WO2011111183A1 - 内燃機関の異常検出装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の異常検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011111183A1 WO2011111183A1 PCT/JP2010/053981 JP2010053981W WO2011111183A1 WO 2011111183 A1 WO2011111183 A1 WO 2011111183A1 JP 2010053981 W JP2010053981 W JP 2010053981W WO 2011111183 A1 WO2011111183 A1 WO 2011111183A1
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- imbalance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/0607—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
- F02D19/061—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/0613—Switch-over from one fuel to another
- F02D19/0615—Switch-over from one fuel to another being initiated by automatic means, e.g. based on engine or vehicle operating conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0623—Failure diagnosis or prevention; Safety measures; Testing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
- F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
- F02D41/0085—Balancing of cylinder outputs, e.g. speed, torque or air-fuel ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1497—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
- F02D41/1498—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine measuring engine roughness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
- F02D19/0652—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils
- F02D19/0655—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils at least one fuel being an alcohol, e.g. ethanol
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D2041/224—Diagnosis of the fuel system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to abnormality detection of a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine (engine).
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for detecting an imbalance based on a detection value of an A / F sensor.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for measuring the oxygen storage capacity of a catalyst based on the engine speed.
- the A / F sensor is in an inactive state when the vehicle is started. Therefore, it is difficult to detect the imbalance based on the A / F sensor when the vehicle is started. Therefore, in a bi-fuel vehicle using gaseous fuel such as CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), when the gaseous fuel is used for a limited period such as at the start of the vehicle, the imbalance is based on the A / F sensor during the period. May not be detected. In this case, in order to detect the imbalance during the operation using the gaseous fuel, it is necessary to expand the operation area based on the gaseous fuel.
- CNG Compressed Natural Gas
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
- imbalance detection is appropriately executed without expanding the operating area based on the gaseous fuel.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality detection device for an internal combustion engine that can be used.
- an abnormality detection device for an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of cylinders, an engine that can be operated by switching a plurality of types of fuel including gaseous fuel, and the cylinder during operation based on the gaseous fuel.
- the above-described abnormality detection device for an internal combustion engine is mounted on a vehicle and includes an engine and control means.
- the engine is a multi-cylinder engine and is a bi-fuel engine that can be operated by switching a plurality of types of fuel including gaseous fuel.
- the control means is, for example, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), and when an abnormality in air-fuel ratio variation between cylinders, that is, an imbalance is detected during operation based on gaseous fuel, a change in engine speed, or An abnormality is detected based on at least one of changes in pressure pulsation of the gaseous fuel caused by fuel injection.
- “Operation based on gaseous fuel” refers to operation using gaseous fuel as a power source for the engine.
- the catalyst further includes an exhaust passage communicating with the engine, the engine can be operated by switching between compressed natural gas and liquid fuel, and the control means Performs the operation based on the compressed natural gas only when the catalyst is below a predetermined temperature below the activation temperature.
- the abnormality detection device for an internal combustion engine is used when the catalyst is below a predetermined temperature lower than the activation temperature, that is, when the catalyst cannot fully function and there is a risk of emission deterioration in operation based on liquid fuel. As long as the operation is based on compressed natural gas.
- the abnormality detection device for the internal combustion engine detects the abnormality based on at least one of the change in the engine speed or the change in the pressure pulsation of the gaseous fuel caused by the fuel injection. While reliably detecting the balance, it is possible to suppress the expansion of the operating region based on the gaseous fuel in order to detect the imbalance.
- the control means uses a reference for determining whether or not the abnormality is in the detection method for detecting the abnormality during operation based on the gaseous fuel. Then, correction is performed based on the measurement value obtained by a detection method other than the detection method.
- “Criteria for determining whether or not there is an abnormality” refers to a threshold value to be compared with the detected change in engine speed, for example, when imbalance is detected based on a change in engine speed, and changes in pressure pulsation In the case of detecting imbalance based on the threshold value, it indicates a threshold value to be compared with the detected change in pressure pulsation.
- the “measured value” refers to, for example, a detected change in engine speed when detecting an imbalance based on a change in engine speed, and when an imbalance is detected based on a change in pressure pulsation. Indicates a detected change in pressure pulsation.
- the control means corrects the reference used in one detection method based on the measurement value obtained by the other detection method, thereby improving the accuracy of the reference of the imbalance detection method and improving the detection accuracy of the imbalance. Can be improved.
- the control unit performs the correction when a detection method other than the detection method belongs to an operation region with higher detection accuracy than the detection method.
- the abnormality detection device for an internal combustion engine corrects the reference on the correction side when the detection method on the correction side has higher detection accuracy than the detection method on the correction side. The accuracy of the reference of the detection method can be improved, and the detection accuracy of imbalance can be improved.
- the engine further includes a sensor that outputs a detection value corresponding to an air-fuel ratio, and the number of rotations after the activation of the sensor and during operation based on the gaseous fuel. And / or a reference used for detecting the abnormality based on the change in pressure pulsation is corrected based on the output of the sensor.
- the above-mentioned sensor corresponds to an A / F sensor or an O2 sensor, for example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an internal combustion engine (engine) to which an abnormality detection device for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is applied.
- a solid line arrow in the figure shows an example of a gas flow.
- the internal combustion engine 100 mainly includes a first fuel injection valve 1x, a second fuel injection valve 1y, an intake valve 2, an ignition plug 3, an exhaust valve 4, a cylinder head 5, a cam angle sensor 6, A cylinder 7, a combustion chamber 8, a piston 9, a connecting rod 10, an intake passage 11, an electronic throttle valve 12, a surge tank 13, a water temperature sensor 14, an A / F sensor 15, an exhaust passage 16, Knock sensor 17, fuel delivery pipe 18, gas temperature sensor 19, oil separator 20, regulator 21, shutoff valve 22, gas pressure sensor 23, fuel passage 24, first fuel tank 25, throttle An opening sensor 26, an engine speed sensor 27, a catalyst 28, and an ECU 50 are included.
