrigerants such as R-22 and R-134a, pseudo-azeotropic mixed refrigerants such as R-410A and R-404A, non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants such as R-407C, A refrigerant having a relatively low global warming coefficient, such as CF 3 CF ⁇ CH 2 , a mixture thereof, or a natural refrigerant such as CO 2 or propane can be used.
- heat medium for example, water, antifreeze, a mixture of water and antifreeze, a mixture of water and an additive having a high anticorrosive effect, or the like can be used.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 use two refrigerant pipes 4, and the relay unit 2 and each indoor unit 3 have two. These pipes 5 are connected to each other.
- each unit outdoor unit 1, indoor unit 3, and relay unit 2 using two pipes (refrigerant pipe 4, pipe 5). Construction is easy.
- the relay unit 2 is installed in a space such as the back of the ceiling (hereinafter simply referred to as a space 8) that is inside the building 9 but is different from the indoor space 7.
- a space 8 such as the back of the ceiling (hereinafter simply referred to as a space 8) that is inside the building 9 but is different from the indoor space 7.
- the relay unit 2 may be installed anywhere as long as it is outside the ceiling or other than the living space and has some ventilation with the outside. It can also be installed in a space that is ventilated. Further, the relay unit 2 can be installed in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 1. However, it should be noted that if the distance from the relay unit 2 to the indoor unit 3 is too long, the transfer power of the heat medium becomes considerably large, so that the effect of energy saving is reduced.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the outdoor unit 1 is installed in the outdoor space 6, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the outdoor unit 1 may be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening. If the waste heat can be exhausted outside the building 9 by an exhaust duct, the outdoor unit 1 may be installed inside the building 9. It may be installed, or may be installed inside the building 9 when the water-cooled outdoor unit 1 is used. Even if the outdoor unit 1 is installed in such a place, no particular problem occurs.
- the indoor unit 3 is a ceiling cassette type
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the indoor unit 3 is directly or directly connected to the indoor space 7 such as a ceiling embedded type or a ceiling suspended type.
- the air for heating or the air for cooling can be blown out, any kind may be used.
- the number of connected outdoor units 1, indoor units 3, and relay units 2 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 1, but according to the building 9 in which the air conditioner according to the present embodiment is installed. What is necessary is just to determine the number.
- the plurality of relay units 2 When connecting a plurality of relay units 2 to one outdoor unit, the plurality of relay units 2 can be installed in a common space in a building such as a building or in a space such as the back of a ceiling. By doing so, an air-conditioning load can be covered with the heat exchanger between heat media in each relay unit 2.
- the indoor unit 3 can be installed at a distance or height within the allowable transfer range of the heat medium transfer device in each relay unit 2, and can be arranged on the entire building such as a building. .
- FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of the air conditioning apparatus according to the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the air conditioning apparatus 100).
- the structure of the air conditioning apparatus 100 ie, the effect
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 include a heat exchanger related to heat medium (refrigerant-water heat exchanger) 25 a and a heat exchanger related to heat medium (refrigerant—) provided in the relay unit 2.
- the refrigerant pipe 4 is connected via a water heat exchanger 25b.
- the relay unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 are connected by the piping 5 through the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5 will be described in detail later.
- Outdoor unit 1 In the outdoor unit 1, a compressor 10, a first refrigerant flow switching device 11 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, and an accumulator 19 are connected and connected in series through a refrigerant pipe 4. Yes.
- the outdoor unit 1 is also provided with a refrigerant connection pipe 4a, a refrigerant connection pipe 4b, a check valve 13a, a check valve 13b, a check valve 13c, and a check valve 13d.
- relay connection pipe 4a, refrigerant connection pipe 4b, check valve 13a, check valve 13b, check valve 13c, and check valve 13d are provided.
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the unit 2 can be in a certain direction.
- the compressor 10 sucks the heat source side refrigerant, compresses the heat source side refrigerant, and transfers it to the refrigerant circulation circuit A in a high temperature / high pressure state. Good.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 has a flow of the heat source side refrigerant during heating operation (in the heating only operation mode and heating main operation mode) and a cooling operation (in the cooling only operation mode and cooling main operation mode). The flow of the heat source side refrigerant is switched.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a condenser (or radiator) during cooling operation, and fluid such as air and a heat source side refrigerant supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown). Heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant and the heat source side refrigerant to evaporate gas or condensate liquid.
- the accumulator 19 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 and stores excess refrigerant due to a difference between the heating operation and the cooling operation, or excess refrigerant with respect to a transient change in operation.
- the check valve 13c is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the relay unit 2 and the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, and the heat source side refrigerant is only in a predetermined direction (direction from the relay unit 2 to the outdoor unit 1). It allows flow.
- the check valve 13a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the relay unit 2, and flows the heat source side refrigerant only in a predetermined direction (direction from the outdoor unit 1 to the relay unit 2). It is acceptable.
- the check valve 13d is provided in the refrigerant connection pipe 4a and causes the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to flow through the relay unit 2 during the heating operation.
- the check valve 13b is provided in the refrigerant connection pipe 4b, and causes the heat source side refrigerant returned from the relay unit 2 during the heating operation to flow to the suction side of the compressor 10.
- the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a includes a refrigerant pipe 4 between the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the check valve 13 c, and a refrigerant pipe 4 between the check valve 13 a and the relay unit 2.
- the refrigerant connection pipe 4b includes a refrigerant pipe 4 between the check valve 13c and the relay unit 2, a refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the check valve 13a, Are connected.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the refrigerant connection pipe 4a, the refrigerant connection pipe 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d are provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and these are not necessarily provided.
- Each indoor unit 3 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 35.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 is connected to the heat medium flow control device 34 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 of the relay unit 2 by the pipe 5.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 exchanges heat between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and a heat medium, and generates heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the indoor space 7. To do.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which four indoor units 3 are connected to the relay unit 2, which are illustrated as an indoor unit 3 a, an indoor unit 3 b, an indoor unit 3 c, and an indoor unit 3 d from the upper side of the drawing.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 also has a use side heat exchanger 35a, a use side heat exchanger 35b, a use side heat exchanger 35c, and a use side heat exchanger from the upper side of the drawing. It is illustrated as 35d.
- the number of indoor units 3 connected is not limited to the four shown in FIG.
- the relay unit 2 includes at least two or more heat exchangers for heat medium 25, two expansion devices 26, two opening / closing devices (opening / closing device 27, opening / closing device 29), and two second refrigerant flow switching.
