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WO2010022562A1 - 一种向移动节点的本地代理注册的方法和外地代理组 - Google Patents

一种向移动节点的本地代理注册的方法和外地代理组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010022562A1
WO2010022562A1 PCT/CN2008/072203 CN2008072203W WO2010022562A1 WO 2010022562 A1 WO2010022562 A1 WO 2010022562A1 CN 2008072203 W CN2008072203 W CN 2008072203W WO 2010022562 A1 WO2010022562 A1 WO 2010022562A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fag
address
information
coverage area
care
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/072203
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚春燕
罗晓军
宾梵翔
Original Assignee
上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司
阿尔卡特朗讯公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司, 阿尔卡特朗讯公司 filed Critical 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司
Priority to JP2011524161A priority Critical patent/JP5404791B2/ja
Priority to US13/061,139 priority patent/US8817715B2/en
Priority to KR1020117006922A priority patent/KR101473678B1/ko
Priority to EP08800715A priority patent/EP2323319A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2008/072203 priority patent/WO2010022562A1/zh
Priority to CN200880130153.0A priority patent/CN102077520B/zh
Publication of WO2010022562A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010022562A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40Network security protocols
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/02Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/18Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • H04W8/20Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/04Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/18Service support devices; Network management devices
    • H04W88/182Network node acting on behalf of an other network entity, e.g. proxy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of IPv4, and in particular to implementing seamless network layer switching in IPv4. Background technique
  • Mobile IP is a solution that supports the movement of nodes based on the original IP protocol, so that people can go through terminals such as laptops, PDAs (personal digital assistants), etc., no matter where they are, such as at home, on train or on the plane.
  • terminals such as laptops, PDAs (personal digital assistants), etc.
  • Mobile IP enables free access from the user to the Internet.
  • the mobile node MN is a mobile terminal that may change its network attachment point by moving, such as a laptop, a PDA, a mobile phone, and the like.
  • the MN has a local address HoA (Home address) in its local network.
  • the local address HoA is fixed like the address of other fixed hosts and is provided by the local network HN (Home Network).
  • HN Home Network
  • a home agent is a node located in the local network of a mobile node, usually a router.
  • the obtained care-of address is registered with the home agent, and the home agent maintains the current location information of the mobile node.
  • tunneling technology is used.
  • the data packet is transmitted to the mobile node.
  • Foreign agent FA is a mobile festival
  • the host in the foreign network usually a router, can provide routing services for the mobile node, and can also de-encapsulate the tunnel packets of the HA from the MN and unpack the encapsulated
  • the data packet is sent to the MN.
  • Both the HA and the FA periodically send an agent advertise message, by which the MN can determine whether it is located in the local network HN or the foreign network FN.
  • the care-of address can be obtained from the received foreign agent announcement message, such as obtaining the foreign agent care-of address (FACoA), or can be assigned by the foreign network.
  • the address such as CoCoA (Co-located care-of address).
  • the CoCoA is a separate IP address assigned by the FN to the MN, and the mobile node can receive the encapsulated tunnel packet.
  • the mobile node of the FACoA is used, the FA-transferred packet after the encapsulation is removed.
  • the prior art mainly obtains seamless network layer switching in two ways.
  • the first approach is to directly reduce the possible delays of the processes required in the handover, for example, to reduce the delay of some of the procedures in the handover, and to overlap some of the handovers in order to reduce the total handover delay (i.e., pre-registration).
  • this approach it is difficult to get seamless network layer switching. For example, if the distance between the foreign network and the local network of the mobile node is too long, the delay for signaling for registration may be long.
  • the second approach is the Regional Registration Solution.
  • GFA Gateway Foreign Agent
  • the gateway foreign agent acts as a central node and is responsible for the maintenance and distribution of the visitor list and data forwarding.
  • all registration requests sent from the MN to the home agent HA are forwarded by the current FA to the GFA, and the GFA determines whether a registration request needs to be forwarded to the HA.
  • the gateway foreign agent collects and maintains all visitor information and distributes it to other foreign agents in the visited domain.
  • a regional registration solution is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 7,069,938 B2, the details of which are not described herein.
  • the gateway foreign agent and all its associated domains in the same access domain The topology between the regionally registered foreign agents is fixed and lacks flexibility in implementation. Moreover, the solution not only requires additional gateway foreign agent settings in the network, but also requires a local proxy.
  • HA, foreign agent FA, and mobile node MN all support regional registration-related functions, which greatly increases implementation costs and is easily rejected by most vendors and operators.
  • drawbacks that the solution is difficult to overcome are: For existing MNs, because they cannot support the corresponding regional registration function, they cannot benefit from the scheme; for the existing HA and FA, because they cannot support the corresponding The function cannot be integrated into the program.
  • the present invention proposes an improved method of HA registration to a roaming MN in IPv4, which greatly reduces the number of signaling messages arriving at the local network.
  • the present invention provides a method for registering with a home agent HA of a roaming mobile node MN in IPv4, the IPv4 including at least one mobile node MN and a home agent HA, and at least two foreign agents FA, including steps :
  • the FA member in the FAG shares information of the MN roaming to the FAG coverage area;
  • any FA member in the FAG receives a registration request to the HA registration transfer address sent by the MN, it is determined according to the shared MN information whether the MN is entering the FAG coverage area for the first time;
  • the FA forwards the received registration request to the HA, otherwise, it sends a registration response directly to the MN.