- FIG. 1 only one cylinder 7 is shown for convenience of explanation, but it is assumed that the internal combustion engine 100 actually has a plurality of cylinders 7.
- the intake air (air) introduced from the outside passes through the intake passage 11, and the electronic throttle valve 12 adjusts the flow rate of the intake air passing through the intake passage 11.
- the opening of the electronic throttle valve 12 is controlled by a control signal supplied from the ECU 50 (hereinafter referred to as “throttle opening”).
- the surge tank 13 is provided on the intake passage 11 and stores air (intake air) and distributes the intake air to the combustion chambers 8 of the respective cylinders through the intake port.
- the combustion chamber 8 is supplied with the fuel injected by the first fuel injection valve (injector) 1x and the second fuel injection valve 1y.
- 1st fuel injection valve 1x injects CNG (compressed natural gas) which is gaseous fuel stored in the 1st fuel tank 25 based on control of ECU50.
- the second fuel injection valve 1y injects liquid fuel stored in a second fuel tank (not shown) based on the control of the ECU 50.
- the liquid fuel is, for example, gasoline, light oil, alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, or a mixed fuel thereof.
- the combustion chamber 8 is provided with an intake valve 2 and an exhaust valve 4.
- the intake valve 2 controls communication / blocking between the intake passage 11 and the combustion chamber 8 by opening and closing.
- the exhaust valve 4 controls communication / blocking between the exhaust passage 16 and the combustion chamber 8 by opening and closing.
- the intake valve 2 and the exhaust valve 4 are each controlled in valve opening timing, valve closing timing, lift amount and the like by a camshaft (not shown).
- the cam angle sensor 6 detects the angle (phase) of the camshaft and supplies a detection signal S6 to the ECU 50.
- the air-fuel mixture of the intake air and fuel supplied as described above in the intake stroke is combusted by being ignited by the spark plug 3 after passing through the compression stroke.
- the piston 9 reciprocates by combustion, the reciprocating motion is transmitted to the crankshaft (not shown) via the connecting rod 10, and the crankshaft rotates.
- the exhaust gas generated by the combustion in the combustion chamber 8 is discharged to the exhaust passage 16 in the exhaust stroke.
- an A / F sensor 15 and a catalyst 28 are provided on the exhaust passage 16.
- the A / F sensor 15 generates an output voltage proportional to the air-fuel ratio of the combusted air-fuel mixture (hereinafter referred to as “air-fuel ratio AF”).
- the output voltage of the A / F sensor 15 is supplied to the ECU 50 by the detection signal S15.
- the engine block is provided with a water temperature sensor 14 and a knock sensor 17.
- the water temperature sensor 14 detects the water temperature (engine water temperature) of the coolant in the water jacket.
- the water temperature sensor 14 supplies a detection signal S14 corresponding to the engine water temperature to the ECU 50.
- the knock sensor 17 detects knocking based on the vibration of the cylinder block. Knock sensor 17 supplies detection signal S17 to ECU 50.
- a gas pressure sensor 23, a shut-off valve 22, a regulator 21, and an oil separator 20 are provided on the fuel passage 24 communicating with the first fuel tank 25.
- the gas pressure sensor 23 detects a gas pressure corresponding to the fuel pressure in the fuel passage 24 and supplies a detection signal S23 to the ECU 50.
- the shutoff valve 22 adjusts the conduction / shutoff of the fuel passage 24 based on the control of the ECU 50.
- the regulator 21 is a mechanism that keeps the fuel pressure constant.
- the oil separator 20 separates impurities from the fuel passing through the fuel passage 24 and supplies the fuel from which the impurities have been removed to the fuel delivery pipe 18.
- the fuel delivery pipe 18 distributes the fuel supplied from the fuel passage 24 to the first fuel injection valves 1x corresponding to the cylinders 7 respectively. Further, the fuel delivery pipe 18 is provided with a gas pressure sensor 19 for detecting the gas pressure (fuel pressure) in the fuel delivery pipe 18. The gas pressure sensor 19 supplies a detection signal S19 corresponding to the gas pressure to the ECU 50.
- the engine speed sensor 27 generates an output pulse indicating the engine speed (hereinafter referred to as “engine speed Ne”).
- the engine speed sensor 27 supplies the output pulse to the ECU 50 by the detection signal S27.
- the ECU 50 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like (not shown), and performs various controls on each component of the internal combustion engine 100. For example, the ECU 50 controls the first and second fuel injection valves 1x, 1y and the like based on the detection signal supplied as described above. Further, the ECU 50 determines the engine speed based on the engine speed Ne detected from the engine speed sensor 27 and the gas pressure detected from the gas pressure sensor 23 or the gas pressure sensor 19 (hereinafter referred to as “gas pressure Pg”). Balance detection (hereinafter referred to as “imbalance detection”) is performed. The ECU 50 functions as control means in the present invention.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the ECU 50 controls the first and second fuel injection valves 1x, 1y and the like based on the detection signal supplied as described above. Further, the ECU 50 determines the engine speed based on the engine speed Ne detected from the engine
- CNG operation refers to an operation in which fuel injection is performed by the first fuel injection valve 1x, that is, an operation using CNG as a power source
- liquid fuel operation refers to a second operation. This refers to an operation in which fuel injection is performed by the fuel injection valve 1y, that is, an operation using liquid fuel as a power source.
- the “imbalance ratio” refers to the ratio of deviation when the fuel injection amount of only one cylinder deviates from the stoichiometric amount.