- Device 28 two pumps 31, four first heat medium flow switching devices 32, four second heat medium flow switching devices 33, and four heat medium flow control devices 34 are mounted. Yes.
- the two heat exchangers for heat medium 25 are provided with a condenser (when the heat is supplied to the indoor unit 3 in the heating operation).
- a condenser when the heat is supplied to the indoor unit 3 in the heating operation.
- the indoor unit 3 When supplying cold heat to the indoor unit 3 that is in the cooling operation as a radiator, it functions as an evaporator, performs heat exchange between the heat-source-side refrigerant and the heat medium, and is generated by the outdoor unit 1
- the cold heat or warm heat stored in the side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a is provided between the expansion device 26a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a in the refrigerant circuit A, and serves to cool the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is provided between the expansion device 26b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b in the refrigerant circulation circuit A, and serves to heat the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode. Is.
- the two expansion devices 26 have functions as pressure reducing valves and expansion valves, and expand the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the expansion device 26a is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the expansion device 26b is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the two expansion devices 26 may be constituted by devices whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, electronic expansion valves.
- the two opening / closing devices are configured by electromagnetic valves or the like that can be opened and closed by energization, and open / close the refrigerant pipe 4. That is, the opening and closing of the two opening / closing devices is controlled according to the operation mode, and the flow path of the heat source side refrigerant is switched.
- the opening / closing device 27 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 on the inlet side of the heat-source-side refrigerant (the refrigerant pipe 4 located at the lowest level in the drawing among the refrigerant pipes 4 connecting the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2).
- the opening / closing device 29 is provided in a pipe (bypass pipe 20) connecting the refrigerant pipe 4 on the inlet side of the heat source side refrigerant and the refrigerant pipe 4 on the outlet side.
- the opening / closing device 27 and the opening / closing device 29 may be any devices that can switch the refrigerant flow path.
- an electronic expansion valve or the like that can variably control the opening degree may be used.
- the two second refrigerant flow switching devices 28 are constituted by, for example, a four-way valve or the like, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium according to the operation mode.
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant is switched so that 25 acts as a condenser or an evaporator.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- the two pumps 31 (pump 31a and pump 31b) circulate the heat medium that conducts the pipe 5 to the heat medium circuit B.
- the pump 31 a is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 a and the second heat medium flow switching device 33.
- the pump 31 b is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 b and the second heat medium flow switching device 33.
- the two pumps 31 may be configured by, for example, capacity-controllable pumps, and the flow rate thereof may be adjusted according to the load in the indoor unit 3.
- the four first heat medium flow switching devices 32 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and heat the flow of the heat medium. Switching between the heat exchanger for medium 25a and the heat exchanger 25b for heat medium is performed.
- the number of first heat medium flow switching devices 32 is set according to the number of indoor units 3 installed (here, four). In the first heat medium flow switching device 32, one of the three sides is in the heat exchanger 25a, one of the three is in the heat exchanger 25b, and one of the three is in the heat medium flow rate. Each is connected to the adjustment device 34 and provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the switching of the heat medium flow path includes not only complete switching from one to the other but also partial switching from one to the other.
- the four second heat medium flow switching devices 33 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and heat the flow of the heat medium. Switching between the heat exchanger for medium 25a and the heat exchanger 25b for heat medium is performed.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 33 is provided in a number (four in this case) corresponding to the number of indoor units 3 installed.
- one of the three heat transfer medium heat exchangers 25a, one of the three heat transfer medium heat exchangers 25b, and one of the three heat transfer side heats. Each is connected to the exchanger 35 and provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 33a, the second heat medium flow switching device 33b, the second heat medium flow switching device 33c, and the second heat medium flow switching are performed from the upper side of the drawing. Illustrated as device 33d.
- the switching of the heat medium flow path includes not only complete switching from one to the other but also partial switching from one to the other.
- the four heat medium flow control devices 34 are configured by two-way valves or the like that can control the opening area, and control the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the pipe 5. To do.
- the number of the heat medium flow control devices 34 is set according to the number of indoor units 3 installed (four in this case).
- One of the heat medium flow control devices 34 is connected to the use side heat exchanger 35 and the other is connected to the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and is connected to the outlet side of the heat medium flow channel of the use side heat exchanger 35. Is provided.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 adjusts the amount of the heat medium flowing into the indoor unit 3 according to the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the indoor unit 3 and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out, so that the optimum heat according to the indoor load is adjusted.
- the medium amount can be provided to the indoor unit 3.
- the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34a, the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34b, the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34c, and the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34d are illustrated from the upper side of the drawing.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35 and between the second heat medium flow switching device 33 and the use side heat exchanger 35. Good.
- the indoor unit 3 does not require a load such as stop or thermo OFF, the heat medium supply to the indoor unit 3 can be stopped by fully closing the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be omitted. Is possible.
- the relay unit 2 is provided with a temperature sensor 40 (temperature sensor 40a, temperature sensor 40b) for detecting the temperature of the heat medium on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 25 between heat mediums.
- Information (temperature information) detected by the temperature sensor 40 is sent to a control device 50 that performs overall control of the operation of the air conditioner 100, and the driving frequency of the compressor 10, the rotational speed of the blower (not shown), the first refrigerant flow It is used for control such as switching of the path switching device 11, driving frequency of the pump 31, switching of the second refrigerant flow switching device 28, switching of the flow path of the heat medium, adjustment of the heat medium flow rate of the indoor unit 3, etc. Become.
- control apparatus 50 has shown the state provided in the exterior of the outdoor unit 1, the relay unit 2, and the indoor unit 3 as an example, it is not limited to this, The outdoor unit 1, the relay unit 2 Or you may make it mount in the indoor unit 3 or each unit so that communication is possible.
- the control device 50 is constituted by a microcomputer or the like, and based on detection information from various detection means and instructions from a remote controller, the driving frequency of the compressor 10, the rotational speed of the blower (including ON / OFF), the first 1 switching of the refrigerant flow switching device 11, driving of the pump 31, opening of the expansion device 26, opening and closing of the switching device, switching of the second refrigerant flow switching device 28, switching of the first heat medium flow switching device 32, Each actuator (pump 31, first heat medium flow switching device 32, second heat medium flow switching device 33, switching of the second heat medium flow switching device 33, driving of the heat medium flow control device 34, etc.)
