WO2012035710A1 - 高粘度高級アルファオレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
高粘度高級アルファオレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012035710A1 WO2012035710A1 PCT/JP2011/004899 JP2011004899W WO2012035710A1 WO 2012035710 A1 WO2012035710 A1 WO 2012035710A1 JP 2011004899 W JP2011004899 W JP 2011004899W WO 2012035710 A1 WO2012035710 A1 WO 2012035710A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- alpha olefin
- carbon atoms
- olefin polymer
- polymerization
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel alpha olefin polymer suitable for lubricating oil base materials, additives and functional waxes, and a method for producing the same.
- PAO alpha olefin polymers
- PAO has several viscosity levels required by applications and the like, and a catalyst such as BF 3 , AlCl 3 or cobalt oxide is used to control the viscosity.
- PAO obtained with BF 3 or AlCl 3 has a low molecular weight and is a low viscosity lubricating oil.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that the molecular weight of a racemic metallocene complex decreases as the reaction temperature is increased. In addition, the obtained polymer has high stereoregularity.
- Patent Document 3 describes a production example of an alpha olefin polymer obtained by reacting at 65 ° C. using a meso-type metallocene complex. In this production example, a high-viscosity polymer has not been obtained despite the reaction at a relatively low temperature.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a polypropylene having a medium or low stereoregularity and a high molecular weight can be produced. However, it does not relate to alpha olefins having 4 or more carbon atoms (C4). Since the reactivity differs between propylene and C4 or higher alpha olefin, it cannot be said that even if polypropylene can be produced, C4 or higher alpha olefin can be polymerized.
- C4 carbon atoms
- Patent Document 5 describes a method for producing PAO using a general metallocene complex.
- the reaction temperature is set to a relatively high temperature of 100 ° C., but a material having a viscosity region similar to that of PAO obtained with BF 3 or AlCl 3 is produced.
- the polymer of patent document 3 is characterized by the polymer terminal stopping at a 2,1 bond.
- methylaminoxan (MAO) is used as a co-catalyst, the catalyst residue increases, which may be a burden in the deashing process.
- MAO methylaminoxan
- it is a polymer containing an unsaturated bond, a hydrogenation process is required, and there exists a subject that manufacturing cost becomes high by a deashing process and a hydrogenation process.
- Patent Document 6 describes that a highly viscous polymer can be obtained.
- this polymer has high stereoregularity (syndiotacticity).
- it is made to react at low temperature in order to manufacture a high viscosity polymer, and there exists a subject that high viscosity polymer production
- Patent Document 7 describes that a highly viscous polymer can be obtained. However, there is no description regarding the terminal end and the like, and hydrogen is not introduced into the reaction system, so the polymer is considered to have an unsaturated bond. Further, since ethylene is introduced into the reaction system, it is a polymer containing an ethylene chain. Furthermore, in order to manufacture high viscosity, it is made to react at low temperature, and there exists a subject that the high viscosity polymer production
- An object of the present invention is to provide a PAO production method which can obtain a PAO having a high viscosity even by polymerization at a high temperature and has high productivity.
- an alpha olefin polymer having a low stereoregularity, a high viscosity and a controlled composition distribution even when reacted at a high temperature by using a catalyst containing a predetermined transition metal compound It was found that can be obtained.
- the alpha olefin polymer manufactured using the catalyst of this invention discovered that it was suitable for uses, such as a base material for lubricants, an additive, and completed this invention.
- alpha olefin polymers satisfying the following (A) to (D).
- Viscosity index is 150 or more
- G Average carbon number is 4 to 15 3.
- H The melting endotherm ( ⁇ H) calculated from the melting peak area is one melting peak between 20 to 100 ° C. in the melting point (Tm) measurement by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Is 20 J / g or more and the half width is 10 ° C. or less.
- the average carbon number is 16-30 4).
- M represents a metal element of Groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table
- X represents a ⁇ -binding ligand, and when there are a plurality of X, the plurality of X are the same or different.
- Y represents a Lewis base, and when there are a plurality of Y, the plurality of Y may be the same or different.
- a 1 and A 2 represent crosslinking groups represented by the following formulas (IIa) and (IIb), respectively, and A 1 and A 2 are different groups.
- a and A ′ each represent a group selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, and a tin-containing group. And may have a substituent.
- M and n are integers of 2 or more.
- q is an integer of 1 to 5 and represents [(valence of M) -2], and r represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- E is a group represented by the following formula (IIc), and two E may be the same or different.
- R 1 to R 5 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a hetero atom.
- a bond having a wavy line represents a bond with the bridging groups A 1 and A 2 )] 5.
- the transition metal compound according to 4, wherein A and A ′ in the formulas (IIa) and (IIb) are groups represented by the following formulas (IIIa) and (IIIb), respectively.
- Z and Z ′ are each a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom or a tin atom, and R 11 , R 12 , R 11 ′ and R 12 ′ are a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, Represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a nitrogen-containing group, a silicon-containing group or a halogen-containing group.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 11 ′ and R 12 ′ are a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, Represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a nitrogen-containing group, a silicon-containing group or a halogen-containing group.
- 6 For polymerization comprising the transition metal compound (A) according to 4 or 5 above, at least one of the following compounds (B-1) and (B-2) (B), and an organoaluminum compound (C) catalyst.
- (B-1) A compound capable of reacting with the transition metal compound (A) or a derivative thereof to form an ionic complex (B-2) Aluminoxane 7.
- R 9 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, and w represents an average degree of polymerization. In addition, each R 9 may be the same or different.
- the alpha olefin polymer according to 8 which uses a polymerization catalyst obtained by previously contacting the transition metal compound (A), the compound (B) and the organoaluminum compound (C), which are components of a polymerization catalyst. Manufacturing method. 10. A polymerization catalyst obtained by previously contacting the transition metal compound (A), the compound (B), and the organoaluminum compound (C), which are components of a polymerization catalyst, with an alpha olefin having 3 to 18 carbon atoms. The manufacturing method of the alpha olefin polymer of 8 used. 11. 11. The method for producing an alpha olefin polymer according to any one of 8 to 10, wherein the reaction temperature is 80 to 200 ° C.
- a high-viscosity alpha-olefin polymer can be obtained even when polymerized at a high temperature.
- the viscosity in the reactor is lowered, so that fluidity is improved and thermal efficiency is improved.
- the complex of this invention can suppress the unsaturated amount of a polymer low, it can anticipate reducing the load to a hydrogenation process.
- catalyst residues can be reduced.
- a polymer having a saturated structure is obtained by introducing hydrogen at the time of polymerization, the hydrogenation step may be omitted, and further cost reduction can be expected.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention is a polymer having low stereoregularity and few dimer components and trimer components.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention is characterized by satisfying the following (A) to (D).
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention has [mm] of 10 to 50 mol%.
- the amount is preferably 25 to 50 mol%, more preferably 30 to 40 mol%.
- [mm] is more than 50 mol%, the low temperature characteristics are inferior.
- it is 10 mol% or more, it is more preferable in terms of low-temperature characteristics.
- [Mm] can be measured by 13 C-NMR.
- [Mm] can be controlled by the polymerization catalyst, polymerization temperature, pressure, monomer concentration, and the like.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention has a 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity of 200 to 10,000 mm 2 / s as measured in accordance with JISK2283.
- the 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity is preferably adjusted as appropriate according to the application.
- the 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity is preferably 500 to 2000 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 500 mm 2 / s or more, durability when used as a lubricating oil component is sufficient.
- the lubricating oil additive preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 2000 to 10,000 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 2000 mm 2 / s or more, the effect (viscosity index improving ability) when added to the lubricating oil is sufficient.
- the functional wax preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.
- the 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity can be controlled by polymerization temperature, hydrogen pressure, and the like.
- the proportion of the dimer and trimer components is less than 2% by mass. Furthermore, it is preferable that it is less than 1.9 mass%.
- the polymer of the present invention has a low dimer component and a trimer component, a small molecular weight distribution value, a uniform composition, and a polymer having a target viscosity range. be able to. Moreover, since there is almost no performance-decreasing component, it becomes useful as a wax or lubricating oil component.
- the proportion of the trimer or lower component is 2% by mass or more, the dimer and the trimer component are produced in a large amount, and the weight suitable for the intended use even if the purification treatment is performed after the production. Coalescence may not be obtained. There is also a problem of environmental deterioration due to a decrease in productivity and an increase in waste.
- the ratio of the components below the trimer can be determined using gas chromatography (GC).
- GC gas chromatography
- the ratio can be controlled by the polymerization catalyst, polymerization temperature, hydrogen pressure, catalyst components, and the like.
- the average carbon number of the raw material alpha olefin is 4 to 30.
- the average carbon number is preferably 16 to 30, and particularly preferably 18 to 28. If the average carbon number is less than 4, the resulting polymer is similar to polyethylene or polypropylene, and does not become a liquid polymer, so that it is difficult to apply to lubricating oil applications. On the other hand, when it exceeds 30, since the monomer is solid, workability is inferior.
- a C4 or more alpha olefin unit is 100 mol%.
- the average carbon number can be determined by NMR measurement.
- the proton peak derived from —CH 2 — and —CH— appears around 1.2 ppm
- the proton peak derived from —CH 3 appears around 0.9 ppm.
