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WO2013168080A1 - Composite pressure container and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Composite pressure container and method for production thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013168080A1
WO2013168080A1 PCT/IB2013/053645 IB2013053645W WO2013168080A1 WO 2013168080 A1 WO2013168080 A1 WO 2013168080A1 IB 2013053645 W IB2013053645 W IB 2013053645W WO 2013168080 A1 WO2013168080 A1 WO 2013168080A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
support layer
pressure support
film
shell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/053645
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pål SANDVOLD
Per Vidar Hamnvik
Original Assignee
Hexagon Raufoss As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hexagon Raufoss As filed Critical Hexagon Raufoss As
Priority to EP13732622.9A priority Critical patent/EP2846981A1/en
Publication of WO2013168080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013168080A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
    • B29C53/602—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels for tubular articles having closed or nearly closed ends, e.g. vessels, tanks, containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0089—Impact strength or toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7154—Barrels, drums, tuns, vats
    • B29L2031/7156—Pressure vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0607—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/067—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments helically wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2154—Winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/234—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of closing end pieces, e.g. caps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite pressure container and a method for production thereof. Especially the invention relates to an improved method for curing and completing the production of a composite pressure container. Background
  • Composite pressure containers have during resent years taken over parts of the marked of smaller and medium sized pressure containers.
  • the composite pressure containers are considerable lighter than the traditional metallic containers resulting in a considerable reduction in costs for transport of container material. Additional the composite containers are not in the same way as the metal containers vulnerable to corrosion.
  • Known ways of production of composite containers comprises preparing an inner gas tight liner layer, and winding a fibre reinforced resin around the outside of the liner thereby forming a pressure support layer.
  • Known methods are for instance disclosed in WO00/66939, EP081008 IB 1 and WO201 1/152733.
  • the resin is cured at increased temperature normally in an oven or similar arrangement. Due to the heating the resin will first soften and then be cured. To avoid that gravity forces during the initial part of the heating, where the resin is softened, result in an unequal distribution of the resin and thereby provide an uneven pressure support layer with significant variations in the properties, the cylindrical containers have according to the prior art been arranged with their elongated axis in a horizontal position and they have been rotated along this axis during the heating. Accordingly the prior art equipment wherein the curing is performed comprises means for continuously rotating each cylindrical container arranged in a horizontal position within a heating zone.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a simplified way of curing the resin of a pressure support layer of a composite pressure container.
  • a further objective is to provide composite pressure container adapted for the simplified curing process. It is also a goal to provide a composite container which is identifiable by a labelling protected from abrasion during handling and use.
  • the present invention aims at providing a method of fastening drop protection covers at least to the end surfaces of a cylindrical composite pressure container.
  • the present invention provides a method of curing a pressure support layer of a composite pressure container, wherein the method comprises a) providing a inner gas tight liner layer, with a uncured pressure support layer arranged on the outside of the inner gas tight liner layer, where the uncured pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced uncured resin, b) covering at least part of the uncured pressure support layer with an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer, c) heating the composite pressure container, and d) curing the resin, to provide a cured pressure support layer comprising fibre reinforced resin.
  • step c) provides the energy needed for the curing reactions.
  • the composite pressure container has cylindrical shape and is arranged in a vertical position during step c) heating and step d) curing.
  • the longitudinal axis of the cylinder may be in any position during the steps a) and b).
  • the method comprises placing at least one drop protection on at least one of the cylinder ends.
  • the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer has a thickness and/or strength adapted for it in it self to provide the container with drop protection.
  • the at least one drop protection is fastened to the composite pressure container during step b) by applying a part of the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer to a rim area of the at least one drop protection.
  • the drop protection comprises at least one void adapted to receive resin bleeding out during step c) heating.
  • the method further comprises placing a label on an outside surface of the pressure support layer prior to performing step b) covering at least part of the uncured pressure support layer with an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer, thereby also covering at least a part of an outer surface of the label.
