WO2012002234A1 - 電動車両の駆動力制御装置 - Google Patents
電動車両の駆動力制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012002234A1 WO2012002234A1 PCT/JP2011/064318 JP2011064318W WO2012002234A1 WO 2012002234 A1 WO2012002234 A1 WO 2012002234A1 JP 2011064318 W JP2011064318 W JP 2011064318W WO 2012002234 A1 WO2012002234 A1 WO 2012002234A1
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- driving force
- motors
- motor
- command value
- target driving
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/10—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for automatic control superimposed on human control to limit the acceleration of the vehicle, e.g. to prevent excessive motor current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2036—Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L3/06—Limiting the traction current under mechanical overload conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/18172—Preventing, or responsive to skidding of wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
- B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2710/083—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
- B60W2710/105—Output torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2720/30—Wheel torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
- B60Y2200/142—Heavy duty trucks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/20—Off-Road Vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention is installed in an electric vehicle provided with a plurality of electric motors for independently driving a plurality of wheels, and controls the driving force of the plurality of motors according to the operation by the driver or the traveling state of the vehicle.
- the present invention relates to a driving force control device.
- hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles etc. such as railway vehicles
- An example can be seen.
- this type of electric vehicle one that drives a plurality of wheels by one motor using a power split mechanism (differential) has been known conventionally, but the vehicle is controlled by individually controlling the driving torque of each wheel It has become known to have a plurality of motors for independently driving each wheel for the purpose of controlling the movement state.
- target driving force in the front and rear direction and left and right direction within the torque range where the left and right motors can output.
- the traction performance of the vehicle can be improved by prioritizing the target driving force in the front-rear direction rather than the left-right direction when the above can not be satisfied simultaneously (see JP-A-2005-73458).
- each motor is controlled within the torque range that each motor can output as in the above technology, depending on the drive state of each motor (for example, motor rotation speed, output torque, applied voltage, etc.) In some cases, the target vehicle movement can not be realized or the driving efficiency is reduced. For example, even within the torque range that each motor can output, depending on the acceleration / deceleration request to the vehicle, the turning request, etc., there may be cases where the motor performing powering and the motor performing regeneration coexist. As described above, when the starting voltage required at the time of powering and the regenerative voltage generated at the time of regeneration largely differ when the motor performing the powering and the regeneration are mixed, the motor efficiency is increased when using the regenerative power to drive another motor. There is a case where the torque significantly decreases and a desired torque necessary for vehicle motion control can not be generated, or recovery of power from the motor that performs regeneration to the battery may become difficult.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle that can achieve the target vehicle motion as much as possible while appropriately maintaining the drive state of each motor.
- the present invention provides an electric motor comprising: a plurality of motors for independently driving a plurality of wheels; and a plurality of inverters for controlling a driving current to each motor based on a driving force command value.
- target driving force calculation means for calculating a target driving force for each motor based on a vehicle operation by a driver or a traveling state of the vehicle, and driving each motor with the target driving force
- the judging means for judging whether or not the respective motors can be operated within the desired operating range
- a driving force command value calculating means for calculating a driving force command value, it is assumed and a command value output means for outputting each said driving force command value to the plurality of inverters.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a traveling state of the electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 4 is a flowchart of processing content in the driving force control device 10 of the electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing driving force command values for the respective motors 106 c and 106 d when a sine wave required yaw moment is generated during braking right turn.
- the flowchart of the processing content in the driving force control apparatus 10 of the electric vehicle which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric vehicle shown in this figure includes a plurality of wheels 107a to 107d, a plurality of motors 106a to 106d, a plurality of inverters 105a to 105d, a battery 20, a chopper 109, and a driving force control device 10.
- the wheels 107a and the wheels 107b are attached to the left and right of the vehicle body as the front wheels of the vehicle.
- the wheel 107c and the wheel 107d are attached to the left and right of the vehicle body as a rear wheel of the vehicle.
