WO2011152060A1 - 位相差フィルムとそれを備える画像表示装置 - Google Patents
位相差フィルムとそれを備える画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011152060A1 WO2011152060A1 PCT/JP2011/003124 JP2011003124W WO2011152060A1 WO 2011152060 A1 WO2011152060 A1 WO 2011152060A1 JP 2011003124 W JP2011003124 W JP 2011003124W WO 2011152060 A1 WO2011152060 A1 WO 2011152060A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/14—Esterification
- C08F8/16—Lactonisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133637—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation characterised by the wavelength dispersion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/10—Esters of organic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retardation film and an image display device including the film.
- a retardation film made of a cellulosic polymer generally has a wavelength dispersibility (the retardation becomes smaller as the wavelength of light becomes shorter at least in the visible light region ( (Inverse wavelength dispersion of phase difference).
- the retardation film has problems such as high moisture permeability, a high photoelastic coefficient, and a sufficiently large retardation.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer having a ring structure in the main chain is used for the retardation film (see Patent Document 1: JP 2008-9378 A).
- a retardation film made of a (meth) acrylic polymer having a ring structure in the main chain has high transparency and heat resistance, while ensuring mechanical properties, particularly flexibility.
- the mechanical properties of the retardation film are improved by adding or stretching elastic particles such as rubber. However, when elastic particles are added, aggregation of the added particles must be suppressed to ensure transparency as a retardation film.
- a retardation film made of a (meth) acrylic polymer having a ring structure in the main chain has a shorter light wavelength at least in the visible light region, similar to a retardation film made of a general polymer.
- the wavelength dispersibility forward wavelength dispersibility of the phase difference that increases the phase difference is shown.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-1744 discloses that a (meth) acrylic polymer having a ring structure in the main chain is useful as a modifier for a cellulose ester film, and has a ring structure in the main chain.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer having a ring structure in the main chain is useful as a modifier for a cellulose ester film, and has a ring structure in the main chain.
- the present invention is a retardation film comprising a layer comprising a resin composition comprising a (meth) acrylic polymer having a ring structure in the main chain and a cellulose ester polymer, and has a low photoelastic coefficient and moisture permeability, Providing a retardation film having a high degree of freedom in controlling the wavelength dispersion of the retardation (for example, it can exhibit reverse wavelength dispersion of the retardation, or the retardation can be flat at least in the visible light region). With the goal.
- the retardation film of the present invention comprises a resin composition comprising 30 to 95% by weight of a (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a ring structure in the main chain and 5 to 70% by weight of a cellulose ester polymer (B).
- the image display device of the present invention includes the retardation film of the present invention.
- the retardation film of this invention contains the layer which consists of a resin composition which contains the (meth) acryl polymer (A) which has a ring structure in a principal chain, and a cellulose polymer (B) in the range of a specific content rate.
- the retardation film has a low photoelastic coefficient and moisture permeability and a high degree of freedom in controlling the wavelength dispersion of the retardation.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer contains (meth) acrylic acid ester units in an amount of 50% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, particularly preferably 95% by weight or more, A polymer having 99% by weight or more is preferable.
- the ring structure that the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) has in the main chain can be a derivative of a (meth) acrylic acid ester unit. In this case, if the total of the (meth) acrylic acid ester unit and the ring structure is 50% by weight or more of all the structural units, a (meth) acrylic polymer is obtained.
- the (meth) acrylic acid ester unit includes, for example, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, t- (meth) acrylic acid t- Butyl, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentanyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryl Dicyclopentanyl acid, chloromethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-chloroethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid 2, 3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl, (meth) acrylic
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) preferably has a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester unit X represented by the following formula (1) as a constituent unit.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms
- R 2 is H (hydrogen atom) or CH 3 (methyl group).
- R 2 is H
- the unit shown in Formula (1) is an acrylic acid alkyl ester unit
- R 2 is CH 3
- the unit shown in Formula (1) is a methacrylic acid alkyl ester unit.
- R 1 is not limited as long as it is an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is, for example, an ethyl group (carbon number 2), a propyl group (carbon number 3), a butyl group (carbon number 4), a pentyl group (carbon number 5), a hexyl group (carbon number 6), a heptyl group (carbon 7), octyl group (carbon number 8), nonyl group (carbon number 9), decyl group (carbon number 10), undecyl group (carbon number 11) and dodecyl group (carbon number 12) and their structural isomers. is there.
- the proportion of the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester unit X in all the structural units of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) varies depending on the specific molecular structure of the unit X, but is, for example, 5% by weight or more.
- the ratio is preferably 10% by weight or more, and more preferably 15% by weight or more because the effect of suppressing the increase in haze can be obtained with certainty.
- the upper limit of the said ratio is not specifically limited, For example, it is 50 weight%.
- the proportion of the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester unit X in all the structural units of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) can be determined by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) or infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR).
- the ratio is the ratio of each monomer used for the polymerization of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and, if necessary, the reaction from the monomer to the (meth) acrylic polymer (A). It can also be obtained by referring
- (Meth) acrylic polymer (A) may have two or more (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester units X as constituent units.
- (Meth) acrylic polymer (A) may have structural units other than (meth) acrylic acid ester units.
- the structural unit is, for example, (meth) acrylic acid, styrene, vinyl toluene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, ⁇ -hydroxymethyl styrene, ⁇ -hydroxyethyl styrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methallyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, ethylene, It is a structural unit formed by polymerization of monomers such as propylene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, vinyl acetate, 2-hydroxymethyl-1-butene, methyl vinyl ketone, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and N-vinyl carbazole. .
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) preferably has (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester units X, MMA units and 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid ester units as constituent units.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) preferably has (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester units X, MMA units, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid ester units and N-vinylcarbazole units as constituent units.
- the content of the MMA unit in the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) is preferably 10 to 80% by weight, more preferably 20 to 60% by weight.
- the content of 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid ester units is preferably 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably 20 to 40% by weight.
- the content of the unit X is preferably 5 to 70% by weight, and more preferably 10 to 50% by weight.
- the content of N-vinylcarbazole units is preferably 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 3 to 8% by weight.
- Examples of 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid ester units include 2- (hydroxymethyl) methyl acrylate (MHMA) units, 2- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl acrylate units, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid isopropyl units, These are normal butyl units of 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate and t-butyl units of 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate. Of these, MHMA units and 2- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl acrylate units are preferred, and MHMA units are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of transparency and heat resistance of the retardation film.
- (Meth) acrylic polymer (A) has a ring structure in the main chain.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a ring structure in the main chain contributes to the retardation film of the present invention exhibiting a large in-plane retardation and suppression of haze increase.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a ring structure in the main chain has a high glass transition temperature (Tg), for example, 110 ° C. or higher, 120 ° C. or higher depending on the structure of the polymer, and 130 It is above °C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the heat resistance of the retardation film of the present invention is improved. Since the retardation film having high heat resistance can be disposed near a heat generating portion such as a light source, it is suitable for use in an image display device such as an LCD.
- the content of the ring structure in the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) is preferably 25 to 90% by weight, more preferably 35 to 90% by weight, and particularly preferably 40 to 90% by weight.
