WO2012043556A1 - 鉛蓄電池及びこれを用いたアイドリングストップ車 - Google Patents
鉛蓄電池及びこれを用いたアイドリングストップ車 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012043556A1 WO2012043556A1 PCT/JP2011/072068 JP2011072068W WO2012043556A1 WO 2012043556 A1 WO2012043556 A1 WO 2012043556A1 JP 2011072068 W JP2011072068 W JP 2011072068W WO 2012043556 A1 WO2012043556 A1 WO 2012043556A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/08—Selection of materials as electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/685—Lead alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/73—Grids for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0011—Sulfuric acid-based
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lead-acid battery, for example, a lead-acid battery for an automobile used in PSOC (Partial State of Charge) and an idling stop vehicle.
- PSOC Partial State of Charge
- Patent Document 1 JPS52-136332A
- the idling stop has been performed from the viewpoint of improving the fuel efficiency of automobiles, and as a result, lead-acid batteries have been operated with insufficient charge.
- adding Al ion to electrolyte solution and adding Sb and Sn to a positive electrode active material is proposed (patent document 2 (JP4364054B)).
- Patent Document 2 states that in the above system, a battery having excellent cycle life with respect to the JIS heavy load test and excellent capacity recovery after being left at 60 ° C. for 4 weeks can be obtained.
- Patent Document 3 (WO2007 / 36979) states that when Al ions and Li ions are added to the electrolyte, a battery excellent in idling stop life and 5 hR capacity can be obtained.
- Patent Document 4 (JPS63-148556A) describes that a Pb—Sb—Sn alloy layer is provided on the surface layer of a Pb—Ca-based positive electrode lattice of a lead storage battery.
- the basic problem of the present invention is to significantly improve the 5hR capacity and the low temperature HR capacity, to reduce the decrease in capacity during use, and to reduce the accumulation of lead sulfate with repeated idling stops, and the idling using the same It is to provide a stop car.
- the electrolytic solution contains sulfuric acid and Al ions, and Sn is contained in the pre-formed positive electrode active material.
- the electrolyte further contains Li ions,
- a Pb—Sb alloy layer is provided on a part of a surface layer of a positive electrode lattice made of a Pb—Ca alloy.
- the Pb-Sb-based alloy layer has an Sb concentration of 0.5 to 10 mass% in terms of metal Sb,
- the Sn concentration in the preformed positive electrode active material is 0.05 to 1.0 mass% in terms of metal Sn,
- the Al ion concentration and Li ion concentration in the electrolyte are 0.02 to 0.2 mol / L, respectively.
- Al ions in the electrolyte preferably 0.02 to 0.2 mol / L of Al ions are effective in suppressing sulfation.
- Sn in the positive electrode active material preferably Sn at a concentration of 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, is effective in improving the 5 hR capacity and the low temperature HR capacity.
- the improvement of the low-temperature HR capacity is improved by a combination of Sn in the positive electrode active material and Li ions in the electrolyte.
- any of Al ions, Li ions in the electrolytic solution, and Sn in the positive electrode active material is not effective in preventing the capacity decrease.
- the Sb concentration in the surface layer of the positive electrode lattice is less than 0.5 mass%, and a sufficient effect is obtained when the mass is 0.5 mass% or more. Further, since it is difficult to form an alloy layer exceeding 10 mass%, the Sb concentration in the Pb—Sb alloy layer is set to 0.5 to 10 mass%. The effect of Sb approaches saturation at about 1 mass%, and adding 5 mass% or more does not increase the effect. Therefore, the Sb concentration in the Pb—Sb alloy layer is preferably set to 1.0 to 5 mass% in terms of metal Sb.
- the Sn concentration in the positive electrode active material is 0.05 to 1.0 mass% in terms of metallic Sn, 5 hR capacity and low temperature HR capacity can be improved. Can be improved sufficiently.
- the Li ion concentration in the electrolyte is 0.02 to 0.2 mol / L, which is effective for improving the low-temperature HR capacity.