- the ECU 50 detects based on the engine speed Ne (hereinafter referred to as “rotational fluctuation detection”) and / or the gas pressure Pg. Detection based on this (hereinafter referred to as “gas pressure fluctuation detection”) is performed. Then, the ECU 50 performs the CNG operation only in the operation region at the start of the vehicle in which the temperature of the catalyst 28 (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst bed temperature”) does not reach the activation temperature and the emission may be deteriorated. Liquid fuel operation is performed in the operation region. Thereby, ECU50 performs imbalance detection, suppressing the expansion of the driving
- the rotation fluctuation detection and the gas pressure fluctuation detection will be specifically described.
- the internal combustion engine 100 is a four-cylinder engine, and the cylinders 7 are referred to as “first cylinder” to “fourth cylinder”, respectively.
- the ECU 50 detects an imbalance between the cylinders during CNG operation based on a change in the engine speed Ne detected from the engine speed sensor 27. As a result, the ECU 50 accurately detects when only a specific cylinder 7 becomes abnormal on the rich side or abnormal on the lean side.
- the ECU 50 monitors the engine speed Ne corresponding to each period of each cylinder 7 and detects the occurrence of imbalance. Thereby, imbalances on both the rich side and the lean side can be detected.
- FIG. 2 (a) is an example of a graph showing the time change of the crank angle in one cycle.
- the crank angle changes in the range of 0 ° to 720 ° in one cycle.
- the “first time width ⁇ T1” corresponds to the time width during which the first cylinder outputs power to the crankshaft
- the “fourth time width ⁇ T4” indicates the power from the fourth cylinder to the crankshaft.
- the “third time width ⁇ T3” corresponds to the time width for the third cylinder to output power to the crankshaft
- the “second time width ⁇ T2” for the second cylinder to the crankshaft This corresponds to the time width for outputting power to the motor.
- the first time width ⁇ T1 to the third time width ⁇ T3 are substantially equal time widths.
- the fourth time width ⁇ T4 is longer than the first time width ⁇ T1 to the third time width ⁇ T3 due to combustion deterioration of the fourth cylinder based on imbalance.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram in which the engine speed Ne in one cycle is plotted for each period corresponding to the first time width ⁇ T1 to the fourth time width ⁇ T4.
- the corresponding point “PNe1” corresponds to the engine speed Ne when the first cylinder outputs power to the crankshaft
- the corresponding point “PNe4” outputs power to the crankshaft.
- the corresponding point “PNe3” corresponds to the engine speed Ne when the third cylinder outputs power to the crankshaft
- the corresponding point “PNe2” corresponds to the second cylinder. This corresponds to the engine speed Ne when power is output to the crankshaft.
- each engine speed Ne is inversely proportional to the first time width ⁇ T1 to the fourth time width T4. Accordingly, in FIG. 2B, the engine speed Ne corresponding to the first time width ⁇ T1 to the third time width ⁇ T3 is substantially equal, and the engine speed Ne corresponding to the fourth time width ⁇ T4 is imbalanced. Due to the deterioration of combustion of the fourth cylinder based on this, it is smaller than the other engine speed Ne.
- the ECU 50 acquires the engine speed Ne corresponding to the first time width ⁇ T1 to the fourth time width ⁇ T4 from the engine speed sensor 27. Then, the ECU 50 determines the presence or absence of imbalance based on the change in the engine speed Ne. For example, when the ECU 50 specifies a value that changes more than a predetermined value (hereinafter referred to as “threshold value ⁇ Neth”) from the values acquired immediately before and / or immediately after the acquired engine speed Ne, the imbalance is determined. Is determined to have occurred. The above threshold value ⁇ Neth is determined based on an experiment or the like in consideration of the imbalance ratio to be detected.
- the ECU 50 changes the rotational speed change “ ⁇ Ne” corresponding to the difference between the engine rotational speed Ne at the corresponding point PNe4 and the engine rotational speed Ne at the corresponding point PNe3 or the corresponding point PNe1. ”Is detected.
- the rotation speed change ⁇ Ne may be a difference calculated based on either the corresponding point PNe1 or the corresponding point PNe3, or may be an average of differences calculated based on the corresponding point PNe1 or the corresponding point PNe3.
- the ECU 50 determines that an imbalance has occurred when the rotation speed change ⁇ Ne is larger than the threshold value ⁇ Neth.
- the rotational speed change ⁇ Ne is equal to or less than the threshold value ⁇ Neth, the ECU 50 determines that an imbalance has not occurred or that the imbalance ratio is small enough to be overlooked.
- the ECU 50 can detect the imbalance in each cylinder based on the change in the engine speed Ne.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in the discharge amount of THC (Total Hydro Carbon) with respect to the air-fuel ratio AF.
- THC is a compound that is discharged during CNG operation and serves as an index of combustion stability.
- a graph “Ga” shows a case where the engine speed Ne is “650 rpm” in the idling state
- a graph “Gb” shows a case where the internal combustion engine 100 is heavily loaded and the engine speed Ne is “2000 rpm”.
- the graph “Gc” shows a case where the internal combustion engine 100 is low in load and the engine speed Ne is “2000 rpm”, and the graph “Gd” is a case where the internal combustion engine 100 is high in load and the engine speed Ne is “1200 rpm”.
- the graph “Ge” shows a case where the internal combustion engine 100 is lightly loaded and the engine speed Ne is “1200 rpm”.
- the THC emission amount increases as the air-fuel ratio AF becomes richer in any of the operation states indicated by the graphs Ga to Gd.
- the combustion stability deteriorates as the air-fuel ratio AF shifts to the rich side in any operation state. Therefore, in the case of CNG operation, the ECU 50 can determine the deterioration of combustion for each cylinder 7 based on the change in the engine speed Ne as described above and detect the imbalance toward the rich side.