- the average carbon number can be determined from the number of protons determined from the integrated value of this peak.
- the number of carbons of the obtained side chain + 3 average carbon number.
- the said average carbon number can also be calculated
- the average carbon number can be controlled by adjusting the carbon number of the alpha olefin as a raw material and the amount charged. For example, when an ⁇ -olefin having 16 or more carbon atoms is used, the average carbon number can be in the range of 5 to 24 by copolymerizing with an alpha olefin having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention is amorphous and preferably satisfies the following (E) to (G).
- Viscosity index is 150 or more
- (G) Average carbon number is 4 to 15
- Alpha olefin polymers that meet the above requirements are preferred for lubricating oil applications.
- “amorphous” is generally amorphous, such as having no melting point, having only a glass transition temperature, having transparency, and having a small volume change upon cooling and solidification. It means a case having characteristics that appear in the case. The above requirements will be described below.
- the alpha olefin polymer of this embodiment preferably has a pour point of -15 ° C or lower. More preferably, it is ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower.
- the pour point is preferably as low as possible, and if it is higher than ⁇ 15 ° C., the low temperature characteristics are deteriorated.
- the pour point is measured according to JIS K 2269. The pour point can be controlled by the average carbon number, polymerization temperature, and the like.
- Viscosity index The alpha olefin polymer of this embodiment preferably has a viscosity index of 150 or more, more preferably 170 or more. The higher the viscosity index, the better. When the viscosity index is lower than 150, the low temperature startability deteriorates. The higher the viscosity index, the lower the temperature dependency and the better the lubricating oil.
- the viscosity index is determined from kinematic viscosity according to JIS K 2283. Further, since the viscosity index is calculated from the kinematic viscosity, it can be controlled by controlling the kinematic viscosity.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present embodiment preferably has an average carbon number of 4 to 15, particularly preferably 6 to 12. This range is suitable for lubricating oil applications.
- the alpha olefin polymer of this invention is crystalline, and also satisfy
- the melting endotherm ( ⁇ H) calculated from the melting peak area is one melting peak between 20 to 100 ° C. in the melting point (Tm) measurement by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Is 20 J / g or more and the full width at half maximum is 10 ° C. or less.
- the average carbon number is 16-30
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present embodiment that satisfies the above requirements is suitable for functional wax applications.
- crystallinity is a characteristic that generally appears in the case of crystallinity, such as the presence of a glass transition temperature or a melting point, difficulty in becoming transparent, and volume change accompanying crystallization. It means the case of having. The above requirements will be described below.
- the melting peak observed in the melting point (Tm) measurement with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is 20 to 100 ° C. One in between.
- One peak means that there is no absorption seen as other peaks or shoulders.
- the melting endotherm ( ⁇ H) calculated from the area of the melting peak is 20 J / g or more, and the half width is 10 ° C. or less.
- ⁇ H is an index representing the degree of softness, and when this value increases, it means that the elastic modulus is high and the softness is lowered.
- ⁇ H is preferably 20 to 250 J / g, more preferably 30 to 200 J / g. Since ⁇ H is 20 J / g or more, the elastic modulus is high and the softness is low, so that it is suitable for functional wax applications.
- the half width means the peak width at 50% height of the endothermic peak when the melting point is measured by DSC as described above.
- the half width is preferably 9.5 ° C. or less, more preferably 9 to 2 ° C.
- the full width at half maximum is 10 ° C or less, the melting behavior is sharp.
- alpha olefin polymer is used as the main material of the temperature-sensitive adhesive, the spread of the adhesive-non-adhesive switch temperature range is suppressed. Thus, it is possible to realize a rapid change depending on the temperature of the adhesive force. That is, temperature sensitivity is improved.
- the melting peak, melting endotherm and half-value width can be controlled by the average carbon number, polymerization temperature, hydrogen pressure, and the like.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present embodiment preferably has an average carbon number of 16 to 30, and more preferably 18 to 28. This range is suitable for functional wax applications. In order to obtain a polymer having a melting point, the average carbon number is preferably 16 or more.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention can be produced by polymerizing a raw material olefin.
- a raw material olefin a known alpha olefin can be used.
- the raw material olefin may be one kind alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed.
- the feed ratio of the raw material olefin may be adjusted so that the above average carbon number is 4 to 30.
- polymerization may be performed using an alpha olefin satisfying the above carbon number, and an alpha olefin having 16 or more carbon atoms and 12 or less carbon atoms may be polymerized.
- the average carbon number may be adjusted by copolymerizing with an alpha olefin.
- alpha olefin examples include 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1- Heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-tetracocene, 1-hexacocene, 1-octacocene, 1-triacontene and the like are preferable.
- alpha olefin polymers useful as wax components and lubricating oil components can be obtained.
- alpha olefins other than the above For example, branched olefins may be used.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention is obtained by polymerizing the raw material olefin under conditions that satisfy the above-mentioned requirements.
- the polymerization is carried out using a catalyst containing the transition metal compound of the present invention described below.
- fills the said requirements can be manufactured.
- the transition metal compound of the present invention is a meso-type transition metal compound represented by the following formula (I).
- M represents a metal element of Groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table.
- Specific examples include titanium, zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, palladium, and lanthanoid metals.
- the metal elements of Group 4 of the periodic table are preferable from the viewpoint of olefin polymerization activity, etc.
- titanium, zirconium and hafnium are preferable, and zirconium is the most preferable from the viewpoint of the yield of the terminal vinylidene group and the catalytic activity. Is preferred.
- X is a ⁇ -binding ligand.
- the plurality of X may be the same or different and may be cross-linked with other X, E, or Y.
- Specific examples of X include a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an amide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
- Examples thereof include a silicon-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phosphide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a sulfide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom examples include a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, octyl group; vinyl group, propenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, etc.
- An arylalkyl group such as benzyl group, phenylethyl group, phenylpropyl group; phenyl group, tolyl group, dimethylphenyl group, trimethylphenyl group, ethylphenyl group, propylphenyl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group, methylnaphthyl group Group, anthracenyl group, aryl group such as phenanthonyl group, and the like.
- alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, and propyl group
- aryl groups such as phenyl group are preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkoxy groups such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and a butoxy group.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenoxy group, methylphenoxy group, and dimethylphenoxy group.
- Examples of the amide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include dimethylamide group, diethylamide group, dipropylamide group, dibutylamide group, dicyclohexylamide group, methylethylamide group, and other alkylamide groups, divinylamide group, and dipropenylamide group.
- Alkenylamide groups such as dicyclohexenylamide group; arylalkylamide groups such as dibenzylamide group, phenylethylamide group and phenylpropylamide group; arylamide groups such as diphenylamide group and dinaphthylamide group.
- Examples of the silicon-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include monohydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups such as methylsilyl group and phenylsilyl group; dihydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups such as dimethylsilyl group and diphenylsilyl group; trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, Trihydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups such as tripropylsilyl group, tricyclohexylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, dimethylphenylsilyl group, methyldiphenylsilyl group, tolylsilylsilyl group and trinaphthylsilyl group; hydrocarbons such as trimethylsilyl ether group A substituted silyl ether group; a silicon-substituted alkyl group such as a trimethylsilylmethyl group; a silicon-substituted aryl group such as a tri
- Examples of the phosphide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include dimethyl phosphide group, diethyl phosphide group, dipropyl phosphide group, dibutyl phosphide group, dicyclohexyl phosphide group, and dioctyl phosphide group;
- An alkenyl phosphide group such as a fido group, a dipropenyl phosphide group and a dicyclohexenyl phosphide group; an arylalkyl phosphide group such as a dibenzyl phosphide group and a bis (phenylethylphenyl) phosphide group; a diphenyl phosphide group and a di Aryl phosphide groups such as a tolyl phosphide group and a dinaphthyl phosphide group can be mentioned.
- Examples of the sulfide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkyl sulfide groups such as methyl sulfide group, ethyl sulfide group, propyl sulfide group, butyl sulfide group, hexyl sulfide group, cyclohexyl sulfide group, octyl sulfide group; vinyl sulfide group, propenyl sulfide Group, alkenyl sulfide group such as cyclohexenyl sulfide group; arylalkyl sulfide group such as benzyl sulfide group, phenylethyl sulfide group, phenylpropyl sulfide group; phenyl sulfide group, tolyl sulfide group, dimethylphenyl sulfide group, trimethylphenyl sulfide group, E
- acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, valeryl group, palmitoyl group, thearoyl group, oleoyl group and other alkyl acyl groups, benzoyl group, toluoyl group, salicyloyl group, Examples thereof include arylacyl groups such as cinnamoyl group, naphthoyl group and phthaloyl group, and oxalyl group, malonyl group and succinyl group respectively derived from dicarboxylic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid and succinic acid.
- Y represents a Lewis base, and when there are a plurality of Y, the plurality of Y may be the same or different. It may be cross-linked with other Y, E or X.
- Y include amines, ethers, phosphines, thioethers and the like.
- the amine include amines having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and specifically include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, cyclohexylamine, methylethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, and dicyclohexylamine.
- Alkylamines such as methylethylamine; alkenylamines such as vinylamine, propenylamine, cyclohexenylamine, divinylamine, dipropenylamine, dicyclohexenylamine; arylalkylamines such as phenylamine, phenylethylamine, phenylpropylamine; An arylamine such as naphthylamine can be mentioned.