  • the FA in the FAG may be a FA adjacent to the link, adjacent to the branch network, or adjacent to the network coverage area.
  • the FA in the FAG maintains a visitor list VIT and/or a full group of visitor lists OVIT to maintain the information of the MN.
  • the FACoA is the address of the FA currently serving the MN, or is configured for the FAG. Anycast address AA;
  • the MN uses the co-located care-of address CoCoA as the care-of address, it configures CoCoA in the FAG coverage area.
  • the FA determines whether the MN is the first to enter the FAG coverage area according to the MN's local address HoA or the co-located care-of address CoCoA.
  • the FA updates the MN information and marks itself as the FA currently serving the MN.
  • a part of the FA members are selected as the forwarding cooperative work FA in the FAG, responsible for the distribution and maintenance of the shared MN information, or a dedicated forwarding cooperative work FA is set in the FAG for distributing and maintaining the shared MN information, forwarding data packets.
  • the dedicated packet forwarding cooperative FA is set in a FAG coverage area with a large number of nodes passing through the data packet, or on a primary or pivot path of the FA member of the HA to FAG.
  • the present invention also provides a foreign agent group FAG for registering with a home agent HA of a roaming mobile node MN in IPv4, the IPv4 comprising at least one mobile node MN and a home agent HA, and further comprising at least two foreign agents FA , which is characterized by
  • the FA in the FAG includes:
  • a shared information obtaining device configured to acquire shared information from other FAs in the FAG; the management device, when receiving the registration request of the MN to register the care-of address with the HA, determining, according to the shared information, whether the MN is the first to enter the FAG coverage area;
  • the registration processing device forwards the registration request to the HA if the determining device determines that the MN is entering the FAG coverage area for the first time, otherwise directly sends a registration response to the MN.
  • the management device in the FA maintains a visitor list VIT and/or a full group of visitor lists OVIT to maintain the information of the MN.
  • the management device determines that the MN is not entering the FAG coverage area for the first time, it marks itself as the FA that is currently the MN J! service.
  • the management device of the FA member sets the forwarding address in the mobile agent announcement extension in the proxy announcement to the address of the anycast address AA or the FA, or configures the CoCoA in the FAG coverage area as the care-of address for the MN.
  • a part of the FAs in the FAG is set to forward cooperative work FA, on which The management device is responsible for distributing and maintaining the shared MN information, or setting a dedicated forwarding cooperative work FA in the FAG for distributing and maintaining the shared MN information and forwarding the data packets.
  • the present invention also provides a foreign agent FA for registering with a home agent HA of a mobile node MN in IPv4, the IPv4 comprising at least one mobile node MN and a home agent HA, further comprising at least two FAs, the FA Information for sharing with the other FAs the MN roaming to its coverage area, when receiving the registration request of the MN to register the care-of address with the HA, determining, according to the shared information, whether the MN is the first to enter the FAG coverage area, and for If the MN enters the FAG coverage area for the first time, the registration request is forwarded to the HA, otherwise the registration response is sent directly to the MN.
  • the present invention also provides a computer program for processing a home agent HA registration to a mobile node MN in IPv4, the IPv4 comprising at least one mobile node MN and a home agent HA, and further comprising at least two foreign agents FA,
  • the computer program includes instructions to execute: grouping at least two FAs into a foreign agent group FAG;
  • the FA member in the FAG shares the information of the MN roaming to the FAG coverage area; when any FA member in the FAG receives the registration request to the HA registration care-of address sent by the MN, the MN is determined according to the shared MN information. Whether it is the first time to enter the FAG coverage area;
  • the FA forwards the received registration request to the HA; otherwise, the FA sends a registration response directly to the MN.
  • the present invention also provides a storage medium having computer readable instructions for performing the method, foreign agent group FAG, and foreign agent FA in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides a computer system comprising a processor having computer readable instructions for performing the method, foreign agent group FAG and foreign agent FA in accordance with the present invention.
  • the improved solution provided by the present invention greatly reduces the registration message from the roaming MN to the HA, thereby reducing the signaling delay generated when the MN moves in the FN.
  • the present invention provides a simpler and more flexible solution, which avoids setting new components in the network and attaching additional support functions to the MN and HA, thereby greatly reducing the deployment cost.
  • shared MN information (such as OVIT) can be designed to be distributed, that is, one or several FA members are selected to maintain, collect and distribute shared information and update information to other FA members, or distributed, ie each The FA maintains shared information, and once updated, any FA member can distribute it to other FA members.
  • the solution provides a more flexible deployment method that can be applied to more networks.
  • FAG the "FAG" scheme of the present invention
  • MN and HA they do not feel the presence of FAG and the change between FA members in the FAG.