- the addition amount of Sn is shown in terms of metal Sn.
- concentration of Al ion and Li ion is expressed as the concentration (mol / L) of Al ion and Li ion per liter of electrolyte.
- concentration (mol / L) of Al ion and Li ion per liter of electrolyte is expressed as the concentration (mol / L) of Al ion and Li ion per liter of electrolyte.
- One mole of Al ions corresponds to 171.05 g of aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ).
- Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aluminum sulfate
- the range is shown as 0.5 to 10 mass%, it means 0.5 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less, and the same applies to other cases.
- the Sb content of the preformed positive electrode active material is 0.01 mass% or less. It is not preferable to add Sb to the already formed positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may contain Pb impurities in the active material or Sb derived from the surface layer of the positive electrode lattice, but the concentration is 0.01 mass% or less.
- the positive electrode grid is produced by an expanding method or a punching method.
- a Pb—Sb alloy layer can be easily provided by integrating a Pb—Sb alloy foil on a plate made of a Pb—Ca alloy by rolling, and expanding or stamping after stretching. There is no Pb—Sb alloy layer on at least two of the four surfaces around the mesh section cross section, and the underlying Pb—Ca alloy is exposed.
- the Pb-Sb alloy layer may be provided on both the front and back surfaces of the positive electrode lattice, but the effect is obtained by providing the Pb-Sb alloy layer, and there is no difference in the effect on one side or both sides.
- a Pb-Sb alloy layer on one side because it has advantages such as easy manufacturing, simple manufacturing equipment, easy process control without complicated processes, and low manufacturing cost.
- a Pb-Sb alloy layer is provided on only one side of the front and back.
- the idling stop vehicle using the lead storage battery according to the present invention is improved in the 5hR capacity and low temperature HR capacity of the lead storage battery, the decrease in capacity during use is small, and the accumulation of lead sulfate due to repeated idling stops is small. High performance.
- the idling stop vehicle of the present invention includes the lead storage battery of the present invention, an engine that is ignited and started by the lead storage battery, a transmission, a wheel, a body frame, a lighting fixture, and a generator that is driven by the engine and charges the lead storage battery. And a controller for controlling the engine, a lead storage battery, a generator, and the like.
- the positive grid has a height of 115 mm, a width of 100 mm, a thickness of 1.3 mm, and a Pb-Sb alloy layer that has a depth of about 20 ⁇ m from the surface to the depth. .
- the positive grid has upper and lower edges and ears, and these portions do not have a Pb—Sb alloy layer of about 20 ⁇ m from the surface of one side.
- the composition of the Pb—Ca—Sn alloy used as the base of the Pb—Sb alloy layer can be changed as appropriate, and the size of the positive electrode lattice is arbitrary. Moreover, when the Sb content in the Pb—Sb alloy exceeds 10 mass%, the production becomes difficult.
- the positive electrode lattice may be produced by a reciprocating expanding method or a punching method, and this is the same for the negative electrode lattice.
- the Pb-Sb alloy layer thickness was changed to about 10 ⁇ m, about 20 ⁇ m, and about 40 ⁇ m, and the following tests were performed. The description will be made assuming that the thickness is about 20 ⁇ m.
- the Sb concentration in the Pb—Sb alloy layer is 0.5 to 10 mass%, preferably 1 to 5 mass%.
- the base Pb—Ca—Sn alloy is exposed on the surface excluding the surface provided with the Pb—Sb alloy layer.
- a negative electrode lattice As a negative electrode lattice, a slab containing 0.09 mass% Ca, 0.35 mass% Sn and inevitable impurities, and the remainder being Pb was rolled into a 0.8 mm thick sheet. Subsequently, an expanded negative electrode plate was produced by a rotary expanding method.
- the negative electrode plate has a height of 115 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm.