- the content rate of the ring structure in a polymer (A) exceeds 90 weight%, the moldability of the resin composition containing a polymer (A) will fall, and manufacture of retardation film may become difficult.
- the ring structure that the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) has in the main chain is, for example, a ring structure having an ester group, an imide group, or an acid anhydride group.
- ring structure More specific examples of the ring structure are at least one selected from a lactone ring structure, a glutarimide structure, a glutaric anhydride structure, an N-substituted maleimide structure, and a maleic anhydride structure. These ring structures have a large contribution to the large in-plane retardation described above.
- the ring structure is preferably at least one selected from a lactone ring structure and a glutarimide structure, and more preferably a lactone ring structure.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a lactone ring structure or a glutarimide structure, particularly a lactone ring structure, in the main chain has particularly low birefringence wavelength dispersion. For this reason, the freedom degree of control of the wavelength dispersion of retardation in the retardation film of this invention becomes higher between flat wavelength dispersion and reverse wavelength dispersion.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a lactone ring structure in the main chain has particularly high compatibility with the cellulose ester polymer (B). High compatibility contributes to suppression of haze rise.
- the specific lactone ring structure that the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) may have in the main chain is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a 4- to 8-membered ring, but it is excellent in stability as a ring structure.
- a membered ring or a 6-membered ring is preferable, and a 6-membered ring is more preferable.
- the lactone ring structure which is a 6-membered ring is a structure disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-168882.
- High polymerization yield of the precursor (a (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a lactone ring structure in the main chain is obtained by subjecting the precursor to a cyclization condensation reaction), a cyclization condensation reaction of the precursor From the reasons such that a (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a high lactone ring content can be obtained, and a polymer having MMA units as constituent units can be used as a precursor, the following formula ( The structure represented by 2) is preferred.
- R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the organic residue can contain an oxygen atom.
- the organic residue is, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group; an unsaturated aliphatic carbonization having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as an ethenyl group or a propenyl group.
- a hydrogen group an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group; one of hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group, the unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group;
- One or more groups are substituted with at least one group selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group and an ester group.
- the lactone ring structure represented by the formula (2) is obtained by, for example, copolymerizing a monomer group containing MMA and MHMA, and then subjecting adjacent MMA units and MHMA units to dealcoholization cyclization in the obtained copolymer. It can be formed by condensation.
- R 3 is H
- R 4 and R 5 are CH 3 .
- the content of the lactone ring structure in the polymer (A) is determined with the cellulose ester polymer (B), particularly the cellulose acetate polymer. From the viewpoint of compatibility, it is preferably 25 to 90% by weight, more preferably 25 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 30 to 60% by weight, and most preferably 35 to 60% by weight.
- the content of the lactone ring structure in the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) can be determined by the method described in JP-A-2001-151814.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) is preferably 80,000 or more, more preferably 100,000 or more.
- the Mw and dispersity of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). When the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) satisfies the above Mw and dispersion ranges, the branched structure of the polymer (A) is suppressed. This improves the thermal stability of the resin composition containing the polymer (A), and contributes to the production of a retardation film having high strength and a desirable appearance.
- (Meth) acrylic polymer (A) can be produced by a known method.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) in which the ring structure of the main chain is a glutaric anhydride structure or a glutarimide structure can be produced, for example, by the method described in WO2007 / 26659 or WO2005 / 108438.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) in which the ring structure of the main chain is a maleic anhydride structure or an N-substituted maleimide structure is described in, for example, JP-A-57-153008 and JP-A-2007-31537. It can be produced by a method.
- the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) in which the ring structure of the main chain is a lactone ring structure is described in, for example, JP-A-2006-96960, JP-A-2006-171464, or JP-A-2007-63541. It can be produced by a method.
- the polymer (A) is formed by heating the polymer (a) having a hydroxyl group and an ester group in the molecular chain in the presence of an arbitrary catalyst to advance a lactone cyclization condensation reaction accompanied by dealcoholization. sell.
- the polymer (a) is formed, for example, by polymerization of a monomer group including a monomer represented by the following formula (3).
- the polymer (A) has a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester unit X represented by the formula (1) as a constituent unit
- the polymer (a) includes, for example, a monomer represented by the following formula (3) and It can be formed by polymerization of a monomer group containing a monomer represented by the following formula (4).
- R 6 and R 7 are each independently a group exemplified as a hydrogen atom or an organic residue in the formula (2).
- the monomer represented by the formula (3) gives a hydroxyl group and an ester group in the molecular chain of the polymer (a) by polymerization.
- R 8 is the same group as R 1 in the formula (1).
- R 9 is H (hydrogen atom) or CH 3 (methyl group).
- the monomer ((meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer Y) represented by the formula (4) becomes a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester unit X by polymerization.
- the monomer represented by the formula (3) examples include methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, ethyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, isopropyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, 2- (hydroxy Methyl) normal butyl acrylate, t-butyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate.
- methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate and ethyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate are preferred, and methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate (MHMA) is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of transparency and heat resistance.
- the monomer represented by the formula (4) include ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, and hexyl (meth) acrylate. , Heptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, undecyl (meth) acrylate, and dodecyl (meth) acrylate.
- the content of the monomer represented by the formulas (3) and (4) is adjusted according to the molecular structure of the desired (meth) acrylic polymer (A). Yes.
- the monomer group used for forming the polymer (a) may contain two or more monomers represented by the formula (3).
- the monomer group may contain two or more monomers represented by the formula (4).
- the monomer group used for forming the polymer (a) may contain monomers other than the monomers represented by the formulas (3) and (4). Such a monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer copolymerizable with the monomers represented by formulas (3) and (4).
- the said monomer is (meth) acrylic acid ester other than the monomer shown to Formula (3), (4), for example.
- the (meth) acrylic acid ester is, for example, an acrylic acid ester such as methyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, or benzyl acrylate; a methacrylic acid ester such as methyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, or benzyl methacrylate; From the viewpoint of transparency and heat resistance, MMA is preferred.
- the monomer group used for forming the polymer (a) may contain two or more of these (meth) acrylic acid esters.
- the monomer group used for forming the polymer (a) includes monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid, styrene, vinyltoluene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, ethylene, propylene, vinyl acetate, One type or two or more types may be included.
- the content of (meth) acrylic acid in the monomer group is preferably 30% by weight or less, more preferably 20% by weight or less, particularly preferably 10% by weight or less, and most preferably 5% by weight or less. When the content of (meth) acrylic acid exceeds 30% by weight, gelation may proceed in the polymerization process of the monomer group.
- a polymerization initiator When forming the polymer (a) by polymerization of monomer groups, a polymerization initiator can be used as necessary.
- the polymerization initiator include cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, t-amyl peroxy-2- Organic peroxides such as ethyl hexanoate; 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) ), Dimethyl 2,2′-azobisisobutyrate; Two or more polymerization initiators can be used in combination.
- the usage-amount of a polymerization initiator can be suitably set according to the combination of the monomer contained in a
- the cyclization catalyst is, for example, an esterification catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or a transesterification catalyst.
- Organic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid can be used as the cyclization catalyst.
- a basic compound; an organic carboxylate such as zinc acetate; a carbonate is used as a cyclization catalyst. Yes.