  • the FA in the FAG will know that the solution is different from the prior art. Therefore, both the M and the HA in the prior art can join the solution, and benefit from the solution, thereby achieving seamless integration with the existing IPv4, especially the mobile IPv4.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a network topology when a mobile node moves through a foreign network in an IPv4 environment;
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a network topology for a zone registration solution
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a network topology when a mobile node moves through a foreign network in an IPv4 environment in which the FAG according to the present invention is set;
  • Figure 4 shows an example of the structure of a FA in a FAG
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the process of registering a MN with a FACoA as a care-of address to HA in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a flow of forwarding, to a MN, a received data packet of a HoA addressed to M to a MN using FACoA as a care-of address in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 7 shows a flow of transmitting a data packet to a communication node C by a MN using FACoA as a care-of address in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a network topology when a mobile node moves through a foreign network in an IPv4 environment in which the FAG according to the present invention is set. detailed description
  • the basic idea of the invention is to select some FAs, preferably some adjacent FAs, for example, a FA adjacent to the link, adjacent to the branch network, adjacent to the network coverage area, or other neighboring FAs, these FAs form a cooperative working group, which is called a Foreign Agent Group (FAG), and the network served by the FAG is called To access the domain VD ( Visited Domain ).
  • FAG Foreign Agent Group
  • VD Visited Domain
  • the FA in the FAG registers the care-of address of the MN with the HA of the MN only when the MN moves into the VD area for the first time, and then when the MN moves through/between the FNs within the VD,
  • the registration process to HA is required. That is to say, for the MN roaming into the VD, registration to the HA only needs to be performed at the first time i ⁇ VD, and thereafter, as long as it is still moving within the VD, it is no longer necessary to perform a registration operation to the HA.
  • the FAG in the present invention is like an FA for HA and MN. Therefore, the improved scheme of the present invention significantly reduces the registration process between the roaming MN and the HA, thereby reducing the signaling message to the HA, thereby reducing the signaling delay when the MN moves in the VD.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a MN moving in a VD of a FAG service in an IPv4 environment.
  • three functional entities are included in an IPv4 environment: a mobile node MN, a foreign agent FA, and a home agent HA.
  • MN has a local address ⁇ in the HN
  • the router 1 is a HA HA.
  • FA1, FA2, and FA3 are FAs in the foreign networks FN1, FN2, and FN3 adjacent to the network coverage area, respectively.
  • FA1, FA2, and FA3 are grouped into FAGs, so that the three of them become cooperative FA, F FN2 and the area of FN3 service constitute VD.
  • FA members in the FAG they should know the address of other FA members in the group, and should also know the identity of the FAG to which they belong to identify different FAGs, which can be achieved by manual configuration or automatic configuration.
  • the FAG can be configured with the Anycast Address (AA) as the forwarding address of the MN, and the AA can also be used as the identifier of the FAG group.
  • the FA can be set to join a plurality of different FAGs at the same time.
  • the FA identifies the FAG to which it belongs by identifying the ID, wherein different IDs identify different groups, which can This is done by manual configuration or automatic configuration.
  • different FAGs can be flexibly set according to factors such as the neighboring situation between the FAs in the application environment and the frequency of movement of the MN.
  • Fig. 4 shows a structural example of the above FA1-3.
  • the FA includes a shared information acquiring means for acquiring information about the MN that can be shared from other FA members in the FAG.
  • the management device is used to maintain the entire group of visitors information list OVIT (Over-group Visitor Information Table) and the visitor information list VIT (Visitor Information Table).
  • a VIT is created through the registration process of the IPv4 protocol, which is a set of "visitor information entries.”
  • the necessary columns included in the visitor information are: MN's local address HoA, HA address, current FA, ie the address of the CFA (Current Foreign Agent) and the current registered lifetime (lifetime), where "CFA” indicates which current An FA is providing services to the MN.
  • MN uses CoCoA as the care-of address
  • the list also includes the column "MN CoCoA”.
  • the VITs of all FA members can be combined to form an OVIT and shared by all FA members, here FA1-3 shares.
  • the management device in the FA member is either triggered regularly (for example periodically), or by a request from a particular FA member, or by a change in the member's VIT.
  • the update information in his VIT is distributed to other FA members in the FAG.
  • the distribution can be transmitted using the IP Unicast UDP protocol, or other transmission methods that can send update information to other FA members, such as TCP, multicast, multicast, etc.
  • Each other FA member who receives the announcement updates his VIT and OVIT (including operations such as adding, deleting, and changing).
  • the management device is responsible for determining whether the MN is entering the VD for the first time.
  • the registration processing device in the FA is used to process things related to registration, such as sending a registration request to the HA of the MN, sending a registration response to the MN, and the like.
  • the structure of the FA shown in FIG. 4 is only an example, and those skilled in the art should understand that the management device in the above example can also be divided into maintenance devices according to their respective functions (for maintaining shared information, such as OVIT), and judging.
  • the specific structure of FA is not unique, not limited to the structure in the above example, in the ability to share access
  • the MN information of the VD and the judgment of whether the MN is the first to enter the VD can flexibly set the specific structure thereof, and can integrate and split the devices and modules therein, and can also add devices and modules that implement other functions.
  • the FA members in the FAG need not be adjacent.
  • the relevant FAs can be directly composed into FAGs, and these FAs obviously do not have to be adjacent.
  • each FA member maintains two lists of VIT and OVIT.
