WO2012086044A1 - 流路構造及びガスタービン排気ディフューザ - Google Patents
流路構造及びガスタービン排気ディフューザ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012086044A1 WO2012086044A1 PCT/JP2010/073278 JP2010073278W WO2012086044A1 WO 2012086044 A1 WO2012086044 A1 WO 2012086044A1 JP 2010073278 W JP2010073278 W JP 2010073278W WO 2012086044 A1 WO2012086044 A1 WO 2012086044A1
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- flow path
- cross
- recess
- upstream
- sectional area
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
- F01D25/162—Bearing supports
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
- F01D5/142—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form of the blades of successive rotor or stator blade-rows
- F01D5/143—Contour of the outer or inner working fluid flow path wall, i.e. shroud or hub contour
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/20—Mounting or supporting of plant; Accommodating heat expansion or creep
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/70—Shape
- F05D2250/71—Shape curved
- F05D2250/712—Shape curved concave
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flow path structure and a gas turbine exhaust diffuser.
- a structure in which a structure extends in a direction intersecting with a main flow direction along a main flow of a fluid flowing through the flow path from a wall surface forming the flow path is known.
- a bearing that supports a rotor is provided inside an exhaust casing, and an annular space around the bearing serves as an exhaust passage.
- a strut that extends from the exhaust casing and holds the bearing is disposed (Patent Document 1).
- the range in which the struts are disposed in the main flow direction of the exhaust gas is such that the struts occupy a part of the flow path in the cross section of the flow path.
- the cross-sectional area of the flow path decreases rapidly and then increases. For this reason, when the exhaust gas passes through the area where the struts are disposed, a relatively large pressure loss occurs.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a flow path structure and a gas turbine exhaust diffuser that can suppress the occurrence of pressure loss and thereby improve the performance of the gas turbine. Is to provide.
- the structure extends in a direction intersecting with the main flow direction along the main flow of the fluid flowing through the flow channel from the wall surface forming the flow channel, and the structure is in the cross section of the flow channel intersecting with the main flow.
- a flow path structure in which a cross-sectional area of the flow path changes as the object occupies a part of the flow path in the main flow direction and includes the structure in the main flow direction. And having a recess formation region in which a recess is formed on the wall surface.
- the flow channel structure of the present invention includes a wall surface that forms a flow channel, a structure that extends from the wall surface in a direction that intersects a main flow direction of the fluid that flows through the flow channel, and the structure in the main flow direction. And a recess forming region in which a recess is formed on the wall surface over a range including the structure.
- the concave portion is formed on the wall surface over the concave portion forming region including the structure in the mainstream direction, the cross-sectional area of the flow path is increased by the amount of the concave portion compared to the case where the concave portion is not formed. . That is, in the range where the structure in the mainstream direction is formed, at least a part of the decrease in the cross-sectional area due to the structure can be offset by the increase in the cross-sectional area due to the recess. Thereby, since the change in the cross-sectional area becomes gentler than that in the case where the concave portion is not formed, generation of pressure loss can be suppressed.
- the upstream and downstream of the structure in the main flow direction will increase the cross-sectional area of the flow path as compared with the case where no recess is formed, so the effect of pressure changes at the front and rear edges of the structure will be reduced. Can be relaxed.
- the said recessed part may be formed so that the position where the said structure extends among the said wall surfaces in the said flow-path cross section may be included.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the cross-sectional area of the partial area
- the cross-sectional area of the flow path partially increases compared to the case where no recess is formed, the front edge and the rear edge of the structure are upstream of the upstream and the downstream of the rear edge of the structure in the main flow direction. The effect of pressure changes at the edges can be greatly mitigated.
- the concave portion is a portion of the trajectory of the change in the cross-sectional area of the flow path in a range in which the structure extends in the main flow direction, and it is assumed that the structure and the concave portion are not present. You may form so that it may become between the locus
- the change in the cross-sectional area of the flow path approximates the change in the cross-sectional area of the flow path when it is assumed that there is no structure, and pressure loss can be effectively suppressed.
- the concave portion is spaced from the rear edge by a distance of 0.4 L from the front edge to the upstream side. It may be formed in a range up to a position 0.4 L away on the downstream side. According to the present invention, pressure loss can be effectively suppressed.