- the motors 106a to 106d are connected to the corresponding wheels 107a to 107d so that the respective wheels 107a to 107d can be driven independently.
- the inverters 105a to 105d are connected to the motors 106a to 106d, respectively, and drive currents to the motors 106a to 106d are determined based on the driving force command values determined for each of the motors 106a to 106d by the driving force control device 10. I have control.
- the battery 20 functions as a power supply unit 101 for supplying drive power to the motors 106a to 106d and a power recovery unit 102 for recovering regenerative power when the motors 106a to 106d are decelerated. It is connected.
- the inverters 105a to 105d are connected to the power supply line, and the inverters 105a to 105d are further connected to the motors 106a to 106d through the power supply line.
- the chopper 109 controls the recovered power recovered from the motor 106 to the battery 20.
- the driving force control device 10 includes a target driving force calculating unit 11, a determining unit 12, a driving force command value calculating unit 13, and a command value output unit 14.
- the target driving force calculation unit (target driving force calculation means) 11 is a part that calculates the target driving force for each of the motors 106a to 106d based on the driver's operation of the vehicle or the traveling state of the vehicle.
- the target driving force calculation unit 11 includes a steering angle sensor 108a for detecting a steering angle at the time of steering operation by the driver, an accelerator sensor 108b for detecting a depression amount when an accelerator pedal is depressed by the driver, Various sensors such as a yaw rate sensor 108 c are connected to detect an actual yaw rate of the vehicle. Further, in order to detect the vehicle speed, a speed sensor (not shown) that detects the rotational speed of each motor may be connected.
- the target driving force calculation unit 11 estimates the vehicle traveling state based on the detection values from these various sensors, and calculates the target driving force based on the vehicle traveling state.
- the vehicle travel state estimated here includes, for example, the vehicle speed, acceleration, whether the vehicle is turning, whether the vehicle is slipping, and the like.
- the target driving force calculated here is a torque required of each of the motors 106a to 106d in order to make the vehicle travel stably.
- the target driving force calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11 is output to the determination unit 12.
- the determination unit (determination unit) 12 drives each of the motors 106a to 106d with the target driving force calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11, whether or not each of the motors 106a to 106d can be operated within a desired operating range. It is a part to determine whether or not.
- the torque characteristics of the motor generally decrease in output torque in inverse proportion to the rotational speed due to the influence of the back electromotive force of the motor.
- the motor since a larger amount of torque is usually required during regenerative braking than during power running, the motor during power running and regeneration due to the problem of current limitation of inverter elements and windings, shape change of torque characteristic curve due to voltage, etc.
- determination unit 12 determines whether or not each of the motors 106a to 106d is operated within a range not restricted by such limitation. Specifically, when the determination unit 12 of the present embodiment drives each of the motors 106a to 106d with the target driving force calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11, the power running operation is performed on each of the motors 106a to 106d. It is determined whether there is a mixture of those that perform the regenerative operation.
- the command value output unit (command value output unit) 14 is a part that outputs the driving force command value calculated by the driving force command value calculation unit 13 described later to the plurality of inverters 105a to 105d, respectively. It is connected to ⁇ 105 d.
- the driving force command value calculation unit (driving force command value calculation means) 13 calculates the driving force for each of the motors 106a to 106d based on the target driving force for each of the motors 106a to 106d calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11. It is a part which calculates a command value. When it is determined by the determination unit 12 that the driving force command value calculation unit 13 can operate each of the motors 106 a to 106 d within the desired operation range, the driving force command value calculation unit 13 determines the target driving force calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11. A driving force command value is calculated for each of the motors 106a to 106d.
- the motors 106a to 106d are operated within the desired operating range.
- the drive power distribution of each of the motors 106a to 106d is adjusted based on the target drive power of each of the motors 106a to 106d, and the actual drive power command value for each of the motors 106a to 106d is calculated.
