WO2010038885A1 - 窒化珪素膜およびその形成方法、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体並びにプラズマcvd装置 - Google Patents
窒化珪素膜およびその形成方法、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体並びにプラズマcvd装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010038885A1 WO2010038885A1 PCT/JP2009/067302 JP2009067302W WO2010038885A1 WO 2010038885 A1 WO2010038885 A1 WO 2010038885A1 JP 2009067302 W JP2009067302 W JP 2009067302W WO 2010038885 A1 WO2010038885 A1 WO 2010038885A1
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- gas
- silicon nitride
- nitride film
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 100
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910003910 SiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 172
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 36
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Si] Chemical compound [N].[Si] UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUUOOWSPWTVMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluorosilane Chemical compound F[SiH2]F PUUOOWSPWTVMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001678 elastic recoil detection analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicon halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LXEXBJXDGVGRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(trichlorosilyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl LXEXBJXDGVGRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/0217—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon nitride not containing oxygen, e.g. SixNy or SixByNz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
- C23C16/345—Silicon nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4405—Cleaning of reactor or parts inside the reactor by using reactive gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
- C23C16/511—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using microwave discharges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02205—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
- H01L21/02208—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/02274—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon nitride film and a method for forming the same, a computer-readable storage medium used in this method, and a plasma CVD apparatus.
- a thermal annealing method, a plasma nitriding method, or the like for nitriding silicon is known.
- nitriding treatment cannot be applied, and it is necessary to deposit a silicon nitride film by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- silane (SiH 4 ) or disilane (Si 2 H 6 ) is usually used as a film forming raw material.
- the raw material is formed in the generated silicon nitride film.
- hydrogen existing in the silicon nitride film is related to, for example, negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in which a threshold shift occurs when a P-channel MOSFET is turned on.
- NBTI negative bias temperature instability
- Patent Document 1 introduces a reaction of tetraisocyanate silane, which is a silicon-based raw material that does not contain hydrogen, and a tertiary amine gas into a reaction vessel to cause reaction.
- tetraisocyanate silane which is a silicon-based raw material that does not contain hydrogen
- a tertiary amine gas into a reaction vessel to cause reaction.
- a method for manufacturing a silicon-based insulating film in which a silicon-based insulating film not containing silicon is deposited on a substrate by a hot wall CVD method.
- Patent Document 2 SiCl 4 gas, N 2 O gas, and NO gas are introduced into a low pressure CVD apparatus, and low pressure CVD is performed at a film forming temperature of 850 ° C. and a pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 2 Pa.
- Oxynitride films that do not substantially contain hydrogen-related bonding groups such as Si groups, —OH groups, and hydrogen-related bonds such as Si—H bonds, Si—OH bonds, and N—H bonds are formed. A method to do this has also been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 a semiconductor device manufacturing method including a step of forming a SiN film or a SiON film by high-density plasma CVD using an inorganic Si-based gas not containing H and N 2 , NO, N 2 O, or the like. Has been proposed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for forming a film made of a silicon nitrogen compound on an object to be processed by causing a chemical reaction in plasma using a growth gas containing silicon halide and a nitrogen compound or nitrogen. Proposed.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a method of forming a silicon nitride film on a semiconductor substrate by introducing silicon difluoride gas and excited nitrogen gas.
- Patent Document 1 can be processed at a low temperature of about 200 ° C., but is not a film formation technique using plasma. Moreover, the method of the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 is satisfactory because there is a concern that the thermal budget is increased in that it requires a film forming temperature as high as 850 ° C. in addition to the film forming technique using plasma. is not.
- SiCl 4 gas used in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 is dissociated too much in plasma with a high electron temperature, and forms an active species (etchant) having an etching action. As a result, the film formation efficiency is lowered. That is, SiCl 4 gas was unsuitable as a plasma CVD raw material.
- Patent Document 3 describes that SiCl 4 gas can be used as “an inorganic Si-based gas not containing H”, but the gas used for forming the SiN film in the examples is SiF 4 .
- SiF 4 gas is used for forming the SiN film in the examples.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 although there is a suggestion that a film is formed by plasma CVD using SiCl 4 gas as a raw material, practical verification has not been made, and there is no speculation. Furthermore, since there is no specific disclosure about the contents of the high-density plasma in Patent Document 3, there is provided a solution for how to solve the above-described etchant generation problem when SiCl 4 gas is used. Not done.
- Patent Document 5 describes that a silicon nitride film is formed by thermally decomposing SiCl 4 gas and NCl 3 gas to generate SiCl 2 gas and NCl 2 and supplying them to the surface of a silicon substrate.
- SiCl 4 as a film forming material for plasma CVD.
- JP-A-10-189582 for example, claim 1
- JP 2000-91337 A for example, paragraph 0033
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-77406 for example, claims 1 and 2
- JP-A-57-152132 for example, claims
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-114257 for example, claim 1, paragraph 0064, etc.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality silicon nitride film that does not substantially contain hydrogen and that has high insulating properties, and that uses the silicon nitride film as a plasma. It is to provide a method of forming by a CVD method.
- the silicon nitride film according to the present invention is a compound gas composed of silicon atoms and chlorine atoms in a plasma CVD apparatus that forms a film by introducing a microwave into a processing vessel by a planar antenna having a plurality of holes. And a silicon nitride film formed by performing plasma CVD using a processing gas containing nitrogen gas,
- the concentration of hydrogen atoms measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is 9.9 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- an N—H bond peak is not detected by measurement with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR).