- the ECU 50 can detect the imbalance toward the lean side based on the engine speed Ne in both the CNG operation and the liquid fuel operation.
- the ECU 50 can detect the imbalance to the lean side and the rich side based on the rotation fluctuation detection during the CNG operation.
- the ECU 50 detects the gas pressure Pg and determines the presence or absence of imbalance based on the change in the pulsation of the gas pressure Pg based on the fuel injection. Specifically, the ECU 50 calculates the degree of decrease in the gas pressure Pg corresponding to the fuel injection to each cylinder 7 based on the detected gas pressure Pg, and estimates the fuel injection amount of each cylinder 7. Thereby, the ECU 50 detects this when only the specific cylinder 7 becomes abnormal on the rich side or abnormal on the lean side.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a graph of the time change of the gas pressure Pg in the CNG operation.
- the graph of FIG. 4 is a graph connecting corresponding points corresponding to the gas pressure Pg acquired by the gas pressure sensor 19 at regular intervals.
- the fuel injection period to the first cylinder is “first cylinder injection period Tw1”
- the fuel injection period to the second cylinder is “second cylinder injection period Tw2”
- the fuel injection period to the third cylinder is
- the “third cylinder injection period Tw3” and the fuel injection period to the fourth cylinder are referred to as “fourth cylinder injection period Tw4”.
- the gas pressure Pg temporarily decreases due to fuel injection into each of the first to fourth cylinders.
- the gas pressure Pg is temporarily reduced due to fuel injection into the first cylinder, and thereafter, the gas pressure Pg is kept constant by the regulator 21.
- the gas pressure Pg temporarily decreases due to fuel injection.
- the ECU 50 indicates the area indicated by the locus of the gas pressure Pg decreased due to the respective fuel injections in the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4 (individual in FIG. 4).
- gas pressure reduction area Ad the concave gas pressure reduction area Ad formed in the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4 to correspond to the fuel injection amount, and the larger the area, the more fuel to the cylinder. The larger the injection amount and the smaller the area, the smaller the fuel injection amount to the cylinder.
- the ECU 50 first identifies corresponding points “P1a” to “P4a” corresponding to the gas pressure Pg detected immediately before fuel injection, as shown in FIG. That is, the corresponding points “P1a” to “P4a” correspond to the gas pressure Pg at the start of the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4. For example, when the detected gas pressure Pg is smaller than a predetermined value and the gas pressure Pg acquired immediately before is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the ECU 50 sets the gas pressure Pg acquired immediately before the corresponding points “P1a” to “P1a” to It is specified as “P4a”.
- the predetermined value is set to a lower limit value that can be taken by the gas pressure Pg when there is no fuel injection, for example.
- the ECU 50 identifies corresponding points “P1c” to “P4c” corresponding to the gas pressure Pg detected immediately after fuel injection from FIG. That is, the corresponding points “P1c” to “P4c” correspond to the gas pressure Pg at the end of the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4. For example, when the detected gas pressure Pg is equal to or higher than the above-described predetermined value and the gas pressure Pg acquired immediately before is less than the predetermined value, the ECU 50 sets the detected gas pressure Pg to the corresponding points “P1c” to “P1c”. It is specified as “P4c”.
- the ECU 50 specifies corresponding points “P1b” to “P4b” indicating the lower limit values of the gas pressure Pg in the injection periods of the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4.
- the ECU 50 has the smallest gas pressure Pg in the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4 specified by the corresponding points “P1a” to “P4a” and the corresponding points “P1c” to “P4c”.
- the points are identified as corresponding points P1b to P4b.
- the ECU 50 specifies the gas pressure decrease area Ad corresponding to each injection period. For example, the ECU 50 regards each corresponding point as a two-dimensional coordinate between the time and the gas pressure Pg, and specifies the area of the triangle formed by the corresponding points P1a to P1c as the gas pressure decrease area Ad in the first cylinder injection period Tw1. To do. Similarly, the ECU 50 specifies the gas pressure reduction area Ad in the second cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4 from three sets of corresponding points.
- the ECU 50 regards the gas pressure reduction area Ad as equivalent to the fuel injection amount to each cylinder 7 and determines whether there is an imbalance. For example, the ECU 50 calculates a representative value such as an average value or a median value of each gas pressure decrease area Ad, and determines whether there is a gas pressure decrease area Ad that is a predetermined value or more away from the representative value. When there is a gas pressure decrease area Ad that is a predetermined value or more away from the representative value, the ECU 50 determines that an imbalance has occurred in the cylinder 7 corresponding to the gas pressure decrease area Ad. In addition, the ECU 50 presets a range of the gas pressure decrease area Ad that is estimated to have no imbalance. If any of the gas pressure decrease areas Ad does not belong to the above range, the imbalance is It may be determined that it has occurred.
- a representative value such as an average value or a median value of each gas pressure decrease area Ad
- the ECU 50 detects imbalance based on the lower limit value of each gas pressure Pg (hereinafter referred to as “lower limit gas pressure PglmL”) in the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4. I do. That is, in this case, the ECU 50 determines that the smaller the lower limit gas pressure PglmL, the larger the fuel injection amount, and the smaller the decrease in the gas pressure Pg, the smaller the fuel injection amount.
- the ECU 50 specifies the lower limit gas pressure PglmL corresponding to each injection period. For example, as in the first example, the ECU 50 specifies corresponding points P1b to P4b corresponding to the lower limit gas pressure PglmL from the first cylinder injection period Tw1 to the fourth cylinder injection period Tw4.
- each lower limit gas pressure PglmL determines the presence or absence of imbalance based on each lower limit gas pressure PglmL. For example, the ECU 50 calculates a representative value such as an average or median value of the respective lower limit gas pressures PglimL, and determines that an imbalance has occurred when each lower limit gas pressure PglmL is more than a predetermined value from the representative value. .