- the said recessed part may be formed in the range from the position 0.2L away from the front edge to the upstream side to the position 0.2 L away from the rear edge downstream. According to the present invention, pressure loss can be more effectively suppressed.
- the gas turbine exhaust diffuser of the present invention has the above-described flow path structure. According to the present invention, the performance of the flow passage structure can improve the performance of the diffuser.
- FIG. 1 is a half sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gas turbine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of a gas turbine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a main part I in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the exhaust diffuser 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and shows a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a line graph showing a change in the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P of the exhaust diffuser 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and is an enlarged view of a main part III of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a modified example of the exhaust diffuser 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, corresponding to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 1 is a half sectional view showing a gas turbine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the gas turbine 1 includes a compressor 2, a combustor 3, and a turbine 4.
- a rotor 5 is inserted into the compressor casing 2 a of the compressor 2 and the turbine casing 4 a of the turbine 4.
- the compressor 2 has a blade row composed of compressor stationary blades 2b arranged in an annular shape on the inner periphery of the compressor casing 2a and a blade row composed of compressor moving blades 2c arranged in an annular shape on the outer periphery of the rotor 5.
- the stationary blades 2b and the moving blades 2c are alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation center axis S.
- a compression flow path is formed so as to pass through these cascades.
- the cascade composed of the compressor moving blades 2c and the cascade composed of the compressor stationary blades 2b have a multistage structure in which a pair adjacent to each other in the direction of the rotation center axis S forms a stage.
- the compressor 2 adiabatically compresses the air A taken inside as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side of the compression flow path.
- the combustor 3 is disposed between the compressor 2 and the turbine 4 and generates a combustion gas G by mixing fuel with the high-pressure air A compressed by the compressor 2 and burning it.
- the combustion gas G is supplied to the turbine 4.
- the turbine 4 has a blade row composed of turbine stationary blades 4b arranged in an annular shape on the inner periphery of the turbine casing 4a, and a blade row made up of turbine rotor blades 4c arranged in an annular shape on the outer periphery of the rotor 5.
- the stationary blades 4b and the moving blades 4c are alternately arranged in the rotation center axis S direction.
- a combustion gas flow path R is formed so as to pass through these cascades.
- the cascade composed of the turbine rotor blades 4c and the cascade composed of the turbine stationary blades 4b have a multi-stage structure in which a pair adjacent to each other in the direction of the rotation center axis S forms a stage.
- the turbine 4 converts the thermal energy of the combustion gas G into rotational energy of mechanical work through the rotor 5 by flowing the combustion gas G generated in the combustor 3 downstream while expanding.
- the rotor 5 is inserted into the compressor casing 2a and the turbine casing 4a, and one end of the rotor 5 is connected to a generator (not shown).
- the rotational energy generated by the turbine 4 is used as power for the generator. Supply.
- the gas turbine 1 includes an exhaust diffuser 10 connected to the downstream side of the turbine blade 4c in the final stage of the turbine casing 4a.
- the exhaust diffuser 10 includes an exhaust casing 10 a, a cylindrical protective casing 11, a plurality of struts (structures) 12, and a manhole (structure) 13.
- the exhaust casing 10a is connected to the turbine casing 4a.
- the protective casing 11 is provided inside the exhaust casing 10 a, and the journal bearing 7 and the like that pivotally support the rotor 5 are accommodated inside the protective casing 11.
- the strut 12 extends from the exhaust casing 10 a to the inside of the protective casing 11, and contacts the periphery of the journal bearing 7 to hold the bearing 7.
- the manhole 13 is provided for maintenance of the journal bearing 7 and the like, and is disposed downstream of these struts 12.
- the direction of the rotation center axis S substantially coincides with the direction in which the main flow of the exhaust gas E flows.
- the exhaust casing 10a is configured such that the inner peripheral wall surface (wall surface) 10b gradually increases in diameter in the main flow direction from the upstream side to which the turbine 4 is connected toward the downstream side.
- the protective casing 11 is provided coaxially with the exhaust diffuser 10 and is formed to have substantially the same diameter from the upstream side to which the turbine 4 is connected to the downstream side in the main flow direction.
- annular exhaust flow path P is formed by the inner peripheral wall surface 10 b of the exhaust casing 10 a and the outer peripheral wall surface 11 b of the protective casing 11.