  • VIT list maintained by a FA When a VIT list maintained by a FA is updated, only the update information is sent to other FA members, so that the FA's own service and The separation of the information of the FAG also realizes the full utilization of the network resources, which is the preferred solution.
  • each FA member can also maintain only one of the above two lists, as long as the FAG range can be implemented.
  • the solution of the present invention can be implemented by sharing the intra-MN information.
  • the FA member can also send other information in the VIT or OVIT it maintains to other FA members, not just the update information.
  • some FA members in the FAG can maintain VIT or OVIT according to specific application conditions, and other FA members temporarily obtain shared MN information when needed.
  • the FA member in the FAG is less, or the service in the area covered by the FA is less, and the FA member in the FAG with more members may be logically shared.
  • a FA can maintain a shared information in the shared area, and other FAs in the area temporarily obtain the required information from the FA that maintains the shared information.
  • the manner in which the MN's information is shared among FA members in the FAG can be varied and can be flexibly selected according to the specific application environment.
  • each FA member in the FAG sets the anycast address AA as the preferred care-of address in the mobile agent announcement extension in the proxy announcement, so that the MN obtains AA and adds the AA to the registration request RRQ ( Registration Request ).
  • the FA member in the FAG advertises the routing information of the AA of the FAG to the NSP (Network Service Provider) network, or advertises it to the IP core network, so that the destination is the anycast address.
  • the data packets of the AA can reach the FA members of the group.
  • Figure 5 shows the registration process when the MN uses FACoA as the care-of address.
  • all FA members in the FAG advertise AA as FACoA, causing the "CoA" field in the registration request to be set to AA.
  • the MN moves through the foreign network FN in the VD, it receives the mobile agent announcement, performs motion detection, and obtains the care-of address, step 501. Since the motion detection is usually based on network prefix change detection, or based on the validity period of the "router advertisement" received by the MN, the setting of the FACoA does not affect the motion detection of the MN. For the MN, there is no difference between the AA and the FACoA in the mobile agent announcement received in the usual IPv4.
  • M finds that the HN has been removed from the FN, for example, in FIG. 3, M moves from the location 1 in the HN to the location 2 in the FN1 in the VD, and then sends a registration request RRQ to the HA to register the obtained care-of address, step 502 .
  • the MN initiates IPv4 with the anycast address AA of the FAG as the care-of address, preferably moving the registration procedure defined in IPv4.
  • the CFA in the VD here FA1
  • receives the RRQ of the MN searches the OVIT using the local address Ho A of the MN as a key to determine whether there is a matching visitor list entry, step 503.
  • the MN is the first VD (moved into the current network from some networks not included in the visited domain). In this case, FA1 needs to forward the RRQ from the MN to the HA of the MN, register the care-of address AA of the MN, step 504. FA1 creates a visitor list entry for the MN in the VIT and OVIT it maintains, and then distributes the entry to other FA members in the group.
  • the HA After receiving the RRQ, the HA binds the HoA of the MN to the received AA, and then sends a registration response RP (Registration Response) to FA1, step 505.
  • FA1 forwards the RRP from the HA to the MN, completing the registration process defined in IPv4, step 506.
  • the MN's visitor list is added to the CFA's VIT and OVIT, and And the CFA distributes the updates to the OVIT to other members of the FAG, and other members update their OVIT accordingly. If there is a matching entry, it indicates that the MN has moved from the network included in the access domain to the current network, for example, the MN moves from location 2 to location 3 in FIG.
  • the CFA here FA2 only needs to update the order, does not forward the RRQ from the MN to the HA and initiates the registration of the care-of address, but sends the RRP directly to the MN, step 507.
  • the update means that FA2 replaces the old CFA address (FA1) with its own address, updates the old expiration date, and then distributes the update information to other members of the FA group.
  • Figures 6 and 7 respectively show the transmission process of IP packets when the MN moves out of the network in which the HN traverses the VD.
  • the FN2 area in which the MN moves from HN to VD in the network environment shown in FIG. 3 will be described as an example.
  • the HA of the MN intercepts the packet, step 601.
  • the HA forwards the packet in the manner specified in IPv4, preferably Mobile IPv4:
  • IPv4 preferably Mobile IPv4:
  • the packet is tunneled to the AA indicated by the HA maintained binding information, step 602. Since the FA members in the FAG have already announced the AA to the NSP network, the tunnel packets sent by the HA will be routed to the nearest FA to the HA (distance is usually based on policy, route-based hop count, delay-based, bandwidth-based, etc.) .
  • the closest FA in this example is FA1 in FN1.
  • FA1 After receiving the packet, FA1 will check the validity of the tunnel packet as specified in IPv4, and then use the inner IP destination address of the tunnel packet, that is, the HoA of the MN as a key to look up the OVIT to learn that the MN is being served. MN's CFA, step 603. If there is a matching match in the OVIT, the packet is forwarded to the CFA via an IP tunnel or by inserting an IP routing option, in which the CFA is FA2, step 604. After receiving the packet, the CFA checks the validity of the packet, and uses the inner IP destination address of the packet, that is, the HoA of the MN as a key to search for the OVIT. Step 605, if there is a matching entry, the inner layer packet is forwarded to the MN. Step 606. If there is no matching match in the CFA's OVIT, the packet is silently discarded, step 607.