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer
- a method for forming a silicon nitride film according to the present invention includes a plasma CVD method in which a plasma is generated by introducing a microwave into a processing container using a planar antenna having a plurality of holes to form a film, and a target object is formed by plasma CVD.
- a method of forming a silicon nitride film on which a silicon nitride film is formed The pressure in the processing container is set within a range of 0.1 Pa to 6.7 Pa, and plasma CVD is performed using a processing gas containing a compound gas composed of silicon atoms and chlorine atoms and a nitrogen gas.
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the compound comprising silicon atoms and chlorine atoms is preferably silicon tetrachloride (SiCl 4 ).
- the flow rate ratio of the SiCl 4 gas to the total processing gas is in a range of 0.03% to 15%.
- the flow rate ratio of the nitrogen gas to the total processing gas is preferably in the range of 5% to 99%.
- a computer-readable storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium storing a control program that runs on a computer, When the control program is executed,
- the pressure in the processing container is within a range of 0.1 Pa to 6.7 Pa.
- the concentration of hydrogen atoms measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is 9.9 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / second using a processing gas containing a compound gas consisting of silicon atoms and chlorine atoms and a nitrogen gas.
- the plasma CVD apparatus is controlled by a computer so that plasma CVD for forming a silicon nitride film having a size of cm 3 or less is performed.
- a plasma CVD apparatus is a plasma CVD apparatus for forming a silicon nitride film on an object to be processed by a plasma CVD method,
- a processing container having an opening in the upper part for accommodating the object to be processed;
- a dielectric member that closes the opening of the processing container;
- a planar antenna provided on the dielectric member and having a plurality of holes for introducing a microwave into the processing vessel to generate plasma;
- a gas introduction unit connected to a gas supply mechanism for supplying a processing gas into the processing container;
- An exhaust mechanism for evacuating the inside of the processing vessel;
- the concentration of hydrogen atoms measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry is 9.9 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or less, and the film contains substantially no hydrogen. Therefore, hydrogen does not adversely affect the device and is excellent in insulation, so that high reliability can be imparted to the device. Therefore, the silicon nitride film of the present invention has high utility value for uses such as a gate insulating film, a liner film around the gate insulating film, an interlayer insulating film, a protective film, and an etching stopper.
- the concentration of hydrogen atoms measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry is 9.
- a silicon nitride film which is 9 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or less and does not substantially contain hydrogen and has high insulating properties and high quality can be formed by a plasma CVD method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a plasma CVD apparatus suitable for forming a silicon nitride film.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the structure of a planar antenna.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the control unit.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a process example of the method for forming a silicon nitride film of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the dependence of the refractive index of the silicon nitride film of the present invention on the processing pressure, the microwave output, and the N 2 gas flow rate during film formation.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of SIMS measurement.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of FT-IR measurement.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of the wet etching test.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a schematic configuration of a plasma CVD apparatus 100 that can be used for forming a silicon nitride film of the present invention.
- the plasma CVD apparatus 100 generates plasma by introducing microwaves into a processing container using a planar antenna having a plurality of slot-shaped holes, particularly a RLSA (Radial Line Slot Antenna). It is configured as an RLSA microwave plasma processing apparatus that can generate microwave-excited plasma having a density and a low electron temperature.
- RLSA Random Line Slot Antenna
- the plasma CVD apparatus 100 treatment with plasma having a plasma density of 1 ⁇ 10 10 to 5 ⁇ 10 12 / cm 3 and a low electron temperature of 0.7 to 2 eV is possible. Therefore, the plasma CVD apparatus 100 can be suitably used for the purpose of forming a silicon nitride film by plasma CVD in the manufacturing process of various semiconductor devices.
- the plasma CVD apparatus 100 includes, as main components, an airtight processing vessel 1 and a gas introduction unit 14 connected to a gas supply mechanism 18 that supplies gas into the processing vessel 1 via a gas introduction pipe 22a, 15, an exhaust device 24 as an exhaust mechanism for evacuating the inside of the processing container 1, a microwave introducing mechanism 27 that is provided above the processing container 1 and introduces microwaves into the processing container 1, and these plasmas And a control unit 50 that controls each component of the CVD apparatus 100.
- the gas supply mechanism 18 is integrated into the plasma CVD apparatus 100, but it is not always necessary to integrate it integrally. Of course, the gas supply mechanism 18 may be externally attached to the plasma CVD apparatus 100.
- the processing container 1 is formed of a grounded substantially cylindrical container. Note that the processing container 1 may be formed of a rectangular tube-shaped container.
- the processing container 1 has a bottom wall 1a and a side wall 1b made of a material such as aluminum.
- a processing table 1 is provided with a mounting table 2 for horizontally supporting a silicon wafer (hereinafter simply referred to as a “wafer”) W as an object to be processed.
- the mounting table 2 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity, such as ceramics such as AlN.
- the mounting table 2 is supported by a cylindrical support member 3 extending upward from the center of the bottom of the exhaust chamber 11.
- the support member 3 is made of ceramics such as AlN, for example.
- the mounting table 2 is provided with a cover ring 4 that covers the outer edge portion thereof and guides the wafer W.
- the cover ring 4 is an annular member made of a material such as quartz, AlN, Al 2 O 3 , or SiN.