- the exhaust passage P has the outer peripheral wall surface 11b of the protective casing 11 formed to have substantially the same diameter, while the inner peripheral wall surface 10b of the exhaust casing 10a gradually increases in diameter as it goes downstream.
- the cross-sectional area that intersects the main flow direction gradually increases as it goes from the upstream side to the downstream side (see FIG. 4).
- Each strut 12 includes a strut body 12a that holds the journal bearing 7, and a strut cover 12b that covers the strut body 12a with combustion gas G and protects it from heating.
- the strut cover 12b extends from the protective casing 11 toward the exhaust casing 10a.
- the manhole 13 allows the outside of the exhaust casing 10a to communicate with the inside of the protective casing 11 (accommodating space).
- the strut cover 12b and the manhole 13 extend in a direction intersecting the mainstream, and in order to reduce the mainstream resistance in the exhaust passage P, the cross-sectional shape is a wing shape (streamline type).
- Such an exhaust casing 10a has an upstream recess formation region (recess formation region) 20 and a downstream recess formation region (recess formation region) 30, as shown in FIG.
- An upstream peripheral recess (recess) 22 formed in the wall surface 11b is formed.
- these upstream recesses are positions where the struts 12 respectively extend out of the inner peripheral wall surface 10 b and the outer peripheral wall surface 11 b in the flow path cross section. It is formed over the range including.
- these upstream recesses gradually become shallower after becoming gradually deeper from one side in the main flow direction to the other side. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, after becoming gradually deeper from one to the other in the circumferential direction, it becomes gradually shallower.
- the positions of the upstream recesses extending in the main flow direction are set as follows when the length of the strut 12 in the main flow direction is L1. That is, in the main flow direction, 0.2 L1 away from the strut leading edge 12 c located upstream of the strut 12 upstream from the position 0.2 L1 away from the strut trailing edge 12 d located downstream of the strut 12 0.2 L1 away from the downstream. It extends to the position.
- the downstream recess forming region 30 includes a downstream inner peripheral recess (recess) 31 formed in the inner peripheral wall surface 10b and an outer peripheral wall surface 11b over a range including the manhole 13 in the main flow direction.
- a formed downstream outer peripheral recess (recess) 32 is formed.
- downstream recesses (downstream inner peripheral recesses 31 and downstream outer periphery recesses 32) are each formed over a range including the position where the manhole 13 extends in the flow path cross section (see FIG. 3). Further, as shown in FIG. 2, these downstream recesses become gradually shallower after becoming gradually deeper in the main flow direction, and gradually getting shallower after becoming gradually deeper in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. It has become.
- these downstream recesses are located in the mainstream direction from a position 0.2 L2 upstream from the manhole leading edge 13c located at the uppermost stream of the manhole 13 in the mainstream direction. Extends from the manhole trailing edge 13d located on the most downstream side to a position 0.2 L2 away from the downstream side.
- FIG. 4 is a line graph showing a change in the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P of the exhaust diffuser 10, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a main part III of FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates the position in the main flow direction
- the vertical axis indicates the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P. 4 and 5
- the locus indicated by the solid line indicates the exhaust flow path P
- the locus indicated by the broken line does not include the upstream recessed portion forming region 20 and the downstream recessed portion forming region 30, the strut 12, and the manhole 13.
- the change in the cross-sectional area of the first hypothetical flow path PX is assumed, and the second hypothetical flow in the case where the locus indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is assumed to have no upstream recess formation region 20 and downstream recess formation region 30 is shown.
- the change of the cross-sectional area of the path PY is shown.
- the upstream concave portion and the downstream concave portion are located between the first hypothetical channel PX and the second hypothetical channel PY in the central part of the change path of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust channel P. As such, its depth is formed. More precisely, as shown in FIG. 5, the change in the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P between the strut leading edge 12c and the strut trailing edge 12d and between the manhole leading edge 13c and the manhole trailing edge 13d. Is formed so as to be located between the first assumed flow path PX and the second assumed flow path PY.