- the predetermined value is determined based on, for example, an imbalance ratio to be detected and stored in the memory of the ECU 50.
- the ECU 50 presets a range of the lower limit gas pressure PglimL that is estimated to have no imbalance. If any of the lower limit gas pressures PglimL does not belong to the above range, an imbalance occurs. It may be determined that The above-mentioned range is determined based on, for example, the imbalance ratio to be detected, and is stored in the memory of the ECU 50.
- the ECU 50 may execute the rotation fluctuation detection and the gas pressure fluctuation detection at the same time to determine whether there is an imbalance.
- the ECU 50 may determine that there is an imbalance when determining that there is an imbalance based on at least one of the detection methods, and may determine that there is an imbalance with both detection methods. In some cases, it may be determined that there is an imbalance.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram conceptually showing an imbalance detection method based on the A / F sensor 15.
- FIG. 5 (a) shows a temporal change in the exhaust pressure based on the exhaust strokes of the first cylinder to the fourth cylinder in one cycle.
- FIG. 5B shows a time change of the air-fuel ratio AF based on the detection value of the A / F sensor 15 corresponding to FIG.
- “first cylinder exhaust period Te1” to “fourth cylinder exhaust period Te4” indicate periods corresponding to the exhaust strokes of the first cylinder to the fourth cylinder, respectively.
- the four cylinders 7 have an exhaust stroke in the order of the first cylinder, the fourth cylinder, the third cylinder, and the second cylinder, and the exhaust pressure temporarily rises accordingly.
- the ECU 50 detects that the detected value of the A / F sensor 15 has a predetermined fluctuation during the fourth cylinder exhaust period Te4 corresponding to the period from the time “t1” to the time “t2”. It is detected that the width is changed by “W”. In this case, the ECU 50 determines that an imbalance has occurred when the fluctuation range W is greater than a predetermined threshold value (hereinafter referred to as “threshold value Wth”).
- threshold value Wth a predetermined threshold value
- the threshold value Wth is determined based on experiments and the like in consideration of the imbalance ratio to be detected. On the other hand, when the fluctuation range W is equal to or smaller than the threshold value Wth, the ECU 50 determines that no imbalance has occurred or that the imbalance ratio is small enough to be overlooked.
- the ECU 50 determines that the detection accuracy based on the A / F sensor 15 is low, the ECU 50 performs rotation fluctuation detection and / or gas pressure fluctuation detection.
- the ECU 50 estimates the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 based on, for example, whether or not the A / F sensor 15 is in an active state and whether or not the intake air amount is a predetermined amount or more.
- the ECU 50 determines that the A / F sensor 15 is in an active state, for example, when the time width after energization of the A / F sensor 15 reaches a predetermined time width.
- the ECU 50 determines that the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is low when it is determined that the A / F sensor 15 is not in the active state or when the intake air amount is less than a predetermined amount. On the other hand, the ECU 50 determines that the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is high when the A / F sensor 15 is in the active state and the intake air amount is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount.
- the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 will be further described in the (Effect) section described later.
- the ECU 50 performs imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15 during the liquid fuel operation.
- the ECU 50 detects rotation fluctuation during the liquid fuel operation, detects imbalance toward the rich side by imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15, and leans by detecting rotation fluctuation. Detect imbalance to the side.
- FIG. 6 shows a graph of the change over time in the catalyst bed temperature and the vehicle speed at the start of a vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine 100 (hereinafter simply referred to as “mounted vehicle”).
- the graph “G1” shows the change over time of the catalyst bed temperature
- the graph “G2” shows the change over time of the vehicle speed.
- the “emission requirement region” refers to an operation region in which the emission may be deteriorated due to the low catalyst bed temperature.
- the ECU 50 performs CNG operation in order to suppress the emission deterioration.
- the ECU 50 suppresses the exhaust gas concentration to a low level and suppresses the deterioration of the emissions due to the low catalyst bed temperature.
- the A / F sensor 15 is activated. Therefore, the ECU 50 can execute imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15. However, even in this case, the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is low until time “t3” due to the small amount of intake air. Then, after time “t3”, the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is increased due to the activation of the A / F sensor 15 and the intake air amount becoming a certain level or more.
- the ECU 50 when performing imbalance detection based on only the A / F sensor 15 during CNG operation (hereinafter referred to as “comparative example”), the ECU 50 performs CNG imbalance detection in the emission request region. I can't. Therefore, in the case of the comparative example, in order to execute imbalance detection in the CNG operation, it is necessary to postpone the CNG operation until the time t2 or the time t3, or to restart the CNG operation again after the time t2 or the time t3. Arise. In other words, in this case, the operation range in which the CNG operation is performed is expanded.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing emissions of NOx and NMHC (Non Methane Hydro Carbons) corresponding to each imbalance ratio. Specifically, the graph “G3” indicates the NOx emission amount corresponding to each imbalance ratio, and the graph “G4” indicates the NMHC emission amount corresponding to each imbalance ratio. As shown in FIG. 7, with an increase in the imbalance ratio, emissions of NOx and NMHC increase, and emissions deteriorate.
- NOx and NMHC Non Methane Hydro Carbons
- the ECU 50 performs rotation fluctuation detection and / or gas pressure fluctuation detection during CNG operation, and suppresses expansion of the CNG operation region even when the A / F sensor 15 is inactive. Imbalance detection can be performed. Therefore, the ECU 50 can limit the CNG operation region at the time of starting the mounted vehicle, that is, when the catalyst bed temperature does not reach the activation temperature, and increase the capacity of the first fuel tank 25 and complicate the control. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 8 is an example of a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the first embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 8 is repeatedly executed by the ECU 50 according to a predetermined cycle.