- a resistance heating type heater 5 as a temperature adjusting mechanism is embedded in the mounting table 2.
- the heater 5 is heated by the heater power supply 5a to heat the mounting table 2 and uniformly heats the wafer W, which is a substrate to be processed, with the heat.
- the mounting table 2 is provided with a thermocouple (TC) 6.
- TC thermocouple
- the heating temperature of the wafer W can be controlled in a range from room temperature to 900 ° C., for example.
- the mounting table 2 has wafer support pins (not shown) for supporting the wafer W and moving it up and down.
- Each wafer support pin is provided so as to protrude and retract with respect to the surface of the mounting table 2.
- a circular opening 10 is formed at a substantially central portion of the bottom wall 1a of the processing container 1.
- An exhaust chamber 11 that communicates with the opening 10 and projects downward is provided on the bottom wall 1a.
- An exhaust pipe 12 is connected to the exhaust chamber 11 and is connected to an exhaust device 24 via the exhaust pipe 12.
- An annular plate 13 having a function as a lid for opening and closing the processing container 1 is disposed at the upper end of the side wall 1b forming the processing container 1.
- the plate 13 has an opening, and the inner peripheral portion of the plate 13 protrudes toward the inside (the processing container internal space) to form an annular support portion 13a.
- the plate 13 is provided with a gas introduction part 40, and the gas introduction part 40 is provided with an annular gas introduction part 14 having a first gas introduction hole.
- An annular gas introduction part 15 having a second gas introduction hole is provided on the side wall 1b of the processing container 1. That is, the gas introduction parts 14 and 15 are provided in two upper and lower stages. Each gas introduction part 14 and 15 is connected to the gas supply mechanism 18 which supplies process gas.
- the gas introduction parts 14 and 15 may be provided in a nozzle shape or a shower head shape. Further, the gas introduction part 14 and the gas introduction part 15 may be provided in a single shower head.
- a loading / unloading port 16 for loading / unloading the wafer W between the plasma CVD apparatus 100 and a transfer chamber (not shown) adjacent to the plasma CVD apparatus 100 is provided on the side wall 1b of the processing container 1.
- a gate valve 17 for opening and closing 16 is provided.
- the gas supply mechanism 18 includes, for example, a nitrogen gas supply source 19a, a silicon (Si) -containing gas supply source 19b, an inert gas supply source 19c, and a cleaning gas supply source 19d.
- the nitrogen gas supply source 19a is connected to the upper gas introduction unit 14.
- the Si-containing gas supply source 19b, the inert gas supply source 19c, and the cleaning gas supply source 19d are connected to the lower gas introduction unit 15.
- the cleaning gas supply source 19d is used when cleaning unnecessary films attached in the processing container 1.
- the gas supply mechanism 18 includes a purge gas supply source used when replacing the atmosphere in the processing container 1 as a gas supply source (not shown) other than the above, for example.
- the silicon (Si) -containing gas is represented by a compound gas composed of silicon atoms and chlorine atoms, for example, Si n Cl 2n + 2 such as tetrachlorosilane (SiCl 4 ) or hexachlorodisilane (Si 2 Cl 6 ).
- a compound gas is used. Since SiCl 4 and N 2 do not contain hydrogen in the source gas molecules, they can be preferably used in the present invention.
- a rare gas can be used as the inert gas. The rare gas is useful for generating stable plasma as a plasma excitation gas.
- Ar gas, Kr gas, Xe gas, He gas, or the like can be used.
- the N 2 gas reaches from the nitrogen gas supply source 19a of the gas supply mechanism 18 to the gas introduction part 14 through the gas line 20a, and is introduced into the processing container 1 from the gas introduction hole (not shown) of the gas introduction part 14. Is done.
- the Si-containing gas, the inert gas, and the cleaning gas are supplied from the Si-containing gas supply source 19b, the inert gas supply source 19c, and the cleaning gas supply source 19d through the gas lines 20b, 20c, and 20d, respectively.
- the gas is introduced into the processing container 1 from a gas introduction hole (not shown) of the gas introduction part 15.
- Each gas line 20a to 20d connected to each gas supply source is provided with mass flow controllers 21a to 21d and open / close valves 22a to 22d before and after the mass flow controllers 21a to 21d.
- the rare gas for plasma excitation such as Ar gas is an arbitrary gas, and it is not always necessary to supply it simultaneously with the film forming source gas (Si-containing gas, N 2 gas), but it is added from the viewpoint of stabilizing the plasma. It is preferable to do.
- Ar gas may be used as a carrier gas for stably supplying SiCl 4 gas into the processing vessel.
- the exhaust device 24 as an exhaust mechanism includes a high-speed vacuum pump such as a turbo molecular pump. As described above, the exhaust device 24 is connected to the exhaust chamber 11 of the processing container 1 through the exhaust pipe 12. By operating the exhaust device 24, the gas in the processing container 1 uniformly flows into the space 11a of the exhaust chamber 11, and is further exhausted to the outside through the exhaust pipe 12 from the space 11a. Thereby, the inside of the processing container 1 can be depressurized at a high speed, for example, to 0.133 Pa.
- the microwave introduction mechanism 27 includes a transmission plate 28, a planar antenna 31, a slow wave material 33, a cover 34, a waveguide 37, and a microwave generator 39 as main components.
- the transmission plate 28 that transmits microwaves is provided on a support portion 13 a that protrudes toward the inner periphery of the plate 13.