- the change in the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P is as follows. First, the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P increases as the inner peripheral wall surface 10b of the turbine 4 increases in diameter as it proceeds downstream from the inflow portion of the exhaust gas E. Thereafter, when reaching the upstream recess formation region 20, the increase in the cross-sectional area due to the upstream recess is added to the increase in the cross-sectional area due to the expansion of the inner peripheral wall surface 10b, and the increase rate of the cross-sectional area increases.
- the decrease in the cross-sectional area due to the strut 12 occupying the exhaust flow path P exceeds the increase in the cross-sectional area due to the upstream recess and the expansion of the inner peripheral wall surface 10b.
- the cross-sectional area increase rate turns negative.
- the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P decreases to a position near the middle of the strut 12 in the main flow direction, the cross-sectional area increases while depicting a trajectory opposite to the above.
- the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P is gently reduced by increasing the cross-sectional area due to the expansion of the inner peripheral wall surface 10b more than the decrease of the cross-sectional area of the upstream recess.
- the locus is only an increase in the cross-sectional area due to the diameter expansion of the wall surface 10b. The same applies to the downstream recess formation region 30.
- the combustion gas G that has passed through the final stage turbine blade 4 c flows into the exhaust passage P. Since the exhaust passage P gradually increases in diameter as it goes downstream, the dynamic pressure of the exhaust gas E is converted to a static pressure.
- the exhaust gas E that has reached the most upstream side of the upstream recess formation region 20 flows toward the downstream strut 12.
- a pressure distribution in which the pressure gradually increases toward the strut leading edge 12c due to the collision of the exhaust gas E is formed on the upstream side in the main flow direction of the strut leading edge 12c.
- the upstream outer circumferential concave portion 22 increase the cross-sectional area of the exhaust flow path P, so that the pressure gradient becomes relatively gentle.
- the cross-sectional area of the exhaust flow path P is the largest in the vicinity of the center in the mainstream direction, in other words, at the position where the blade thickness of the strut 12 having the airfoil cross-sectional shape is maximized, and then gradually increases. .
- the decrease in the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P is offset by the increase in the cross-sectional areas of the upstream outer peripheral recess 22 and the upstream inner peripheral recess 21.
- the change in the cross-sectional area of the exhaust flow path P becomes gentle. For this reason, the pressure fluctuation of the exhaust gas E becomes relatively gentle, and the pressure loss generated in the exhaust gas E becomes relatively small.
- the increase in the cross-sectional area due to the expansion of the inner peripheral wall surface 10b is reduced by the decrease in the cross-sectional area between the upstream inner peripheral recess 21 and the upstream outer recess 22.
- the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P is gently reduced, and then increases due to the diameter expansion of the inner peripheral wall surface 10b. Even at this time, the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P changes relatively gently. For this reason, the pressure fluctuation of the exhaust gas E becomes relatively gentle, and the pressure loss generated in the exhaust gas E becomes relatively small.
- the upstream inner peripheral recess 21 is formed on the inner peripheral wall surface 10b over the upstream recess forming region 20 including the strut 12 in the main flow direction. Since the upstream outer peripheral concave portion 22 is formed in 11b, the upstream inner peripheral concave portion 21 and the upstream outer peripheral concave portion are compared with the second assumed flow path PY in which the upstream inner peripheral concave portion 21 and the upstream outer peripheral concave portion 22 are not formed. The cross-sectional area of the exhaust flow path P increases by the amount of 22.
- At least a part of the decrease in the cross-sectional area due to the struts 12 can be offset by the increase in the cross-sectional area due to the upstream inner peripheral recess 21 and the upstream outer peripheral recess 22.
- the change of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust flow path P becomes gentler than that of the second hypothetical flow path PY, generation of pressure loss of the exhaust gas E can be suppressed.
- the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P increases compared to the second hypothetical passage PY, so the pressure at the strut leading edge 12c and the strut trailing edge 12d. The effects of change can be mitigated.
- the upstream inner circumferential concave portion 21 and the upstream outer circumferential concave portion 22 are formed so as to include a position where the strut 12 extends in the flow path cross section, a partial region in which the strut 12 is included in the flow path cross section.
- the cross-sectional area of can be increased.
- the cross-sectional area of the flow path partially increases compared to the case where the second hypothetical flow path PY is not formed upstream of the strut leading edge 12c and downstream of the strut trailing edge 12d.
- the influence of the pressure change at the strut leading edge 12c and the strut trailing edge 12d can be greatly reduced.