- the drive parts such as the expansion device 26 and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28 are controlled to execute each operation mode described later and switch the heat medium flow path to the heat medium heat storage tank.
- the pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium is composed of one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the pipe 5 is branched (here, four branches each) according to the number of indoor units 3 connected to the relay unit 2.
- the pipe 5 is connected by a first heat medium flow switching device 32 and a second heat medium flow switching device 33. By controlling the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33, the heat medium from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 35, or the heat medium Whether the heat medium from the intermediate heat exchanger 25b flows into the use side heat exchanger 35 is determined.
- the compressor 10 In the air conditioner 100, the compressor 10, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the switching device 27, the switching device 29, the second refrigerant flow switching device 28, and heat exchange between heat media.
- the refrigerant flow path, the expansion device 26 and the accumulator 19 of the container 25 are connected by the refrigerant pipe 4 to constitute the refrigerant circulation circuit A.
- the switching device 33 is connected by the pipe 5 to constitute the heat medium circulation circuit B. That is, a plurality of use side heat exchangers 35 are connected in parallel to each of the heat exchangers 25 between heat mediums, and the heat medium circulation circuit B has a plurality of systems.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 are connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b provided in the relay unit 2, and the relay unit 2 is connected.
- the indoor unit 3 are also connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b. That is, in the air conditioner 100, the heat source side refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit A and the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B exchange heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 25a and the intermediate heat exchanger 25b. It is like that.
- the air conditioner 100 can realize an optimal cooling operation or heating operation according to the indoor load.
- the air conditioner 100 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 3 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 3. That is, the air conditioning apparatus 100 can perform the same operation for all the indoor units 3 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 3.
- the operation mode executed by the air conditioner 100 includes a cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 3 execute a cooling operation, and a heating only operation in which all the driven indoor units 3 execute a heating operation.
- a stop operation mode in which the operation of all the devices of the outdoor unit 1, the relay unit 2, and the indoor unit 3 is stopped and the cooling operation mode and the heating operation mode are not performed.
- the operation mode of the indoor unit from the stop operation mode is changed to the cooling operation mode or the heating operation mode
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium will also be described for the operation at the time of transition when switching from one of the cooling only operation mode and the heating only operation mode to the other operation mode.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating only operation mode.
- the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a heating load is generated in all of the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the piping represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which the heat source side refrigerant
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is used as a relay unit without passing the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 through the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- Switch to 2 In the relay unit 2, the pump 31a and the pump 31b are driven, the heat medium flow control devices 34a to 34d are opened, and the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b are used respectively.
- the heat medium circulates between the side heat exchanger 35a and the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b are switched to the heating side, the opening / closing device 27 is closed, and the opening / closing device 29 is open.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, conducts through the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a, passes through the check valve 13 d, and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the relay unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 2 is branched and passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and heat between the heat media. It flows into each of the exchangers 25b.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. .
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is expanded by the expansion device 26a and the expansion device 26b to become a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- These two-phase refrigerants merge, flow out of the relay unit 2 through the opening / closing device 29, and flow into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is conducted through the refrigerant connection pipe 4b, passes through the check valve 13b, and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that functions as an evaporator.
- the heat-source-side refrigerant that has flowed into the heat-source-side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from the air in the outdoor space 6 (hereinafter referred to as “outside air”) by the heat-source-side heat exchanger 12, and becomes a low-temperature / low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
- the expansion device 26 has a value obtained by converting the pressure of the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 and the expansion device 26 into a saturation temperature, and the temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25.
- the degree of opening is controlled so that the subcool (degree of supercooling) obtained as a difference from the above becomes constant.
- the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchangers between heat exchangers 25a and 25b, and the heated heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 31a and the pump 31b.
- the inside will be allowed to flow.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 31a and the pump 31b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 33a to the second heat medium flow switching device 33d, and the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchange.
- the indoor space 7 is heated by the heat medium radiating heat to the indoor air by the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the heat medium flows out from the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d and flows into the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d.
- the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required indoors, so that the use-side heat exchanger 35a. It flows into the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 32a to the first heat medium flow switching device 32d, and then the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a.
- the heat quantity flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b and supplied to the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 3 is received from the refrigerant side and sucked into the pump 31a and the pump 31b again.
- the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 33 to the first heat medium flow switching device 32 via the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35. This can be covered by controlling the difference to keep it at the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 either the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature sensor 40b may be used, or an average temperature of these may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 seem to secure a flow path that flows to both the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b.
- the opening degree is controlled to an intermediate opening degree or an opening degree corresponding to the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the usage-side heat exchanger 35 should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger 35 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b. The number of temperature sensors can be reduced by using the temperature sensor 40b, and the system can be configured at low cost.
- the heating only operation mode When the heating only operation mode is executed, it is not necessary to flow the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 35 (including the thermo-off) without the heat load, so the flow path is closed by the heat medium flow control device 34 and the use side The heat medium is prevented from flowing to the heat exchanger 35.
- the heat medium flows because all of the use side heat exchangers 35a to 35d have a heat load.
- the corresponding heat medium flow control device 34 is used. Should be fully closed. Then, when a heat load is generated again, the corresponding heat medium flow control device 34 is opened, and the heat medium is circulated. The same applies to other operation modes described below.
- FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated in all of the use side heat exchangers 35a to 35d.
- the piping represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which the heat source side refrigerant
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- the pump 31a and the pump 31b are driven, the heat medium flow control devices 34a to 34d are opened, and the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b are used respectively.
- the heat medium circulates between the side heat exchanger 35a and the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b are switched to the cooling side, the opening / closing device 27 is opened, and the opening / closing device 29 is closed.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and performs heat exchange with the outside air, and the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid or two
- the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a is conducted and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid or two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the relay unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature / high-pressure liquid or two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 2 passes through the opening / closing device 27 and is branched and expanded by the expansion device 26a and the expansion device 26b to become a low-temperature / low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. .
- These two-phase refrigerants evaporate while absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and become low-temperature gas refrigerants.
- the pipe 4 is conducted, passes through the check valve 13c, is disengaged through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19, and is sucked into the compressor 10 again.
- the expansion device 26 calculates a value obtained by converting the pressure of the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing between the heat exchanger 25 between the heat medium 25 and the expansion device 26 into a saturation temperature and the temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 25 between the heat media.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the superheat (superheat degree) obtained as the difference becomes constant.