- the cyclization catalyst can be an organophosphorus compound.
- the organophosphorus compound includes, for example, alkylphosphonic acid or arylphosphonous acid such as methylphosphonous acid, ethylphosphonous acid, and phenylphosphonous acid (however, these are alkyl phosphinic acid or aryl which are tautomers) As well as mono- or diesters thereof; dimethylphosphinic acid, diethylphosphinic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, phenylmethylphosphinic acid, phenylethylphosphinic acid and the like dialkylphosphinic acids, diarylphosphinic acids or alkylarylphosphinic acids and These esters; alkylphosphonic acids or arylphosphonic acids such as methylphosphonic acid, ethylphosphonic acid, trifluoromethylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, and their Esters or diesters; alkylphosphinic acids or ary
- Ruyl (aryl) halogen phosphines such as methyl phosphine oxide, ethyl phosphine oxide, phenyl phosphine oxide, dimethyl phosphine oxide, diethyl phosphine oxide, diphenyl phosphine oxide, trimethyl phosphine oxide, triethyl phosphine oxide, triphenyl phosphine oxide -Or tri-alkyl (aryl) phosphines; tetraalkyl (aryl) phosphonium halides such as tetramethylphosphonium chloride, tetraethylphosphonium chloride, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride; Two or more of these organophosphorus compounds can be used in combination.
- alkyl (aryl) phosphonous acid, phosphorous acid monoester or diester, phosphoric acid monoester or diester, and alkyl (aryl) phosphonic acid are preferable because of high catalytic activity and low colorability.
- Phosphorous acid, phosphorous acid monoester or diester, phosphoric acid monoester or diester are more preferred, and alkyl (aryl) phosphonous acid, phosphoric acid monoester or diester is particularly preferred.
- the cyclization catalyst is, for example, a group 12 element compound described in JP-A-2009-144112, and a zinc compound is particularly preferable.
- the zinc compound include organic zinc compounds such as zinc acetate, zinc propionate, and zinc octylate; inorganic zinc compounds such as zinc oxide, zinc chloride, and zinc sulfate; organic zinc compounds containing fluorine such as zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; It is.
- the basic deactivator is, for example, a metal carboxylate, a metal complex, or a metal oxide, preferably a metal carboxylate or metal oxide, and more preferably a metal carboxylate.
- the metal used for the deactivator is not limited as long as it does not inhibit the physical properties of the resin composition.
- alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium
- alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium
- Zinc zirconium.
- the carboxylic acid constituting the metal carboxylate is, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid. Acid, behenic acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, and adipic acid.
- An organic component in the metal complex is, for example, acetylacetone.
- the metal oxide include zinc oxide, calcium oxide, and magnesium oxide, and zinc oxide is preferable.
- Acidic deactivators are, for example, organic phosphoric acid compounds and carboxylic acids. Two or more quenchers can be used in combination.
- the form of the quenching agent is not limited, and it may be in the form of solid, powder, dispersion, suspension, aqueous solution or the like.
- the cellulose ester polymer (B) is not limited, and examples thereof include a cellulose aromatic carboxylic acid ester polymer and a cellulose fatty acid ester polymer. Since a retardation film having excellent optical properties can be obtained, the cellulose polymer (B) is preferably a cellulose lower fatty acid ester polymer.
- a lower fatty acid means a fatty acid having 5 or less carbon atoms.
- the cellulose lower fatty acid ester polymer is, for example, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, or cellulose pivalate.
- the cellulose ester polymer (B) may be a cellulose mixed fatty acid ester polymer such as cellulose acetate propionate or cellulose acetate butyrate.
- both the film formability of the resin composition (C) containing the cellulose polymer (B) and the mechanical properties of the finally obtained retardation film can be achieved.
- the cellulose ester polymer (B) is preferably cellulose acetate, particularly cellulose triacetate or cellulose acetate propionate.
- the Mn of the cellulose ester polymer (B) is preferably 50,000 to 150,000, more preferably 550,000 to 120,000, and further preferably 60,000 to 100,000.
- the Mw of the cellulose ester polymer (B) is preferably 100,000 to 300,000, more preferably 100,000 to 250,000, and further preferably 120,000 to 200,000.
- the cellulose ester polymer (B) can be produced by a known method. For example, it can be produced by substituting the hydroxyl group of the raw material cellulose with an acetyl group, a propionyl group and / or a butyl group by a conventional method using acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and / or butyric anhydride. In that case, the methods described in JP-A-10-45804 and JP-A-6-501040 are helpful.
- the raw material cellulose is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wood pulp and cotton linter.
- the wood pulp may be softwood pulp or hardwood pulp, but softwood pulp is preferred. From the viewpoint of releasability when forming a film, a cotton linter is preferred.
- Two or more cellulose ester polymers (B) can be used.
- the resin composition (C) contains 30 to 95% by weight of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a ring structure in the main chain and 5 to 70% by weight of the cellulose ester polymer (B).
- the resin composition (C) preferably contains 50 to 90% by weight of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and 10 to 50% by weight of the cellulose ester polymer (B), more preferably the (meth) acrylic polymer.
- (A) 70 to 90% by weight and cellulose ester polymer (B) 10 to 30% by weight are included.
- Resin composition (C) may contain two or more (meth) acrylic polymers (A) and / or two or more cellulose ester polymers (B).
- the resin composition (C) has a content other than the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and the cellulose ester polymer (B) in the resin composition (C). Up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight.
- polystyrene examples include olefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, poly (4-methyl-1-pentene); halogen-containing polymers such as vinyl chloride and chlorinated vinyl resins; polystyrene, Styrene polymers such as styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene block copolymer; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate; nylon 6, nylon 66, polyamides such as nylon 610; polyacetals; polycarbonates; polyphenylene oxides; polyphenylene sulfides: polyether ether ketones; polyether nitriles; Li polyether sulfone; a; polyoxyethylene Penji alkylene; polyamideimide.
- vinyl methacrylate is a single monomer because of its excellent compatibility with (meth) acrylic polymer (A), particularly (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a lactone ring structure in the main chain.
- Resin composition (C) may contain any material as long as the effects of the present invention are obtained.
- the material includes, for example, an ultraviolet absorber; an antioxidant; a stabilizer such as a light-resistant stabilizer, a weather-resistant stabilizer and a heat stabilizer; a reinforcing material such as a glass fiber and a carbon fiber; a near-infrared absorber; Tris (dibromopropyl) Flame retardants such as phosphate, triallyl phosphate and antimony oxide; antistatic agents represented by anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants; colorants such as inorganic pigments, organic pigments and dyes; organic fillers and inorganic fillers Resin modifier; anti-blocking agent; matting agent; acid scavenger; metal deactivator; plasticizer; lubricant; rubber mass such as ASA and ABS.
- the content of these materials in the resin composition (C) is, for example, 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 2% by weight,
- UV absorbers are, for example, benzophenone compounds, salicinate compounds, benzoate compounds, triazole compounds, and triazine compounds.
- benzophenone compounds include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-n-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n- Octyloxybenzophenone, bis (5-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl) methane, 1,4-bis (4-benzoyl-3-hydroxyphenone) -butane.