- the ECU 50 starts the CNG operation based on the CNG operation start request (step S101).
- the ECU 50 determines that the CNG operation should be started when the mounted vehicle is started.
- the ECU 50 detects an operation switching request from the CNG operation to the liquid fuel operation (step S102). For example, the ECU 50 detects a request for switching from the CNG operation to the liquid fuel operation when the catalyst bed temperature reaches a predetermined temperature or higher and there is no risk of emission deterioration even if the liquid fuel operation is executed.
- the ECU 50 determines whether or not the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is high (step S103). Specifically, the ECU 50 determines whether the A / F sensor 15 is active and whether the intake air amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount.
- step S103 When the ECU 50 determines that the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is high (step S103; Yes), the ECU 50 performs imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15 (step S104). On the other hand, when the ECU 50 determines that the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is not high (step S103; No), the ECU 50 performs imbalance detection based on the engine speed sensor 27 and / or the gas pressure sensor 19 (step S105). . That is, in this case, the ECU 50 performs rotation fluctuation detection and / or gas pressure fluctuation detection.
- the ECU 50 switches from the CNG operation to the liquid fuel operation (step S106).
- the ECU 50 performs rotation fluctuation detection and / or gas pressure fluctuation detection to expand the CNG operation range. Imbalance detection can be executed without any problem.
- step S103 when the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor is not high in step S103 (step S103; No), the ECU 50 waits until the detection accuracy of the A / F sensor 15 is increased in step S103, for example. It will be. As a result, the period during which the CNG operation is executed is prolonged.
- the ECU 50 performs imbalance detection by a plurality of methods during CNG operation, and a reference value for determining the presence or absence of imbalance based on these measured values. (Hereinafter referred to as “imbalance reference value Jith”). Thereby, ECU50 performs imbalance detection with higher accuracy.
- the above-described measured value that is, a value to be compared with the imbalance reference value Jith calculated based on each imbalance detection method is referred to as an “imbalance determination value Ji”. That is, the imbalance reference value Jith corresponds to the above-described threshold Wth, threshold ⁇ Neth, and the like, and the imbalance determination value Ji corresponds to the fluctuation range W, the rotation speed change ⁇ Ne, and the like.
- the ECU 50 determines a main imbalance detection method (hereinafter referred to as “main determination method”) for determining the presence or absence of imbalance, and determines the imbalance determination calculated by the imbalance detection method.
- the imbalance is determined based on the value Ji.
- the ECU 50 corrects the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method based on the imbalance determination value Ji calculated by an imbalance detection method other than the main determination method (hereinafter referred to as “sub-determination method”).
- the ECU 50 stores in advance a map indicating the correction amount of the imbalance reference value Jith corresponding to the imbalance determination value Ji of the main determination method and the imbalance determination value Ji of the sub determination method, and refers to the map.
- the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method is corrected.
- the ECU 50 determines the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method. Correct.
- the criterion for determining that the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method is imbalance is Correct so that it becomes severe.
- the ECU 50 determines the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method as imbalance. Correct so that is relaxed.
- the ECU 50 performs imbalance detection during CNG operation after the A / F sensor 15 is activated.
- the ECU 50 uses the rotation speed variation detection and / or gas pressure fluctuation detection as the main determination method and imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15 as the sub determination method
- the ECU 50 performs the CNG operation after the A / F sensor 15 is activated.
- the ECU 50 executes the main determination method and the sub determination method, and corrects the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method based on the imbalance determination value Ji of the A / F sensor 15.
- the ECU 50 limits the opportunity for correcting the imbalance reference value Jith as will be described later, and limits the opportunity for imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15, so that Similarly, the expansion of the CNG operation area can be minimized.
- the ECU 50 corrects the imbalance reference value Jith in an operation region in which the detection accuracy of the sub determination method is higher than the detection accuracy of the main determination method. For example, when the detection of the rotational speed fluctuation is the main determination, and the gas pressure fluctuation detection and the A / F sensor 15 are the sub-determination method, the ECU 50 is idling or an operating state equivalent thereto, that is, the engine rotational speed Ne is a predetermined value. In the operation region where the load is small and the load is low, the imbalance reference value Jith for rotation fluctuation detection is corrected based on the gas pressure fluctuation detection.
- the ECU 50 corrects the imbalance reference value Jith for rotational fluctuation detection based on the imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15 in the region where the intake air amount is large. By doing in this way, ECU50 can determine appropriately the timing which correct
- the ECU 50 determines that the imbalance determination value Ji calculated based on the main determination method is within a predetermined range (hereinafter referred to as “determination doubt range Iw”), the main determination method. And the sub-determination method are simultaneously executed. Then, the ECU 50 corrects the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method based on the sub determination method.
- the above-mentioned determination doubt range Iw is increased as the imbalance ratio to be detected is increased. This will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the range of the imbalance determination value Ji for each imbalance ratio.
- the “range of imbalance determination values Ji” refers to a range in the vicinity of the average value of the imbalance determination values Ji corresponding to each imbalance ratio.
- the line segment “We0” indicates the range of the imbalance determination value Ji when the imbalance ratio is 0, that is, when there is no imbalance, and the line segment “We1” indicates the imbalance ratio.
- line segments “We2” to “We6” indicate ranges of imbalance determination values Ji when the imbalance ratio is 20% to 60%, respectively.
- the range of the imbalance determination value Ji increases from the range of the normal imbalance determination value Ji corresponding to the line segment We0. Therefore, when the imbalance ratio is 40% or more, there is a gray zone corresponding to the triangle in FIG. 9 that does not belong to either the range indicated by the line segment We0 or the range indicated by the line segment corresponding to the imbalance ratio. It is formed.
- the ECU 50 determines the imbalance detection value based on the main determination method and the sub determination method when the determination doubt range Iw corresponding to the gray zone is determined in advance and the imbalance determination value Ji based on the main determination method belongs to the range. I do.