- ethers include aliphatic single ether compounds such as methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, isobutyl ether, n-amyl ether, and isoamyl ether; methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, Aliphatic hybrid ether compounds such as methyl-n-amyl ether, methyl isoamyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl isopropyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, ethyl n-amyl ether, ethyl isoamyl ether; vinyl ether, allyl ether, methyl Aliphatic unsaturated ether compounds such as vinyl ether, methyl allyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, ethy
- phosphines include phosphines having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples include monohydrocarbon-substituted phosphines such as methylphosphine, ethylphosphine, propylphosphine, butylphosphine, hexylphosphine, cyclohexylphosphine, and octylphosphine; dimethylphosphine, diethylphosphine, dipropylphosphine, dibutylphosphine, dihexylphosphine, dicyclohexyl Dihydrocarbon-substituted phosphines such as phosphine and dioctylphosphine; alkyl phosphines such as trihydrocarbon-substituted phosphines such as trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, tripropylphosphine, tribu
- a 1 and A 2 represent crosslinking groups represented by the following formulas (IIa) and (IIb), respectively, and A 1 and A 2 are different groups.
- a and A ′ each represent a group selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, and a tin-containing group; Each n is an integer of 2 or more.
- Z and Z ′ are each a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom or a tin atom, and R 11 , R 12 , R 11 ′ and R 12 ′ are a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, Represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a nitrogen-containing group, a silicon-containing group or a halogen-containing group.
- Z and Z ′ are each a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom or a tin atom
- R 11 , R 12 , R 11 ′ and R 12 ′ are a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, Represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a nitrogen-containing group, a silicon-containing group or a halogen-containing group.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of the formulas (IIIa) and (IIIb) include the alkyl groups exemplified for X in the above formula (I). As an aromatic hydrocarbon group, the aryl group etc. which were illustrated by X of the said formula (I) are mentioned.
- Examples of the nitrogen-containing group include amide groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms exemplified by X in the above formula (I).
- Examples of the silicon-containing group include silicon-containing groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms exemplified by X in the above formula (I).
- Examples of the halogen-containing group include groups in which the above groups are substituted with halogen.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 11 ′ and R 12 ′ are preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group or a trimethylsilyl group.
- crosslinking groups A 1 and A 2 include an ethylene group, a tetramethylethylene group, a tetramethyldisiylene group, a tetramethyldiggermylene group, and the like.
- an ethylene group and a tetramethyldisilylene group are preferable from the viewpoint of higher polymerization activity.
- M and n are each an integer of 2 or more, preferably an integer of 2 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 3.
- Q is an integer of 1 to 5 and represents [(M valence) -2], and r represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- E is a group represented by the following formula (IIc), and two E may be the same or different.
- R 1 to R 5 each contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a hetero atom-containing group. Indicates a group.
- a bond having a wavy line represents a bond with the bridging groups A 1 and A 2 .
- Two E's form a crosslinked structure via A 1 and A 2 .
- halogen atom of the formula (IIc), the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the silicon-containing group include the same examples as those of X described above.
- halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a chloromethyl group, a 2-chloroethyl group, a fluoromethyl group, a 2-fluoroethyl group, and a 4-fluorobutyl group.
- hetero atom-containing group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a butoxy group, an amino group, a dimethylamino group, an aminoethyl group, and a methylthio group.
- transition metal compounds represented by the above formula (I) transition metal compounds represented by the following formula (IV) are preferable.
- the indene ring in the basic skeleton has a meso-type structure having “1,1′-” and “2,2′-” bridge structures.
- X 1 represents a ⁇ -bonding ligand, and when plural X 1, a plurality of X 1 may be the same or different, may be crosslinked with other X 1 or Y 1. Specific examples of X 1 include the same as those exemplified for X in formula (I).
- Y 1 represents a Lewis base, if Y 1 is plural, Y 1 may be the same or different, may be crosslinked with other Y 1 or X 1. Specific examples of Y 1 include the same examples as those exemplified for Y in formula (I).
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a heteroatom-containing group. R may be the same or different from each other.
- transition metal compound represented by the formula (I) include (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-tetramethyldisilene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1′-tetra Methyldisilylene) (2,2′-ethylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1′-tetramethylethylene) (2,2′-tetramethyldisilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, ( 1,1'-tetramethyldisiylene) (2,2'-tetramethylethylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1'-dimethylethylenesilylene methylene) (2,2'-ethylene) -bis ( 3-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-dimethylethylenesilylmethylene) -bis (3 Methylindenyl)
- the transition metal compound of the present invention can be synthesized with reference to known metallocene catalyst synthesis methods. For example, it can be synthesized with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-308893 and the synthesis method of this embodiment.
- the transition metal compound (A) of the present invention includes at least one of the following compounds (B-1) and (B-2) (B), and an organoaluminum compound (C ) Is used as an olefin polymerization catalyst.
- B-1) Compound capable of reacting with transition metal compound (A) or a derivative thereof to form an ionic complex
- B-2 Aluminoxane
- any compound can be used as long as it can react with the transition metal compound of the component (A) to form an ionic complex.
- What is represented by (VI) can be used conveniently. ([L 1 ⁇ R 13 ] k + ) a ([Z] ⁇ ) b (V) ([L 2 ] k + ) a ([Z] ⁇ ) b (VI) (However, L 2 is M 2, R 14 R 15 M 3, R 16 3 C or R 17 M 3.)
- L 1 is a Lewis base
- [Z] ⁇ is a non-coordinating anion [Z 1 ] ⁇ or [Z 2 ] ⁇ .
- [Z 1 ] ⁇ is an anion in which a plurality of groups are bonded to the element, that is, [M 1 G 1 G 2 ... G f ] ⁇
- M 1 is a group 5-15 element in the periodic table, Preferably, it represents a group 13 to 15 element in the periodic table
- G 1 to G f are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, or 1 to carbon atoms.
- [Z 2] - is defined as the conjugate base or general superacid, the logarithm of the reciprocal of the acid dissociation constant (pKa) combinations of -10 or less Bronsted acid alone or Bronsted acids and Lewis acids A conjugated salt of an acid is shown.
- a Lewis base may be coordinated.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group or an arylalkyl group.
- R 14 and R 15 each represent a cyclopentadienyl group, a substituted cyclopentadienyl group, an indenyl group or a fluorenyl group
- R 16 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group or an arylalkyl group.
- R 17 represents a macrocyclic ligand such as tetraphenylporphyrin or phthalocyanine.
- M 2 is a Group 1 to 3, 11 to 13 or 17 element of the periodic table
- M 3 is a Group 7 to 12 element of the periodic table.
- L 1 examples include ammonia, methylamine, aniline, dimethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylaniline, diphenylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, methyldiphenylamine, pyridine, p -Amines such as bromo-N, N-dimethylaniline, p-nitro-N, N-dimethylaniline, phosphines such as triethylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, diphenylphosphine, thioethers such as tetrahydrothiophene, ethyl benzoate, etc. And nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile.
- p -Amines such as bromo-N, N-dimethylaniline, p-nitro-N, N-dimethylaniline
- phosphines such as triethy
- R 13 include a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, benzyl group, and trityl group.
- R 14 and R 15 include a cyclopentadienyl group, methylcyclopentadi Examples thereof include an enyl group, an ethylcyclopentadienyl group, and a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group.
- R 16 include phenyl group, p-tolyl group, p-methoxyphenyl group, and specific examples of R 17 include tetraphenylporphyrin, phthalocyanine, allyl, methallyl, and the like. .
- M 2 examples include Li, Na, K, Ag, Cu, Br, I, I 3 and the like.
- M 3 examples include Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- [Z 1 ] ⁇ that is, [M 1 G 1 G 2 ... G f ]
- specific examples of M 1 include B, Al, Si, P, As, Sb, etc., preferably B and Al. .
- G 1 and G 2 to G f include dialkylamino groups such as dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, etc., alkoxy groups or aryloxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-butoxy group, phenoxy group, etc., hydrocarbons
- Noncoordinating anions i.e. pKa of -10 or less Bronsted acid alone or Bronsted acid and Lewis acid combined conjugate base [Z 2] -
- Examples of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anion (CF 3 SO 3 ) ⁇ bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methyl anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) benzyl anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide, perchlorate anion (ClO 4 ) ⁇ , trifluoroacetate anion (CF 3 CO 2 ) ⁇ , Hexafluoroantimony anion (SbF 6 ) ⁇ , fluorosulfonic acid anion (FSO 3 ) ⁇ , chlorosulfonic acid anion (ClSO 3 ) ⁇ , fluorosulfonic acid anion / 5-antimony fluoride (FSO 3 / SbF 5 ) -
- ionic compound that reacts with the transition metal compound (component (A)) of the present invention to form an ionic complex that is, the component compound (B-1) include triethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tetraphenylboric acid.
- Tri-n-butylammonium trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tetraethylammonium tetraphenylborate, methyl (tri-n-butyl) ammonium tetraphenylborate, benzyl (tri-n-butyl) ammonium tetraphenylborate, dimethyldiphenyl tetraphenylborate Ammonium, triphenyl (methyl) ammonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate, methylpyridinium tetraphenylborate, benzylpyridinium tetraphenylborate, tetraphenylborate Tyl (2-cyanopyridinium), tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) triethylammonium borate, tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) tri-n-but
- (B-1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the aluminoxane as the component (B-2) include a chain aluminoxane represented by the following formula (VII) or a cyclic aluminoxane represented by the formula (VIII).