- the driving force command value calculated here is a torque value of each of the motors 106a to 106d, and is a value proportional to a current value to be supplied to each of the motors 106a to 106d.
- the sign of the driving force command value is “positive”, power running is indicated, and when “negative”, regeneration is indicated.
- the determining unit 12 determines that the motors 106a to 106d can not operate within the desired operating range, the method of adjusting the driving force distribution used when the driving force command value is calculated by the driving force command value calculation unit 13 If it is determined by the determination unit 12 that the motors 106a to 106d perform the powering operation and the regenerative operation are mixed, the operations of the motors 106a to 106d are unified to either the powering or the regeneration.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a traveling state of the electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the previous drawings, and the description thereof will be omitted (the same applies to the subsequent drawings).
- attention is focused on the rear wheels 107c and 107d attached to the left and right of the vehicle body.
- the target driving force calculation unit 11 increases the decelerating torque (arrow 201 in the drawing) of the left wheel 107 c while decreasing the decelerating torque (arrow 202 in the drawing) of the right wheel 107 d by the same amount.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of processing contents in the driving force control device 10 of the electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the driving force control device 10 first calculates the target driving forces T TL and T TR of the left and right wheels 107 c and 107 d in the target driving force calculation unit 11, and the target driving forces T TL , The TTR is output to the determination unit 12 (S301).
- the determination unit 12 based on the signs of the target driving forces T TL and T TR , whether the two motors 106c and 106d perform the powering operation and the ones that perform the regenerative operation coexist
- the determination result is output to the driving force command value calculation unit 13.
- determination unit 12 of the present embodiment determines the required operation for two motors 106 c and 106 d based on the sign of the value obtained by multiplying two target driving forces T TL and T TR. If “positive” is determined, it is determined that the operation of the two motors is unified to either power running or regeneration, and if the sign is “negative”, there are a mixture of one with power running operation and one with regenerative operation. Then, it is determined (S302).
- the driving force command value calculation unit 13 in the driving force control device 10 compares the absolute values of the target driving forces T TL and T TR for the two motors 106c and 106d, The smaller absolute value is determined (S303). Next, the sign of the target driving force related to one of the motors determined to have a small absolute value in S303 is inverted and added to the target driving force of the other motor (the one having a larger absolute value). The driving force command value of the motor is calculated, and the driving force command value of the one motor is calculated with the target driving force of the one motor as zero.
- S304 is a case where towards the absolute value of the target driving force T TR of the motor 106d is determined to be less in S303, the target driving force T of the motor 106c inverts the sign of the target driving force T TR calculating a driving force command value TOL motor 106c by adding to the TL, a case of calculating the driving force command value T OR a target driving force T TR of the motor 106d as zero.
- S305 is a case where towards the absolute value of the target driving force T TL of the motor 106c is determined to be less in S303, the target driving force T TR of motor 106d inverts the sign of the target driving force T TL
- the driving force command value T OR of the motor 106 d is calculated by adding to the above, and the driving force command value T OL is calculated with the target driving force T TL of the motor 106 c as zero.
- the driving force command values T OL and T OR as they are based on the target driving forces T TL and T TR calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11. Is calculated (S306).
- the driving force control device 10 outputs the driving force command values T OL , T OR calculated at S 304, 305, 306 to the respective inverters 105 c, 105 d in the command value output unit 14 (S 307).
- the drive torques of the motors 106c and 106d are controlled by the inverters 105c and 105d, the wheels 107c and 107d are rotated, and the vehicle travels.
- the process returns to S301, and the above-described respective processes are repeated.
- the process according to S302 to S307 indicated by a broken line in FIG. 3 may be referred to as S1.
- Figure 4 is a diagram showing respective motors 106c when the yaw moment required amount of sinusoidal occurs during braking right turn, the driving force command value T OL for 106d, the T OR.
- dashed dotted lines 401 and 404 represent the braking request requested by the driver's operation of the brake pedal, that is, negative driving force
- the waveforms 402 and 405 shown by broken lines represent the target for correction of the spin state.