- the positive electrode active material paste uses lead powder produced by the ball mill method as 100 mass%, adds a predetermined amount of Sn as tin sulfate (SnSO 4 ), adds 0.1 mass% acrylic fiber, and further adds water at 13 mass% and 20 ° C. It was obtained by mixing 6 mass% of dilute sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.40.
- the lead powder is not limited to the ball mill method, but may be a Barton method.
- the addition form of Sn is arbitrary and may be SnO 2 or the like, and the binder is not limited to acrylic fiber, and is optional, and the binder may not be added.
- Lead powder is a mixture of lead and lead oxide.
- the negative electrode active material paste is 100 mass% lead powder produced by the ball mill method, lignin 0.2 mass%, carbon black 0.3 mass%, barium sulfate 0.6 mass%, 0.1 mass% acrylic fiber is added, and water 11 mass% and 20 It was obtained by mixing 7 mass% of dilute sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.40 at °C.
- the lead powder is not limited to the ball mill method, but may be a Barton method or the like, and the composition of the negative electrode active material itself is arbitrary.
- a non-formed negative electrode plate is stored in a bag-shaped polyethylene separator, and eight unformed negative electrode plates and seven unformed positive electrode plates stored in the separator are alternately laminated, and the ears of the same polarity electrode plates are welded together.
- the electrode plate group was used.
- electrode plates are housed in a polypropylene battery case and welded so as to be connected in series, and an electrolyte containing a predetermined amount of Al sulfate and Li sulfate added to dilute sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.230 at 20 ° C. Then, the battery was formed in a 25 ° C. water tank to obtain a 55B24 type lead acid battery.
- the Al ion source and the Li ion source are optional, and for example, in addition to aluminum sulfate and lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium aluminate AlLiO 2 , aluminum hydroxide and lithium hydroxide may be added.
- Sn in the positive electrode active material is present in the positive electrode as Sn 4+ ions or stannate ions Sn (OH) n 4-n
- Sb derived from the positive electrode lattice is an antimony metal or an antimony at the interface between the positive electrode lattice and the positive electrode active material. It can be estimated that it exists as an oxide.
- the mass of the already formed active material is measured by washing the formed electrode plate with water to wash away water-soluble components such as sulfuric acid and then drying, separating the lattice and the active material from the electrode plate.
- Test method 5 hour rate (5hR) capacity test (JIS D 5301: 2006 9.5.2b)), low temperature high rate (HR) discharge test (JIS D 5301: 2006 9.5.3b)), idling A stop life test (battery industry association standard SBA S 0101: 2006, 9.4.5) was conducted. The test was repeated in the order of 5hR capacity test ⁇ low temperature HR discharge test ⁇ 5hR capacity test ⁇ low temperature HR discharge test ⁇ 5hR capacity test, and the ratio between the capacity in the last 5hR capacity test and the capacity in the first 5hR capacity test, The capacity retention was taken. The capacity retention rate represents the degree of PCL (Premature Capacity Loss). The number of samples is 3, and the results are shown as average values.
- PCL Premature Capacity Loss
- Sample A1 is a comparative example that does not contain any of Sb, Sn, Al ions, and Li ions, and has a short life in an idling stop test due to accumulation of lead sulfate.
- the battery was disassembled at 18,000 cycles, and the amount of lead sulfate accumulated in the negative electrode active material was examined. Then, it is confirmed that the accumulation of lead sulfate is a factor that determines the life in the idling stop test, and the result of the idling stop test is shown as a relative value with the accumulation amount of lead sulfate in the sample A1 being 100.
- Sample A2 is a comparative example that contains an appropriate amount of Sn in the positive electrode active material and an appropriate amount of Al ions and Li ions in the electrolyte, but does not contain Sb. Since sample A2 showed good results in the 5hR capacity test and the low temperature HR discharge test, the results of the 5hR capacity test and the low temperature HR discharge test are shown as relative values with the result of sample A2 being 100. From a practical standpoint, the initial performance requires 97 or more for the 5hR capacity test, 97 or more for the low-temperature HR discharge test, and a capacity retention ratio of 0.9 or more is required to prevent PCL from occurring. In order to be possible, the amount of lead sulfate accumulation after the idling stop test needs to be 80 or less.