- a part of the center of the change path of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage P in the range in which the struts 12 extend in the main flow direction is the change of the cross-section area of the first assumed flow path PX and the second assumption. Since the upstream inner circumferential concave portion 21 and the upstream outer circumferential concave portion 22 are formed so as to be between the change trajectories of the flow path PY, the change in the cross sectional area of the exhaust flow path P is the first. It approximates the change in the cross-sectional area of the assumed flow path PX, and pressure loss can be effectively suppressed.
- upstream inner circumferential recess 21 and the upstream outer circumferential recess 22 extend from a position 0.2 L away from the strut leading edge 12 c to the upstream side to a position 0.2 L away from the strut trailing edge 12 d. Since it is formed in the range, pressure loss can be more effectively suppressed.
- FIG. 6 is a correlation diagram between the recessed portion formation region and the diffuser performance improvement amount.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of confirming the amount of improvement in the diffuser performance by changing the upstream start position and the downstream end position of the upstream recess formation region 20. As shown in FIG. 6, as the upstream start position and the downstream end position of the upstream recess formation area 20 are increased, they gradually increase and become the highest in the vicinity of 0.2L1. Then, it gradually decreases, and the amount of improvement in the diffuser performance decreases from around 0.4L1.
- the upstream inner circumferential recess 21 and the upstream outer circumferential recess 22 are separated from the strut leading edge 12c by a distance of 0.2L1 upstream and from the strut trailing edge 12d by a distance of 0.2L1 downstream. Therefore, the diffuser performance can be greatly improved, and the performance of the gas turbine can be improved.
- downstream inner peripheral recessed portion 31 and the downstream outer peripheral recessed portion 32 exhibit the same effects as the upstream inner peripheral recessed portion 21 and the upstream outer peripheral recessed portion 22, so that the pressure loss Can be effectively deterred.
- the diffuser is provided with an upstream recess (upstream inner peripheral recess 21 and upstream outer recess 22) and a downstream recess (downstream inner recess 31 and downstream outer recess 32).
- upstream recess upstream inner peripheral recess 21 and upstream outer recess 22
- downstream recess downstream inner recess 31 and downstream outer recess 32.
- upstream recess and downstream recess may be provided.
- the upstream inner circumferential recess 21 and the upstream outer circumferential recess 22 are separated from the strut leading edge 12c by a distance of 0.2L1 upstream from the strut trailing edge 12d by a distance 0 downstream. Although it is formed in a range up to a position 2L1 apart, as shown in FIG. 6, if the range is up to a position 0.4L1 away, a good amount of improvement in diffuser performance is recognized.
- the upstream inner circumferential recess 21 and the upstream outer circumferential recess 22 are located from a position separated by a distance of 0.4 L1 upstream from the strut leading edge 12 c to a position separated by a distance of 0.4 L1 downstream from the strut trailing edge 12 d. It may be formed in a range. The same applies to the downstream inner circumferential recess 31 and the downstream outer circumferential recess 32.
- the upstream inner peripheral recessed part 21 and the upstream outer peripheral recessed part 22 are formed so that the position where the strut 12 extends in the flow-path cross section, and the position where the manhole 13 extends is included.
- the downstream inner peripheral recess 31 and the downstream outer peripheral recess 32 are formed.
- the recess 40 may be provided only on either the outer peripheral wall surface 11b or the inner peripheral wall surface 10b, or may be provided on both.
- only the recess 40 may be provided instead of the upstream inner periphery recess 21 and the upstream outer periphery recess 22.