- the saturation temperature obtained by converting the temperature at the intermediate position may be used instead. In this case, it is not necessary to install a pressure sensor, and the system can be configured at low cost.
- the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both of the heat exchangers 25a and 25b, and the cooled heat medium is pressurized by the pump 31a and the pump 31b. And flows into the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d via the second heat medium flow switching device 33a to the second heat medium flow switching device 33d.
- the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d, thereby cooling the indoor space 7.
- the heat medium flows out from the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d and flows into the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d.
- the use side heat exchanger 35a is controlled by the operation of the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d so that the flow rate of the heat medium is controlled to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the other room. It flows into the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 32a to the first heat medium flow switching device 32d, and then the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a. And it flows in into the heat exchanger 25b between heat media, passes the amount of heat which it absorbed from the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 3 to the refrigerant
- the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 33 to the first heat medium flow switching device 32 via the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35. This can be covered by controlling the difference to keep it at the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 either the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature sensor 40b may be used, or an average temperature of these may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 seem to secure a flow path that flows to both the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b.
- the opening degree is controlled to an intermediate opening degree or an opening degree corresponding to the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the usage-side heat exchanger 35 should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger 35 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b. The number of temperature sensors can be reduced by using the temperature sensor 40b, and the system can be configured at low cost.
- FIG. 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode.
- FIG. 5 among the cooling and heating mixed operation in which the thermal load is generated in any one of the use side heat exchangers 35 and the cooling load is generated in the rest of the use side heat exchangers 35.
- the heating main operation mode will be described.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchangers 35a and 35b and a heating load is generated in the use side heat exchangers 35c and 35d.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchangers 35a and 35b and a heating load is generated in the use side heat exchangers 35c and 35d.
- tube represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which the heat source side refrigerant
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is connected to the relay unit without passing the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 through the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- Switch to 2 In the relay unit 2, the pump 31a and the pump 31b are driven to open the heat medium flow rate adjusting device 34a to the heat medium flow rate adjusting device 34d, and the heat exchange between the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the use side heat exchange in which the heat load is generated.
- the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger 35 and the heat exchanger 35b between the heat medium and the use side heat exchanger 35 where the heat load is generated.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a is switched to the cooling side, the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b is switched to the heating side, the expansion device 26a is fully opened, the opening / closing device 27 is closed, and the opening / closing device 29 is closed. ing.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, conducts through the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a, passes through the check valve 13 d, and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the relay unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 2 flows through the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b that acts as a condenser.
- the gas refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes liquid refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is expanded by the expansion device 26b and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 26a.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a evaporates by absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, thereby cooling the heat medium.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a, flows out of the relay unit 2 through the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a, and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant
- the low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that acts as an evaporator through the check valve 13b.
- coolant which flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from external air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and turns into a low temperature and low pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 26b is controlled so that the subcooling (supercooling degree) of the outlet refrigerant of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b becomes a target value. Note that the expansion device 26b may be fully opened, and the subcool may be controlled by the expansion device 26a.
- the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 31b.
- the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 31a.
- the cooled heat medium that has been pressurized and flowed out by the pump 31a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 35 where the cold load is generated via the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and is pressurized by the pump 31b.
- the heat medium that has flowed out then flows through the second heat medium flow switching device 33 into the use side heat exchanger 35 where the heat load is generated.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 33 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b and the pump 31b are connected when the connected indoor unit 3 is in the heating operation mode.
- the indoor unit 3 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the pump 31a are connected. That is, the second heat medium flow switching device 33 can switch the heat medium supplied to the indoor unit 3 between heating and cooling.
- the cooling operation of the indoor space 7 by the heat medium absorbing heat from the room air or the heating operation of the indoor space 7 by the heat medium radiating heat to the room air is performed.
- the flow rate of the heat medium is controlled to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required indoors by the action of the heat medium flow control device 34 and flows into the use side heat exchanger 35. Yes.
- the heat medium that has been used for cooling operation and that has passed through the use-side heat exchanger 35 and has slightly increased in temperature passes through the heat medium flow control device 34 and the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and then the heat exchanger between heat media. It flows into 25a and is sucked into the pump 31a again.
- the heat medium that has been used for heating operation and has passed through the use-side heat exchanger 35 and has slightly decreased in temperature passes through the heat medium flow control device 34 and the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and then the heat exchanger between heat media. It flows into 25b and is sucked into the pump 31a again.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b and the pump 31b are connected when the connected indoor unit 3 is in the heating operation mode,
- the indoor unit 3 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the pump 31a are connected.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 35.
- the heat medium used in the heating operation mode receives heat from the refrigerant as a heating application
- the heat medium used in the cooling operation mode receives heat from the heat medium heat exchanger 25b.
- the heat exchangers 25a, 25a, 25a, 25a, 25c, 25c, 25c, 25c, and 25b are exchanged with the refrigerant, and then are transferred to the pump 31a and the pump 31b.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 via the heat medium flow control device 34 from the second heat medium flow switching device 33 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
- the heat medium is flowing in the direction to
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b on the heating side and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35 on the cooling side. This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35 and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40a as a target value.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 in FIG. 5 in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode, a cooling load is generated in one of the use side heat exchangers 35, and the remaining heat of the use side heat exchanger 35 is a heating load.
- the heat source side refrigerant flow in the refrigerant circuit A and the heat medium flow in the heat medium circuit B are the same as in the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram when any of the indoor units 3 shifts from the stop operation mode to the cooling operation.
- 6A is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the relay unit 2 and the indoor unit 3
- FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram of the flow of the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium and the operation of the blower of the indoor unit 3.
- the cooling start mode performed when shifting from the stop operation mode to the cooling operation will be described.
- FIG. 6B shows a simplified refrigerant circulation circuit A and heat medium circulation circuit B according to the system configuration diagram shown in FIG. That is, although it is illustrated that there is one indoor unit 3 that performs the cooling operation and one usage-side heat exchanger 35 is connected to one relay unit 2, the present invention is not limited to this. Is not to be done.
- the flow path is switched by the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 so that a plurality of use side heat exchangers 35 are connected to one relay unit 2.
- the stop operation mode In order to perform the cooling operation from the stop operation mode, it is installed in the relay unit 2 such as the pump 31, the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the operation mode for controlling the actuator and the like is defined as a cooling start mode.
- the cooling start mode is also included in the cooling operation.