  • the present invention provides a composite pressure container comprising an inner gas tight liner layer, a pressure support layer arranged on at least part of an outer surface of the inner gas tight liner layer, and an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer arranged on at least part of an outer surface of the pressure support layer, where the pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced resin, wherein the composite pressure container is cylindrical and comprises at least one drop protection arranged on at least one end thereof outside the pressure support layer, wherein at least a part of the at least one drop protection is arranged inside the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
  • the longitudinal axis of the container is equivalent to the rotational axis of the cylindrical section of the container.
  • the end surfaces of the container are preferably dome shaped.
  • an outer shell is arranged on at last a part of the outer surface of the pressure support layer; where the outer shell layer additionally functions as a drop protection and/or casing.
  • the composite pressure container comprises two drop protections arranged at each end thereof on the outside the pressure support layer.
  • a part of each of the drop protections are arranged inside the outer tape or film layer.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer fastens the drop protection(s) to the container. Additional fastening means such an adhesive can be used in combination with the tape or film.
  • the one or more drop protections are fastened to the container using fastening means such as an adhesive, an adhesive tape etc. before the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer has been arranged on the outer surface of the pressure support layer.
  • the composite pressure container further comprises an information label arranged between the pressure support layer and the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
  • the label is thereby kept in place and protected by the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is transparent or translucent; thereby making the label visible and readable trough the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
  • the filaments of the pressure support layer are also visible through the outer tape, film or lacquer layer.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer may be non-transparent.
  • the at least one of the drop protection comprises an excess resin void.
  • the resin void is adapted to collect and hide any resin bleed out from the support layer during the heating and curing of said layer.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer has been arranged on the outer surface of the pressure support layer prior to curing of the fibre reinforced resin.
  • the composite pressure container is applicable for storing compressed natural gas (CNG). In another aspect to composite pressure container is applicable for storing low pressure gas (LPG).
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • LPG low pressure gas
  • pressure container generally refers to containers applicable for use for storing and transport of gases or liquefied gasses.
  • the applicable test pressure for the containers will depend on the gas and the intended normal working pressure.
  • the test pressure is normally 30 MPa whereas the working pressure is 20MPa at 15 °C.
  • the present invention can be used when producing pressure containers for a test pressure of up to lOMPa, or for test pressures between 10 and 35MPa, or for test pressures from 30-50MPa, or for test pressures above 50 MPa.
  • outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer refers to layer of material place on at least a part of the outer surface of the pressure support layer either in the form of a tape winded around the container, a film or foil wrapped around the container.
  • the tape or film may comprise fibres or filaments.
  • the layer may be in the form of a casing with or without openings enclosing a main part of the container, the shell may preferably be constructed of a thermoplastic material.
  • lacquer layer refers to a lacquer, paint or similar coating solution that is solidified through drying and/or curing. The coating solution is applied to the container surface through spraying, dipping, brushing or similar techniques.
  • the term "excess resin void” as used here refers to an open volume on the side of the drop protection adapted to face the container. When the drop protection is installed on the container the void is arranged between the drop protection and the container.
  • the void can store a limited amount of excess resin that may bleed out during curing.
  • the outer tape of film generally limits the bleed out of resin, but small amounts of bleed out at the end can in some instances be tolerated. The presence of such limited bleed out will be invisible from the outside when the drop protection is prepared of a non- transparent material or a material with limit transparency.
  • Figure 1 shows a picture of a composite pressure container according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 schematically illustrates a filament winding process.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment o a drop protection prior to installation on a pressure container.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross sectional view of the embodiment illustrated on figure 3.
  • the present invention relates to the heating and curing process and as such the initial steps for preparing a composite pressure container can be performed in any applicable way of preparing an inner gas tight liner layer with a pressure support layer of fibre reinforced resin.