  • the packet is directly forwarded to its first hop router CFA, which in this example is FA2, step 701.
  • CFA It is checked whether the MN is an already registered visitor, and the source IP address of the data packet, that is, the HoA of the MN is used as a key to search for the OVIT, step 702. If there is a matching match in the OVIT of the CFA (here FA2), it indicates that the packet source is an already registered visitor, and the CFA forwards the packet to the correspondent node through a conventional forwarding mechanism, step 703. Otherwise, if there is no matching match in the OVIT of the CFA, the packet is not from the registered visitor and the packet is silently discarded, step 704.
  • the FAG in this example configures the anycast address AA and uses it as the care-of address of the MN.
  • the scheme of the present invention can be implemented as long as the FA members in the FAG can share the information of the MN roaming into the VD, instead of necessarily requiring FAG. Configure anycast address AA.
  • FAs that are adjacent to two or more links, are adjacent to the branch network, are adjacent to the network coverage area, or are otherwise adjacent are selected to form a FAG.
  • FA1, FA2, and FA3 are grouped into FAGs, and each FA in the FAG realizes sharing of information for roaming to MNs in its service area through certain mechanisms, such as When the FA updates its maintained list, the update information is forwarded to other FA members in a unicast or multicast manner in a timely manner, or periodically.
  • the MN When the MN moves out of the HN and moves to the FN1 through the VD, the MN sends the registration request RRQ to the HA to register the obtained care-of address by receiving the mobile agent announcement and performing mobile detection to find that the HN is removed from the FN.
  • the FAG is not configured with the AA. Therefore, the MN uses the address of FA1 as the care-of address.
  • the CFA in the VD that is, when FA1 receives the RRQ of the MN, uses the HoA of the MN as a key to look up the OVIT to determine whether there is a matching visitor list entry.
  • the difference from the above example is that the MN uses the address of the FA1 instead of the AA as the care-of address.
  • the registration process is basically the same as the above example, and details are not described herein again.
  • the HA of the MN intercepts the packet from the communication node CN and the HoA of the MN that leaves the HN, since the FAG in the instance is not configured with AA, the HA forwards the packet completely in the manner specified in IPv4: The packet is tunneled The mode is transmitted to the HA maintenance binding information. The indicated care-of address, FA1. However, it is assumed that the MN has moved into FN2 in the VD at this time.
  • FA1 when FA1 receives the packet, it performs the above-mentioned checking of the validity of the tunnel packet, uses the HoA of the MN as a key to search for the OVIT operation, and passes the MN information shared by each FA member in the FAG, for example, through the OVIT. It is known that the CFA currently serving the MN is FA2, and similar to the forwarding process described above, FA1 forwards the received packet to the CFA of the MN, that is, FA2, and further processes the packet by FA2 (there is a matching match) Give MN, otherwise discard).
  • the roaming MN sends information to the CN, similar to the corresponding processing procedure described above, when the CFA, that is, the FA2 receives the data packet, it determines whether the MN is an already registered visitor. If the CFA is based on the information maintained by itself or the MN information shared among the FA members in the FAG, for example, by looking up the OVIT, and discovering that the MN has already registered when moving to FN1, the packet is forwarded to the CN, otherwise it is silently discarded.
  • the present invention can be implemented even if AA is not configured. That is, for a FAG that does not use AA, when the MN takes the address of the FA serving as the FACoA, the FA that receives the packet from the HA to the MN is no longer the FA closest to the HA in the FAG, but the MN. The FA that was registered for the first time it was moved to VD (FA1 in the above example).
  • the MN uses CoCoA as the care-of address
  • the basic idea is similar to the "FACoA" situation.
  • the MN still needs the FA to forward the RRQ and the RRP, and also needs the FA to maintain the visitor list entry for the registered MN to implement information sharing between the FA members.
  • the registration process of the MN is similar to the processing of the FACoA situation.
  • VD is the maximum range in which the MN maintains CoCoA as its current care-of address (the access domain is still the area covering the network served by the FAG);
  • the OVIT maintained by the FA members in the FAG also includes "explicit CoCoA” ( The "R” bit is set to store CoCoA, and the OVIT keyword is the outer IP destination address of the data packet transmitted by the tunnel, that is, the CoCoA of the MN.
  • the specific process is:
  • the MN moves through the network in the VD, it performs motion detection, and acquires CoCoA through, for example, DHCP, as has been specified in the prior art. How MN obtains the specification of CoCoA, so this article will not describe it in detail. Then, the MN initiates a registration process to register the newly acquired CoCoA as a care-of address to the HA.
  • the FA in the VD receives the RRQ, it searches for the OVIT using the CoCoA of the MN as a key to determine whether there is a matching visitor list entry for the MN.
  • the MN uses FACoA as the care-of address
  • the FA needs to register the CoCoA of the MN in the VD with the HA of the MN, complete the registration process, and maintain the FA.
  • Create a visitor list entry in VIT and OVIT and distribute the update information to other FA members in the group. If there is a matching entry indicating that the MN is not moving into the VD for the first time, the FA only updates the order, and distributes the update information to other members of the FA group, and does not register the MN's CoCoA with the MN's HA.