- the transmission plate 28 is made of a dielectric, for example, ceramics such as quartz, Al 2 O 3 , and AlN.
- a gap between the transmission plate 28 and the support portion 13a is hermetically sealed through a seal member 29. Therefore, the inside of the processing container 1 is kept airtight.
- the planar antenna 31 is provided above the transmission plate 28 so as to face the mounting table 2.
- the planar antenna 31 has a disk shape.
- the shape of the planar antenna 31 is not limited to a disk shape, and may be a square plate shape, for example.
- the planar antenna 31 is locked to the upper end of the plate 13.
- the planar antenna 31 is made of, for example, a copper plate, a nickel plate, a SUS plate or an aluminum plate whose surface is plated with gold or silver.
- the planar antenna 31 has a number of slot-shaped microwave radiation holes 32 that radiate microwaves.
- the microwave radiation holes 32 are formed through the planar antenna 31 in a predetermined pattern.
- each microwave radiation hole 32 has an elongated rectangular shape (slot shape), and two adjacent microwave radiation holes form a pair.
- the adjacent microwave radiation holes 32 are typically arranged in an “L” or “V” shape. Further, the microwave radiation holes 32 arranged in a predetermined shape in this way are further arranged concentrically as a whole.
- the length and arrangement interval of the microwave radiation holes 32 are determined according to the wavelength ( ⁇ g) of the microwave.
- the interval between the microwave radiation holes 32 is arranged to be ⁇ g / 4 to ⁇ g.
- the interval between adjacent microwave radiation holes 32 formed concentrically is indicated by ⁇ r.
- the microwave radiation hole 32 may have another shape such as a circular shape or an arc shape.
- the arrangement form of the microwave radiation holes 32 is not particularly limited, and may be arranged in a spiral shape, a radial shape, or the like in addition to a concentric shape.
- a slow wave material 33 having a dielectric constant larger than that of a vacuum is provided on the upper surface of the planar antenna 31.
- the slow wave material 33 has a function of adjusting the plasma by shortening the wavelength of the microwave because the wavelength of the microwave becomes longer in vacuum.
- planar antenna 31 and the transmission plate 28 and the slow wave member 33 and the planar antenna 31 may be brought into contact with or separated from each other, but are preferably brought into contact with each other.
- a cover 34 is provided on the top of the processing container 1 so as to cover the planar antenna 31 and the slow wave material 33.
- the cover 34 is made of a metal material such as aluminum or stainless steel.
- the upper end of the plate 13 and the cover 34 are sealed by a seal member 35.
- a cooling water passage 34 a is formed inside the cover 34. By allowing the cooling water to flow through the cooling water flow path 34a, the cover 34, the slow wave material 33, the planar antenna 31 and the transmission plate 28 can be cooled.
- the cover 34 is grounded.
- An opening 36 is formed at the center of the upper wall (ceiling) of the cover 34, and a waveguide 37 is connected to the opening 36.
- the other end of the waveguide 37 is connected to a microwave generator 39 that generates a microwave via a matching circuit 38.
- the waveguide 37 includes a coaxial waveguide 37a having a circular cross section extending upward from the opening 36 of the cover 34, and a rectangular waveguide extending in the horizontal direction connected to the upper end of the coaxial waveguide 37a.
- An inner conductor 41 extends in the center of the coaxial waveguide 37a.
- the inner conductor 41 is connected and fixed to the center of the planar antenna 31 at its lower end. With such a structure, the microwave is efficiently and uniformly propagated radially and uniformly to the planar antenna 31 via the inner conductor 41 of the coaxial waveguide 37a.
- the microwave generated by the microwave generator 39 is propagated to the planar antenna 31 via the waveguide 37 and further into the processing container 1 via the transmission plate 28. It has been introduced.
- the microwave frequency for example, 2.45 GHz is preferably used, and 8.35 GHz, 1.98 GHz, or the like can be used.
- the control unit 50 includes a computer, and includes, for example, a process controller 51 including a CPU, a user interface 52 connected to the process controller 51, and a storage unit 53 as illustrated in FIG.
- the process controller 51 is a component related to process conditions such as temperature, pressure, gas flow rate, and microwave output (for example, the heater power supply 5a, the gas supply mechanism 18, the exhaust device 24, the microwave). This is a control means for controlling the generator 39 and the like in an integrated manner.
- the user interface 52 includes a keyboard on which a process administrator manages command input to manage the plasma CVD apparatus 100, a display that visualizes and displays the operating status of the plasma CVD apparatus 100, and the like.
- the storage unit 53 stores a recipe in which a control program (software) for realizing various processes executed by the plasma CVD apparatus 100 under the control of the process controller 51 and processing condition data are recorded. Yes.
- an arbitrary recipe is called from the storage unit 53 by an instruction from the user interface 52 and is executed by the process controller 51, so that the processing container 1 of the plasma CVD apparatus 100 is controlled under the control of the process controller 51.
- the recipes such as the control program and processing condition data may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a hard disk, a flexible disk, a flash memory, a DVD, or a Blu-ray disk. Alternatively, it may be transmitted from other devices as needed via, for example, a dedicated line and used online.
- the gate valve 17 is opened, and the wafer W is loaded into the processing container 1 from the loading / unloading port 16, mounted on the mounting table 2 and heated.