- only the recess 40 may be provided instead of the downstream inner periphery recess 31 and the downstream outer periphery recess 32.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、主流方向における構造物の上流及び下流においては、凹部を形成しない場合に比べて、流路の断面積が増加することになるので、構造物の前縁及び後縁における圧力変化の影響を緩和することができる。
本発明によれば、流路断面のうち構造物が含まれる部分的な領域の断面積を大きくすることができる。これにより、流路断面において凹部を構造物から離間した位置に形成した場合に比べて、構造物に衝突した流体を速やかに凹部に逃がすことができるので、効果的に圧力損失を低下させることができる。
さらに、主流方向における構造物の前縁上流及び後縁下流においては、凹部を形成しない場合に比べて、部分的に流路の断面積が増加することになるので、構造物の前縁及び後縁における圧力変化の影響を大幅に緩和することができる。
本発明によれば、流路の断面積の変化が、構造物が無いと仮定した場合の流路の断面積の変化に近似したものとなり、圧力損失を効果的に抑止することができる。
本発明によれば、圧力損失を効果的に抑止することができる。
本発明によれば、圧力損失をより効果的に抑止することができる。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るガスタービン1を示す半断面図である。
図1に示すように、ガスタービン1は、圧縮機2と燃焼器3とタービン4とを備えている。圧縮機2の圧縮機ケーシング2aと、タービン4のタービンケーシング4aとに、ロータ5が挿通されている。
この圧縮機2は、内部に取り入れた空気Aを、圧縮流路の上流側から下流側に向かうにつれて断熱圧縮する。
このタービン4は、燃焼器3で発生した燃焼ガスGを膨張させながら下流に流すことで、ロータ5を介して、燃焼ガスGの熱エネルギーを機械仕事の回転エネルギーに変換している。
図2に示すように、排気ディフューザ10は、排気ケーシング10aと、円筒状の保護ケーシング11と、複数のストラット(構造物)12と、マンホール(構造物)13とを備えている。排気ケーシング10aは、タービンケーシング4aに接続されている。保護ケーシング11は、排気ケーシング10aの内部に設けられており、ロータ5を軸支するジャーナル軸受7等は、保護ケーシング11内部に収容されている。ストラット12は、排気ケーシング10aから保護ケーシング11の内部まで延び、ジャーナル軸受7の周囲に接して同軸受7を保持する。マンホール13は、ジャーナル軸受7等のメンテナンスのために設けられており、これらストラット12よりも下流側に配置されている。
なお、排気ディフューザ10においては、回転中心軸S方向が、排気ガスEの主流の流れる方向にほぼ一致している。
保護ケーシング11は、排気ディフューザ10と同軸に設けられており、主流方向において、タービン4が接続された上流側から下流側に向かって略同径に形成されている。
マンホール13は、排気ケーシング10aの外部と保護ケーシング11の内部(収容空間)とを連通させている。
上記ストラットカバー12bとマンホール13とは、主流に交差する方向に延出しており、排気流路Pにおいて主流の抵抗を低減するために、断面形状が翼型(流線型)となっている。
また、これら上流凹部は、ストラット12の主流方向の長さをL1とした場合に、主流方向に延在する位置が以下のように設定されている。すなわち、主流方向において、ストラット12の最上流に位置するストラット前縁12cから上流側に0.2L1離れた位置から、ストラット12の最下流に位置するストラット後縁12dから下流側に0.2L1離れた位置まで、延在している。
また、これら下流凹部は、図2に示すように、主流方向に向かって漸次深くなった後に、漸次浅くなっており、図3に示すように、周方向に向かって漸次深くなった後に漸次浅くなっている。
まず、排気流路Pは、排気ガスEの流入部から下流側に進むに従ってタービン4の内周壁面10bの拡径によって断面積が大きくなる。その後、上流凹部形成領域20に到達すると、上流凹部による断面積の増加分が内周壁面10bの拡径による断面積の増加分に加わり、断面積の増加率が大きくなる。次に、ストラット前縁12cに到達すると、ストラット12が排気流路Pに占めることによる断面積の減少分が、上流凹部と内周壁面10bの拡径とによる断面積の増加分を上回って、断面積の増加率がマイナスに転じる。そして、排気流路Pの断面積がストラット12の主流方向の中間付近の位置まで減少した後に、上記と反対の軌跡を描いて、断面積が増加する。ストラット後縁12dに到達すると内周壁面10bの拡径による断面積の増加分を上流凹部の断面積の減少分が上回って排気流路Pの断面積が穏やかに減少し、その後、再び内周壁面10bの拡径による断面積の増加だけの軌跡となる。
下流凹部形成領域30の場合も同様である。