- the start timing of the cooling start mode is a transition from the stop operation mode to the cooling start mode, and the end timing of the cooling start mode is the pump 31, the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and the second heat medium flow switching. This is when the operations of the device 33 and the heat medium flow control device 34 are completed.
- control device 50 shifts to the cooling start operation mode and drives the compressor 10 and the pump 31. Further, the control device 50 controls the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium so that the heat medium is conveyed to the use side heat exchanger 35 corresponding to the indoor unit 3 that starts the cooling operation. In addition to controlling the flow path switching device 33 to switch the flow path, the heat medium flow control device 34 is opened, and the heat medium circulates between the use side heat exchanger 35 and the heat exchanger 25 between heat mediums. (Refer to operation (1) in FIG. 6).
- the heat source side refrigerant is immediately flown from the outdoor unit 1 side to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 in the relay unit 2 to enable stable heat source side refrigerant circulation.
- the cooling start mode is entered, the driving of the pump 31, the flow switching of the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow rate are performed.
- the adjustment device 34 open immediately, stable heat medium circulation is possible.
- the air conditioner 100 achieves stable heat source side refrigerant circulation and stable heat medium circulation, so that heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium in the inter-heat medium heat exchanger 25 is highly efficient. Done.
- control device 50 controls the indoor unit 3 so that the indoor unit 3 that has been instructed to start the cooling operation immediately starts the operation of the blower of the use side heat exchanger 35 corresponding to the indoor unit 3. (Refer to operation (2) in FIG. 6). Note that the control device 50 operates at a preset air volume immediately after the start of the operation of the blower.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 perform switching by pulse adjustment or opening adjustment so as to be in a stepping motor, for example. If it is, the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 may be controlled as follows. That is, the control device 50 may operate the switching of the flow paths of the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 and the opening of the heat medium flow control device 34 simultaneously. Thereby, the flow path of the heat medium circuit B can be secured and the heat medium can be reliably circulated.
- control device 50 may perform switching between the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 and opening the heat medium flow control device 34 before operating the pump 31.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 are configured by a stepping motor or the like, the pump 31 and the first heat medium flow
- the operation of the path switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 can be provided with a time difference, ensuring the flow path of the heat medium circulation circuit B and reliably circulating the heat medium. It is because it can be made.
- the heat-source-side refrigerant is not transported to the indoor unit 3 and is located in the relay unit 2 and the outdoor unit 1 as seen in conventional multi-air conditioners for buildings. Therefore, immediately after the start of the cooling start mode, the transient heat source side refrigerant shortage in the refrigerant circulation circuit A is suppressed, the operation operation of the refrigerant circulation circuit A can be stabilized, and the transition to the cooling operation smoothly is performed. be able to.
- the control device 50 starts the blower (not shown) of the use side heat exchanger 35 corresponding to the indoor unit 3 that performs the cooling operation immediately after the transition from the stop operation mode to the cooling start mode. ing.
- the temperature of the air supplied to the user is about the ambient temperature of the use-side heat exchanger 35, the air is blown to the user so that the heat of vaporization can be taken away from the user, and a feeling of warm air is felt. There is nothing. In other words, immediately after the transition from the stop operation mode to the cooling start mode, even if the blower (not shown) is started and air is supplied to the indoor space, the user does not feel the warm air and the user's comfort Can be improved.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram when any of the indoor units 3 shifts from the stop operation mode to the heating operation.
- FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the relay unit 2 and the indoor unit 3
- FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram of the flow of the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium and the operation of the blower of the indoor unit 3. .
- the heating start mode performed when shifting from the stop operation mode to the heating operation will be described.
- FIG. 7 (b) the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant
- coolant is shown with the solid line arrow
- the flow direction of the heat medium is shown with the broken line arrow.
- FIG. 7B the refrigerant circuit A and the heat medium circuit B are simplified according to the system configuration diagram shown in FIG. In other words, although it is illustrated that there is one indoor unit 3 that performs the heating operation and one usage-side heat exchanger 35 is connected to one relay unit 2, the present invention is not limited thereto. Is not to be done.
- the flow path is switched by the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 so that a plurality of use side heat exchangers 35 are connected to one relay unit 2. There may be a plurality of indoor units 3 that perform the heating operation.
- the relay unit 2 such as the pump 31, the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the operation mode for controlling the mounted actuator and the like is defined as the heating start mode.
- the heating activation mode is also included in the heating operation.
- the start timing of the heating start mode is when the stop operation mode is shifted to the heating start mode, and the end timing of the heating start mode is the pump 31, the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and the second heat medium flow switching. This is when the operations of the device 33 and the heat medium flow control device 34 are completed.
- control device 50 shifts to the heating start operation mode and drives the compressor 10 and the pump 31.
- control device 50 includes the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium so that the heat medium is conveyed to the use side heat exchanger 35 corresponding to the indoor unit 3 that starts the heating operation.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 is opened, and the heat medium circulates between the use side heat exchanger 35 and the heat exchanger 25 between heat mediums. (Refer to operation (1) in FIG. 7).
- the heat source side refrigerant is immediately allowed to flow from the heat source side outdoor unit 1 side to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 in the relay unit 2 to enable stable heat source side refrigerant circulation. It is said. Also in the heat medium circulation circuit B, when the mode is switched to the heating start mode, the pump 31 is driven, the flow paths of the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 are switched, and the heat medium flow rate. By making the adjustment device 34 open immediately, stable heat medium circulation is possible. As a result, the air conditioner 100 achieves stable heat source side refrigerant circulation and stable heat medium circulation, so that heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium in the inter-heat medium heat exchanger 25 is highly efficient. Done.
- control device 50 does not immediately operate the blower of the indoor unit 3 that has been instructed to start the heating operation, but stops it for a preset time. And when this preset time passes, the control apparatus 50 will start the operation of the blower, but the air volume of the blower is set to an air volume (light wind) smaller than the air volume preset in the heating operation. .
- the control device 50 performs the heating operation. To increase the air volume of the blower. However, the air volume of the blower is an air volume (weak wind) smaller than the air volume preset in the heating operation.
- the control device 50 When the temperature of the heat medium reaches a preset temperature based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 40, the control device 50 further increases the air volume and operates the blower with the air volume that is preset in the heating operation. (See operation (2) in FIG. 7).
- the preset temperature may be set to, for example, the indoor temperature at which the indoor unit 3 is provided.
- the preset temperature may be larger than the room temperature.