- R 9 represents a hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, arylalkyl group or the like having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, and w represents an average degree of polymerization. Usually, it is an integer of 2 to 50, preferably 2 to 40. Note that each R 9 may be the same or different.
- Examples of the method for producing aluminoxane include a method in which an alkylaluminum is brought into contact with a condensing agent such as water, but the means is not particularly limited, and the reaction may be carried out according to a known method.
- the aluminoxane may be insoluble in toluene. These aluminoxanes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the proportion of the (A) component transition metal compound and the (B) component used is the molar ratio [(A) :( B-1)] when (B-1) is used as the (B) component. And preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1: 100, more preferably 2: 1 to 1:10. When deviating from the above range, the catalyst cost per unit mass polymer becomes high, which is not practical.
- the molar ratio [(A) :( B-2)] is preferably in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 1000000, more preferably 1:10 to 1: 10000. . When deviating from this range, the catalyst cost per unit mass polymer becomes high, which is not practical.
- the component (B), (B-1) and (B-2) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- organoaluminum compound (C) a compound represented by the following formula (IX) is used.
- R 10 v AlJ 3-v (IX) [Wherein R 10 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, J represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom, and v represents 1 to 3 carbon atoms. (It is an integer)
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (IX) include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, dimethylaluminum fluoride, diisobutyl.
- Aluminum hydride, diethylaluminum hydride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, etc. are mentioned.
- an organoaluminum compound to which a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms is bonded is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent high-temperature stability, and a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable from this viewpoint. More preferably, when the reaction temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the said organoaluminum compound may be used 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the use ratio of the component (A) to the component (C) is preferably 1: 1 to 1: 10000, more preferably 1: 5 to 1: 2000, and still more preferably in the molar ratio [(A) :( C)]. Is preferably in the range of 1:10 to 1: 1000.
- the component (C) the polymerization activity per transition metal can be improved. However, if it is too much, the organoaluminum compound (C) is wasted or the activity is decreased, and in the alpha olefin polymer. In a large amount, it is not preferable.
- the polymerization catalyst of the present invention can be used by supporting at least one catalyst component on a suitable carrier.
- a suitable carrier There is no restriction
- the inorganic oxide support examples include SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, ZnO, BaO, ThO 2 and mixtures thereof.
- examples thereof include silica alumina, zeolite, ferrite, glass fiber and the like.
- SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are particularly preferable.
- the inorganic oxide carrier may contain a small amount of carbonate, nitrate, sulfate and the like.
- a magnesium compound represented by a formula (MgR 21 x X 1 y ) represented by MgCl 2 , Mg (OC 2 H 5 ) 2 or the like, a complex salt thereof, or the like can be given.
- R 21 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms
- X 1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- x is 0 to 2
- y is 0 to 2
- x + y 2.
- Each R 21 and each X 1 may be the same or different.
- organic carrier examples include polymers such as polystyrene, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, polyethylene, poly 1-butene, substituted polystyrene, polyarylate, starch, carbon, and the like.
- MgCl 2 , MgCl (OC 2 H 5 ), Mg (OC 2 H 5 ) 2 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and the like are particularly preferable as the support.
- the properties of the carrier vary depending on the type and production method, but the average particle size is usually 1 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m. If the particle size is small, fine powder in the polymer increases, and if the particle size is large, coarse particles in the polymer increase, which causes a decrease in bulk density and clogging of the hopper.
- the specific surface area of the carrier is usually 1 to 1000 m 2 / g, preferably 50 to 500 m 2 / g, and the pore volume is usually 0.1 to 5 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 to 3 cm 3 / g. is there. When either the specific surface area or the pore volume deviates from the above range, the catalytic activity may be lowered.
- the specific surface area and pore volume can be determined, for example, from the volume of nitrogen gas adsorbed according to the BET method [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309 (1983)].
- the carrier is an inorganic oxide carrier
- at least one catalyst component is supported on a carrier
- the method for supporting at least one of the component (A) and the component (B) on the carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following methods.
- an organoaluminum compound as the component (C) is added. You can also.
- the catalyst thus obtained may be used for polymerization after removing the solvent once and taking out as a solid, or may be used for polymerization as it is.
- the operation of supporting the component (A) and the component (B) on at least one of the carriers can also be performed in the polymerization system.
- at least one of the component (A) and the component (B), a carrier, and the component (C) are added if necessary, and an olefin such as ethylene is added at normal pressure to 2 MPa (gauge), and the temperature is -20 to 200 ° C.
- Catalyst particles can be produced by prepolymerization for about 2 minutes to 2 hours.
- the ratio of the component (B-1) to the carrier used in the polymerization catalyst of the present invention is preferably 1: 5 to 1: 10000, more preferably 1:10 to mass ratio [(B-1): carrier]. 1: 500.
- the use ratio of the component (B-2) to the carrier is preferably 1: 0.5 to 1: 1000, more preferably 1: 1 to 1:50 in mass ratio [(B-2): carrier]. .
- the use ratio of the component (A) to the carrier is [(A): carrier] in a mass ratio, preferably 1: 5 to 1: 10000, more preferably 1:10 to 1: 500. If the ratio of component (B) [component (B-1) or component (B-2)] to the carrier and the proportion of component (A) to the carrier depart from the above ranges, the activity may decrease. is there.
- the average particle diameter of the polymerization catalyst thus prepared is usually 2 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m, and the specific surface area is usually 20 to 1000 m 2 / g, preferably 50-500 m 2 / g. If the average particle size is less than 2 ⁇ m, fine powder in the polymer may increase, and if it exceeds 200 ⁇ m, coarse particles in the polymer may increase. When the specific surface area is less than 20 m 2 / g, the activity may decrease, and when it exceeds 1000 m 2 / g, the bulk density of the polymer may decrease.
- the amount of transition metal in 100 g of the support is usually 0.05 to 10 g, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 2 g. If the amount of transition metal is outside the above range, the activity may be lowered. In this way, a polymer having an industrially advantageous high bulk density and an excellent particle size distribution can be obtained by supporting it on a carrier.
- an alpha olefin is polymerized using the above-described polymerization catalyst of the present invention.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and any method such as a slurry polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, and a suspension polymerization method may be used.
- a slurry polymerization method and a solution polymerization method are particularly preferable.
- the polymerization temperature is usually from 0 to 200 ° C., more preferably from 20 to 200 ° C., particularly preferably from 100 to 200 ° C.
- the catalyst is used in a molar ratio [raw material monomer / component (A)], preferably from 1 to 108, and particularly preferably from 100 to 105.
- the viscosity control of the alpha olefin polymer can be controlled by the reaction temperature, but it may be controlled by thermal decomposition and peroxide decomposition of a pre-synthesized high viscosity alpha olefin polymer.
- the polymerization time is usually 5 minutes to 30 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 25 hours.
- the hydrogen pressure is preferably normal pressure to 10 MPa (gauge), preferably normal pressure to 5.0 MPa (gauge). More preferably, the pressure is from normal pressure to 1.0 MPa (gauge).
- the larger the amount of hydrogen added the better the polymerization activity.
- the amount exceeds 10 MPa (G) the effect of improving the activity is small, and conversely, problems such as enlargement of production equipment occur.
- a polymerization solvent for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and decalin, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane, aliphatics such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane Hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane can be used. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, it can carry out without a solvent depending on the polymerization method.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and decalin
- alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane
- aliphatics such as pentane, hexane
- a polymerization catalyst may be prepared by prepolymerization.
- the prepolymerization can be performed, for example, by bringing a small amount of olefin into contact with the catalyst component, but the method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the olefin used for the prepolymerization is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof. It is advantageous to use the same olefin as that used in the polymerization.
- the prepolymerization include preparing a polymerization catalyst by previously contacting the (A) component, the (B) component, and an alpha olefin having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or the (A) component, the (B) component, ( C) Preparation of a polymerization catalyst by bringing the component and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 18 carbon atoms into contact with each other in advance.
- the prepolymerization temperature is usually ⁇ 20 to 200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 to 130 ° C., more preferably 0 to 80 ° C.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, monomers and the like can be used as solvents.
- the prepolymerization may be performed without a solvent.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (measured in 135 ° C. decalin) of the prepolymerized product is 0.1 deciliter / g or more, and the amount of the prepolymerized product per 1 mmol of the transition metal component in the catalyst is 1. It is desirable to adjust the conditions so as to be ⁇ 10000 g, particularly 10 to 1000 g.
- ⁇ Methods for changing the characteristics of the alpha olefin polymer include selection of the type of each catalyst component, amount used, polymerization temperature, and polymerization in the presence of hydrogen.
- An inert gas such as nitrogen may be present.
- Example 1 Magnesium (12 grams, 500 millimoles) and tetrahydrofuran (30 milliliters) were charged into a 500 milliliter two-necked flask, and 1,2-dibromoethane (0.2 milliliters) was added dropwise to activate the magnesium. To this was added dropwise 2-bromoindene (20 grams, 103 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (150 milliliters), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, 1,2-dichlorotetramethyldisilane (9.4 ml, 5.1 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ° C.