- Tables 1 to 5 show the results.
- Table 1 shows the results for all samples except A35. Since the number of samples is large, the results on the influence of Sb are extracted and explained in Tables 2 and 3, and the results on Al ions and Li ions are extracted in Table 4. To explain.
- Table 2 shows the influence of whether the Sb addition position is a positive electrode active material or a positive electrode lattice, and the influence of the Sb concentration. In Table 2, except for sample A1, Al ions and Li ions are contained in each 0.1 mol / L electrolytic solution. Sample A1 containing no Sb, Sn, Al ions, or Li ions gave inadequate results in all respects.
- sample A2 when Al ions and Li ions are added to the electrolytic solution and Sn is added to the positive electrode active material (sample A2), it is satisfied except for the capacity retention. Comparing sample A36 with a Sb concentration of 0.01 mass% and sample A37 with 0.1 mass% in the positive electrode active material, the 5 hR capacity in the first cycle and the low-temperature HR discharge performance are in the fifth and first cycles. The sample A36 having an Sb concentration of 0.01 mass% is also superior. Table 5 shows the results of the comparative example (A35) in which Sn is not added to the positive electrode active material but Sn is added to the Pb—Sb alloy layer of the positive electrode lattice.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 indicate that both Sb and Sn are added to the positive electrode active material, 0.01 to 0.2 mass% of Sb is added to the positive electrode active material as Sb 2 O 3 as in samples A6 to A8. Added. The capacity retention increased to 0.92 by the addition of Sb, and the same result was obtained with respect to the capacity retention, whether 0.01 mass% or 0.2 mass% was added.
- the addition of Sb to the positive electrode active material impaired the performance in the 5 hR capacity test and the low temperature HR discharge test, and the performance decreased significantly as the addition amount increased. As described above, when Sb was added to the positive electrode active material, the 5 hR capacity increased by Sn and the low temperature HR capacity were decreased. Therefore, capacity retention, 5hR capacity performance, and low temperature HR discharge performance could not be made compatible.
- Sample A3 shows the effect of adding Sb to the positive electrode lattice, and Sb is added to the surface layer of the lattice as a Pb—Sb alloy layer as described above.
- Sb was added to the surface layer of the positive electrode lattice
- the capacity retention ratio was improved, but the 5 hR capacity and the low temperature HR capacity were not improved.
- samples A9 to A13 0.2 mass% Sn was added to the positive electrode active material, and 0.2 to 10 mass% Sb was added to the surface layer of the positive electrode lattice. From samples A9 to A13, it was found that Sb in the surface layer of the positive electrode lattice improved the capacity retention rate without interfering with the effect of Sn in the positive electrode active material.
- the capacity retention was 0.88, which did not reach the target value of 0.9. Further, comparing Samples A9 and A8 (both Sb concentration is 0.2 mass%), it was found that a higher concentration of Sb was required for addition to the positive electrode lattice in order to obtain the same capacity retention. The effect of Sb in the positive electrode lattice becomes remarkable at 1 mass% (sample A11) or more, and is saturated around 5 mass% (samples A12 and A13).
- the Sb concentration of the Pb-Sb alloy layer is 0.5 to 10 mass%, preferably 1 to 5 mass%.
- samples A3, A12, and A14 to A18 in Table 3 the Sb concentration of the surface layer of the positive electrode lattice was fixed to 5 mass%, and the Sn concentration of the positive electrode active material was changed in the range of 0 to 1.2 mass%.
- samples A31 to A34 both the Sb concentration and the Sn concentration were changed.
- the Sb concentration is 5 mass%, the effect of Sn is small at 0.025 mass% (sample A14), reaches the target value at 0.05 mass% (sample A15), and saturates at 0.2 mass% or more (samples A12, A17, A18). Excessive addition is not preferred.