図2に示すように、最終段のタービン動翼4cを通過した燃焼ガスGは、排気流路Pに流入する。この排気流路Pは、下流側に進むに従って漸次拡径しているために、排気ガスEの動圧が静圧に変換される。
つまり、ストラット12による断面積の減少分の少なくとも一部を、上流側内周凹部21及び上流側外周凹部22による断面積の増加分で相殺することができる。これにより、排気流路Pの断面積の変化が、第二仮定流路PYに比べて穏やかなものとなるので、排気ガスEの圧力損失の発生を抑止することができる。
さらに、主流方向におけるストラット12の上流及び下流においては、第二仮定流路PYに比べて、排気流路Pの断面積が増加することになるので、ストラット前縁12c及びストラット後縁12dにおける圧力変化の影響を緩和することができる。
さらに、主流方向におけるストラット前縁12cの上流及びストラット後縁12dの下流においては、第二仮定流路PYを形成しない場合に比べて、部分的に流路の断面積が増加することになるので、ストラット前縁12c及びストラット後縁12dにおける圧力変化の影響を大幅に緩和することができる。
図6に示すように、上流凹部形成領域20の上流側の開始位置及び下流側の終了位置を、大きくしていくと、緩やかに増加して、0.2L1付近で最も高くなる。そして、その後緩やかに低下し、0.4L1付近からディフューザ性能向上量が低下していく。
このように、上流側内周凹部21及び上流側外周凹部22を、ストラット前縁12cから上流側に距離0.2L1離れた位置から、ストラット後縁12dから下流側に距離0.2L1離れた位置までの範囲に形成したので、ディフューザ性能を大幅に向上させることができ、ガスタービンの性能を向上させることができる。
この凹部40は、図7に示すように、外周壁面11bまたは内周壁面10bのいずれか一方にのみ設けられてもよいし、双方に設けられてもよい。
また、上流凹部形成領域20において、上流側内周凹部21及び上流側外周凹部22に代えて、凹部40のみを設けてもよい。同様に、下流凹部形成領域30において、下流側内周凹部31及び下流側外周凹部32に代えて、凹部40のみを設けてもよい。
10…排気ディフューザ、
10b…内周壁面(壁面)、
11b…外周壁面(壁面)、
12…ストラット(構造物)、
12c…ストラット前縁(前縁)、
12d…ストラット後縁(後縁)、
13…マンホール(構造物)、
13c…マンホール前縁(前縁)、
13d…マンホール後縁(後縁)、
20…上流凹部形成領域(凹部形成領域)、
21…上流側内周凹部(凹部)、
22…上流側外周凹部(凹部)、
30…下流凹部形成領域(凹部形成領域)、
31…下流側内周凹部(凹部)、
32…下流側外周凹部(凹部)、
40…凹部E…排気ガス(流体)、
P…排気流路
Claims (6)
- 流路を形成する壁面と、
前記壁面から前記流路を流れる流体の主流方向と交差する方向に延出して設けられた構造物と、
前記主流方向において前記構造物を含む範囲に亘って、前記壁面に凹部が形成された凹部形成領域とを備え、
前記構造物が、前記主流と交差する流路断面において前記流路の一部の範囲を占めることにより、前記主流方向に進むに従って前記流路の断面積が変化する流路構造。 - 前記凹部は、前記流路断面において前記壁面のうち前記構造物が延出する位置が含まれるように形成されている請求項1に記載の流路構造。
- 前記凹部は、前記主流方向において前記構造物が延出する範囲での前記流路の断面積の変化の軌跡の一部が、前記構造物と前記凹部とが無いと仮定した場合の前記流路の断面積の変化の軌跡と、前記凹部が無いと仮定した場合の前記流路の断面積の変化の軌跡との間になるように、形成されている請求項1又は2に記載の流路構造。
- 前記凹部は、前記主流方向における前記構造物の前縁から後縁までの長さをLとした場合に、前記前縁から上流側に距離0.4L離れた位置から、前記後縁から下流側に距離0.4L離れた位置までの範囲に形成されている請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の流路構造。
- 前記凹部は、前記前縁から上流側に距離0.2L離れた位置から、前記後縁から下流側に距離0.2L離れた位置までの範囲に形成されている請求項4に記載の流路構造。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の流路構造を有するガスタービン排気ディフューザ。
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PCT/JP2010/073278 WO2012086044A1 (ja) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | 流路構造及びガスタービン排気ディフューザ |
KR1020137015761A KR101509364B1 (ko) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | 유로 구조 및 가스 터빈 배기 디퓨저 |
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