- n-butyllithium (2.6 mol / liter, 32 ml, 84 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to precipitate a white powder. The supernatant was removed, and the solid was washed with hexane (70 ml) to give a lithium salt of the bi-bridged ligand as a white powder (14.0 grams, 31 mmol, 81% yield).
- Example 3 An alpha olefin polymer was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polymerization was performed at a polymerization temperature of 110 ° C. for 2 hours. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 An alpha olefin polymer was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the polymerization was conducted at 90 ° C. for 6 hours. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 In a 1 L autoclave that had been heat-dried, 400 ml of a mixture of ⁇ -olefins having 26 and 28 carbon atoms (C26: 56.9 wt%, C28: 39.4 wt%), 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, N, N -Add 8 micromoles of dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, 2 micromoles of (1,1'-ethylene) (2,2'-tetramethyldisylylene) bisindenylzirconium dichloride, and add 0.15 MPa of hydrogen Then, polymerization was performed at a polymerization temperature of 110 ° C. for 1 hour. After completion of the polymerization reaction, the reaction product was precipitated with ethanol, and then dried under heating and reduced pressure to obtain an alpha olefin polymer. Table 1 shows the physical property measurement results of the obtained polymer.
- Comparative Example 2 An alpha olefin polymer was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that polymerization was performed at a polymerization temperature of 110 ° C. for 2 hours. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the alpha olefin polymer of the present invention is useful for lubricant base materials, viscosity index improvers, antiwear agents, friction modifiers, and release agents for inks, paints, emulsions, and toners.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、非特許文献1にはラセミ型メタロセン錯体では反応温度を上げると分子量が低くなることが記載されている。また、得られる重合体の立体規則性も高い。
特許文献3には、メソ型メタロセン錯体を使用し、65℃で反応させたアルファオレフィン重合体の製造例が記載されている。この製造例では、比較的低温での反応にもかかわらず、高粘度の重合体は得られていない。
1.下記(A)~(D)を満たすアルファオレフィン重合体。
(A)立体規則性指標[mm]の範囲が10~50mol%
(B)100℃動粘度の範囲が200~10,000mm2/s
(C)2量体及び3量体成分の割合が2質量%未満
(D)平均炭素数が4~30
2.非晶質であり、さらに、下記(E)~(G)を満たす1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体。
(E)流動点が-15℃以下
(F)粘度指数が150以上
(G)平均炭素数が4~15
3.結晶性であり、さらに、下記(H)及び(I)を満たす1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体。
(H)示差走査型熱量計(DSC)による融点(Tm)測定において得られる融解ピークが20~100℃の間で1つであり、該融解ピークの面積から計算される融解吸熱量(ΔH)が20J/g以上、かつ半値幅が10℃以下である。
(I)平均炭素数が16~30
4.下記式(I)で表されるメソ型の遷移金属化合物。
qは1~5の整数で〔(Mの原子価)-2〕を示し、rは0~3の整数を示す。Eは、下記式(IIc)で表される基であって、2つのEは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
5.前記式(IIa)及び(IIb)のA及びA’が、それぞれ下記式(IIIa)及び(IIIb)で表される基である4に記載の遷移金属化合物。
6.上記4又は5に記載の遷移金属化合物(A)と、下記(B-1)及び(B-2)の少なくとも一方の化合物(B)と、有機アルミニウム化合物(C)と、を含有する重合用触媒。
(B-1)前記遷移金属化合物(A)又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物
(B-2)アルミノキサン
7.前記アルミノキサン(B-2)が、下記式(VII)又は式(VIII)である6に記載の重合用触媒。
8.上記6又は7に記載の重合用触媒を使用して、アルファオレフィンを重合させる、1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
9.重合用触媒の成分である前記遷移金属化合物(A)、前記化合物(B)及び前記有機アルミニウム化合物(C)を予め接触させて得た重合用触媒を使用する、8に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
10.重合用触媒の成分である前記遷移金属化合物(A)、前記化合物(B)、及び前記有機アルミニウム化合物(C)と、炭素数3~18のアルファオレフィンを予め接触させて得た重合用触媒を使用する、8に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
11.反応温度が80~200℃である8~10のいずれかに記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
12.反応時の水素圧が、常圧~10MPa(G)である8~11のいずれかに記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
13.上記8~12のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られる、1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体。
高温で重合できることにより、高粘度の重合物が生成しても反応器内での粘度が下がるため、流動性が良くなり、序熱効率が良くなることから生産性向上が期待できる。また、本発明の錯体は重合体の不飽和量を低く抑えることができるため、水添工程への負荷を減らすことが期待できる。
また、触媒残渣を低減できる。さらに、重合時に水素を導入することで飽和構造の重合体が得られるため、水添工程を省略出来る可能性があり、さらなる低コスト化が期待できる。
本発明のアルファオレフィン重合体は、立体規則性が低く、かつ2量体成分及び3量体成分が少ない重合体である。
(A)立体規則性指標[mm]の範囲が10~50mol%
(B)100℃動粘度の範囲が200~10,000mm2/s
(C)2量体及び3量体成分の割合が2%未満
(D)平均炭素数が4~30
以下、各要件について説明する。
本発明のアルファオレフィン重合体は、[mm]が10~50mol%である。好ましくは25~50mol%であり、より好ましくは30~40mol%である。[mm]が50mol%超であると、低温特性に劣る。一方、10mol%以上であると、低温特性の点でより好ましい。
[mm]は、13C-NMRで測定できる。
[mm]は、重合触媒、重合温度、圧力、モノマー濃度等により制御できる。
本発明のアルファオレフィン重合体は、JISK2283に準拠して測定した100℃動粘度が200~10000mm2/sである。100℃動粘度は、用途により適宜調整することが好ましい。
例えば、潤滑油の場合、100℃動粘度は500~2000mm2/sが好ましい。100℃動粘度が500mm2/s以上であると、潤滑油成分として使用した場合の耐久性等が十分となる。一方、2,000mm2/s以下であると省エネルギー性等が十分となる。
潤滑油添加剤としては100℃動粘度が2000~10000mm2/sが好ましい。100℃動粘度が2000mm2/s以上であると、潤滑油に添加した場合の効果(粘度指数向上能)が十分となる。一方、10000mm2/sを超えると流動性が悪く作業性が劣る。
機能性ワックスとしては100℃動粘度が200~10000mm2/sであることが好ましく、250~5000mm2/sであるとより好ましい。200mm2/s未満であるとべたつき等が発生し、10,000を超えると粘度が高すぎるため、溶解性が悪くなり、作業性が劣る。
本発明のアルファオレフィン重合体は、2量体及び3量体の成分の割合が2質量%未満である。さらに、1.9質量%未満であることが好ましい。本規定を満たすことで、本発明の重合体は2量体成分及び3量体成分の量が低く、分子量分布値が小さく、均一な組成に近くなり、目的とする粘度領域の重合体を得ることができる。また、性能低下成分がほとんどないため、ワックスや潤滑油成分として有用となる。
3量体以下の成分の割合が2質量%以上である場合、2量体及び3量体成分が多量に生成している状態であり、製造後に精製処理を施しても目的の用途に適する重合体が得られない場合がある。また、生産性の低下や廃棄物の増加による環境悪化の問題がある。
また、上記割合は、重合触媒、重合温度、水素圧、触媒の構成成分等により制御できる。
本発明のアルファオレフィン重合体は、原料であるアルファオレフィンの平均炭素数が4~30である。例えば、潤滑油用途の場合、4~15であることが好ましく、特に、6~12が好ましい。また、機能性ワックス用途の場合、平均炭素数が16~30であることが好ましく、特に、18~28が好ましい。平均炭素数が4より小さいと、得られる重合体がポリエチレンやポリプロピレンに類似するものとなり、液状重合体とならないため、潤滑油用途には適用は難しい。一方、30を超えると、モノマーが固体であることから、作業性に劣る。
尚、炭素数4以上のαオレフィン単位が、100mol%であることが好ましい。
A:0.9ppmに現れる積分値
B:1.2ppmに現れる積分値
[{AとBの積分値の比(B/A)×3}-3]/2より側鎖の炭素数の数を算出できる。得られた側鎖の炭素数+3=平均炭素数となる。
尚、上記平均炭素数は、重合に用いる原料モノマーとその比率が分かる場合、重合に用いる原料モノマーとその比率により計算して求めることもできる。NMRで測定した結果と同じになる。
平均炭素数は、原料であるアルファオレフィンの炭素数及び仕込量を調整することにより制御できる。例えば、炭素数16以上のαオレフィンを使用する場合、炭素数4~12のアルファオレフィンと共重合させることにより、平均炭素数を5~24の範囲にすることができる。
(E)流動点が-15℃以下
(F)粘度指数が150以上
(G)平均炭素数が4~15
上記要件を満たすアルファオレフィン重合体は、潤滑油用途としては好ましい。
尚、本願において「非晶質」とは、融点が存在しないこと、ガラス転移温度のみ存在すること、透明性を有すること、冷却固化時の容積変化が少ない等、一般的に非晶質である場合に現れる特性を有する場合を意味する。
以下、上記要件について説明する。
本形態のアルファオレフィン重合体は、流動点が-15℃以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは-20℃以下であり、特に好ましくは-30℃以下である。流動点は低ければ低いほど好ましく、-15℃より高いと、低温特性が悪くなる。
尚、流動点はJIS K 2269に準拠して測定する。
また、流動点は、平均炭素数、重合温度等により制御できる。
本形態のアルファオレフィン重合体は、粘度指数が150以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは170以上である。粘度指数は高ければ高いほど好ましく、150より低いと、低温始動性が悪くなる。高粘度指数ほど温度依存性は低くなり潤滑油として好ましい。
尚、粘度指数は、動粘度からJIS K 2283に準拠して求める。
また、粘度指数は、動粘度から算出するため、動粘度を制御すること制御できる。
本形態のアルファオレフィン重合体は、平均炭素数が4~15であることが好ましく、特に、6~12が好ましい。この範囲が潤滑油用途として好適である。
(H)示差走査型熱量計(DSC)による融点(Tm)測定において得られる融解ピークが20~100℃の間で1つであり、該融解ピークの面積から計算される融解吸熱量(ΔH)が20J/g以上であり、かつ半値幅が10℃以下である。
(I)平均炭素数が16~30
上記要件を満たす本形態のアルファオレフィン重合体は、機能性ワックス用途として好適である。
尚、本願において「結晶性」とは、ガラス転移温度や融点が存在すること、透明にはなりにくいこと、結晶化に伴う容積変化が生じる等、一般的に結晶性である場合に現れる特性を有する場合を意味する。
以下、上記要件について説明する。
本形態のアルファオレフィン重合体では、示差走査型熱量計(DSC)による融点(Tm)測定において観測される融解ピークが20~100℃の間で1つである。本願においては、融点を測定する昇温過程にて観測される融解ピークは1つである。ピークが1つであることは、他のピークやショルダーと見られる吸収が無いことを意味する。融解ピークが20~100℃の間で1つであることにより、所望の温度でシャープに融解するように制御できるようになる。