  • the materials for the liner layer can be freely selected as can also the fibres and or filaments or mixtures thereof for the reinforced resin.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the filament winding on a liner layer.
  • the filament 8 comprising fibres and resin is being winded around the gas tight liner layer 6 forming the gas container.
  • the filament 8 in figure 2 has only been winded in a spiral pattern one time over the cylindrical surface of the container. The winding will normally continue in different or displaced patterns to obtain a layer of filaments covering the cylindrical area 19 of the container and at least part of the end areas 17, 17'.
  • Also visible on figure 2 is part of a boss 7 for connecting delivery devices to the container. After the winding process has been completed curing of the resin is needed for the fibre reinforced layer to harden and provide the intended pressure support.
  • a tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is arranged on the outside of at least the main part of the filament layer prior to the curing of the resin.
  • drop protection covers 2 are arranged on each end area and a label 4 identifying the container, the intended use, the manufacturer or similar information is arranged on the cylindrical area.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is clear/transparent and applied over the label 4 thereby protecting the label from wear, but as the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is transparent the label can be read trough the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
  • the purpose of the drop protection is to secure the container from damage if it is dropped or in other ways exposed to hard impacts.
  • the drop protection must be designed to withstand a 45° drop according to tests defined in international standards e.g. ECE Regulation 1 10 and ISO 1 1 1 19-3.
  • the drop protection can also be attached to the composite layer through an adhesive or a separate tape before or after the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 is applied.
  • a casing is arranged surrounding the container and acting as an additional protection of the pressure support layer.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 is made of a material which keeps its solid state at curing temperatures. In a preferred embodiment the tape material is transparent also after the heating and curing steps.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 can respectively be winded, wrapped around or coated on to the cylinder covering the main part of or all of the filament covered surface.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a possible configuration of a drop protection 2.
  • the outer surface facing away from the container when mounted thereon comprises structural elements 10 forming a wave like pattern design to absorb the force of an impact.
  • the inside 12 of the drop protection comprises voids 1 1 and 13 adapted to receive any resin bleed out from the pressure support layer during heating.
  • the void 1 1 is formed by the back side of the wave like pattern.
  • the void 13 is an area inside the rim 16.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer being used for attaching the drop protection 2 to the container is obtained by applying the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer to the outer rim area 15 in addition to the cylindrical area of the container. Accordingly in this embodiment no outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer will be applied to the area of the cylinder covered by the rim area 15.
  • the lack of covering with tape or film may result in limited resin bleed out during heating in the rim area or from any filament arranged within the drop protection.
  • Figure 5 illustrates schematically the cross section of the pressure container on figure 3 along the line A- A.
  • An inner volume 20 inside the liner layer 6 is the storing space of the container.
  • the pressure support layer 8 of fibre reinforced resin filament is arranged on the outer surface of the liner layer 6.
  • the label 4 is increased in axial thickness to make it visible.
  • the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 forms the external surface of the container.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a composite pressure container 1 according to the present invention with drop protections 2 at each end, attached to the container in the rim area 5 by the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
  • the label 4 is arranged inside the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer but is visible there through and protected by the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
  • dispenser/break axis is moving accordingly f. applied with correct overlap over complete part of cylindrical g. Tape is cut and end secured h. Cylinder is moved to next process step: Cylinder oven curing i. Oven is preheated to stable work temperature
  • Timing starts for cure cycle. k.
  • defined cure cycle time the cylinder is moved out from oven into conditioning/post curing at ambient temperature
  • the drop protections are attached to the cylinder by other means than the tape, such as an adhesive then the drop protections can be attached before or after the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer or even after the heating and curing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A composite pressure container (1) is disclosed, comprising a inner gas tight liner layer (6), a pressure support layer (8) arranged on the outside of the inner gas tight liner layer, and an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer (3) arranged on the pressure support layer, where the pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced resin. Further, a method of curing a pressure support layer of a composite pressure container is also disclosed, the method comprising a) providing a inner gas tight liner layer, with a uncured pressure support layer arranged on the outside of the inner gas tight liner layer, where the uncured pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced uncured resin, b) covering at least part of the uncured pressure support layer with an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer, c) heating the composite pressure container, and d) curing the resin, to provide a cured pressure support layer comprising fibre reinforced resin.