- the air volume when shifting from the stop operation mode to the heating operation, the air volume is increased stepwise so that the air volume is set in advance after passing the light wind and the weak wind. is not.
- the blower of the indoor unit 3 that has been instructed to start the heating operation may be operated after the temperature of the heat medium reaches a preset temperature without passing through the light wind and the weak wind.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 perform switching by pulse adjustment or opening adjustment so as to be in a stepping motor, for example. If it is, the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 may be controlled as follows. That is, the control device 50 may operate the switching of the flow paths of the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 and the opening of the heat medium flow control device 34 simultaneously. This is because the flow path of the heat medium circuit B is ensured and the heat medium is reliably circulated.
- control device 50 may perform switching between the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 and opening the heat medium flow control device 34 before operating the pump 31.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 are configured by a stepping motor or the like, the pump 31 and the first heat medium flow
- the operation of the path switching device 32, the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the heat medium flow control device 34 can be provided with a time difference, ensuring the flow path of the heat medium circulation circuit B and reliably circulating the heat medium. Because it is monkey.
- the heat source side refrigerant is not transported to the indoor unit 3 as seen in a conventional multi air conditioner for buildings, and is located in the relay unit 2 and the heat source side outdoor unit 1. Yes. Therefore, immediately after the start of the heating start mode, the transient heat source side refrigerant shortage in the refrigerant circulation circuit A is suppressed, the operation operation of the refrigerant circulation circuit A can be stabilized, and the heating operation can be smoothly shifted to. .
- the heat medium transferred to the use side heat exchanger 35 does not exchange heat with the heat source side refrigerant, and the ambient temperature at which the use side heat exchanger 35 is installed. The temperature is close to. For this reason, if the fan for the indoor unit 3 is activated immediately after the transition to the heating activation mode, the comfort of the user is impaired. In other words, when the heating operation is performed, for example, in winter, the indoor air temperature is often low enough to make the user feel uncomfortable, so if the user switches to the heating activation mode and immediately operates the blower, The feeling of cold wind is given to the user and the comfort of the user is impaired.
- the control device 50 stops the blower (not shown) of the use side heat exchanger 35 corresponding to the indoor unit 3 that performs the heating operation. Keep it. Then, as time elapses, the heat medium and the heat-source-side refrigerant exchange heat, and the heat medium gradually warms up.
- the heating start mode ends, since the heat medium temperature has further increased, the air volume of the blower is increased to operate with a weak wind. Then, when the temperature of the heat medium reaches a preset temperature, the heat medium is operated so as to have a preset air volume. Thereby, a user's comfort can be improved, without making a user feel a cold wind feeling.
- the air blower of the indoor unit 3 (not shown) is stopped for a preset time, Since the air volume is gradually increased thereafter, the heating operation can be started quickly, and the comfort of the user can be improved without causing the user to feel a feeling of cold air.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 described in the present embodiment can switch a three-way flow such as a three-way valve, or a two-way flow such as an on-off valve. What is necessary is just to switch a flow path, such as combining two things which perform opening and closing of.
- the first heat medium can be obtained by combining two things such as a stepping motor drive type mixing valve that can change the flow rate of the three-way flow path and two things that can change the flow rate of the two-way flow path such as an electronic expansion valve.
- the flow path switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 33 may be used. In this case, it is possible to prevent water hammer due to sudden opening and closing of the flow path.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 is a two-way valve
- a bypass pipe that bypasses the use-side heat exchanger 35 as a control valve having a three-way flow path. You may make it install.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be a stepping motor driven type that can control the flow rate flowing through the flow path, and may be a two-way valve or a one-way valve with one end closed. Further, as the heat medium flow control device 34, a device that opens and closes a two-way flow path such as an open / close valve may be used, and the average flow rate may be controlled by repeating ON / OFF.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28 is shown as a four-way valve, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of two-way flow switching valves and three-way flow switching valves are used in the same manner. You may comprise so that a refrigerant
- coolant may flow.
- the heat medium for example, brine (antifreeze), water, a mixture of brine and water, a mixture of water and an additive having a high anticorrosive effect, or the like can be used. Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 100, even if the heat medium leaks into the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 3, it contributes to the improvement of safety because a highly safe heat medium is used. Become.
- the air conditioner 100 includes the accumulator 19
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 35 are provided with a blower, and in many cases, condensation or evaporation is promoted by blowing air, but this is not restrictive.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 can be a panel heater using radiation
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is a water-cooled type that moves heat by water or antifreeze.
- the case where there are four usage-side heat exchangers 35 has been described as an example, but the number is not particularly limited.
- the case where the number of heat exchangers between heat mediums 25a and the heat exchangers between heat mediums 25b is two has been described as an example, naturally the present invention is not limited to this, so that the heat medium can be cooled or / and heated. If it comprises, you may install how many.
- the number of pumps 31a and 31b is not limited to one, and a plurality of small-capacity pumps may be connected in parallel.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 not only improves safety without circulating the heat source side refrigerant to the indoor unit 3 or the vicinity of the indoor unit 3, but also stops the indoor unit 3.