- the silicate compound is, for example, pt-butylphenyl silicate.
- the benzoate compound is, for example, 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-3 ', 5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxybenzoate.
- Triazole compounds include, for example, 2,2′-methylenebis [4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol], 2- (3 5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -p-cresol, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)- 4,6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol, 2-benzotriazol-2-yl-4,6-di-t-butylphenol, 2- [5-chloro (2H) -benzotriazole-2 -Yl] -4-methyl-6- (t-butyl) phenol, 2- (2H-benz
- triazine compound examples include 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy). Phenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl- (2-hydroxy-4-propoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl- (2-hydroxy-4-butoxy) Phenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy) -4-hexyloxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, , 4-Diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-d
- Tinuvin 1577 “Tinuvin 460” and “Tinuvin 477” (all manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) are commercially available as triazine-based UV absorbers, and “Adeka Stub LA-31” (Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a triazole-based UV absorber. Manufactured) is commercially available.
- Resin composition (C) may contain two or more ultraviolet absorbers.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the resin composition (C) is not particularly limited. In the state of the retardation film, the content is preferably 0.01 to 25% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 10% by weight. If the content of the ultraviolet absorber is excessively large, the mechanical properties of the finally obtained retardation film may be deteriorated, or the retardation film may be yellowed.
- the antioxidant is, for example, a hindered phenol compound, a phosphorus compound, or a sulfur compound.
- the resin composition (C) can contain two or more antioxidants.
- the antioxidant may be a phenolic compound, such as n-octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, n-octadecyl-3- (3,5- Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate, n-octadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, n-hexyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl Benzoate, n-dodecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylbenzoate, neododecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, dodecyl- ⁇ - (3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, ethyl- ⁇ - (4-hydroxy-3,
- an antioxidant composed of a phenolic compound (phenolic antioxidant) in combination with a thioether antioxidant or a phosphoric acid antioxidant.
- the content of both antioxidants in the resin composition (C) is, for example, 0. 0 for each of the phenol-based antioxidant and the thioether-based antioxidant based on the weight of the (meth) acrylic polymer (A). 01% by weight or more, and each of the phenolic antioxidant and the phosphoric acid antioxidant is 0.025% by weight or more.
- thioether antioxidant examples include pentaerythrityl tetrakis (3-lauryl thiopropionate), dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, distearyl- 3,3′-thiodipropionate.
- phosphoric acid-based antioxidants examples include tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, 2-[[2,4,8,10-tetrakis (1,1-dimethylethyl) dibenzo [d.
- the content of the antioxidant in the resin composition (C) is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight. More preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight. When the content of the antioxidant becomes excessively large, the antioxidant may bleed out or silver streaks may occur when the retardation film is formed from the resin composition (C) by melt extrusion. is there.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the retardation film of the present invention.
- the retardation film 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 has a (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a ring structure in the main chain of 30 to 95% by weight and a cellulose ester polymer (B) of 5 to 70% by weight. It is comprised from the layer which consists of a resin composition (C) containing.
- the retardation film of the present invention can be provided with an arbitrary layer other than the layer composed of the resin composition (C) as necessary, but in order to obtain the effects of the present invention more reliably, as shown in FIG.
- the layer can have a functional coating layer on its surface.
- the absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient for light having a wavelength of 590 nm in the retardation film of the present invention is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less.
- Types of (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and cellulose ester polymer (B) contained in the retardation film of the present invention (included in the resin composition (C)), and (meth) acrylic in the retardation film of the present invention Depending on the contents of the polymer (A) and the cellulose ester polymer (B), the absolute value is 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less, and further 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less.
- the in-plane retardation Re indicated by the retardation film of the present invention varies depending on the stretched state of the film, but is, for example, 50 nm or more as a value per 100 ⁇ m of film thickness with respect to light having a wavelength of 590 nm.
- Kinds of (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and cellulose ester polymer (B) contained in the retardation film of the present invention, and (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and cellulose ester polymer in the retardation film of the present invention Depending on the content of (B), the in-plane retardation Re is 140 nm or more, further 150 nm or more and 500 nm or less as a value per 100 ⁇ m of film thickness.
- the degree of freedom in controlling the wavelength dispersion of the retardation in the retardation film of the present invention is high.
- the retardation film exhibits a reverse wavelength dispersion of the retardation or has a flat wavelength dispersion.
- the in-plane phase differences Re (447), Re (590), and Re (750) for light of wavelengths 447, 590, and 750 nm are expressed by the following equation: 0.8 ⁇ Re (447) / Re (590 ) ⁇ 1.2, and 0.8 ⁇ Re (750) / Re (590) ⁇ 1.2.
- Re (447), Re (590) and Re (750) have the formulas 0.8 ⁇ Re (447) / Re (590) ⁇ 1.1 and 0.9 ⁇ Re ( 750) / Re (590) ⁇ 1.2 and satisfy the formulas 0.8 ⁇ Re (447) / Re (590) ⁇ 1.0 and 1.0 ⁇ Re (750) / Re ( 590) ⁇ 1.2 is more preferable.
- the moisture permeability per 100 ⁇ m thickness in the retardation film of the present invention is, for example, 300 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 hours or less as a value measured according to JIS Z0208.
- the retardation film of the present invention exhibits high heat resistance based on the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) having a ring structure in the main chain, and its Tg is, for example, 110 ° C. or higher.
- Tg is 120 ° C. or higher, 125 ° C. or higher, and further 130 ° C. or higher.
- the thickness of the retardation film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 10 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the Nz coefficient of the retardation film of the present invention is preferably less than 1.20, more preferably 1.15 or less, and even more preferably 1.10 or less and 0.95 or more in terms of light with a wavelength of 590 nm.
- the total light transmittance of the retardation film of the present invention is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and still more preferably 91% or more as a value measured in accordance with JIS K7361-1.
- the haze of the retardation film of the present invention is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, and even more preferably 1% or less as measured at a thickness of 50 ⁇ m as measured according to JIS 7165.
- various functional coating layers can be formed on the surface of the layer made of the resin composition (C) as necessary.
- the functional coating layer is, for example, an antistatic layer; an adhesive layer such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or an adhesive layer; an easy adhesion layer; an antiglare layer (non-glare) layer; an antifouling layer such as a photocatalyst layer; an antireflection layer; An ultraviolet shielding layer, a heat ray shielding layer, an electromagnetic wave shielding layer, and a gas barrier layer.
- the application of the retardation film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be used for the same application as a conventional retardation film.
- the retardation film of the present invention is suitable for optical compensation in an image display device such as an LCD. Further, in addition to the LCD, it can be used for various image display devices and optical devices.
- the retardation film of the present invention can be used in combination with other optical members as necessary, for example, in a state of being bonded to each other.
- the retardation film of the present invention is a known film formed from the resin composition (C), or from the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and the cellulose ester polymer (B) before making the resin composition (C). It can be produced by a method and a film stretching method. Specifically, for example, the resin composition (C) is formed into a film to form an original film (unstretched film), and the obtained original film is stretched.
- the film forming method examples include a solution casting method (solution casting method), a melt extrusion method, a calendar method, and a compression molding method. Of these, the solution casting method and the melt extrusion method are preferable.