- the target driving forces T TL and T TR calculated by the driving force calculation unit 11 and the waveforms 403 and 404 indicated by solid lines are the driving force command values T OL and T OR calculated by the driving force command value calculation unit 13. It is.
- the left wheel 107c is applied with a correction value on the relatively strong braking side and the right wheel 107d is applied on the relatively weak braking side. It is done.
- S301, 302, 306, and 307 in the above process are repeated.
- the target driving force T TR of the right wheel 107d yaw moment demand is gradually increased is changed from a negative value to a positive value (P points in Fig.
- the determination unit 12 is a motor that performs the power-running operation It is determined that the motors performing the regeneration operation are mixed, and the processing of S303 and subsequent steps is executed. That is, when the determination unit 12 determines that the motor performing the power running operation and the motor performing the regeneration operation are mixed, the drive command value calculation unit 13 determines that the absolute value of the target driving force is relatively small on the right wheel 107d side.
- the target driving force T TR is added to the target driving force T TL of the left wheel 107c side, and the target driving force T TR of the right wheel 107d side to zero.
- the driving force command values T OL and T OR calculated in this manner are waveforms 403 and 406 of solid lines.
- the difference between the driving force command values T OL and T OR of the left and right wheels 107 c and 107 d is compared with that before the target driving force T TR on the right wheel 107 d side is added to the target driving force T TL on the left wheel 107 c side.
- the generated yaw moment can also be secured as required.
- the driving force of the motor is made zero, By allocating to the other motor, it is possible to redistribute drive power so that power running and regeneration do not mix while maintaining the drive power difference. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by clearly separating the power running state and the regeneration state, the yaw moment amount due to the torque difference between the left and right wheels 107 c and 107 d is reliably generated regardless of the motor characteristics and the motor operating state. As a result, it is possible to realize the target vehicle motion as much as possible while appropriately maintaining the drive state of each motor.
- the target driving force associated with one of the motors gradually approaches zero from the power running side as the required yaw moment amount increases. Then, when the sign of the target driving force of the one motor changes to negative, the sign of the target driving force is reversed and added to the other target driving force, and the target driving force of the one motor is set to zero. Just do it.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart of processing contents in the driving force control device 10 of the electric vehicle according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the flowchart of the control process according to the present embodiment drives the left and right wheels 107c and 107d when it is determined that the motor performing the powering operation and the motor performing the regenerative operation coexist in S302.
- S501 a value corresponding to the target driving force of the motor performing the powering operation is subtracted from the target driving force of the regenerating operation motor 3 by calculating the driving force command value of the motor performing the regenerative operation and calculating the driving force command value of the one motor with the target driving force of the motor performing the power running operation as zero. It differs from the one shown in.
- the process according to S302 to S307 indicated by a broken line in FIG. 5 may be referred to as S2.
- the driving force command value is calculated, the required amount of yaw moment can be generated based on the torque difference between the left and right wheels 107c and 107d as in the first embodiment. Can achieve the target vehicle movement as much as possible while keeping the In particular, when the driving force command value is calculated in this manner, the driving force command value of the motor on the power running side is always zero when power running and regeneration are mixed, which is advantageous in that careless acceleration of the vehicle can be prevented. There is. That is, it is possible to redistribute drive power so that power running and regeneration are not mixed while maintaining the drive power difference while maintaining the deceleration as the acceleration of the entire vehicle.
- the present embodiment relates to control processing S1 according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment according to whether the target driving force of the entire vehicle based on the driver's operation request or the like is an acceleration request or a deceleration request. It is characterized in that the control process S2 according to is selectively used.