- the air blower of the indoor unit 3 is started after changing the heat medium temperature to a predetermined temperature, the warm air in the cooling operation mode or the cool air in the heating operation mode is not performed, and the comfort at the start-up of the indoor unit 3 is achieved. Can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る空気調和装置の設置例を示す概略図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置の設置例について説明する。この空気調和装置は、冷媒(熱源側冷媒、熱媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(冷媒循環回路A、熱媒体循環回路B)を利用することで各室内ユニットが運転モードとして冷房モードあるいは暖房モードを自由に選択できるようになっている。図1では、複数台の室内ユニット3を接続している空気調和装置の全体を概略的に示している。なお、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
熱源側冷媒は、室外ユニット1から中継ユニット2に冷媒配管4を通して搬送される。搬送された熱源側冷媒は、中継ユニット2内の熱媒体間熱交換器(後述する熱媒体間熱交換器25)にて熱媒体と熱交換を行ない、熱媒体を加温又は冷却する。つまり、熱媒体間熱交換器で、温水又は冷水が作り出される。中継ユニット2にて作られた温水又は冷水は、熱媒体搬送装置(後述するポンプ31)にて、配管5を通して室内ユニット3へ搬送され、室内ユニット3にて室内空間7に対する暖房運転(温水を必要とする運転状態であればよい)又は冷房運転(冷水を必要とした運転状態であればよい)に供される。
室外ユニット1には、圧縮機10と、四方弁等の第1冷媒流路切替装置11と、熱源側熱交換器12と、アキュムレーター19とが冷媒配管4で直列に接続されて搭載されている。また、室外ユニット1には、冷媒用接続配管4a、冷媒用接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dが設けられている。冷媒用接続配管4a、冷媒用接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dを設けることで、室内ユニット3の要求する運転に関わらず、中継ユニット2に流入させる熱源側冷媒の流れを一定方向にすることができる。
室内ユニット3には、それぞれ利用側熱交換器35が搭載されている。この利用側熱交換器35は、配管5によって中継ユニット2の熱媒体流量調整装置34と第2熱媒体流路切替装置33に接続するようになっている。この利用側熱交換器35は、図示省略のファン等の送風機から供給される空気と熱媒体との間で熱交換を行ない、室内空間7に供給するための暖房用空気あるいは冷房用空気を生成するものである。
中継ユニット2には、少なくとも2つ以上の熱媒体間熱交換器25と、2つの絞り装置26と、2つの開閉装置(開閉装置27、開閉装置29)と、2つの第2冷媒流路切替装置28と、2つのポンプ31と、4つの第1熱媒体流路切替装置32と、4つの第2熱媒体流路切替装置33と、4つの熱媒体流量調整装置34と、が搭載されている。
空気調和装置100が実行する各運転モードについて説明する。この空気調和装置100は、各室内ユニット3からの指示に基づいて、その室内ユニット3で冷房運転あるいは暖房運転が可能になっている。つまり、空気調和装置100は、室内ユニット3の全部で同一運転をすることができるとともに、室内ユニット3のそれぞれで異なる運転をすることができるようになっている。
図3は、空気調和装置100の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図3では、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dの全部で温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全暖房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図3では、太線で表された配管が熱源側冷媒の流れる配管を示している。また、図3では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、冷媒用接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13dを通過し、室外ユニット1から流出する。室外ユニット1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って中継ユニット2に流入する。中継ユニット2に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、分岐されて第2冷媒流路切替装置28a及び第2冷媒流路切替装置28bを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器25a及び熱媒体間熱交換器25bのそれぞれに流入する。
全暖房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25a及び熱媒体間熱交換器25bの双方で熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、温められた熱媒体がポンプ31a及びポンプ31bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ31a及びポンプ31bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33a~第2熱媒体流路切替装置33dを介して、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dで室内空気に放熱することで、室内空間7の暖房を行なう。
図4は、空気調和装置100の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図4では、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dの全部で冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全冷房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図4では、太線で表された配管が熱源側冷媒の流れる配管を示している。また、図4では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を介して熱源側熱交換器12を通過し、外気との熱交換を行い、高温高圧の液または二相冷媒となり、逆止弁13aを通過した後、冷媒用接続配管4aを導通し、室外ユニット1から流出する。室外ユニット1から流出した高温・高圧の液または二相冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って中継ユニット2に流入する。
全冷房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25a及び熱媒体間熱交換器25bの双方で熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ31a及びポンプ31b加圧されて流出し、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33a~第2熱媒体流路切替装置33dを介して、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dで室内空気から吸熱することで、室内空間7の冷房を行う。
図5は、空気調和装置100の冷房暖房混在運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図5では、利用側熱交換器35のうちのいずれかで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器35のうちの残りで冷熱負荷が発生している場合である冷房暖房混在運転のうち、暖房主体運転モードについて説明する。図5では、利用側熱交換器35a、35bで冷熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器35c、35dで温熱負荷が発生している状態を例に示している。なお、図5では、太線で表された配管が熱源側冷媒の循環する配管を示している。また、図5では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、冷媒用接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13dを通過し、室外ユニット1から流出する。室外ユニット1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って中継ユニット2に流入する。中継ユニット2に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第2冷媒流路切替装置28bを通って凝縮器として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器25bに流入する。
暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25bで熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ31bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。また、暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25aで熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ31aによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ31aで加圧されて流出した冷やされた熱媒体は、冷熱負荷が発生している利用側熱交換器35に第2熱媒体流路切替装置33を介して流入し、ポンプ31bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、温熱負荷が発生している利用側熱交換器35に第2熱媒体流路切替装置33を介して流入する。
図6は、室内ユニット3のいずれかが停止運転モードから冷房運転に移行する場合の説明図である。図6(a)は、中継ユニット2及び室内ユニット3の動作の説明図であり、図6(b)は、熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体の流れと室内ユニット3の送風機の動作の説明図である。図6を参照して、停止運転モードから冷房運転に移行する際に行われる冷房起動モードについて説明する。
また、停止運転モードから冷房運転を実施するために、ポンプ31、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34といった中継ユニット2内に搭載されているアクチュエータ等を制御する運転モードを冷房起動モードと定義する。冷房起動モードも、冷房運転に含まれる。