ΔHは、軟質の程度を表す指標であり、この値が大きくなると弾性率が高く、軟質性が低下していることを意味する。ΔHは、好ましくは20~250J/g、より好ましくは30~200J/gである。ΔHが20J/g以上であることにより、弾性率が高く、軟質性が低いため、機能性ワックス用途に適している。
本形態のアルファオレフィン重合体は、平均炭素数が16~30であることが好ましく、特に、18~28が好ましい。この範囲が機能性ワックス用途として好適である。融点を示すような重合体を得るには、平均炭素数が16以上であることが好ましい。
原料オレフィンとしては、公知のアルファオレフィンを使用できる。原料オレフィンは1種単独であってもよく、2種以上を混合してもよい。上述した平均炭素数が4~30となるように、原料オレフィンの仕込比を調整すればよい。
例えば、潤滑油用途として平均炭素数を4~15に調整する場合、上記炭素数を満たすアルファオレフィンを使用して重合してもよく、また、炭素数16以上のアルファオレフィンと炭素数12以下のアルファオレフィンと共重合させることにより、平均炭素数を調整してもよい。
炭素数1~20の炭化水素基として具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、シクロヘキシル基、オクチル基等のアルキル基;ビニル基、プロペニル基、シクロヘキセニル基等のアルケニル基;ベンジル基、フェニルエチル基、フェニルプロピル基等のアリールアルキル基;フェニル基、トリル基、ジメチルフェニル基、トリメチルフェニル基、エチルフェニル基、プロピルフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ナフチル基、メチルナフチル基、アントラセニル基、フェナントニル基等のアリール基等が挙げられる。なかでもメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基等のアルキル基やフェニル基等のアリール基が好ましい。
アミンとしては、炭素数1~20のアミンが挙げられ、具体的には、メチルアミン、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、メチルエチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、ジブチルアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、メチルエチルアミン等のアルキルアミン;ビニルアミン、プロペニルアミン、シクロヘキセニルアミン、ジビニルアミン、ジプロペニルアミン、ジシクロヘキセニルアミン等のアルケニルアミン;フェニルアミン、フェニルエチルアミン、フェニルプロピルアミン等のアリールアルキルアミン;ジフェニルアミン、ジナフチルアミン等のアリールアミンが挙げられる。
チオエーテル類としては、Xで例示したスルフィドが挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素基としては、上記式(I)のXで例示した、アリール基等が挙げられる。
窒素含有基としては、上記式(I)のXで例示した、炭素数1~20のアミド基等が挙げられる。
珪素含有基としては、上記式(I)のXで例示した、炭素数1~20の珪素含有基等が挙げられる。
ハロゲン含有基としては、上記各基をハロゲンで置換した基が挙げられる。
R11、R12、R11’及びR12’は、好ましくは、水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基、トリメチルシリル基である。
2つのEは、A1及びA2を介して架橋構造を形成している。
炭素数1~4のハロゲン含有炭化水素基としては、クロロメチル基、2-クロロエチル基、フルオロメチル基、2-フルオロエチル基、4-フルオロブチル基等が挙げられる。
ヘテロ原子含有基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、ブトキシ基、アミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基、アミノエチル基、メチルチオ基等が挙げられる。
(B-1)遷移金属化合物(A)又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物
(B-2)アルミノキサン
(〔L1-R13〕k+)a(〔Z〕-)b・・・(V)
(〔L2〕k+)a(〔Z〕-)b・・・(VI)
(但し、L2はM2、R14R15M3、R16 3C又はR17M3である。)
R13は水素原子,炭素数1~20のアルキル基,炭素数6~20のアリール基,アルキルアリール基又はアリールアルキル基を示す。
R14及びR15はそれぞれシクロペンタジエニル基,置換シクロペンタジエニル基,インデニル基又はフルオレニル基、R16は炭素数1~20のアルキル基,アリール基,アルキルアリール基又はアリールアルキル基を示す。
R17はテトラフェニルポルフィリン,フタロシアニン等の大環状配位子を示す。
kは〔L1-R13〕,〔L2〕のイオン価数で1~3の整数、aは1以上の整数、b=(k×a)である。M2は、周期律表第1~3、11~13、17族元素であり、M3は、周期律表第7~12族元素を示す。
R16の具体例としては、フェニル基,p-トリル基,p-メトキシフェニル基等を挙げることができ、R17の具体例としてはテトラフェニルポルフィリン,フタロシアニン,アリル,メタリル等を挙げることができる。
〔Z1〕-、即ち〔M1G1G2・・・Gf〕において、M1の具体例としてはB,Al,Si,P,As,Sb等、好ましくはB及びAlが挙げられる。
G1,G2~Gfの具体例としては、ジアルキルアミノ基としてジメチルアミノ基,ジエチルアミノ基等、アルコキシ基若しくはアリールオキシ基としてメトキシ基,エトキシ基,n-ブトキシ基,フェノキシ基等、炭化水素基としてメチル基,エチル基,n-プロピル基,イソプロピル基,n-ブチル基,イソブチル基,n-オクチル基,n-エイコシル基,フェニル基,p-トリル基,ベンジル基,4-t-ブチルフェニル基,3,5-ジメチルフェニル基等、ハロゲン原子としてフッ素,塩素,臭素,ヨウ素,ヘテロ原子含有炭化水素基としてp-フルオロフェニル基,3,5-ジフルオロフェニル基,ペンタクロロフェニル基,3,4,5-トリフルオロフェニル基,ペンタフルオロフェニル基,3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基,ビス(トリメチルシリル)メチル基等、有機メタロイド基としてペンタメチルアンチモン基、トリメチルシリル基,トリメチルゲルミル基,ジフェニルアルシン基,ジシクロヘキシルアンチモン基,ジフェニル硼素等が挙げられる。
(B-2)を用いた場合には、モル比[(A):(B-2)]で好ましくは1:1~1:1000000、より好ましくは1:10~1:10000の範囲が望ましい。この範囲を逸脱する場合は単位質量ポリマーあたりの触媒コストが高くなり、実用的でない。
尚、(B)成分としては(B-1)と(B-2)をそれぞれ単独で使用してもよく、また、2種以上組み合わせて用いることもできる。
R10 vAlJ3-v (IX)
〔式中、R10は炭素数1~10のアルキル基、Jは水素原子、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~20のアリール基又はハロゲン原子を示し、vは1~3の整数である〕
一方、上記以外の担体として、MgCl2,Mg(OC2H5)2等で代表される式(MgR21 xX1 y)で表されるマグネシウム化合物やその錯塩等を挙げることができる。
ここで、R21は炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基又は炭素数6~20のアリール基、X1はハロゲン原子又は炭素数1~20のアルキル基を示し、xは0~2、yは0~2でり、かつx+y=2である。各R21及び各X1はそれぞれ同一でもよく、又異なってもいてもよい。
また、担体の比表面積は、通常1~1000m2/g、好ましくは50~500m2/g、細孔容積は通常0.1~5cm3/g、好ましくは0.3~3cm3/gである。
比表面積又は細孔容積の何れかが上記範囲を逸脱すると、触媒活性が低下することがある。尚比表面積及び細孔容積は、例えば、BET法に従って吸着された窒素ガスの体積から求めることができる〔J.Am.Chem.Soc.、60,309(1983)参照〕。
担体に、(A)成分及び(B)成分の少なくとも一方を担持させる方法については、特に制限されないが、例えば、下記方法が挙げられる。
(1)(A)成分及び(B)成分の少なくとも一方と担体とを混合する方法(2)担体を有機アルミニウム化合物又はハロゲン含有ケイ素化合物で処理した後、不活性溶媒中で(A)成分及び(B)成分の少なくとも一方と混合する方法
(3)担体と(A)成分及び/又は(B)成分と有機アルミニウム化合物又はハロゲン含有ケイ素化合物とを反応させる方法
(4)(A)成分又は(B)成分を担体に担持させた後、(B)成分又は(A)成分と混合する方法
(5)(A)成分と(B)成分との接触反応物を担体と混合する方法
(6)(A)成分と(B)成分との接触反応に際して、担体を共存させる方法
尚、上記(4)、(5)及び(6)の方法において、(C)成分の有機アルミニウム化合物を添加することもできる。
このようにして得られた触媒は、いったん溶媒留去を行って固体として取り出してから重合に用いてもよいし、そのまま重合に用いてもよい。
(B)成分として2種以上を混合して用いる場合は、各(B)成分と担体との使用割合が質量比で上記範囲内にあることが望ましい。
(A)成分と担体との使用割合は、質量比で[(A):担体]、好ましくは1:5~1:10000、より好ましくは1:10~1:500とする。
(B)成分〔(B-1)成分又は(B-2)成分〕と担体との使用割合、及び(A)成分と担体との使用割合が上記範囲を逸脱すると、活性が低下することがある。
反応原料に対する触媒の使用割合は、モル比[原料モノマー/(A)成分]で、好ましくは1~108であり、特に100~105が好ましい。
本発明のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法において、水素を添加すると重合活性が大幅に向上するので好ましい。水素圧力は好ましくは常圧~10MPa(gauge)、好ましくは常圧~5.0MPa(gauge)である。さらに好ましくは常圧~1.0MPa(gauge)である。水素添加量が大きいほど重合活性は向上するが、10MPa(G)を超えると活性向上の効果は少なく、逆に製造設備の巨大化等不具合が生じる。
予備重合の具体例としては、(A)成分、(B)成分及び炭素数3~18のアルファオレフィンを予め接触させて重合用触媒を調製したり、(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分及び炭素数3~18のαオレフィンを予め接触させて重合用触媒を調製することが挙げられる。予備重合温度は、通常-20~200℃、好ましくは-10~130℃、より好ましくは0~80℃である。予備重合においては、溶媒として、脂肪族炭化水素,芳香族炭化水素,モノマー等を用いることができる。尚、予備重合は無溶媒で行ってもよい。
予備重合においては、予備重合生成物の極限粘度〔η〕(135℃デカリン中で測定)が0.1デシリットル/g以上、触媒中の遷移金属成分1ミリモル当たりに対する予備重合生成物の量が1~10000g、特に10~1000gとなるように条件を調整することが望ましい。
実施例1
500ミリリットル2口フラスコにマグネシウム(12グラム,500ミリモル)及びテトラヒドロフラン(30ミリリットル)を投入し、1,2-ジブロモエタン(0.2ミリリットル)を滴下することでマグネシウムを活性化した。ここへテトラヒドロフラン(150ミリリットル)に溶解させた2-ブロモインデン(20グラム,103ミリモル)を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した。その後、1,2-ジクロロテトラメチルジシラン(9.4ミリリットル,5.1ミリモル)を0℃で滴下した。反応混合物を室温で1時間攪拌した後、溶媒を留去し、残渣をヘキサン(150ミリリットル×2)で抽出し、1,2-ジ(1H-インデン-2-イル)-1,1,2,2-テトラメチルジシランを白色固体として得た(15.4グラム,44.4ミリモル,収率86%)。
これをジエチルエーテル(100ミリリットル)に溶解し、0℃でn-ブチルリチウム(2.6モル/リットル,38ミリリットル,98ミリモル)を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌したところ白色粉末が沈殿した。上澄みを除去し、固体をヘキサン(80ミリリットル)で洗浄して、リチウム塩を白色粉末状固体として得た(14.6グラム,33.8ミリモル,76%)。
これをテトラヒドロフラン(120ミリリットル)に溶解させ、-30℃で1,2‐ジブロモエタン(2.88ミリリットル,33.8ミリモル)を滴下した。反応混合物を室温で1時間攪拌した後、乾固し、残渣をヘキサン(150ミリリットル)で抽出することにより2架橋配位子を無色オイル状液体として得た(14.2グラム,37.9ミリモル)。
これをジエチルエーテル(120ミリリットル)に溶解させ、0℃でn-ブチルリチウム(2.6モル/リットル,32ミリリットル,84ミリモル)を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌したところ白色粉末が沈殿した。上澄みを除去し、固体をヘキサン(70ミリリットル)で洗浄することにより2架橋配位子のリチウム塩を白色粉末として得た(14.0グラム,31ミリモル,収率81%)。
・1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ0.617(s,6H,-SiMe2-),0.623(s,6H,-SiMe2-),3.65-3.74,4.05-4.15(m,4H,CH2CH2),6.79(s,2H,CpH),7.0-7.5(m,8H,Aromatic-H)
実施例2
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン(C10=)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、メチルアルミノキサン2ミリモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-テトラメチルジシリレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.05MPa導入し、重合温度50℃にて5時間重合した。
重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
重合温度110℃にて2時間重合した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてアルファオレフィン重合体を製造し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン(C10=)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、N,N-ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート8マイクロモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-テトラメチルジシリレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.05MPa導入し、重合温度50℃にて5時間重合した。