- the above-mentioned determination doubt range Iw is set based on experiments or the like in the vicinity of the imbalance reference value Jith, for example.
- the ECU 50 corrects the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method after determining whether or not there is an imbalance based on the main determination method and the sub determination method. By doing in this way, ECU50 can determine appropriately the timing which should correct
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the first embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 is repeatedly executed by the ECU 50 according to a predetermined cycle.
- the ECU 50 determines whether or not it is an operating region in which the accuracy of the main determination method is higher than that of the sub determination method (step S201). And ECU50 determines the presence or absence of imbalance by a main determination method, when it is a driving
- the ECU 50 calculates an imbalance determination value Ji of the main determination method and the sub-determination method (step S203) in the case of an operation region where the accuracy of the main determination method is not higher than that of the sub-determination method (step S201; No). Then, the ECU 50 determines whether or not there is an imbalance (step S204). In this case, the ECU 50 may determine the presence / absence of imbalance based on the main determination method and the sub determination method, or may determine the presence / absence of imbalance based only on the sub determination method. In the former case, when the determination is different between the main determination method and the sub determination method, the ECU 50 gives priority to the determination of the sub determination method, for example. In another example, when three or more imbalance detections are executed by the main determination method and the sub determination method, the ECU 50 determines the presence / absence of imbalance based on the majority of the determination results of each imbalance detection. Also good.
- the ECU 50 corrects the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method based on the imbalance determination value Ji of the sub determination method (step S205). For example, if the determination result based on the imbalance determination value Ji of the main determination method is different from the determination result based on the imbalance determination value Ji of the sub determination method, the ECU 50 sets the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method. Add or subtract a predetermined value. In another example, the ECU 50 refers to a predetermined map and corrects the imbalance reference value Jith based on the imbalance determination value Ji of the main determination method and the imbalance determination value Ji of the sub determination method. The above map is created in advance based on experiments or the like and stored in the memory of the ECU 50 or the like. In this way, the ECU 50 can improve the accuracy of the imbalance reference value Jith of the main determination method.
- CNG is stored in the first fuel tank 25, and CNG is supplied to each cylinder from the first fuel injection valve 1x.
- the fuel to which the present invention is applicable is not limited to this.
- the first fuel tank 25 may store other gaseous fuel such as LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) and LNG (Liquid Natural Gas).
- LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
- LNG Liquid Natural Gas
- the internal combustion engine 100 includes an A / F sensor 15, and the ECU 50 performs imbalance detection based on the A / F sensor 15.
- the internal combustion engine 100 may include an O2 sensor downstream of the catalyst 28 on the exhaust passage 16, and the ECU 50 may perform imbalance detection based on the detected value of the O2 sensor.
- the ECU 50 determines that an imbalance has occurred when the change in the detection value of the O2 sensor is greater than or equal to a predetermined width, as in the description of FIG. 5. By doing in this way, ECU50 can perform imbalance detection based on O2 sensor similarly to imbalance detection based on A / F sensor 15.
- the ECU 50 detects the imbalance of the CNG operation at the timing of switching from the CNG operation to the liquid fuel operation.
- the timing of imbalance detection during CNG operation to which the present invention is applicable is not limited to this.
- the ECU 50 may execute imbalance detection at predetermined intervals during CNG operation. Even in this case, the ECU 50 can execute imbalance detection during CNG operation based on rotation fluctuation detection and / or gas pressure fluctuation detection.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明に係る内燃機関の異常検出装置が適用された内燃機関(エンジン)の概略構成図を示す。図中の実線矢印はガスの流れの一例を示している。