冷房起動モードの開始時期は、停止運転モードから冷房起動モードへの移行時であり、冷房起動モードの終了時期は、ポンプ31、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34などの動作が完了したときである。
また、制御装置50は、冷房運転を開始する室内ユニット3に対応する利用側熱交換器35に対して熱媒体が搬送されるように、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33の流路の切り替えを行うように制御するとともに、熱媒体流量調整装置34を開とし、利用側熱交換器35と熱媒体間熱交換器25との間を熱媒体が循環するようにする(図6の動作(1)参照)。
すなわち、制御装置50は、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33の流路の切り替え及び熱媒体流量調整装置34の開放を同時に動作させるとよい。これにより、熱媒体循環回路Bの流路を確保し、確実に熱媒体を循環させることができるからである。
また、制御装置50は、ポンプ31を運転する前に、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33の切り替え、及び熱媒体流量調整装置34の開放を実施するとよい。このように、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34が、ステッピングモータ等で構成されると、ポンプ31と、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34との動作に時間差を設けることができ、熱媒体循環回路Bの流路を確保し、確実に熱媒体を循環させることができるからである。
そのため、本実施の形態では、制御装置50は、停止運転モードから冷房起動モードへ移行した直後に、冷房運転する室内ユニット3に対応する利用側熱交換器35の送風機(図示省略)を起動させている。
ここで、ユーザーに供給される空気の温度は、利用側熱交換器35の周囲温度程度であれば、ユーザーに空気が送風されてユーザーから気化熱を奪うことができ、温風感を感じさせることはない。すなわち、停止運転モードから冷房起動モードへ移行した直後に、送風機(図示省略)を起動させて室内空間に空気を供給しても、ユーザーにとって温風感を感じさせることがなく、ユーザーの快適性を向上させることができる。
図7は、室内ユニット3のいずれかが停止運転モードから暖房運転に移行する場合の説明図である。図7(a)は、中継ユニット2及び室内ユニット3の動作の説明図であり、図7(b)は、熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体の流れと室内ユニット3の送風機の動作の説明図である。図7を参照して、停止運転モードから暖房運転に移行する際に行われる暖房起動モードについて説明する。
暖房起動モードの開始時期は、停止運転モードから暖房起動モードへの移行時であり、暖房起動モードの終了時期は、ポンプ31、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34などの動作が完了したときである。
また、制御装置50は、暖房運転を開始する室内ユニット3に対応する利用側熱交換器35に対して熱媒体が搬送されるように、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33の流路の切り替えを行うように制御するとともに、熱媒体流量調整装置34を開とし、利用側熱交換器35と熱媒体間熱交換器25との間を熱媒体が循環するようにする(図7の動作(1)参照)。
制御装置50は、ポンプ31、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34などの動作が完了し、暖房起動モードを終えると、暖房運転に移行して、送風機の風量を上げる。ただし、送風機の風量は、暖房運転において予め設定されている風量よりも小さい風量(弱風)とする。
そして、制御装置50は、温度センサー40の検出結果により、熱媒体の温度が予め設定されている温度に達すると、さらに風量を上げて、暖房運転において予め設定されている風量で送風機を運転させる(図7の動作(2)参照)。なお、この予め設定される温度は、たとえば、室内ユニット3が設けられる室内温度に設定するとよい。また、この予め設定される温度は、室内温度より大きくしてもよい。
すなわち、制御装置50は、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33の流路の切り替え及び熱媒体流量調整装置34の開放を同時に動作させるとよい。これにより、熱媒体循環回路Bの流路を確保し、確実に熱媒体を循環させるからである。
また、制御装置50は、ポンプ31を運転する前に、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33の切り替え、及び熱媒体流量調整装置34の開放を実施するとよい。このように、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34が、ステッピングモータ等で構成されると、ポンプ31と、第1熱媒体流路切替装置32、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33及び熱媒体流量調整装置34との動作に時間差を設けることができ、熱媒体循環回路Bの流路を確保し、確実に熱媒体を循環さるからである。
本実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100は、停止運転モードから冷房運転である冷房起動モードに移行した場合には、図示省略の室内ユニット3の送風機を即座に起動させるので、素早い冷房運転の開始が可能であるとともに、ユーザーに温風感を感じさせることがなく、ユーザーの快適性を向上させることができる。
また、本実施の形態で説明した第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33は、三方弁等の三方流路を切り替えられるもの、開閉弁等の二方流路の開閉を行なうものを2つ組み合わせる等、流路を切り替えられるものであればよい。また、ステッピングモーター駆動式の混合弁等の三方流路の流量を変化させられるもの、電子式膨張弁等の二方流路の流量を変化させられるものを2つ組み合わせる等して第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33として用いてもよい。この場合は、流路の突然の開閉によるウォーターハンマーを防ぐこともできる。さらに、本実施の形態では、熱媒体流量調整装置34が二方弁である場合を例に説明を行なったが、三方流路を持つ制御弁とし利用側熱交換器35をバイパスするバイパス管と共に設置するようにしてもよい。
Claims (6)
- 圧縮機、熱源側熱交換器、複数の絞り装置、複数の熱媒体間熱交換器の冷媒側流路を冷媒配管で接続して熱源側冷媒を循環させる冷媒循環回路と、
ポンプ、複数の利用側熱交換器、前記複数の熱媒体間熱交換器の熱媒体側流路を熱媒体搬送配管で接続して熱媒体を循環させる熱媒体循環回路と、
各利用側熱交換器に対応した送風機と、を有し、
前記熱媒体間熱交換器において前記熱源側冷媒と前記熱媒体とが熱交換する空気調和装置であって、
前記熱媒体間熱交換器で冷却された熱媒体により、複数の前記利用側熱交換器のうちの少なくとも1台が冷房運転を実施する冷房運転モードと、
前記熱媒体間熱交換器で加熱された熱媒体により、複数の前記利用側熱交換器のうちの少なくとも1台が暖房運転を実施する暖房運転モードと、
前記圧縮機と、前記ポンプと、各利用側熱交換器及び各送風機とが停止している停止運転モードとを備え、
前記停止運転モードから前記冷房運転モードを開始する場合には、
開始指令があった前記室内ユニットの前記送風機を運転させ、
前記停止運転モードから前記暖房運転モードを開始する場合には、
熱媒体の温度が予め設定される温度以上になってから、開始指令があった前記室内ユニットの前記送風機を運転させる
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。 - いずれの前記熱媒体間熱交換器から前記利用側熱交換器に熱媒体を供給するかを切り換える熱媒体流路切替装置と、
前記熱媒体間熱交換器から前記利用側熱交換器に供給される熱媒体の流量を調節する熱媒体流量調整装置と、
を有し、
前記停止運転モードから前記冷房運転モードへと運転モードが変化した場合、及び前記停止運転モードから前記暖房運転モードへと運転モードが変化した場合には、
前記熱媒体流路切替装置及び前記熱媒体流量調整装置を動作させて、前記熱媒体循環回路の流路を確保する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記ポンプを運転させる前に、前記熱媒体流路切替装置及び前記熱媒体流量調整装置を動作させて前記熱媒体循環回路の流路を確保する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記暖房運転モードを開始する場合における、前記熱媒体の前記予め設定される温度を、前記室内ユニットが設けられる室内温度の温度としている
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記熱源側冷媒は、
単一冷媒、擬似共沸混合冷媒、非共沸混合冷媒、自然冷媒を含む二相変化を伴う冷媒、又は超臨界となる冷媒のいずれかである
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記熱媒体は、
水と、
不凍液と、
水と不凍液の混合液と、
水、不凍液、又は水と不凍液の混合液と防食効果が高い添加剤の混合液とのうちのいずれかである
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
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CN110986322A (zh) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-10 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | 空调运行控制方法、控制装置及空调系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6000373B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
EP2927615A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
CN104823002B (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
JPWO2014083681A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
US20150300676A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
EP2927615B1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
CN104823002A (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
US10359207B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
EP2927615A1 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
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