- Ar gas is introduced into the processing container 1 through the gas introduction portions 14 and 15 at a predetermined flow rate. And the inside of the processing container 1 is set to a predetermined pressure. The conditions at this time will be described later.
- a microwave having a predetermined frequency, for example, 2.45 GHz, generated by the microwave generator 39 is guided to the waveguide 37 through the matching circuit 38.
- the microwave guided to the waveguide 37 sequentially passes through the rectangular waveguide 37 b and the coaxial waveguide 37 a and is supplied to the planar antenna 31 through the inner conductor 41.
- the microwaves propagate radially from the coaxial waveguide 37 a toward the planar antenna 31.
- the microwave is radiated from the slot-shaped microwave radiation hole 32 of the planar antenna 31 to the space above the wafer W in the processing chamber 1 through the transmission plate 28.
- An electromagnetic field is formed in the processing container 1 by the microwaves transmitted through the transmission plate 28 from the planar antenna 31 and radiated to the processing container 1, and nitrogen gas and SiCl 4 gas are turned into plasma, respectively.
- Ar gas may be added as necessary.
- the flow rate of the time Ar gas from the viewpoint of accelerating the decomposition of damage or SiCl 4 to the membrane, preferably supplied in an amount less than the total flow rate of N 2, SiCl 4 gas. Then, the dissociation of the source gas efficiently proceeds in the plasma, and silicon nitride (SiN; where the composition ratio between Si and N is not necessarily limited by the reaction of active species (ions, radicals, etc.) such as SiCl 3 and N.
- a thin film is deposited which is not stoichiometrically determined and takes different values depending on the film formation conditions (hereinafter the same).
- the silicon nitride film deposited in the chamber is cleaned with heat of 100 to 500 ° C., preferably 200 to 300 ° C., by supplying ClF 3 gas into the chamber as a cleaning gas. To be removed.
- ClF 3 gas When NF 3 is used as the cleaning gas, plasma is generated at room temperature to 300 ° C.
- the above conditions are stored as recipes in the storage unit 53 of the control unit 50. Then, the process controller 51 reads the recipe and sends a control signal to each component of the plasma CVD apparatus 100 such as the heater power source 5a, the gas supply mechanism 18, the exhaust device 24, the microwave generator 39, etc. Plasma CVD processing under conditions is realized.
- FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing a silicon nitride film manufacturing process performed in the plasma CVD apparatus 100.
- a plasma CVD process is performed on an arbitrary underlying layer (for example, Si substrate) 60 using a plasma CVD apparatus 100.
- This plasma CVD process is performed under the following conditions using a deposition gas containing SiCl 4 gas and nitrogen gas.
- the treatment pressure is set in the range of 0.1 Pa to 6.7 Pa, preferably in the range of 0.1 Pa to 4 Pa.
- the lower the processing pressure the better.
- the lower limit value of 0.1 Pa in the above range is a value set based on restrictions on the apparatus (limit of high vacuum). When the processing pressure exceeds 6.7 Pa, dissociation of the SiCl 4 gas does not proceed and sufficient film formation cannot be performed.
- the flow rate of the SiCl 4 gas is preferably set to 0.5 mL / min (sccm) or more and 10 mL / min (sccm) or less, and is set to 0.5 mL / min (sccm) or more and 2 mL / min (sccm) or less. More preferably.
- the ratio of the nitrogen gas flow rate (N 2 gas / percentage of the total process gas flow rate) to the total process gas flow rate is preferably 5% to 99%, and preferably 40% to 99%. More preferred.
- the flow rate of nitrogen gas is preferably set to 50 mL / min (sccm) or more and 1000 mL / min (sccm) or less, more preferably 300 mL / min (sccm) or more and 1000 mL / min (sccm) or less, and 300 mL / min (sccm) or less. It is more preferable to set it to (sccm) or more and 600 mL / min (sccm) or less.
- the gas flow rate ratio of SiCl 4 / N 2 is preferably 0.005 or less.
- the flow rate ratio of Ar gas is preferably 0 or more and 90% or less, and more preferably 0 or more and 60% or less with respect to the total process gas flow rate. . More preferably, it is less than the total flow rate of N 2 and SiCl 4 .
- the flow rate of the inert gas is preferably set to 0 mL / min (sccm) or more and 1000 mL / min (sccm) or less, and more preferably set to 0 mL / min (sccm) or more and 200 mL / min (sccm) or less. preferable.
- the temperature of the plasma CVD process may be set such that the temperature of the mounting table 2 is in the range of 300 ° C. or higher and lower than 600 ° C., preferably 400 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower.
- the microwave output in the plasma CVD apparatus 100 is preferably in the range of 0.25 to 2.56 W / cm 2 as the power density per area of the transmission plate 28. 0.767 to 2.56 W / cm 2 is more preferable.
- the microwave output can be selected, for example, from the range of 500 to 5000 W so that the power density is within the above range according to the purpose, and preferably the range of 1500 to 5000 W.
- SiCl 4 / N 2 gas plasma is formed as shown in FIG. 4B, and a silicon nitride film (SiN film) 70 can be deposited.
- a silicon nitride film can be formed with a film thickness in the range of 2 nm to 300 nm, preferably in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, for example.