- a known uniaxial stretching method or biaxial stretching method can be applied to the stretching method of the original film.
- the melt extrusion method is, for example, a T-die method or an inflation method.
- a T-die is placed at the tip of a melt extruder, and a film melt-extruded from the T-die is taken up, whereby an original film wound in a roll shape is obtained.
- melt extrusion it is preferable to devolatilize volatile components from the vent portion of the melt extruder. Moreover, it is preferable to use together filtration of the resin composition by a polymer filter in the case of melt extrusion.
- the solution casting method generally has (1) a dissolution step, (2) a casting step, and (3) a drying step.
- a known method can be applied to each step.
- the specific procedure of the dissolution step is not limited as long as a solution containing a (meth) acrylic polymer (A) and a cellulose ester polymer (B) having a ring structure in the main chain is obtained.
- a good solvent such as methylene chloride, methyl acetate, and dioxolane can be used as a solvent for dissolving both polymers, and a poor solvent such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol can be used in combination.
- the polymerization solvent used when the (meth) acrylic polymer (A) is polymerized can be used.
- a known solution coating method can be applied to the casting process.
- This method is, for example, a coating method using a die coater, a doctor blade coater, a roll coater, a comma coater, a lip coater or the like.
- the specific procedure of the drying process is not particularly limited as long as a film is formed by drying the coating film formed by the casting process.
- the image display device of the present invention includes the retardation film of the present invention. As a result, the image display device is excellent in image display characteristics, for example, an image display device with high contrast and a wide viewing angle.
- the image display device of the present invention is, for example, an LCD.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) were determined by polystyrene conversion using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to the following measurement conditions.
- Measurement system Tosoh GPC system HLC-8220 Developing solvent: Chloroform (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, special grade) Solvent flow rate: 0.6 mL / min Standard sample: TSK standard polystyrene (manufactured by Tosoh, PS-oligomer kit)
- Measurement side column configuration Tosoh, TSK-GEL super HZM-M 6.0X150, 2 in series connection Tosoh, TSK-GEL super HZ-L 4.6X35, 1 Reference side column configuration: Tosoh, TSK-GEL SuperH- RC 6.0X150, 2 in series Column temperature: 40 ° C
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined according to JIS K7121. Specifically, it is obtained by using a differential scanning calorimeter (manufactured by Rigaku, DSC-8230) to raise a temperature of about 10 mg from room temperature to 200 ° C. (temperature increase rate 20 ° C./min) in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. The DSC curve was evaluated by the starting point method. ⁇ -alumina was used as a reference.
- MFR Melt flow rate
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the film plane
- ny is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to nx in the film plane
- nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film
- d is the thickness of the film ( nm).
- the slow axis direction is the direction in which the refractive index is maximum in the film plane.
- the in-plane retardation Re (447) and Re (750) for the light having a wavelength of 447 nm and 750 nm in the produced retardation film was similarly evaluated, and the in-plane retardation Re for the light having the wavelength of 590 nm was determined.
- the ratio with (590) the values of Re (447) / Re (590) and Re (750) / Re (590) were obtained.
- the photoelastic coefficient of the prepared retardation film with respect to light having a wavelength of 590 nm was evaluated using an ellipsometer (manufactured by JASCO, M-150). Specifically, the produced retardation film was cut into 20 mm ⁇ 50 mm with the stretching direction as the long side to obtain a measurement sample, which was attached to a photoelasticity measurement unit of an ellipsometer, and 5 to 25 N parallel to the stretching direction. The three-point birefringence was measured while applying a stress load of and the slope of birefringence with respect to the stress when using light having a wavelength of 590 nm was defined as the photoelastic coefficient.
- a transparent (meth) acrylic polymer (A-1) having a lactone ring structure was obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer (A-1) was 134,000, the MFR was 14.5 g / 10 min, and the Tg was 130 ° C.
- the obtained resin composition was press-molded at 220 ° C. by a press molding machine to obtain a film (unstretched film) having a thickness of 126 ⁇ m.
- the produced film was uniaxially stretched in the MD direction at a stretching ratio of 2 and a stretching temperature of 133 ° C. by a tensile tester (Instron) to obtain a stretched film (F1) having a thickness of 85 ⁇ m.
- the evaluation results of the stretched film (F1) are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 2 Example except that 70 parts by weight of polymer (A-1) and 30 parts by weight of cellulose acetate propionate (B-1) were dissolved in methylene chloride, and a 120 ⁇ m-thick original film was prepared. 1, a stretched film (F2) having a thickness of 82 ⁇ m was obtained. The evaluation results of the stretched film (F2) are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 3 Example except that 50 parts by weight of polymer (A-1) and 50 parts by weight of cellulose acetate propionate (B-1) were dissolved in methylene chloride, and an original film having a thickness of 118 ⁇ m was prepared. 1, a stretched film (F3) having a thickness of 83 ⁇ m was obtained. The evaluation results of the stretched film (F3) are shown in Table 1 below.
- the stretched films of Examples 1 to 3 had lower moisture permeability and photoelastic coefficient than the stretched film of Comparative Example 1, yielded a large in-plane retardation, and had a small Nz coefficient. . Further, the retardation in the stretched films of Examples 1 to 3 showed flat wavelength dispersion or reverse wavelength dispersion.
- cyclization condensation reaction was allowed to proceed for 2 hours under reflux at about 85-100 ° C. Then, it was further heated at 240 ° C. for 90 minutes in an autoclave pressurized to a maximum gauge pressure of about 2 MPa.
- the polymer in the molten state is extruded from the extruder, and the (meth) acrylic polymer (A-2) having a lactone ring structure in the main chain and having 18% by weight of BMA units in all the structural units. Pellets were obtained.
- the polymer (A-2) had a weight average molecular weight of 1260,000 and a Tg of 123 ° C.
- the BMA unit is a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester unit represented by the formula (1), in which R 1 is an n-butyl group and R 2 is CH 3 (methyl group).
- the main chain has a lactone ring structure and all the BMA units as in Production Example 2 except that the amount of each monomer charged into the reactor is 60 parts by weight of MMA, 30 parts by weight of MHMA, and 10 parts by weight of BMA.
- a pellet of (meth) acrylic polymer (A-3) having 10% by weight of the unit was obtained.
- the polymer (A-3) had a weight average molecular weight of 134,000 and a Tg of 130 ° C.
- the main chain has a lactone ring structure in the same manner as in Production Example 2 except that BMA is not charged into the reactor, the amount of MMA charged into the reactor is 70 parts by weight, and the amount of MHMA is 30 parts by weight.
- a pellet of the (meth) acrylic polymer (C-1) not having the structural unit shown in (1) was obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer (C-1) was 17,000 and Tg was 122 ° C.
- t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate manufactured by Arkema Yoshitomi, trade name: Luperox 575
- toluene 10 While a solution in which 0.10 parts by weight of the above t-amylperoxy-2-heptylhexanoate was dissolved in parts by weight was added dropwise over 8 hours, the solution polymerization was allowed to proceed under reflux at about 90 to 100 ° C. Further, aging was performed for 12 hours.