Description

Composite pressure container and method for production thereof
The present invention relates to a composite pressure container and a method for production thereof. Especially the invention relates to an improved method for curing and completing the production of a composite pressure container. Background
Composite pressure containers have during resent years taken over parts of the marked of smaller and medium sized pressure containers. The composite pressure containers are considerable lighter than the traditional metallic containers resulting in a considerable reduction in costs for transport of container material. Additional the composite containers are not in the same way as the metal containers vulnerable to corrosion.
Known ways of production of composite containers comprises preparing an inner gas tight liner layer, and winding a fibre reinforced resin around the outside of the liner thereby forming a pressure support layer. Known methods are for instance disclosed in WO00/66939, EP081008 IB 1 and WO201 1/152733.
Prior art
To strengthen the pressure support layer and provide it with adequate hardness after the winding procedure is completed, the resin is cured at increased temperature normally in an oven or similar arrangement. Due to the heating the resin will first soften and then be cured. To avoid that gravity forces during the initial part of the heating, where the resin is softened, result in an unequal distribution of the resin and thereby provide an uneven pressure support layer with significant variations in the properties, the cylindrical containers have according to the prior art been arranged with their elongated axis in a horizontal position and they have been rotated along this axis during the heating. Accordingly the prior art equipment wherein the curing is performed comprises means for continuously rotating each cylindrical container arranged in a horizontal position within a heating zone.
Objectives of the invention
The objective of the present invention is to provide a simplified way of curing the resin of a pressure support layer of a composite pressure container. A further objective is to provide composite pressure container adapted for the simplified curing process. It is also a goal to provide a composite container which is identifiable by a labelling protected from abrasion during handling and use.
Additionally the invention aims at providing a method of fastening drop protection covers at least to the end surfaces of a cylindrical composite pressure container. The present invention provides a method of curing a pressure support layer of a composite pressure container, wherein the method comprises a) providing a inner gas tight liner layer, with a uncured pressure support layer arranged on the outside of the inner gas tight liner layer, where the uncured pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced uncured resin, b) covering at least part of the uncured pressure support layer with an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer, c) heating the composite pressure container, and d) curing the resin, to provide a cured pressure support layer comprising fibre reinforced resin.
The heating in step c) provides the energy needed for the curing reactions.
Accordingly curing will be initiated by the heating and take place during the heating step.
In one aspect of the method according to the present invention, the composite pressure container has cylindrical shape and is arranged in a vertical position during step c) heating and step d) curing. The longitudinal axis of the cylinder may be in any position during the steps a) and b). The possibility according to this aspect of the invention of arranging the containers in a vertical position during curing provides a simplification of the construction of the oven especially combined with the avoiding the need for continued rotation of each container during heating and curing. Accordingly in one aspect of the present method the heating and curing is performed while the container is mainly standing still or hanging still.
In a further aspect of the invention the method comprises placing at least one drop protection on at least one of the cylinder ends.
Alternatively the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer has a thickness and/or strength adapted for it in it self to provide the container with drop protection.
In one aspect the at least one drop protection is fastened to the composite pressure container during step b) by applying a part of the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer to a rim area of the at least one drop protection.
In another aspect the drop protection comprises at least one void adapted to receive resin bleeding out during step c) heating.
In yet another aspect o the present invention the method further comprises placing a label on an outside surface of the pressure support layer prior to performing step b) covering at least part of the uncured pressure support layer with an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer, thereby also covering at least a part of an outer surface of the label.