- the Sn concentration in the positive electrode active material is set to 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mass%. Even when the Sb concentration was set to a value other than 5 mass%, good results were obtained when the Sn concentration was 0.05 to 1.0 mass% (samples A31 to A34). Since the influence of Sn concentration is saturated at 0.2 mass% or more, the Sn concentration in the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mass%.
- Table 4 shows the influence of the concentration of Al ions and Li ions. Accumulation of lead sulfate was remarkable when the Al ion was 0.01 mol / L (sample A19), and the accumulation of lead sulfate was suppressed at 0.02 mol / L or more (samples A20, A27, A28). At 0.3 mol / L or more (Sample A22), the 5 hR capacity and the low temperature HR capacity, particularly the low temperature HR capacity, decreased. Therefore, the concentration of Al ions in the electrolyte is 0.02 to 0.2 mol / L.
- the Li ion was 0.01 mol / L (sample A23), the low-temperature HR capacity decreased, and at 0.02 mol / L or more (samples A24 and A25), the low-temperature HR capacity reached the target value. Even if 0.3 mol / L is added (sample A26), the performance is not improved as compared with the case of 0.2 mol / L (sample A25), so the Li ion concentration in the electrolyte is also set to 0.02 to 0.2 mol / L.
- the Sb concentration of the positive electrode lattice was fixed to 5 mass%
- the Sn concentration of the positive electrode active material was fixed to 0.2 mass%
- the concentrations of Al ions and Li ions were changed (samples A27 to A30).
- Good results were obtained when the concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 mol / L and the Li ion concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 mol / L.
- the effect of Li ions improved the low-temperature HR capacity that was decreased by the addition of Al ions (samples A4, A5, A12), and no improvement in the 5hR capacity was observed.
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Abstract
Description
・ 5hR容量(5時間率電流での放電容量で5時間率容量とも呼ばれる:JIS D 5301:2006の9.5.2b))及び低温HR容量(低温ハイレート電流での放電容量で高率放電容量とも呼ばれる:JIS D 5301:2006の9.5.3b))が大きく、
・ 使用時の容量低下が小さく、従ってPCL(Premature Capacity Loss)が生じ難く、
・ さらにアイドリングストップの繰り返しに伴う硫酸鉛の蓄積が少ない、
鉛蓄電池を追求して、この発明に到った。
電解液がさらにLiイオンを含み、
Pb-Ca系合金からなる正極格子の一部の表層にPb-Sb系合金層を設けたことを特徴とする。
前記既化成正極活物質中のSn濃度が金属Sn換算で0.05~1.0mass%であり、
電解液中のAlイオン濃度とLiイオン濃度とが各々0.02~0.2mol/Lである。
電解液中のLiイオン濃度は、0.02~0.2mol/Lで低温HR容量の向上に有効である。
JIS D 5301に準拠した、55B24形鉛蓄電池を製造した。公称電圧12V、5時間率定格容量は36Ahである。正極格子材料として、0.07mass%のCaと1.5mass%のSnと不可避不純物とを含み、残余がPbである13mm厚のスラブの例えば片面中の、エキスパンド法で展開した後でメッシュになる部分に、不可避不純物を含みSb濃度を0.2~10mass%の範囲で変化させた0.25mm厚のPb-Sb系合金箔を積層し、圧延して1.0mm厚のシートとした。次いでロータリエキスパンド法により正極格子を作製した。正極格子は高さが115mm、幅が100mm、厚さが1.3mm、表面から深さ方向に約20μmがPb-Sb系合金層で、エキスパンド加工によってシートより格子の方が厚さが増している。また正極格子はメッシュ以外に上下の縁と耳とを備え、これらの部分には片面の表面から約20μmのPb-Sb系合金層がない。Pb-Sb系合金層の下地となるPb-Ca-Sn系合金の組成は適宜に変えることでき、正極格子のサイズ等は任意である。またPb-Sb系合金でのSb含有量が10mass%を超えると、製造が困難になる。なおロータリエキスパンド法に代えて、レシプロエキスパンド法、打ち抜き法で正極格子を作製しても良く、この点は負極格子も同様である。