- the hardware configuration of the electric vehicle is the same as that of each of the above embodiments.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart of processing contents in the driving force control apparatus 10 of the electric vehicle according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the determination unit 12 in the driving force control device 10 sums the target driving forces T TL and T TR for the two motors calculated in S301, and the sign of the total value of the target driving forces is positive. Whether the target driving force of the whole vehicle is an acceleration request or a deceleration request is determined by determining whether it is negative or not (S601). When it is determined that the total value of the target driving forces is positive (acceleration request) in S601 (S602), the driving force control device 10 determines that the sum is negative (the deceleration request) Process S2 is executed (S603).
- the process S1 is executed when acceleration is required, so that the driving forces can be redistributed while maintaining the acceleration of the entire vehicle on the acceleration side.
- the process S2 is executed, so that the driving force can be redistributed in a state in which the acceleration of the whole vehicle is always kept on the deceleration side. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize control in which the driver's intention of acceleration / deceleration is more reflected.
- FIG. 7 is an entire configuration diagram of an electric vehicle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric vehicle shown in this figure includes a plurality of braking devices 701a to 701d, a driving force control device 10A, a plurality of wheels 107a to 107d, a plurality of motors 106a to 106d, a plurality of inverters 105a to 105d, and a battery 20. And the chopper 109.
- the plurality of braking devices 701a to 701d independently apply the braking torque to the plurality of wheels 107a to 107d based on the braking force command value output from the driving force control device 10A.
- the braking devices 701a to 701d include a device that performs braking by friction by pressing a friction material against a rotating member that rotates with the wheels 107a to 107d.
- the braking devices 701a to 701d command a negative value or a value corresponding to a shortage of the regenerative torque of the motors 106a to 106d among the drive command values which are all outputted to the inverters 105a to 105d in the above embodiments.
- a command value is input from the value output units 702a to 702d, and a braking torque corresponding to the driving force command value is generated.
- the driving force control device 10A includes a driving force command value calculating unit 13A, a command value output unit 14A, and command value output units 702a to 702d.
- the driving force command value calculation unit (driving force command value calculation means) 13A determines that the determination unit 12 determines that the motors 106a to 106d perform the powering operation and the regeneration operation are mixed. Among the plurality of motors 106a to 106d, the driving force command values of the motors are respectively calculated based on the target driving forces of the power running operations among 106a to 106d, and the target driving forces of the plurality of motors 106a to 106d performing the regenerative operation The driving force command value of the motor is calculated respectively.
- the driving force command values of the braking devices 701a to 701d are respectively calculated.
- the driving force command values for the motors 106a to 106d are output to the driving force output unit 14A, and the driving force command values for the braking devices 701a to 701d are each braking device It is outputted to the command value output units 702a to 702d corresponding to 701a to 701d through the driving force output unit 14A.
- the command value output unit 14A is connected to the plurality of inverters 105a to 105d, and outputs the driving force command values input from the driving force command value calculation unit 13A to the inverters 105a to 105d corresponding to the respective command values. .
- the command value output units 702a to 702d are connected to the corresponding braking devices 701a to 701d, respectively, and the driving force command values input from the driving force command value calculating unit 13A are controlled to the braking devices 701a corresponding to the respective command values. Output to ⁇ 701 d. That is, in the present embodiment, the command value output unit 14A and the command value output units 702a to 702d function as command value output means.
- a driving force command value for generating a braking torque corresponding to the target driving force calculated by the target driving force calculating unit 11 is the command value output unit 702 Therefore, the braking device 701 substitutes for the motor 106 to generate a braking torque.
- the operation of each of the motors 106a to 106d is unified to the power running, so that a large difference between the drive voltage required at the motor power running and the regenerative voltage generated at the motor regeneration is avoided, and the motor efficiency is improved. It is possible to prevent that the required torque can not be output so much that the vehicle motion can not be controlled by the desired torque difference. That is, by clearly separating the power running state and the regeneration state, reliable vehicle motion control can be realized regardless of the motor characteristics and the motor operating state.