- cyclization condensation reaction was allowed to proceed for 2 hours under reflux at about 80 to 100 ° C. Then, it was further heated at 240 ° C. for 90 minutes in an autoclave pressurized to a maximum gauge pressure of about 2 MPa. Next, the obtained polymerization solution was dried at 240 ° C.
- the EMA unit is a (meth) acrylic acid ester unit represented by the formula (1), in which R 1 is an ethyl group and R 2 is CH 3 (methyl group).
- the main chain has a lactone ring structure in the same manner as in Production Example 5 except that the amount of each monomer charged in the reactor is 44.5 parts by weight of MMA, 26 parts by weight of MHMA, 25 parts by weight of EMA, and 4.5 parts by weight of NVCz.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer (A-5) having EMA units and 25% by weight of all structural units was obtained.
- the polymer (A-5) had a weight average molecular weight of 17,000 and a Tg of 129 ° C.
- EMA was not charged into the reactor, but the amount of MMA charged into the reactor was 69.5 parts by weight, the amount of MHMA was 26 parts by weight, and the amount of NVCz was 4.5 parts by weight.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer (C-2) having a lactone ring structure in the main chain and having no structural unit represented by the formula (1) was obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer (C-2) was 163,000, and the Tg was 138 ° C.
- the obtained resin composition was press-molded at 220 ° C. with a press molding machine to obtain an unstretched film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- the evaluation results of the obtained film are shown in Table 2 below.
- the films of Production Examples 8 to 10 and Production Examples 12 to 14 were smaller in haze than the films of Production Examples 11 and 15, and were excellent in transparency. And the tendency for the haze of the produced film to become small was confirmed, so that the content rate of the BMA unit or EMA unit in a (meth) acryl polymer was large.
- the moisture permeability and photoelastic coefficient of the film were lower than the moisture permeability and photoelastic coefficient of the films of Production Examples 11 and 15.
- Example 4 The unstretched film produced in Production Example 8 (however, the thickness of the film was 120 ⁇ m) was uniaxially oriented in the MD direction at a stretching ratio of 2 and a stretching temperature of 128 ° C. using a tensile tester (manufactured by Instron). The film was stretched to obtain a stretched film (retardation film) having a thickness of 87 ⁇ m. The evaluation results of the obtained retardation film are shown in Table 3 below.
- Example 5 A stretched film (retardation film) having a thickness of 85 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the unstretched film produced in Production Example 9 (however, the thickness of the film was 120 ⁇ m) was used. .
- the evaluation results of the obtained retardation film are shown in Table 3 below.
- Example 6 A stretched film having a thickness of 82 ⁇ m (as in Example 4), except that the unstretched film produced in Production Example 10 (however, the thickness of the film was 120 ⁇ m) and the stretching temperature was 133 ° C. Retardation film) was obtained. The evaluation results of the obtained retardation film are shown in Table 3 below.
- Example 7 Except for using the unstretched film produced in Production Example 12 (however, the thickness of the film was 123 ⁇ m) and the stretching temperature was 127 ° C., a stretched film having a thickness of 86 ⁇ m ( Retardation film) was obtained. The evaluation results of the obtained retardation film are shown in Table 3 below.
- Example 8 A stretched film (retardation film) having a thickness of 84 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the unstretched film produced in Production Example 13 (however, the thickness of the film was 121 ⁇ m) was used. .
- the evaluation results of the obtained retardation film are shown in Table 3 below.
- Example 9 A stretched film (retardation film) having a thickness of 87 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the unstretched film produced in Production Example 14 (however, the thickness of the film was 126 ⁇ m) was used. .
- the evaluation results of the obtained retardation film are shown in Table 3 below.
- each of the retardation films produced in Examples 4 to 9 showed a large in-plane retardation Re and a positive thickness retardation Rth in the thickness direction, and an inverse wavelength dispersion for the in-plane retardation Re. showed that.
- the haze exhibited by the retardation films produced in Examples 4 to 9 and the haze exhibited by the stretched films produced by stretching the unstretched films produced in Production Examples 11 and 15 in the same manner as in Example 4 were the same film. It was the same as the haze indicated by the corresponding unstretched film before stretching (Production Examples 8 to 15) in terms of thickness.
- the photoelastic coefficient and moisture permeability per 100 ⁇ m thickness shown in the retardation films prepared in Examples 4 to 9 and the unstretched films prepared in Production Examples 11 and 15 were drawn in the same manner as in Example 4.
- the stretched film exhibited the same photoelastic coefficient and moisture permeability per 100 ⁇ m thickness as the corresponding unstretched film (Production Examples 8 to 15) before stretching.