重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。
得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
重合温度90℃にて6時間重合した以外は、実施例4と同様にしてアルファオレフィン重合体を製造し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-オクタデセン(C18=)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、N,N-ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート8マイクロモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-テトラメチルジシリレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.15MPa導入し、重合温度90℃にて1時間重合した。
重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
熱乾燥させた1Lのオートクレーブに、炭素数26と28からなるα-オレフィンの混合物(C26:56.9質量%、C28:39.4質量%)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、N,N-ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート8マイクロモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-テトラメチルジシリレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.15MPa導入し、重合温度110℃にて1時間重合した。
重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-ドデセン(C12=)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、N,N-ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート8マイクロモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-テトラメチルジシリレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.05MPa導入し、重合温度50℃にて6時間重合した。
重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン(C10=)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、メチルアルミノキサン2ミリモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-エチレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.05MPa導入し、重合温度50℃にて5時間重合した。重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
重合温度110℃にて2時間重合した以外は比較例1と同様にして、アルファオレフィン重合体を製造し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン(C10=)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、メチルアルミノキサン2ミリモル、(1,1’-イソプロピリデン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.05MPa導入し、重合温度50℃にて5時間重合した。
重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン(C10=)400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、N,N-ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート8マイクロモル、(1,1’-イソプロピリデン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)ビスインデニルジルコニウムジクロライド2マイクロモルを加え、さらに水素0.05MPa導入し、重合温度50℃にて5時間重合した。重合反応終了後、反応物をエタノールにて沈殿させた後、加熱、減圧下、乾燥することにより、アルファオレフィン重合体を得た。得られた重合体の物性測定結果を表1に示す。
(1)転化率
ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)にて評価した。
カラム:HT-SIMDISTCB(5m×0.53mmφ,膜厚:0.17μm)
カラム温度:50℃(0.1min)、20℃/minで430℃まで上昇、430℃(15min)
注入口(COC)温度:オーブントラック
検出器(FID)温度:440℃
キャリアガス:He
線速度:40cm/sec
モード:コンスタントフロー
注入量:0.5μl
[Macromolecules24,2334(1991);Polymer,30,1350(1989)]に記載の方法により13C-NMRを用いて求めた。
(3)2量体及び3量体成分量
試料0.05gをトルエン5ミリリットルに溶解してガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)測定にて決定した。
(4)流動点
JIS K 2269に準拠し測定した。
(5)100℃動粘度及び粘度指数
動粘度は、JIS K 2283に準拠し測定した。粘度指数は、動粘度より、JIS K 2283に準拠し計算して求めた。
示差走査型熱量計(パーキン・エルマー社製、DSC-7)により測定した。試料10mgを窒素雰囲気下、-10℃で5分間保持した後、120℃まで10℃/分で昇温させることにより得られた融解吸熱カーブの最も高温側に観測されるピークのピークトップが融点(Tm)であり、融点(Tm)の測定において得られる融解ピークの面積から、融解吸熱量(ΔH)を計算した。
この明細書に記載の文献の内容を全てここに援用する。
Claims (13)
- 下記(A)~(D)を満たすアルファオレフィン重合体。
(A)立体規則性指標[mm]の範囲が10~50mol%
(B)100℃動粘度の範囲が200~10,000mm2/s
(C)2量体及び3量体成分の割合が2質量%未満
(D)平均炭素数が4~30 - 非晶質であり、さらに、下記(E)~(G)を満たす請求項1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体。
(E)流動点が-15℃以下
(F)粘度指数が150以上
(G)平均炭素数が4~15 - 結晶性であり、さらに、下記(H)及び(I)を満たす請求項1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体。
(H)示差走査型熱量計(DSC)による融点(Tm)測定において得られる融解ピークが20~100℃の間で1つであり、該融解ピークの面積から計算される融解吸熱量(ΔH)が20J/g以上、かつ半値幅が10℃以下である。
(I)平均炭素数が16~30 - 下記式(I)で表されるメソ型の遷移金属化合物。
qは1~5の整数で〔(Mの原子価)-2〕を示し、rは0~3の整数を示す。Eは、下記式(IIc)で表される基であって、2つのEは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の遷移金属化合物(A)と、
下記(B-1)及び(B-2)の少なくとも一方の化合物(B)と、
有機アルミニウム化合物(C)と、
を含有する重合用触媒。
(B-1)前記遷移金属化合物(A)又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物
(B-2)アルミノキサン - 請求項6又は7に記載の重合用触媒を使用して、アルファオレフィンを重合させる、請求項1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
- 重合用触媒の成分である前記遷移金属化合物(A)、前記化合物(B)及び前記有機アルミニウム化合物(C)を予め接触させて得た重合用触媒を使用する、請求項8に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
- 重合用触媒の成分である前記遷移金属化合物(A)、前記化合物(B)、及び前記有機アルミニウム化合物(C)と、炭素数3~18のアルファオレフィンを予め接触させて得た重合用触媒を使用する、請求項8に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
- 反応温度が80~200℃である請求項8~10のいずれかに記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
- 反応時の水素圧が、常圧~10MPa(G)である請求項8~11のいずれかに記載のアルファオレフィン重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項8~12のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られる、請求項1に記載のアルファオレフィン重合体。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012533842A JPWO2012035710A1 (ja) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-01 | 高粘度高級アルファオレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 |
EP11824730.3A EP2617740A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-01 | Highly viscous higher alphaolefin polymer and method for producing same |
US13/824,073 US20130310527A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-01 | Highly viscous higher alphaolefin polymer and method for producing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010-207811 | 2010-09-16 | ||
JP2010207811 | 2010-09-16 | ||
JP2011004563 | 2011-01-13 | ||
JP2011-004563 | 2011-01-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012035710A1 true WO2012035710A1 (ja) | 2012-03-22 |
Family
ID=45831205
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2011/004899 WO2012035710A1 (ja) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-01 | 高粘度高級アルファオレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130310527A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2617740A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2012035710A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012035710A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013024701A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | 出光興産株式会社 | α-オレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 |
WO2013031779A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-07 | 出光興産株式会社 | α-オレフィン重合体の製造方法 |
WO2013183611A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | α-オレフィン重合体 |
JP2013249459A (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | α−オレフィン重合体 |
JP2014098072A (ja) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 官能化α−オレフィン重合体、それを用いた硬化性組成物及び硬化物 |
JP2017039892A (ja) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-02-23 | 三井化学株式会社 | コーティング材および物品 |
WO2023058440A1 (ja) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物、潤滑方法及び変速機 |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3149178A (en) | 1961-07-11 | 1964-09-15 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Polymerized olefin synthetic lubricants |
US3382291A (en) | 1965-04-23 | 1968-05-07 | Mobil Oil Corp | Polymerization of olefins with bf3 |
JPH08259563A (ja) | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-08 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 殺虫性テトラヒドロピリミジン誘導体 |
JP2001335607A (ja) | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-04 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | α−オレフィン重合体の製造方法及び潤滑油 |