- the braking devices 701a to 701d generate deceleration torques for the driving force command value on the regeneration side, so the driver makes an acceleration side as the acceleration of the entire vehicle even though the driver makes a deceleration request. It can be avoided that the situation will occur. As a result, the behavior of the vehicle does not deviate from the operation of the driver, so that it is possible to reduce the driver's feeling of strangeness with the behavior of the vehicle.
- FIG. 8 is an entire configuration diagram of an electric vehicle according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric vehicle shown in this figure includes a plurality of voltage adjusting devices 801a to 801d, a driving force control device 10B, a plurality of wheels 107a to 107d, a plurality of motors 106a to 106d, a plurality of inverters 105a to 105d, and a battery. 20 and a chopper 109 are provided.
- the voltage adjusting devices 801a to 801d are respectively installed on power supply lines connecting the plurality of inverters 105a to 105d and the battery 20, and generate voltages calculated by the voltage calculating unit 802 in the driving force control device 10B. .
- the driving force control device 10B includes a target driving force calculating unit 11, a driving force command value calculating unit 13B, a command value output unit 14, a determining unit 12B, and a voltage calculating unit 802.
- the driving force command value calculation unit 13B calculates an actual driving force command value for each of the motors 106a to 106d based on the target driving force for each of the motors 106a to 106d calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11. And is connected to the target driving force calculation unit 11 and the command value output unit 14.
- the determination unit 12B drives each of the motors 106a to 106d with the target driving force calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 11, whether each of the motors 106a to 106d performs the powering operation and the one that performs the regenerative operation are mixed It is a part to determine whether or not it is connected to the target driving force calculation unit 11 and the voltage calculation unit 802.
- the determination result by the determination unit 12 is output to the voltage calculation unit 802.
- the voltage calculation unit (voltage calculation means) 802 determines the voltage supplied to the power running motor when it is determined by the determination unit 12 that the motors 106 a to 106 d perform the power running operation and the ones performing the regenerative operation coexist. It is a part that detects a difference from a voltage generated by a motor performing regenerative operation and calculates a voltage necessary to eliminate the voltage difference, and is connected to the determination unit 12 and each of the voltage adjustment devices 801a to 801d. The voltages calculated here are output to the corresponding voltage adjusting devices 801a to 801d.
- the voltage calculating unit 802 determines that the powering operation is performed.
- the voltage required to eliminate the voltage difference is calculated based on the voltage difference between the supply voltage to the motor and the voltage generated by the motor performing regeneration operation, and the calculated value is output to the corresponding voltage adjustment device 801a to 801d. Do. Then, the voltage adjusting devices 801a to 801d receiving the voltage value calculated by the voltage calculating unit 802 generate the corresponding voltage, and the voltage difference generated between the motor performing the powering operation and the motor performing the regenerative operation is eliminated. Be done.
- the present embodiment even if the motors 106a to 106d perform both the powering operation and the regenerative operation, the voltage difference generated between them can be eliminated. It is avoided that the drive voltage required during motor powering and the regenerative voltage generated during motor regeneration differ greatly, and the motor efficiency drops significantly and the required torque can not be output, and control of the vehicle movement by the desired torque difference It can prevent becoming impossible. Therefore, according to this embodiment as well, reliable vehicle motion control can be realized regardless of the motor characteristics and the motor operating state.
- the type of the electric vehicle is not particularly limited in the description of each of the above-described embodiments, the vehicle motion tends to be unstable in a vehicle having a large overall weight and a high center of gravity, and the slip state is corrected. Yaw moment control is important. Therefore, the driving force control devices 10, 10A, and 10B described in the above-described embodiments exhibit remarkable effects as compared with a passenger car or the like.
- an electrically powered vehicle of this type for example, there is a dump truck provided with a vessel.
- FIG. 9 is an entire configuration diagram of a dump truck according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the dump truck 900 shown in this figure includes a vehicle body 91 formed of a robust frame structure, a vessel (car bed) 92 mounted on the vehicle body 91 so as to be able to move up and down, and a front wheel 93 and a rear wheel 94 mounted on the vehicle body 91.