- the silicon nitride film 70 obtained as described above is dense and excellent in insulation, and does not contain hydrogen atoms (H) derived from the film forming raw material. That is, the silicon nitride film 70 is an insulating film that does not contain H atoms derived from the raw material in the film. Therefore, an adverse effect (for example, NBTI) on the device due to hydrogen is prevented, and the reliability of the device can be improved. Therefore, the silicon nitride film 70 formed by the method of the present invention can be preferably used for applications such as a gate insulating film, a liner around the gate insulating film, an interlayer insulating film, a protective film, and an etching stopper film.
- H hydrogen atoms
- a silicon nitride film substantially free of hydrogen atoms (H) derived from a film forming material can be formed by using SiCl 4 and nitrogen gas as film forming materials. It is considered that the SiCl 4 gas used in the present invention undergoes a dissociation reaction in steps of the following steps i) to iv) in plasma.
- the dissociation reaction shown in i) to iv) is easy to proceed due to the high energy of the plasma, and the SiCl 4 molecules are scattered and highly dissociated. It is easy to be in a state. Therefore, a large amount of etchants such as Cl ions, which are active species having an etching action, are generated from SiCl 4 molecules, the etching becomes dominant, and the silicon nitride film cannot be deposited. For this reason, SiCl 4 gas has not been used as a film forming material for plasma CVD performed on an industrial scale.
- the plasma CVD apparatus 100 used in the method of the present invention has a low electron temperature by a configuration in which a plasma is generated by introducing a microwave into the processing container 1 by a planar antenna 31 having a plurality of slots (microwave radiation holes 32). Plasma can be formed. Therefore, by using the plasma CVD apparatus 100 and controlling the processing pressure and the flow rate of the processing gas within the above ranges, even if SiCl 4 gas is used as a film forming raw material, the plasma energy is low, so the dissociation is SiCl 3 , The ratio of staying in SiCl 2 is large, a low dissociation state is maintained, and film formation becomes dominant.
- the dissociation of SiCl 4 molecules is suppressed up to the stage i) or ii) by the low electron temperature / low energy plasma, thereby suppressing the formation of the etchant (Cl ions, etc.) that adversely affects the film formation. Therefore, the film formation becomes dominant.
- the plasma according to the method of the present invention has a low electron temperature and a high electron density, it is easy to dissociate SiCl 4 gas, a large amount of SiCl 3 ions are generated, and nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is also dissociated in the high concentration plasma to become N ions. It is considered that SiCl 3 ions and N ions react to generate SiN. Therefore, a silicon nitride film can be formed by using nitrogen gas (N 2 ). Therefore, it has become possible to form a high-quality silicon nitride film with little ion damage and extremely low hydrogen content by using plasma CVD using SiCl 4 gas as a raw material.
- the plasma CVD apparatus 100 does not rapidly dissociate the film forming source gas by the low electron temperature plasma but mildly dissociates by gentle dissociation, it is easy to control the deposition rate (film forming rate) of the silicon nitride film.
- film formation can be performed while controlling the film thickness from a thin film of about 2 nm to a relatively thick film of about 300 nm.
- FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C show the relationship between the refractive index of the silicon nitride film, the processing pressure at the time of film formation, the microwave output, and the flow rate of nitrogen gas (N 2 ).
- the film forming conditions in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C are basically as follows. [Plasma CVD conditions] Processing temperature (mounting table): 500 ° C Microwave power: 3 kW (power density 1.53 W / cm 2 ) Processing pressure: 2.7 Pa SiCl 4 flow rate; 1 mL / min (sccm) N 2 gas flow rate; 400 mL / min (sccm)
- FIG. 5A shows the relationship between the refractive index of the silicon nitride film and the processing pressure at the time of film formation. From FIG. 5A, the refractive index tends to be higher as the processing pressure is smaller. At the processing pressure of 5 Pa, the refractive index is about 1.82, and at the processing pressure of 4 Pa, the refractive index is from 1.85. Highly preferred. Further, when the processing pressure is 10 Pa, the refractive index is as low as 1.70, which is not preferable.
- FIG. 5 (b) shows the relationship between the refractive index of the silicon nitride film and the microwave output during film formation. From FIG. 5B, the refractive index increases as the microwave output increases. If the microwave output is 1000 W or higher, the refractive index is preferably 1.85 or higher.
- FIG. 5C shows the relationship between the refractive index of the silicon nitride film and the flow rate of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) during film formation.
- the higher the processing pressure is low also, as the flow rate of the nitrogen gas (N 2) is increased, there is a tendency that the higher the refractive index, the flow rate of the process pressure 5 Pa, nitrogen gas (N 2) Is 600 mL / min (sccm) and the refractive index is preferably about 1.85, and further, the processing pressure is 2.7 Pa, 300 mL / min (sccm), and the refractive index is as high as 1.90.
- the flow rate of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is 300 mL / min (sccm) at a processing pressure of 10 Pa, and the refractive index is as low as 1.65, which is not preferable.
- the silicon nitride film formed by LPCVD (low pressure CVD) was similarly measured by SIMS.
- Processing temperature (mounting table): 400 ° C
- Microwave power 3 kW (power density 1.53 W / cm 2 ; per transmission plate area)
- Processing pressure 2.7 Pa SiCl 4 flow rate (or Si 2 H 6 flow rate); 1 mL / min (sccm)
- N 2 gas flow rate 450 mL / min (sccm)
- Ar gas flow rate 40 mL / min (sccm)
- the amount of hydrogen atoms in the SIMS result is the relative sensitivity coefficient (RSF) calculated by the H concentration (6.6 ⁇ 10 21 atoms / cm 3 ) of the standard sample quantified by RBS / HR-ERDA (High Resolution Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis). ) Is used to convert the secondary ion intensity of H into atomic concentration (RBS-SIMS measurement method).