- the retardation film of the present invention can be used in the same applications as conventional retardation films, for example, various image display devices including LCD and optical devices.
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Abstract
Description
(メタ)アクリル重合体は、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位を、全構成単位の50重量%以上、好ましくは70重量%以上、より好ましくは90重量%以上、特に好ましくは95重量%以上、最も好ましくは99重量%以上有する重合体である。(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)が主鎖に有する環構造は、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位の誘導体でありうる。この場合、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位および環構造の合計が全構成単位の50重量%以上であれば、(メタ)アクリル重合体となる。
セルロースエステル重合体(B)は限定されず、例えば、セルロース芳香族カルボン酸エステル重合体、セルロース脂肪酸エステル重合体である。光学特性に優れる位相差フィルムが得られることから、セルロース重合体(B)はセルロース低級脂肪酸エステル重合体が好ましい。低級脂肪酸とは、炭素原子数が5以下の脂肪酸を意味する。セルロース低級脂肪酸エステル重合体は、例えば、セルロースアセテート、セルロースプロピオネート、セルロースブチレート、セルロースピバレートである。セルロースエステル重合体(B)は、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、セルロースアセテートブチレートなどのセルロース混合脂肪酸エステル重合体でありうる。この場合、当該セルロース重合体(B)を含む樹脂組成物(C)の成膜性と、最終的に得られた位相差フィルムの機械的特性との両立が図られうる。(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)との相溶性の観点からは、セルロースエステル重合体(B)は、セルロースアセテート、特にセルローストリアセテート、またはセルロースアセテートプロピオネートが好ましい。
樹脂組成物(C)は、主鎖に環構造を有する(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)30~95重量%と、セルロースエステル重合体(B)5~70重量%とを含む。樹脂組成物(C)は、好ましくは(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)50~90重量%とセルロースエステル重合体(B)10~50重量%とを含み、より好ましくは(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)70~90重量%とセルロースエステル重合体(B)10~30重量%とを含む。
図1に、本発明の位相差フィルムの一例を示す。図1に示す、本発明の位相差フィルム1は、主鎖に環構造を有する(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)30~95重量%と、セルロースエステル重合体(B)5~70重量%とを含む樹脂組成物(C)からなる層から構成される。本発明の位相差フィルムは、必要に応じて、樹脂組成物(C)からなる層以外の任意の層を備えうるが、本発明の効果をより確実に得るためには、図1に示すように、樹脂組成物(C)からなる層から構成される、すなわち、樹脂組成物(C)から構成されることが好ましい。ただし、当該層は、その表面に機能性コーティング層を有しうる。
本発明の画像表示装置は、本発明の位相差フィルムを備える。これにより、画像表示特性に優れる、例えば、高コントラストかつ広視野角の画像表示装置となる。
重量平均分子量(Mw)および数平均分子量(Mn)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用い、以下の測定条件に従って、ポリスチレン換算により求めた。
測定システム:東ソー製GPCシステムHLC-8220
展開溶媒:クロロホルム(和光純薬工業製、特級)
溶媒流量:0.6mL/分
標準試料:TSK標準ポリスチレン(東ソー製、PS-オリゴマーキット)
測定側カラム構成:東ソー製、TSK-GEL super HZM-M 6.0X150、2本直列接続
東ソー製、TSK-GEL super HZ-L 4.6X35、1本
リファレンス側カラム構成:東ソー製、TSK-GEL SuperH-RC 6.0X150、2本直列接続
カラム温度:40℃
ガラス転移温度(Tg)は、JIS K7121に準拠して求めた。具体的には、示差走査熱量計(リガク製、DSC-8230)を用い、窒素ガス雰囲気下、約10mgのサンプルを常温から200℃まで昇温(昇温速度20℃/分)して得られたDSC曲線から、始点法により評価した。リファレンスにはα-アルミナを用いた。
MFRは、JIS K6874に準拠して、試験温度を240℃、試験荷重を10kgとして求めた。
作製した位相差フィルムにおける波長590nmの光に対する面内位相差Reおよび厚さ方向の位相差Rthは、位相差フィルム・光学材料検査装置RETS-100(大塚電子製)を用いて、入射角40°の条件で評価した。面内位相差Reは、式Re=(nx-ny)×dにより、厚さ方向の位相差Rthは、式Rth=[(nx+ny)/2-nz]×dにより、それぞれ定義される。ここで、nxはフィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率、nyはフィルム面内においてnxと垂直な方向の屈折率、nzはフィルムの厚さ方向の屈折率、dはフィルムの厚さ(nm)である。遅相軸方向は、フィルム面内で屈折率が最大の方向である。作製した位相差フィルムのNz係数は、上記のように求めたReおよびRthの値から、式Nz係数=(Rth/Re)+0.5により算出した。
作製した位相差フィルムにおける波長590nmの光に対する光弾性係数は、エリプソメーター(JASCO製、M-150)を用いて評価した。具体的には、作製した位相差フィルムを、延伸方向を長辺として20mm×50mmに切り出して測定試料とし、これをエリプソメーターの光弾性計測ユニットに装着して、延伸方向と平行に5~25Nの応力荷重を印加しながら三点複屈折を計測し、波長590nmの光を使用したときにおける、応力に対する複屈折の傾きを光弾性係数とした。
作製した位相差フィルムの透湿度は、40℃の測定条件下において、JIS Z0208に準拠して求めた。以下の表には、位相差フィルムの厚さ100μmあたりに換算した値を示す。
作製した位相差フィルムのヘイズは、濁度計(日本電色工業製、NDH5000)を用いて評価した。なお、当該濁度計では、JIS K7165に準拠した測定が実施される。以下の表には、フィルムの厚さ50μmあたりの値を示す。
攪拌装置、温度センサー、冷却管および窒素導入管を備えた内容積30L(リットル)の反応装置に、メタクリル酸メチル(MMA)6000g、2-(ヒドロキシメチル)アクリル酸メチル(MHMA)3000g、メタクリル酸ノルマルブチル(BMA)1000g、および重合溶媒としてメチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)とメチルエチルケトン(MEK)との混合溶媒(重量比9:1)6667gを仕込み、これに窒素を通じつつ、105℃まで昇温させた。昇温に伴う還流が始まったところで、重合開始剤として6.0gのt-アミルパーオキシイソノナノエート(アルケマ吉富製、商品名:ルペロックス570)を添加するとともに、上記混合溶媒3315gに上記t-アミルパーオキシイソノナノエート12.0gを溶解した溶液を3時間かけて滴下しながら、約95~110℃の還流下で溶液重合を進行させ、さらに4時間の熟成を行った。重合反応率は90.5%、得られた重合体におけるMHMA単位の含有率は29.7重量%であった。
製造例1で作製した重合体(A-1)90重量部と、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)[アセチル基置換度2.5重量%、ヒドロキシル基置換度1.8重量%、プロピオニル基置換度46重量%、数平均分子量Mn=6.3万、重量平均分子量Mw=17.5万]10重量部とを、塩化メチレンに溶解させ、得られた溶液を攪拌して重合体(A-1)およびセルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)を均一に混合した。次に、得られた混合溶液を、減圧下、120℃で1時間乾燥して、固形の樹脂組成物100重量部を得た。
重合体(A-1)70重量部と、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)30重量部とを塩化メチレンに溶解させたこと、ならびに厚さ120μmの原フィルムを作製したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ82μmの延伸フィルム(F2)を得た。延伸フィルム(F2)の評価結果を以下の表1に示す。
重合体(A-1)50重量部と、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)50重量部とを塩化メチレンに溶解させたこと、ならびに厚さ118μmの原フィルムを作製したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ83μmの延伸フィルム(F3)を得た。延伸フィルム(F3)の評価結果を以下の表1に示す。
重合体(A-1)10重量部と、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)90重量部とを塩化メチレンに溶解させたこと、厚さ104μmの原フィルムを作製したこと、ならびに延伸温度を135℃としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ72μmの延伸フィルム(F4)を得た。延伸フィルム(F4)の評価結果を以下の表1に示す。
攪拌装置、温度センサー、冷却管および窒素導入管を備えた内容積30L(リットル)の反応装置に、メタクリル酸メチル(MMA)52重量部、2-(ヒドロキシメチル)アクリル酸メチル(MHMA)30重量部、メタクリル酸ノルマルブチル(BMA)18重量部、および重合溶媒としてメチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)とメチルエチルケトン(MEK)との混合溶媒(重量比9:1)67重量部を仕込み、これに窒素を通じつつ、105℃まで昇温させた。昇温に伴う還流が始まったところで、重合開始剤として0.06重量部のt-アミルパーオキシイソノナノエート(アルケマ吉富製、商品名:ルペロックス570)を添加するとともに、上記混合溶媒33重量部に上記t-アミルパーオキシイソノナノエート0.12重量部を溶解させた溶液を3時間かけて滴下しながら、約95~110℃の還流下で溶液重合を進行させ、さらに4時間の熟成を行った。
反応装置に仕込む各単量体の量を、MMA60重量部、MHMA30重量部およびBMA10重量部とした以外は製造例2と同様にして、主鎖にラクトン環構造を有するとともに、BMA単位を全構成単位の10重量%有する(メタ)アクリル重合体(A-3)のペレットを得た。重合体(A-3)の重量平均分子量は13.4万であり、Tgは130℃であった。
反応装置にBMAを仕込まず、反応装置に仕込むMMAの量を70重量部、MHMAの量を30重量部とした以外は製造例2と同様にして、主鎖にラクトン環構造を有するとともに、式(1)に示す構成単位を有さない(メタ)アクリル重合体(C-1)のペレットを得た。重合体(C-1)の重量平均分子量は17.0万であり、Tgは122℃であった。