- the vessel 92 is a container provided for loading a load such as crushed stone, and is connected movably to the vehicle body 91 via a pin joint portion 95 and the like.
- two relief cylinders 96 are installed at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the vehicle. When the pressure oil is supplied to and discharged from the relief cylinder 96, the relief cylinder 96 extends and contracts, and the vessel 92 is raised and lowered.
- the driving force control devices 10, 10A, and 10B described in the above embodiments can exhibit remarkable effects.
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Abstract
Description
11 目標駆動力算出部
12 判定部
13 駆動力指令値算出部
14 指令値出力部
20 バッテリ
105 インバータ
106 モータ
107 車輪
108 各種センサ
701 制動装置
702 指令値出力部
801 電圧調整装置
802 電圧算出部
TTL,TTR 目標駆動力
TOR,TOL 駆動力指令値
Claims (7)
- 複数の車輪を独立して駆動する複数のモータと、駆動力指令値に基づいて前記各モータへの駆動電流を制御する複数のインバータとを備える電動車両の駆動力制御装置において、
運転者による車両操作又は車両の走行状態に基づいて、前記各モータごとの目標駆動力を算出する目標駆動力算出手段と、
前記各モータを前記目標駆動力で駆動したとき、前記各モータを所望の動作範囲内で稼働できるか否かを判定する判定手段と、
当該判定手段で前記各モータを所望の動作範囲内で稼働できないと判定されたとき、前記各モータを所望の動作範囲内で稼働するために、前記各モータごとの目標駆動力及び前記各モータの稼働状態に基づいて前記各モータの駆動力配分を調整し、前記各モータごとの実際の駆動力指令値を算出する駆動力指令値算出手段と、
前記複数のインバータに対して前記駆動力指令値をそれぞれ出力する指令値出力手段とを備えることを特徴とする電動車両の駆動力制御装置。 - 複数の車輪を独立して駆動する複数のモータと、駆動力指令値に基づいて前記各モータへの駆動電流を制御する複数のインバータとを備える電動車両の駆動力制御装置において、
運転者による車両操作又は車両の走行状態に基づいて、前記各モータごとの目標駆動力を算出する目標駆動力算出手段と、
前記各モータを前記目標駆動力で駆動したとき、前記各モータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものが混在するか否かを判定する判定手段と、
前記判定手段で前記各モータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものとが混在すると判定されたとき、前記各モータの動作が力行又は回生のいずれか一方に統一されるように前記各モータごとの目標駆動力に基づいて前記各モータの駆動力配分を調整し、前記各モータごとの実際の駆動力指令値を算出する駆動力指令値算出手段と、
前記複数のインバータに対して前記駆動力指令値をそれぞれ出力する指令値出力手段とを備えることを特徴とする電動車両の駆動力制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電動車両の駆動力制御装置において、
前記複数のモータは前記電動車両の左右輪を駆動するものであり、
前記駆動力指令値算出手段は、前記判定手段で前記左右輪を駆動する2つのモータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものが混在すると判定されたとき、前記2つのモータに対する目標駆動力の絶対値を比較し、絶対値の小さい一方のモータに係る目標駆動力の符号を反転させて他方のモータの目標駆動力に加算することで当該他方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出し、前記一方のモータに係る目標駆動力をゼロとして当該一方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出することを特徴とする電動車両の駆動力制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電動車両の駆動力制御装置において、
前記複数のモータは前記電動車両の左右輪を駆動するものであり、
前記駆動力指令値算出手段は、前記判定手段で前記左右輪を駆動する2つのモータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものが混在すると判定されたとき、力行動作をする一方のモータに係る目標駆動力相当値を回生動作をする他方のモータの目標駆動力から減算することで当該他方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出し、前記一方のモータに係る目標駆動力をゼロとして当該一方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出することを特徴とする電動車両の駆動力制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電動車両の駆動力制御装置において、
前記複数のモータは前記電動車両の左右輪を駆動するものであり、
前記駆動力指令値算出手段は、