各鉛蓄電池に対し、5時間率(5hR)容量試験(JIS D 5301:2006の9.5.2b))、低温ハイレート(HR)放電試験(JIS D 5301:2006の9.5.3b))、アイドリングストップ寿命試験(電池工業会規格SBA S 0101: 2006の9.4.5)を行った。また5hR容量試験→低温HR放電試験→5hR容量試験→低温HR放電試験→5hR容量試験の順に試験を繰り返し、最後の5hR容量試験での容量と最初の5hR容量試験での容量との比を、容量保持率とした。容量保持率はPCL(Premature Capacity Loss)の程度を表す。試料数は各3で、結果は平均値で示す。
表1~表5に結果を示す。表1はA35以外の全試料の結果を示し、試料数が多いので、Sbの影響に関する結果を表2,表3に抽出して説明し、AlイオンとLiイオンとに関する結果を表4に抽出して説明する。表2は、Sbの添加位置を正極活物質とするか正極格子とするかの影響と、Sb濃度の影響とを示す。表2では、試料A1を除き、AlイオンとLiイオンとを各0.1mol/L電解液に含有する。SbもSnもAlイオンもLiイオンも含まない試料A1では、全ての点で不十分な結果が得られた。これに対して、電解液にAlイオンとLiイオンとを添加し、正極活物質にSnを添加すると(試料A2)、容量保持率を除き満足する。正極活物質中のSb濃度を0.01mass%とした試料A36と0.1mass%とした試料A37とを比較すると、1サイクル目の5hR容量も、低温HR放電性能も、5サイクル目と1サイクル目との容量保持率も、Sb濃度が0.01mass%の試料A36が優れている。正極活物質にSnを添加するのではなく、正極格子のPb-Sb系合金層にSnを添加した比較例(A35)の結果を表5に示す。正極格子のPb-Sb系合金層にSnを添加しても、結果はSn無添加の試料A3とほぼ同等で、正極活物質にSnを添加した実施例とは、5hR性能、低温HR性能において、大差がある。
Claims (8)
- 電解液が硫酸とAlイオンを含み、既化成正極活物質にSnを含有する鉛蓄電池において、
電解液がさらにLiイオンを含み、
Pb-Ca系合金からなる正極格子の一部の表層にPb-Sb系合金層を設けたことを特徴とする、鉛蓄電池。 - 前記Pb-Sb系合金層はSb濃度が金属Sb換算で0.5~10mass%であり、
前記既化成正極活物質中のSn濃度が金属Sn換算で0.05~1.0mass%であり、
電解液中のAlイオン濃度とLiイオン濃度とが各々0.02~0.2mol/Lであることを特徴とする、請求項1の鉛蓄電池。 - 前記既化成正極活物質のSb含有量は0.01mass%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項2の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記正極格子はエキスパンド法もしくは打ち抜き法で作製され、前記Pb-Sb系合金層は正極格子の表裏両面もしくは表裏片面に設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれかの鉛蓄電池。
- 前記Pb-Sb系合金層でのSb濃度が金属Sb換算で1.0~5mass%であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれかの鉛蓄電池。
- 前記Pb-Sb系合金層が正極格子の表裏片面に設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項5の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記既化成正極活物質でのSn濃度が金属Sn換算で0.2~1.0mass%であることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれかの鉛蓄電池。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかの鉛蓄電池を備えているアイドリングストップ車。
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WO2018025837A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-08 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 鉛蓄電池 |
WO2019234860A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-12 | 日立化成株式会社 | 鉛蓄電池 |
WO2020080419A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-23 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 鉛蓄電池 |
JP2020167079A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 古河電池株式会社 | 鉛蓄電池 |
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CN104659372A (zh) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-27 | 天能集团江苏科技有限公司 | 无酸铅锂二次电池负极板及其制备方法 |
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