  • the HA of the MN intercepts the packet for the HoA packet sent by the CN to the MN leaving H.
  • the HA forwards the packet in a manner specified by IPv4, preferably Mobile IPv4:
  • IPv4 preferably Mobile IPv4:
  • the packet is tunneled to the CoCoA indicated in the binding information maintained by the HA. According to the algorithm such as longest matching prefix lookup algorithm, the tunnel packet will be forwarded directly to MNe.
  • the packet For packets from the roaming MN to the correspondent node, the packet is forwarded directly to the default router, usually CFA. Similarly, the CFA checks whether the MN is an already registered visitor, and uses the source IP address (ie HoA) of the data packet as a key to compare with the HoA in the OVIT to determine whether the match is matched. If there is a matching entry, the packet source is already Registered visitors, CFA forwards packets to the CN through a regular forwarding mechanism. Otherwise, if there is no matching entry in the CFA's OVTT, the packet is not from the registered visitor and the packet is silently discarded.
  • CFA source IP address
  • MN sends data packets to the default router (usually CFA), the default router checks the validity of the packet and forwards it to the next hop IP node to the corresponding node .
  • the discarding operation described above when the discarding operation described above is performed, only the silent discarding operation is performed, and other operations related to discarding are not performed. For example, a message not sent to the source address of the dropped packet is not recorded on the log.
  • the composition of the FAG and the distribution of the O VIT can be in various ways depending on the computing resources owned by its FA members.
  • the composition example of the FAG shown in Figure 3 is based on the assumption that each FA member has approximately equal computing resources and load capacity.
  • any FA member can directly distribute the updated information of the MN, such as the OVIT update, to other FA members in the FAG.
  • the computing resources and processing load are not balanced between the FA members of F AG, then we can select the FA member with redundant computing resources as the Forwarding Cooperative FA in the FAG.
  • the forwarding cooperative work FA is responsible for distributing the shared MN information within the FAG in addition to performing the same operations as other FA members in the group.
  • the FA does not directly send the information to other FA members, but first sends it to the forwarding cooperative work FA, and the forwarding cooperative work FA It is decided to which update FA information is sent to the FA member, preferably to the FA that needs the update information.
  • the forwarding cooperative work FA may determine whether the entry is a newly added entry, that is, whether the entry is created for the MN entering the VD for the first time, and if so, forwarding the cooperative work FA may Decided to send it to all FA members in the FAG, otherwise, forward work together
  • the FA may select the FA that may need the update information for a period of time according to the proximity of the FA member to the CFA of the MN and the HA of the MN.
  • a separate FA may also be set as the forwarding cooperative work FA, so that it mainly completes the maintenance of the shared MN information in the FAG.
  • the VD contains four FAs, of which FA1-3 is no different from the FA shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the function of FA4 in this group is a subset of the FA1-3 function (SUBSET), which is set to only share the data forwarding load.
  • the FA4 in Figure 8 has only the following two functions: OVIT maintenance, data packet forwarding, we call this type of FA "transfer cooperative work FA".
  • FA1-3 sends the OVIT update on it to FA4, FA4 is responsible for maintaining all OVIT updates in the FAG, and manages to send OVTT updates to other users who need the update information.
  • FA member Furthermore, for data packets from the HA, as shown in Figure 8, since FA4 is the closest (policy-based) FA member to HA, the data packet from the HA will first arrive at FA4, FA4 looks up its OVIT and determines the CFA of the MN. The data packet is then forwarded to the CFA, which then sends the data packet to the roaming MN.
  • the data packet sent from the roaming MN to the CN is the same as the forwarding procedure in the above embodiment.
  • the forwarding cooperative work FA can share the data forwarding load.
  • data packets from different HAs sent to AA can reach any member of the FAG. Which member of the FAG first arrives depends on the location of the HA in the network topology and the routing strategy. . Therefore, if the forwarding cooperative work FA is set at a suitable location in the network (eg, based on a routing topology), a certain number of data packets destined for AA can be absorbed in order to reduce some or all of the primary cooperative work in the FAG. The forwarding load of the FA.
  • the location of the forwarding cooperative work FA may be one of the input points of the VD having the largest data packet throughput, and then most of the data packets sent to the AA will first arrive at the forwarding cooperative work FA, and then Forward to CFA.
  • Another example of setting up a forwarding cooperative working FA location is to place it on a primary/hub path from a number of different HAs to FAG members in order to minimize the forwarding load of FA members in the FAG. Therefore, in this example, it is determined which primary cooperative working FA's forwarding load can or needs to be divided. It is important to choose the location of the forwarding cooperative work FA.
  • the FAG provided by the present invention shares MN information between FA members in the FAG, so that when the MN crosses the VD mobile, only the MN care-of address registration by the CFA to the HA is required when the MN first VD, instead of whenever The registration process is performed when the MN moves from one foreign network FN in the VD to another FN. Therefore, FAG is implemented as a FA for HA and MN, and IPv4-based HA and MN can work with FAG without any change.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention described above may be implemented by software or by hardware, and may also be implemented by a combination thereof, such as computer instructions, devices and modules for implementing the method of the present invention, and storing the implementation of the present invention.