第1実施形態では、概略的には、ECU50は、CNG運転時にインバランス検出を行う場合、エンジン回転数Neに基づく検出(以後、「回転変動検出」と呼ぶ。)または/及びガス圧Pgに基づく検出(以後、「ガス圧変動検出」と呼ぶ。)を実行する。そして、ECU50は、触媒28の温度(以後、「触媒床温」と呼ぶ。)が活性温度に満たず、エミッション悪化の可能性がある車両の始動時の運転領域のみCNG運転を行い、他の運転領域では液体燃料運転を行う。これにより、ECU50は、CNG運転を行う運転領域の拡大を抑制しつつ、インバランス検出を実行する。
ECU50は、エンジン回転数センサ27から検出されるエンジン回転数Neの変化に基づき、CNG運転中の気筒間のインバランスを検出する。これにより、ECU50は、特定の気筒7のみがリッチ側に異常又はリーン側に異常になった場合にこれを的確に検出する。
ECU50は、ガス圧Pgを検出し、燃料噴射に基づくガス圧Pgの脈動の変化に基づき、インバランスの有無を判定する。具体的には、ECU50は、検出したガス圧Pgに基づき、各気筒7への燃料噴射に対応するガス圧Pgの低下度合いを算出し、各気筒7の燃料噴射量を推定する。これにより、ECU50は、特定の気筒7のみがリッチ側に異常又はリーン側に異常になった場合にこれを検出する。
次に、A/Fセンサ15に基づくインバランス検出と、上述の回転変動検出及びガス圧変動検出とを組み合わせたインバランス検出方法について説明する。概略的には、ECU50は、A/Fセンサ15の検出精度が高いと判断した場合には、A/Fセンサ15に基づきインバランス検出を行う。一方、ECU50は、A/Fセンサ15の検出精度が低いと判断した場合、回転変動検出又は/及びガス圧変動検出を行う。
ECU50は、液体燃料運転時には、A/Fセンサ15に基づくインバランス検出を行う。また、好適には、これに加え、ECU50は、液体燃料運転時に、回転変動検出を行い、A/Fセンサ15に基づくインバランス検出でリッチ側へのインバランスを検出し、回転変動検出によりリーン側へのインバランスを検出する。
次に、第1実施形態による効果について図6及び図7を用いて補足説明する。図6は、内燃機関100を搭載した車両(以後、単に「搭載車両」と呼ぶ。)の始動時での触媒床温と、車速との時間変化のグラフを示す。具体的には、グラフ「G1」は、触媒床温の時間変化を示し、グラフ「G2」は、車速の時間変化を示す。また、「エミッション要求領域」とは、触媒床温が低いことに起因してエミッションが悪化するおそれのある運転領域を指す。
図8は、第1実施形態における処理手順を示すフローチャートの一例である。図8に示すフローチャートは、ECU50により所定の周期に従い繰り返し実行される。
第2実施形態では、第1実施形態に加え、ECU50は、CNG運転中に、複数の方法によるインバランス検出を実行し、これらの測定値に基づき、インバランスの有無を判定するための基準値(以後、「インバランス基準値Jith」と呼ぶ。)を補正する。これにより、ECU50は、より高精度にインバランス検出を実行する。
図10は、第1実施形態における処理手順を示すフローチャートである。図10に示すフローチャートは、ECU50により所定の周期に従い繰り返し実行される。
次に、上述の各実施形態の変形例について説明する。以下の変形例は、組み合わせて上述の各実施形態に適用してもよい。
図1の説明では、第1燃料タンク25にはCNGが貯蔵されて、第1燃料噴射弁1xからCNGが各気筒へ供給されていた。しかし、本発明が適用可能な燃料は、これに限定されない。これに代えて、第1燃料タンク25には、LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas)、LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas)などの他の気体燃料が貯蔵されていてもよい。この場合であっても、ECU50は、第1実施形態に基づき気体燃料での運転中にインバランス検出を行い、第2実施形態に基づき気体燃料での運転中にインバランス基準値Jithを補正する。
図1では、内燃機関100は、A/Fセンサ15を備え、ECU50は、A/Fセンサ15に基づくインバランス検出を行った。これに代えて、または、これに加え、内燃機関100は、排気通路16上の触媒28の下流にO2センサを備え、ECU50は、O2センサの検出値に基づきインバランス検出を行ってもよい。この場合であっても、ECU50は、例えば、図5の説明と同様に、O2センサの検出値の変化が所定幅以上の場合、インバランスが生じていると判定する。このようにすることで、ECU50は、A/Fセンサ15に基づくインバランス検出と同様、O2センサに基づきインバランス検出を実行することができる。
図8の説明では、ECU50は、CNG運転から液体燃料運転への切り替えのタイミングで、CNG運転のインバランス検出を実行した。しかし、本発明が適用可能なCNG運転時のインバランス検出のタイミングは、これに限定されない。例えば、これに代えて、ECU50は、CNG運転時に所定の周期ごとにインバランス検出を実行してもよい。この場合であっても、ECU50は、回転変動検出又は/及びガス圧変動検出に基づき、CNG運転中にインバランス検出を実行することができる。
1y 第2燃料噴射弁
2 吸気弁
3 点火プラグ
4 排気弁
7 気筒
9 ピストン
10 コンロッド
11 吸気通路
12 スロットル弁
13 サージタンク
15 A/Fセンサ
21 レギュレータ
50 ECU
100 内燃機関
Claims (5)
- 複数の気筒を備え、気体燃料を含む複数種類の燃料を切り替えて運転可能なエンジンと、
前記気体燃料に基づく運転中に、前記気筒間の空燃比のばらつきの異常を検出する場合、前記エンジンの回転数の変化、または、燃料噴射に起因した前記気体燃料の圧力脈動の変化の少なくとも1つに基づき、前記異常を検出する制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関の異常検出装置。 - 前記エンジンと連通する排気通路上に触媒をさらに備え、
前記エンジンは、圧縮天然ガスと、液体燃料とを切り替えて運転可能であり、
前記制御手段は、前記触媒が活性温度未満の所定温度以下の場合に限り、前記圧縮天然ガスに基づく運転を実行する請求項1に記載の内燃機関の異常検出装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記気体燃料に基づく運転中に、前記異常を検出するための検出方法における前記異常か否か判断するための基準を、前記検出方法以外の検出方法の測定値に基づき補正をする請求項1または2に記載の内燃機関の異常検出装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記検出方法よりも前記検出方法以外の検出方法の方が検出精度の高い運転領域に属する場合に、前記補正を実行する請求項3に記載の内燃機関の異常検出装置。
- 空燃比に相当する検出値を出力するセンサをさらに備え、
前記センサの活性後、かつ、前記気体燃料に基づく運転中に、前記回転数の変化又は/及び前記圧力脈動の変化に基づく前記異常の検出に用いる基準を、前記センサの出力に基づき補正をする請求項3に記載の内燃機関の異常検出装置。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP10847413A EP2546498A1 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-03-10 | Abnormality detection device for internal combustion engine |
JP2012504204A JP5136718B2 (ja) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-03-10 | 内燃機関の異常検出装置 |
PCT/JP2010/053981 WO2011111183A1 (ja) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-03-10 | 内燃機関の異常検出装置 |
CN201080025462.9A CN102782291B (zh) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-03-10 | 内燃机的异常检测装置 |
US13/375,419 US8918268B2 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-03-10 | Malfunction detecting device for internal combustion engine |
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PCT/JP2010/053981 WO2011111183A1 (ja) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-03-10 | 内燃機関の異常検出装置 |
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US (1) | US8918268B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2546498A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5136718B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102782291B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011111183A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8918268B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 |
JP5136718B2 (ja) | 2013-02-06 |
CN102782291A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
US20120072095A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
EP2546498A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
JPWO2011111183A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
CN102782291B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
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