- FIG. 6A shows a silicon nitride film formed using SiCl 4 + N 2 by the method of the present invention
- FIG. 6B shows a silicon nitride film formed by LPCVD
- FIG. 6C shows Si 2 H 6 + N 2 as a raw material. The measurement result of the silicon nitride film is shown.
- the SiN film formed by the method of the present invention has a hydrogen atom concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 in the film, which is the detection limit level of the SIMS-RBS measuring instrument.
- the concentration of hydrogen atoms contained in the film is 2 ⁇ 10 21 atoms / cm 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 22 atoms / cm 3 or more, respectively. It was. From this result, it was confirmed that the SiN film obtained by the method of the present invention did not substantially contain hydrogen, unlike the SiN film formed by the conventional method. That is, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to form a SiN film having hydrogen atoms of 9.9 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG.
- the etching resistance was evaluated by treating each SiN film formed under the above conditions with 0.5% by weight diluted hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 60 seconds and measuring the etching depth.
- HF diluted hydrofluoric acid
- FIG. 8 for comparison, the film was formed by thermal oxidation (WVG; a method of using a steam generator to burn O 2 and H 2 to generate and supply steam) formed at 950 ° C. Results for the silicon oxide film are also listed.
- the etching rate of the SiN film obtained by using SiCl 4 + N 2 of the method of the present invention as a film forming raw material was 0.025 nm / second.
- the etching rate of the SiN film obtained using Si 2 H 6 + N 2 as the film forming material is 0.015 nm / second
- the etching rate of the SiN film by LPCVD formed at 780 ° C. is 0.02 nm / second, 950 ° C.
- the SiN film obtained by the method of the present invention using SiCl 4 + N 2 as the film forming raw material has the same level as the LPCVD SiN film formed at 780 ° C., even though it was formed at 400 ° C. It was a highly dense film having etching resistance. Further, the etching resistance of the SiN film obtained by the method of the present invention is not much different from that of the SiN film obtained using Si 2 H 6 + N 2 as a film forming raw material, and more than that of the SiO 2 film formed by thermal oxidation. The etching resistance was remarkably excellent. Therefore, it was shown that the method of the present invention can form a dense and high-quality SiN film while significantly suppressing an increase in thermal budget as compared with the conventional film forming method.
- a film forming gas containing SiCl 4 gas is used, and plasma CVD is performed by selecting a flow rate ratio of SiCl 4 gas or N 2 gas and a processing pressure.
- a silicon nitride film having a good quality and a hydrogen atom concentration of 9.9 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or less can be manufactured on the wafer W.
- the hydrogen-free silicon nitride film formed in this way can be applied to uses such as a gate insulating film, a liner around the gate insulating film, an interlayer insulating film, a protective film, and an etching stopper film. In this application, it is possible to expect an effect of preventing a decrease in reliability due to hydrogen atoms.
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Abstract
Description
二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下である。
前記処理容器内の圧力を0.1Pa以上6.7Pa以下の範囲内に設定し、シリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物のガスと窒素ガスを含む処理ガスを用いてプラズマCVDを行うことにより、二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下である窒化珪素膜を形成する工程、
を備えている。
前記制御プログラムは、実行時に、
複数の孔を有する平面アンテナにより処理容器内にマイクロ波を導入してプラズマを生成して成膜を行うプラズマCVD装置において、前記処理容器内の圧力を0.1Pa以上6.7Pa以下の範囲内に設定し、シリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物のガスと窒素ガスを含む処理ガスを用いて、二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下である窒化珪素膜を形成するプラズマCVDが行われるように、コンピュータに前記プラズマCVD装置を制御させるものであることを特徴とする。