前記判定手段で前記左右輪を駆動する2つのモータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものが混在すると判定されたとき、前記2つのモータに対する目標駆動力を合計し、
a)前記目標駆動力の合計値の符号が正のときは、前記2つのモータに対する目標駆動力の絶対値を比較し、絶対値の小さい一方のモータに係る目標駆動力の符号を反転させて他方のモータの目標駆動力に加算することで当該他方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出し、前記一方のモータに係る目標駆動力をゼロとして当該一方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出し、
b)前記目標駆動力の合計値の符号が負のときは、力行動作をする一方のモータに係る目標駆動力相当値を回生動作をする他方のモータの目標駆動力から減算することで当該他方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出し、前記一方のモータに係る目標駆動力をゼロとして当該一方のモータの駆動力指令値を算出することを特徴とする電動車両の駆動力制御装置。 - 複数の車輪を独立して駆動する複数のモータと、駆動力指令値に基づいて前記各モータへの駆動電流を制御する複数のインバータと、前記複数の車輪に制動トルクを独立して与える複数の制動装置とを備える電動車両の駆動力制御装置において、
運転者による車両操作又は車両の走行状態に基づいて、前記各モータごとの目標駆動力を算出する目標駆動力算出手段と、
前記各モータを前記目標駆動力で駆動したとき、前記各モータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものが混在するか否かを判定する判定手段と、
前記判定手段で前記各モータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものとが混在すると判定されたとき、前記力行動作をするモータの目標駆動力に基づいて当該モータの駆動力指令値を算出し、前記回生動作をするモータの目標駆動力をゼロとして当該モータの駆動力指令値を算出し、前記回生動作をするモータの目標駆動力に相当する制動トルクを前記制動装置で発生するために当該制動装置の駆動力指令値を算出する駆動力指令値算出手段と、
前記複数のインバータに対して前記駆動力指令値をそれぞれ出力し、前記制動装置に対して前記駆動力指令値をそれぞれ出力する指令値出力手段とを備えることを特徴とする電動車両の駆動力制御装置。 - 複数の車輪を独立して駆動する複数のモータと、駆動力指令値に基づいて前記各モータへの駆動電流を制御する複数のインバータとを備える電動車両の駆動力制御装置において、
運転者による車両操作又は車両の走行状態に基づいて、前記各モータごとの目標駆動力を算出する目標駆動力算出手段と、
前記各モータごとの目標駆動力に基づいて、前記各モータごとの実際の駆動力指令値を算出する駆動力指令値算出手段と、
前記複数のインバータに対して前記駆動力指令値をそれぞれ出力する指令値出力手段と、
前記各モータを前記目標駆動力で駆動したとき、前記各モータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものが混在するか否かを判定する判定手段と、
前記判定手段で前記各モータに力行動作をするものと回生動作をするものとが混在すると判定されたとき、前記力行動作するモータへの供給電圧と前記回生動作するモータによる発生電圧との差を検出し、当該電圧差を解消するために必要な電圧を算出する電圧算出手段と、
前記複数のインバータと前記電力供給手段及び前記電力回収手段とを接続する各電源ライン上にそれぞれ設置され、前記電圧算出手段で算出された電圧を発生する電圧調整手段とを備えることを特徴とする電動車両の駆動力制御装置。
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- 2011-06-22 AU AU2011272007A patent/AU2011272007B2/en active Active
- 2011-06-22 EP EP11800699.8A patent/EP2589510B1/en active Active
- 2011-06-22 US US13/806,808 patent/US9174549B2/en active Active
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AU2011272007B2 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
EP2589510A4 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
AU2011272007A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
EP2589510B1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
JP5400716B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
EP2589510A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
CN102985282A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
JP2012016162A (ja) | 2012-01-19 |
US9174549B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
CN102985282B (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
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