  • a readable storage medium for computer instructions of a method including a computer of a processor, wherein the processor can be used to perform the methods of the present invention, or similar implementations as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

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Description

一种向移动节点的本地代理注册的方法和外地代理组
技术领域
本发明涉及 IPv4领域, 特别是在 IPv4中实现无缝的网络层切换。 背景技术
随着因特网的普及和移动通信的发展, 用户对于能够随时随地的接入 因特网的需求越来越迫切, 使得提供移动的因特网接入成为因特网技术研 究的热点之一。 移动 IP是在原 IP协议的基础上提供的支持节点的移动的 解决方案, 使得不论人们在何处, 例如在家中、 火车或飞机上, 都可以通 过笔记本电脑、 PDA (个人数字助理)等终端随时连接到因特网, 重要的 是, 随着用户终端位置的移动, 不论移动设备实际上身在何处, 用户终端 的 IP地址保持不变, 使得其他设备都能够以该 IP地址访问用户终端, 进 而保持了在移动过程中通信的连续性。从而,移动 IP实现了用户到因特网 的自由接入。
如图 1所示, 基于 IPv4的移动 IP中定义了三种功能实体: 移动节点 MN( Mobile Node )、本地代理 HA( Home Agent )以及外地代理 FA( Foreign Agent ) 。 其中, 移动节点 MN 是可能通过移动来改变其网络连接点 ( attachment point ) 的移动终端, 例如笔记本电脑、 PDA、 手机等。 MN 在其本地网络中具有本地地址 HoA ( Home address ) , 本地地址 HoA与 其他固定主机的地址一样, 是固定的, 由本地网絡 HN ( Home Network ) 提供。 对于发生了移动的移动节点来说, 无论其目前的连接点处于何处, 对于网絡中的其他设备, 移动节点似乎仍然是连接在本地网络中。 本地代 理是位于移动节点的本地网络内的节点, 通常为路由器。 当移动节点离开 本地网络进入外地网络时, 将获得的转交地址向本地代理注册, 本地代理 保持移动节点的当前位置信息, 当截获到发往移动节点的本地地址的数据 分组时, 用隧道技术将数据分组传送给移动节点。 外地代理 FA是移动节 点移动到外地网络 FN ( Foreign Network ) 时, 外地网絡中的主机, 通常 为路由器, 可以为移动节点提供路由服务, 也可以将来自 MN的 HA的隧 道分组解除隧道封装,并将拆封后的数据分组发送给 MN。 HA和 FA均会 周期性发送代理公告消息( agent advertise message ) , MN可以通过该消 息判断自己位于本地网络 HN还是外地网络 FN。 当移动节点位于 FN时, 可以从接收到的外地代理公告消息获取转交地址 CoA ( care-of address ) , 如获得外地代理转交地址 FACoA ( Foreign Agent care-of address ), 也可 以由外地网络分配转交地址, 如协同定位转交地址 CoCoA ( Co-located care-of address )。 其中, CoCoA是 FN为 MN分配的单独的 IP地址, 移 动节点可以接收到带封装的隧道分组。 使用 FACoA的移动节点, 则接收 FA转发的拆除封装后的分组。
由于 IPv4环境中, 每次 MN从外地代理中的一个移动到另一个时, 都要将转交地址向其本地代理注册。 因此, 为了保持会话的连续性, 需要 将网络层切换的切换延时和分组的丢失降到最小。 现有技术主要通过两种 途径来获取无缝的网络层切换。 第一种途径是直接减少切换中所需过程的 可能的延时, 例如, 为了减少切换中一些过程的延时, 重叠切换中的一些 过程以便减少总的切换时延(也就是提前注册)。 然而, 仅仅通过该途径, 很难得到无缝的网络层切换。 例如, 如果外地网络和移动节点的本地网络 两者之间的距离过长, 那么用于注册的信令的延时可能会很长。
如图 2所示, 第二种途径是区域注册解决方案( Regional Registration Solution )。 该方案中, 为了减少注册, 在 FN中增加了新的网络元件, 即 网关外地代理 GFA ( Gateway Foreign Agent )。 网关外地代理作为中心节 点, 负责访问者列表的维护和分发, 以及数据转发。 在控制层面, 所有从 MN发往本地代理 HA的注册请求都由当前 FA转发给 GFA,进而由 GFA 确定是否需要向 HA转发注册请求。 而且, 网关外地代理收集并维护所有 的访问者信息, 并由其分发给访问域中的其他外地代理。 美国专利 US7069338B2详细描述了区域注册解决方案, 此处不再对方案的细节进行 描述。 由此可见, 网关外地代理以及与其关联的处于同一访问域中的所有 区域注册的外地代理之间的拓朴结构是固定的, 实施中缺乏灵活性。 而且, 该方案不仅需要在网络中额外的设置网关外地代理, 而且还需要本地代理
HA、外地代理 FA以及移动节点 MN都支持区域注册相关的功能,这极大 地增加了实施成本, 容易被多数的供应商和运营商拒绝。 而且, 该方案难 以克服的缺陷是: 对于现有的 MN, 由于他们不能支持相应的区域注册功 能, 导致其无法从该方案获益; 对于现有的 HA和 FA, 也由于不能够支持 相应的功能而无法融入该方案。
可见, 仍然需要改进的方案来实现将到达本地网络的信令消息的数量 降到最小, 进而减少 MN在 FN中移动时产生的信令延时。 发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述缺陷,本发明提出了改进的在 IPv4中向漫 游 MN的 HA注册的方法,极大地减少了到达本地网络的信令消息的数量。