被処理体を収容する上部に開口を有する処理容器と、
前記処理容器の開口を塞ぐ誘電体部材と、
前記誘電体部材上に設けられ、前記処理容器内にマイクロ波を導入して、プラズマを生成するための複数の孔を有する平面アンテナと、
前記処理容器内に処理ガスを供給するガス供給機構に接続するガス導入部と、
前記処理容器内を減圧排気する排気機構と、
前記処理容器内において、圧力を0.1Pa以上6.7Pa以下の範囲内に設定し、前記ガス供給機構に接続するガス導入部よりシリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物ガスと窒素ガスを含む処理ガスを用い、二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下である窒化珪素膜を形成するプラズマCVDが行われるように制御する制御部と、
を備えている。
図2は平面アンテナの構造を示す図面である。
図3は制御部の構成を示す説明図である。
図4は本発明の窒化珪素膜の形成方法の工程例を示す図面である。
図5は本発明の窒化珪素膜の屈折率の、成膜時の処理圧力、マイクロ波出力、N2ガス流量に対する依存性を示すグラフである。
図6はSIMS測定の結果を示すグラフである。
図7はFT−IR測定の結果を示すグラフである。
図8はウエットエッチング試験の結果を示すグラフである。
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は、本発明の窒化珪素膜の形成に利用可能なプラズマCVD装置100の概略構成を模式的に示す断面図である。
また、SiCl4/N2のガス流量比は、0.005以下が好ましい。
本発明の窒化珪素膜の形成方法では、成膜原料として、SiCl4と窒素ガスを用いることによって、成膜原料由来の水素原子(H)を実質的に含有しない窒化珪素膜を形成することができる。本発明で使用するSiCl4ガスは、プラズマ中では、以下のi)~iv)に示す段階を踏んで解離反応が進行するものと考えられている。
i)SiCl4→SiCl3+Cl
ii)SiCl3→SiCl2+Cl+Cl
iii)SiCl2→SiCl+Cl+Cl+Cl
iv)SiCl→Si+Cl+Cl+Cl+Cl
[ここで、Clはイオンを意味する]
[プラズマCVD条件]
処理温度(載置台):500℃
マイクロ波パワー:3kW(パワー密度1.53W/cm2)
処理圧力;2.7Pa
SiCl4流量;1mL/min(sccm)
N2ガス流量;400mL/min(sccm)
処理温度(載置台):400℃
マイクロ波パワー:3kW(パワー密度1.53W/cm2;透過板面積あたり)
処理圧力;2.7Pa
SiCl4流量(またはSi2H6流量);1mL/min(sccm)
N2ガス流量;450mL/min(sccm)
Arガス流量;40mL/min(sccm)
処理温度:780℃
処理圧力;133Pa
SiH2Cl2ガス+NH3ガス;100+1000mL/min(sccm)
使用装置:ATOMIKA 4500型(ATOMIKA社製)二次イオン質量分析装置
一次イオン条件:Cs+、1keV、約20nA
照射領域:約350×490μm
分析領域:約65×92μm
二次イオン極性:負
帯電補正:有
2…載置台
3…支持部材
5…ヒータ
12…排気管
14,15…ガス導入部
16…搬入出口
17…ゲートバルブ
18…ガス供給機構
19a…窒素ガス供給源
19b…Si含有ガス供給源
19c…不活性ガス供給源
24…排気装置
27…マイクロ波導入機構
28…透過板
29…シール部材
31…平面アンテナ
32…マイクロ波放射孔
37…導波管
39…マイクロ波発生装置
50…制御部
100…プラズマCVD装置
W…半導体ウエハ(基板)
Claims (8)
- 複数の孔を有する平面アンテナにより処理容器内にマイクロ波を導入してプラズマを生成して成膜を行うプラズマCVD装置においてシリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物のガスと窒素ガスを含む処理ガスを用いてプラズマCVDを行うことにより成膜されてなる窒化珪素膜であって、
二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下であることを特徴とする窒化珪素膜。 - フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計(FT−IR)による測定でN−H結合のピークが検出されないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の窒化珪素膜。
- 複数の孔を有する平面アンテナにより処理容器内にマイクロ波を導入してプラズマを生成して成膜を行うプラズマCVD装置においてプラズマCVD法により被処理体上に窒化珪素膜を形成する窒化珪素膜の形成方法であって、
前記処理容器内の圧力を0.1Pa以上6.7Pa以下の範囲内に設定し、シリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物のガスと窒素ガスを含む処理ガスを用いてプラズマCVDを行うことにより、二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下である窒化珪素膜を形成する工程、
を備えていることを特徴とする窒化珪素膜の形成方法。 - 前記シリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物が、四塩化珪素(SiCl4)であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の窒化珪素膜の形成方法。
- 全処理ガスに対する前記SiCl4ガスの流量比率が、0.03%以上15%以下の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の窒化珪素膜の形成方法。
- 全処理ガスに対する前記窒素ガスの流量比率が、5%以上99%以下の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の窒化珪素膜の形成方法。
- コンピュータ上で動作する制御プログラムが記憶されたコンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体であって、
前記制御プログラムは、実行時に、
複数の孔を有する平面アンテナにより処理容器内にマイクロ波を導入してプラズマを生成して成膜を行うプラズマCVD装置において、前記処理容器内の圧力を0.1Pa以上6.7Pa以下の範囲内に設定し、シリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物のガスと窒素ガスを含む処理ガスを用いて、二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下である窒化珪素膜を形成するプラズマCVDが行われるように、コンピュータに前記プラズマCVD装置を制御させるものであることを特徴とするコンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体。 - プラズマCVD法により被処理体上に窒化珪素膜を形成するプラズマCVD装置であって、
被処理体を収容する上部に開口を有する処理容器と、
前記処理容器の開口を塞ぐ誘電体部材と、
前記誘電体部材上に設けられ、前記処理容器内にマイクロ波を導入して、プラズマを生成するための複数の孔を有する平面アンテナと、
前記処理容器内に処理ガスを供給するガス供給機構に接続するガス導入部と、
前記処理容器内を減圧排気する排気機構と、
前記処理容器内において、圧力を0.1Pa以上6.7Pa以下の範囲内に設定し、前記ガス供給機構に接続するガス導入部よりシリコン原子と塩素原子からなる化合物ガスと窒素ガスを含む処理ガスを用い、二次イオン質量分析(SIMS)によって測定される水素原子の濃度が9.9×1020atoms/cm3以下である窒化珪素膜を形成するプラズマCVDが行われるように制御する制御部と、
を備えたことを特徴とするプラズマCVD装置。
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JP6224931B2 (ja) | 2012-07-27 | 2017-11-01 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
JP6232219B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-11-15 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 多層保護膜の形成方法 |
JP6363385B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2018-07-25 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 封止膜の形成方法及び封止膜製造装置 |
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