JP2002308893A (ja) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-23 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | 遷移金属化合物、オレフィン重合用触媒、オレフィン系重合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2004018753A (ja) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-22 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | 環状オレフィン共重合体の製造方法 |
JP2005200448A (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 潤滑油添加剤および潤滑油組成物 |
JP2005200447A (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 潤滑油添加剤および潤滑油組成物 |
WO2008102729A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-19 | 2008-08-28 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | α-オレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2009501838A (ja) | 2005-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | リーケ メタルズ インコーポレイテッド | 置換ポリチオフェンポリマーのための改良プロセス |
JP2009057573A (ja) * | 2008-11-06 | 2009-03-19 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 高級α−オレフィン共重合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2009149911A (ja) * | 2009-04-02 | 2009-07-09 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | α−オレフィン重合体の製造方法及び潤滑油 |
JP2009249429A (ja) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | ポリオレフィン系グラフト共重合体と付加重合ポリマーを配合してなる樹脂組成物 |
JP2010138257A (ja) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-06-24 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 重合反応の停止方法およびポリオレフィンの製造方法 |
WO2010117028A1 (ja) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | 出光興産株式会社 | αオレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-01 JP JP2012533842A patent/JPWO2012035710A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-01 EP EP11824730.3A patent/EP2617740A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-01 US US13/824,073 patent/US20130310527A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-01 WO PCT/JP2011/004899 patent/WO2012035710A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3149178A (en) | 1961-07-11 | 1964-09-15 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Polymerized olefin synthetic lubricants |
US3382291A (en) | 1965-04-23 | 1968-05-07 | Mobil Oil Corp | Polymerization of olefins with bf3 |
JPH08259563A (ja) | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-08 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 殺虫性テトラヒドロピリミジン誘導体 |
JP2001335607A (ja) | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-04 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | α−オレフィン重合体の製造方法及び潤滑油 |
JP2002308893A (ja) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-23 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | 遷移金属化合物、オレフィン重合用触媒、オレフィン系重合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2004018753A (ja) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-22 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | 環状オレフィン共重合体の製造方法 |
JP2005200448A (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 潤滑油添加剤および潤滑油組成物 |
JP2005200447A (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 潤滑油添加剤および潤滑油組成物 |
JP2009501838A (ja) | 2005-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | リーケ メタルズ インコーポレイテッド | 置換ポリチオフェンポリマーのための改良プロセス |
WO2008102729A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-19 | 2008-08-28 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | α-オレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2009249429A (ja) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | ポリオレフィン系グラフト共重合体と付加重合ポリマーを配合してなる樹脂組成物 |
JP2009057573A (ja) * | 2008-11-06 | 2009-03-19 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 高級α−オレフィン共重合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2010138257A (ja) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-06-24 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 重合反応の停止方法およびポリオレフィンの製造方法 |
JP2009149911A (ja) * | 2009-04-02 | 2009-07-09 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | α−オレフィン重合体の製造方法及び潤滑油 |
WO2010117028A1 (ja) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | 出光興産株式会社 | αオレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A, vol. 38, 2000, pages 2333 - 2339 |
MACROMOLECULES, vol. 24, 1991, pages 2334 |
POLYMER, vol. 30, 1989, pages 1350 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013024701A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | 出光興産株式会社 | α-オレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 |
WO2013031779A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-07 | 出光興産株式会社 | α-オレフィン重合体の製造方法 |
WO2013183611A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | α-オレフィン重合体 |
JP2013249459A (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | α−オレフィン重合体 |
JP2014098072A (ja) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 官能化α−オレフィン重合体、それを用いた硬化性組成物及び硬化物 |
JP2017039892A (ja) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-02-23 | 三井化学株式会社 | コーティング材および物品 |
WO2023058440A1 (ja) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物、潤滑方法及び変速機 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2012035710A1 (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
US20130310527A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
EP2617740A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0721954B1 (en) | Transition metal compound, olefin polymerization catalyst, and process for producing olefin polymer by using said catalyst | |
US7019091B2 (en) | Higher α-olefin copolymers and process for preparation thereof | |
JP5379677B2 (ja) | α−オレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 | |
JP3955573B2 (ja) | 結晶性高級αオレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 | |
WO2012035710A1 (ja) | 高粘度高級アルファオレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 | |
JPWO2008047860A1 (ja) | 高純度末端不飽和オレフィン系重合体及びその製造方法 | |
US20120095273A1 (en) | Alpha-olefin oligomer and method for producing same | |
JPWO2013024701A1 (ja) | α−オレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2008285443A (ja) | 遷移金属化合物、それを含有するオレフィン重合触媒、それを用いたオレフィン系重合体の製造方法、並びに末端不飽和プロピレン系重合体及びその製造方法 | |
JP2019065290A (ja) | シンジオタクチックプロピレンポリマーおよび同を含む潤滑油 | |
JP6329129B2 (ja) | α−オレフィン重合体及び水添α−オレフィン重合体の製造方法 | |
JP4870308B2 (ja) | エチレン系共重合体、その製造方法及びそれを含む潤滑油組成物 | |
JP2001064322A (ja) | プロピレン系重合体及びその成形体並びにプロピレン系重合体の製造方法 | |
JP5231947B2 (ja) | 高級α−オレフィン共重合体及びその製造方法 | |
JP5043518B2 (ja) | アスファルト改質材及びアスファルト組成物 | |
JP5290959B2 (ja) | 酸化変性α−オレフィン系重合体及びその製造方法 | |
JP4902053B2 (ja) | 遷移金属化合物、オレフィン重合用触媒、オレフィン系重合体及びその製造方法 | |
WO2013031779A1 (ja) | α-オレフィン重合体の製造方法 | |
JP2006131784A (ja) | 架橋オレフィン重合体及びその製造方法 | |
JP2007046017A (ja) | ワックス組成物 | |
JPH08239413A (ja) | 遷移金属化合物,オレフィン重合用触媒及びそれを用いたオレフィン系重合体 | |
JP2004196848A (ja) | ブテン系ブロック共重合体及びその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11824730 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012533842 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011824730 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13824073 Country of ref document: US |