Further the present invention provides a composite pressure container comprising an inner gas tight liner layer, a pressure support layer arranged on at least part of an outer surface of the inner gas tight liner layer, and an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer arranged on at least part of an outer surface of the pressure support layer, where the pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced resin, wherein the composite pressure container is cylindrical and comprises at least one drop protection arranged on at least one end thereof outside the pressure support layer, wherein at least a part of the at least one drop protection is arranged inside the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
The longitudinal axis of the container is equivalent to the rotational axis of the cylindrical section of the container. The end surfaces of the container are preferably dome shaped. In another aspect of the present invention an outer shell is arranged on at last a part of the outer surface of the pressure support layer; where the outer shell layer additionally functions as a drop protection and/or casing.
In another aspect of the invention the composite pressure container comprises two drop protections arranged at each end thereof on the outside the pressure support layer. In a further aspect a part of each of the drop protections are arranged inside the outer tape or film layer. According to this aspect the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer fastens the drop protection(s) to the container. Additional fastening means such an adhesive can be used in combination with the tape or film. In an alternative embodiment the one or more drop protections are fastened to the container using fastening means such as an adhesive, an adhesive tape etc. before the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer has been arranged on the outer surface of the pressure support layer.
In one aspect of the present invention the composite pressure container further comprises an information label arranged between the pressure support layer and the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer. The label is thereby kept in place and protected by the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
In a further aspect of the present invention the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is transparent or translucent; thereby making the label visible and readable trough the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer. The filaments of the pressure support layer are also visible through the outer tape, film or lacquer layer.
Alternatively, if no label is included or there is no interest in providing visible filaments then the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer may be non-transparent. In yet another aspect of the present invention the at least one of the drop protection comprises an excess resin void. The resin void is adapted to collect and hide any resin bleed out from the support layer during the heating and curing of said layer.
According to one aspect of the composite pressure container according to the present invention the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer has been arranged on the outer surface of the pressure support layer prior to curing of the fibre reinforced resin.
In one aspect of the invention the composite pressure container is applicable for storing compressed natural gas (CNG). In another aspect to composite pressure container is applicable for storing low pressure gas (LPG).
The term "pressure container" as used herein generally refers to containers applicable for use for storing and transport of gases or liquefied gasses. The applicable test pressure for the containers will depend on the gas and the intended normal working pressure. For storing of CNG in automobiles the test pressure is normally 30 MPa whereas the working pressure is 20MPa at 15 °C. The present invention can be used when producing pressure containers for a test pressure of up to lOMPa, or for test pressures between 10 and 35MPa, or for test pressures from 30-50MPa, or for test pressures above 50 MPa.
The term "outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer" as use herein refers to layer of material place on at least a part of the outer surface of the pressure support layer either in the form of a tape winded around the container, a film or foil wrapped around the container. Here the tape or film may comprise fibres or filaments. If in the form of a shell layer, the layer may be in the form of a casing with or without openings enclosing a main part of the container, the shell may preferably be constructed of a thermoplastic material. The term lacquer layer refers to a lacquer, paint or similar coating solution that is solidified through drying and/or curing. The coating solution is applied to the container surface through spraying, dipping, brushing or similar techniques.
The term "excess resin void" as used here refers to an open volume on the side of the drop protection adapted to face the container. When the drop protection is installed on the container the void is arranged between the drop protection and the container. The void can store a limited amount of excess resin that may bleed out during curing. The outer tape of film generally limits the bleed out of resin, but small amounts of bleed out at the end can in some instances be tolerated. The presence of such limited bleed out will be invisible from the outside when the drop protection is prepared of a non- transparent material or a material with limit transparency. Brief description of the drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the enclosed figures where:
Figure 1 shows a picture of a composite pressure container according to the present invention.
Figure 2 schematically illustrates a filament winding process.
Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment o a drop protection prior to installation on a pressure container. Figure 5 is a schematic cross sectional view of the embodiment illustrated on figure 3.