攪拌装置、温度センサー、冷却管および窒素導入管を備えた内容積30L(リットル)の反応装置に、MMA24.5重量部、MHMA26重量部、メタクリル酸エチル(EMA)45重量部、N-ビニルカルバゾール(NVCz)4.5重量部、および重合溶媒としてトルエン86.5重量部とメタノール3.5重量部との混合溶媒を仕込み、これに窒素を通じつつ、95℃まで昇温させた。昇温に伴う還流が始まったところで、重合開始剤として0.01重量部のt-アミルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(アルケマ吉富製、商品名:ルペロックス575)を添加するとともに、トルエン10重量部に上記t-アミルパーオキシ-2-へチルヘキサノエート0.10重量部を溶解させた溶液を8時間かけて滴下しながら、約90~100℃の還流下で溶液重合を進行させ、さらに12時間の熟成を行った。
反応装置に仕込む各単量体の量を、MMA44.5重量部、MHMA26重量部、EMA25重量部およびNVCz4.5重量部とした以外は製造例5と同様にして、主鎖にラクトン環構造を有するとともに、EMA単位を全構成単位の25重量%有する(メタ)アクリル重合体(A-5)を得た。重合体(A-5)の重量平均分子量は17.0万、Tgは129℃であった。
反応装置にEMAを仕込まず、反応装置に仕込むMMAの量を69.5重量部、MHMAの量を26重量部、NVCzの量を4.5重量部とした以外は製造例5と同様にして、主鎖にラクトン環構造を有するとともに、式(1)に示す構成単位を有さない(メタ)アクリル重合体(C-2)を得た。重合体(C-2)の重量平均分子量は16.3万であり、Tgは138℃であった。
製造例2で作製した重合体(A-2)70重量部と、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)[アセチル基置換度2.5重量%、ヒドロキシル基置換度1.8重量%、プロピオニル基置換度46重量%、数平均分子量Mn=6.3万、重量平均分子量Mw=17.5万]30重量部とを、塩化メチレンに溶解させ、得られた溶液を攪拌して重合体(A-2)およびセルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)を均一に混合した。次に、得られた混合溶液を、減圧下、120℃で1時間乾燥して、固形の樹脂組成物100重量部を得た。
重合体(A-2)50重量部とセルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)50重量部とを均一に混合した以外は製造例8と同様にして、未延伸フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの評価結果を以下の表2に示す。
重合体(A-2)の代わりに、製造例3で作製した重合体(A-3)を用いた以外は製造例8と同様にして、未延伸フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの評価結果を以下の表2に示す。
重合体(A-2)の代わりに、製造例4で作製した重合体(C-1)を用いた以外は製造例8と同様にして、未延伸フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの評価結果を以下の表2に示す。
重合体(A-2)の代わりに、製造例5で作製した重合体(A-4)を用いた以外は製造例8と同様にして、未延伸フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの評価結果を以下の表2に示す。
重合体(A-4)50重量部と、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(B-1)50重量部とを均一に混合した以外は製造例12と同様にして、未延伸フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの評価結果を以下の表2に示す。
重合体(A-2)の代わりに、製造例6で作製した重合体(A-5)を用いた以外は製造例8と同様にして、未延伸フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの評価結果を以下の表2に示す。
重合体(A-2)の代わりに、製造例7で作製した重合体(C-2)を用いた以外は製造例8と同様にして、フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの評価結果を以下の表2に示す。
製造例8で作製した未延伸フィルム(ただし、当該フィルムの厚さは120μmとした)を、引張試験機(インストロン製)を用いて、延伸倍率2倍および延伸温度128℃でMD方向に一軸延伸して、厚さ87μmの延伸フィルム(位相差フィルム)を得た。得られた位相差フィルムの評価結果を以下の表3に示す。
製造例9で作製した未延伸フィルム(ただし、当該フィルムの厚さは120μmとした)を用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、厚さ85μmの延伸フィルム(位相差フィルム)を得た。得られた位相差フィルムの評価結果を以下の表3に示す。
製造例10で作製した未延伸フィルム(ただし、当該フィルムの厚さは120μmとした)を用いるとともに延伸温度を133℃とした以外は、実施例4と同様にして、厚さ82μmの延伸フィルム(位相差フィルム)を得た。得られた位相差フィルムの評価結果を以下の表3に示す。
製造例12で作製した未延伸フィルム(ただし、当該フィルムの厚さは123μmとした)を用いるとともに延伸温度を127℃とした以外は、実施例4と同様にして、厚さ86μmの延伸フィルム(位相差フィルム)を得た。得られた位相差フィルムの評価結果を以下の表3に示す。
製造例13で作製した未延伸フィルム(ただし、当該フィルムの厚さは121μmとした)を用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、厚さ84μmの延伸フィルム(位相差フィルム)を得た。得られた位相差フィルムの評価結果を以下の表3に示す。
製造例14で作製した未延伸フィルム(ただし、当該フィルムの厚さは126μmとした)を用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、厚さ87μmの延伸フィルム(位相差フィルム)を得た。得られた位相差フィルムの評価結果を以下の表3に示す。
Claims (9)
- 主鎖に環構造を有する(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)30~95重量%と、
セルロースエステル重合体(B)5~70重量%と、を含む樹脂組成物(C)からなる層を含む位相差フィルム。 - 前記(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)が、メタクリル酸メチル単位および2-(ヒドロキシメチル)アクリル酸エステル単位を有する請求項2に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 前記(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)が、メタクリル酸メチル単位、2-(ヒドロキシメチル)アクリル酸エステル単位およびN-ビニルカルバゾール単位を有する請求項2に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 前記(メタ)アクリル重合体(A)が、メタクリル酸メチル単位を有する請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 波長590nmの光に対する光弾性係数の絶対値が、5×10-12Pa-1以下である請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 波長447、590および750nmのそれぞれの光に対する面内位相差Re(447)、Re(590)およびRe(750)が、
0.8≦Re(447)/Re(590)≦1.2、および
0.8≦Re(750)/Re(590)≦1.2
の関係を満たす請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム。 - JIS K7165に準拠して測定した、厚さ50μmのときのヘイズが5%以下である請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルムを備える画像表示装置。
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JP2014081598A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-08 | Fujifilm Corp | 光学フィルム及びその製造方法ならびに偏光板 |
JP2016017129A (ja) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-01 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 樹脂組成物、該樹脂組成物を含むフィルム、並びに該フィルムを用いた偏光子保護フィルム、偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
JPWO2014057852A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-09 | 2016-09-05 | 出光興産株式会社 | 共重合体、有機電子素子用材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
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JPWO2015178224A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-23 | 2017-04-20 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光学積層体及び画像表示装置 |
JP6664912B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2020-03-13 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光板 |
KR20180091827A (ko) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-08-16 | 니폰 제온 가부시키가이샤 | 액정성 조성물, 액정 경화층 및 그 제조 방법, 그리고 광학 필름 |
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JP2016017129A (ja) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-01 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 樹脂組成物、該樹脂組成物を含むフィルム、並びに該フィルムを用いた偏光子保護フィルム、偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
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CN102939550B (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
KR101771768B1 (ko) | 2017-08-25 |
KR20130096215A (ko) | 2013-08-29 |
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