The figures generally illustrate possible embodiments of the present invention or parts thereof.
Principal description of the invention
According to the prior art solution for curing and avoiding uneven distribution of resin during curing the pressure containers were arranged with their longitudinal axis in a horizontal position and rotated along that axis during curing. The need for rotation as well as horizontal alignment is demanding for the heating and curing process and the present invention provides an alternative solution for this process. The present invention relates to the heating and curing process and as such the initial steps for preparing a composite pressure container can be performed in any applicable way of preparing an inner gas tight liner layer with a pressure support layer of fibre reinforced resin. The materials for the liner layer can be freely selected as can also the fibres and or filaments or mixtures thereof for the reinforced resin. The resin is curable through application of heat within a temperature range acceptable for the rest of the materials, but can otherwise also be freely selected to make use of the present invention. Examples of applicable materials are discussed in the above mentioned prior art. Figure 2 illustrates the filament winding on a liner layer. In the illustrated embodiment the filament 8 comprising fibres and resin is being winded around the gas tight liner layer 6 forming the gas container. For the sake of simplification the illustration the filament 8 in figure 2 has only been winded in a spiral pattern one time over the cylindrical surface of the container. The winding will normally continue in different or displaced patterns to obtain a layer of filaments covering the cylindrical area 19 of the container and at least part of the end areas 17, 17'. Also visible on figure 2 is part of a boss 7 for connecting delivery devices to the container. After the winding process has been completed curing of the resin is needed for the fibre reinforced layer to harden and provide the intended pressure support.
According to the method of the present invention a tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is arranged on the outside of at least the main part of the filament layer prior to the curing of the resin. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention as illustrated on figure 3 drop protection covers 2 are arranged on each end area and a label 4 identifying the container, the intended use, the manufacturer or similar information is arranged on the cylindrical area. In this embodiment the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is clear/transparent and applied over the label 4 thereby protecting the label from wear, but as the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is transparent the label can be read trough the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer. By placing the drop protection on the container ends before applying the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer the drop protection can be secured to the container in the same operation by applying the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer also to the rim area 5 of the drop protection.
The purpose of the drop protection is to secure the container from damage if it is dropped or in other ways exposed to hard impacts. For instance for CNG containers for automobiles the drop protection must be designed to withstand a 45° drop according to tests defined in international standards e.g. ECE Regulation 1 10 and ISO 1 1 1 19-3.
Alternatively the drop protection can also be attached to the composite layer through an adhesive or a separate tape before or after the tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 is applied.
In an alternative embodiment a casing is arranged surrounding the container and acting as an additional protection of the pressure support layer.
The outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 is made of a material which keeps its solid state at curing temperatures. In a preferred embodiment the tape material is transparent also after the heating and curing steps. The outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 can respectively be winded, wrapped around or coated on to the cylinder covering the main part of or all of the filament covered surface.
Alternatively the outer layer 3 is applied as a liquid coating and cured to form a solid film coating prior to the heating and curing of the resin. In this alternative embodiment the curing of the film layer coating is preferably obtained through other means than heating, such as UV radiation or other known curing methods. Figure 4 illustrates a possible configuration of a drop protection 2. The outer surface facing away from the container when mounted thereon comprises structural elements 10 forming a wave like pattern design to absorb the force of an impact. The inside 12 of the drop protection comprises voids 1 1 and 13 adapted to receive any resin bleed out from the pressure support layer during heating. The void 1 1 is formed by the back side of the wave like pattern. The void 13 is an area inside the rim 16. The outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer being used for attaching the drop protection 2 to the container is obtained by applying the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer to the outer rim area 15 in addition to the cylindrical area of the container. Accordingly in this embodiment no outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer will be applied to the area of the cylinder covered by the rim area 15. The lack of covering with tape or film may result in limited resin bleed out during heating in the rim area or from any filament arranged within the drop protection.
Figure 5 illustrates schematically the cross section of the pressure container on figure 3 along the line A- A. An inner volume 20 inside the liner layer 6 is the storing space of the container. The pressure support layer 8 of fibre reinforced resin filament is arranged on the outer surface of the liner layer 6. The label 4 is increased in axial thickness to make it visible. The outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer 3 forms the external surface of the container. Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a composite pressure container 1 according to the present invention with drop protections 2 at each end, attached to the container in the rim area 5 by the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer. The label 4 is arranged inside the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer but is visible there through and protected by the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer. The detailed steps of an example of an embodiment of the method according to the present invention are: a. Winded cylinder from process step "Filament winding" is approved into operation b. Two Drop Protection parts is pushed into place and centered as the tape machine clamps the cylinder c. Unique label is applied at correct position d. Tape end is secured on cylinder and Drop Protection e. Tape applying process is started. Cylinder is rotated while tape
dispenser/break axis is moving accordingly f. applied with correct overlap over complete part of cylindrical g. Tape is cut and end secured h. Cylinder is moved to next process step: Cylinder oven curing i. Oven is preheated to stable work temperature
j. Conveyor moves products into position in oven in vertical position.
Timing starts for cure cycle. k. When defined cure cycle time is reached, the cylinder is moved out from oven into conditioning/post curing at ambient temperature
1. When product has cooled down, the full cure cycle is finished, and product can be transferred into testing
The order of the different process steps may be changed. For instance the order of the steps c) and d) can be interchanged.
If the drop protections are attached to the cylinder by other means than the tape, such as an adhesive then the drop protections can be attached before or after the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer or even after the heating and curing.

Claims

Method of curing a pressure support layer of a composite pressure container, wherein the method comprises a) providing a inner gas tight liner layer, with an uncured pressure support layer arranged on the outside of the inner gas tight liner layer, where the uncured pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced uncured resin, b) covering at least part of the uncured pressure support layer with an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer, c) heating the composite pressure container, and d) curing the resin, to provide a cured pressure support layer comprising fibre reinforced resin.
Method according to claim 1 , wherein the composite pressure container has cylindrical shape and is arranged in a vertical position during step c) heating and step d) curing.
Method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises placing at least one drop protection on at least one of the cylinder ends.
Method according to claim 3, wherein the at least one drop protection is fastened to the composite pressure container during step b) by applying a part of the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer to a rim area of the at least one drop protection.
Method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the drop protection comprises at least one void adapted to receive resin bleeding out during step c) heating.
Method according to any one of the claims 1-5, wherein the method further comprises placing a label on an outside surface of the pressure support layer prior to performing step b) covering at least part of the uncured pressure support layer with an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer, thereby also covering an outer surface of the label
A composite pressure container comprising an inner gas tight liner layer, a pressure support layer arranged on at least part of an outer surface of the inner gas tight liner layer, and an outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer arranged on at least part of an outer surface of the pressure support layer, where the pressure support layer comprises fibre reinforced resin, wherein the composite pressure container is cylindrical and comprises at least one drop protection arranged on at least one end thereof outside the pressure support layer, wherein at least a part of the at least one drop protection is arranged inside the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
The composite pressure container according to claim 7, wherein the container comprises two drop protections arranged at each end thereof outside the pressure support layer.
The composite pressure container according to any one of the claims 7-8, wherein the container further comprises an information label arranged between the pressure support layer and the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer.
The composite pressure container according to any one of the claims 7-9, wherein the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer is transparent or translucent.
The composite pressure container according to any one of the claims 7-10, wherein the at least one drop protection comprises an excess resin void.
The composite pressure container according to any one of the claims 7-1 1 , wherein the outer tape, film, shell or lacquer layer has been arranged on the outer surface of the pressure support layer prior to curing of the fibre reinforced resin.
PCT/IB2013/053645 2012-05-10 2013-05-07 Composite pressure container and method for production thereof WO2013168080A1 (en)

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