本发明提供了一种用于在 IPv4中向漫游移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA 注册的方法, 所述 IPv4中包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本地代理 HA, 还 包括至少两个外地代理 FA, 包括步骤:
A.从所述外地代理 FA中选择至少两个 FA组成外地代理组 FAG;
B.所述 FAG中的 FA成员共享漫游到 FAG覆盖区域的 MN的信息;
C.当所述 FAG中的任一 FA成员接收到 MN发送的向 HA注册转交地 址的注册请求时, 根据共享的 MN信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆 盖区域;
D.如果 MN为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域,则 FA将所接收的注册请求转 发给 HA, 否则, 直接向 MN发送注册响应。
优选地, 所述 FAG中的 FA可以是链路邻近的、分支网络邻近的或网 絡覆盖区域邻近的 FA。 优选地, 所述 FAG中的 FA维护访问者列表 VIT 和 /或全组访问者列表 OVIT, 以便维护 MN的信息。
在所述步骤 C中, 当 MN以外地代理转交地址 FACoA作为转交地址 时, 所述 FACoA为当前为 MN服务的 FA的地址, 或者为配置给 FAG的 任播地址 AA; 当 MN以协同定位转交地址 CoCoA作为转交地址时,为其 配置 FAG覆盖区域内的 CoCoA。 优选地, FA根据 MN的本地地址 HoA 或协同定位转交地址 CoCoA判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域。
在所述步骤 D中, FA更新 MN信息, 将自己标记为当前为 MN服务 的 FA。
在所述步骤 A中, 在所述 FAG中选择部分 FA成员作为转发协同工 作 FA, 负责共享的 MN信息的分发和维护, 或者在 FAG中设置专用转发 协同工作 FA, 用于分发和维护共享的 MN信息、 转发数据分組。
优选地, 在 FAG覆盖区域中数据分组通过量大的节点, 或者在 HA 到 FAG的 FA成员的主要或枢纽路径上设置所述专用转发协同工作 FA。
本发明还提供了一种用于在 IPv4中向漫游移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA注册的外地代理组 FAG, 所述 IPv4包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本 地代理 HA, 还包括至少两个外地代理 FA, 其特征在于,
将至少两个所述 FA组成 FAG,该 FAG中的 FA成员共享漫游到 FAG 覆盖区域的 MN的信息;
所述 FAG中的 FA包括:
共享信息获取装置, 用于获取来自 FAG中其他 FA的共享信息; 管理装置, 当接收到 MN向 HA注册转交地址的注册请求时, 根据所 述共享信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域;
注册处理装置, 如果判断装置确定 MN为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域, 则将所述注册请求转发给 HA, 否则直接向 MN发送注册响应。
优选地,所述 FA中的管理装置维护访问者列表 VIT和 /或全组访问者 列表 OVIT, 以便维护 MN的信息。 优选地, 当所述管理装置确定 MN不 是首次进入 FAG覆盖区域时, 将自己标记为当前为 MN J!良务的 FA。
所述 FA成员的管理装置将代理公告中移动代理公告扩展中的转交地 址设置为任播地址 AA或该 FA的地址,或者为 MN配置 FAG覆盖区域内 的 CoCoA作为转交地址。
优选地, 将所述 FAG中的部分 FA设置为转发协同工作 FA, 其上的 管理装置负责分发和维护共享的 MN信息, 或者在 FAG中设置专用转发 协同工作 FA, 用于分发和维护共享的 MN信息、 转发数据分组。
本发明还提供了一种用于在 IPv4中向移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA 注册的外地代理 FA, 所述 IPv4 包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本地代理 HA, 还包括至少两个 FA, 所述 FA用于与其他 FA共享漫游到其覆盖区 域的 MN的信息, 用于当接收到 MN向 HA注册转交地址的注册请求时, 根据所述共享信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域, 并且用于如 果 MN为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域,则将注册请求转发给 HA, 否则直接向 MN发送注册响应。
本发明还提供了一种用于在 IPv4中处理向移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA注册的计算机程序,所述 IPv4包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本地代理 HA, 还包括至少两个外地代理 FA, 所述计算机程序包括指令以执行: 将至少两个 FA组成外地代理组 FAG;
所述 FAG中的 FA成员共享漫游到 FAG覆盖区域的 MN的信息; 当所述 FAG中的任一 FA成员接收到 MN发送的向 HA注册转交地 址的注册请求时, 根据共享的 MN信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆 盖区域;
如果 MN为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域, 则 FA将所接收的注册请求转 发给 HA; 否则, FA直接向 MN发送注册响应。
本发明还提供了一种存储介质,其上存有用以执行根据本发明的方法、 外地代理组 FAG以及外地代理 FA的计算机可读指令。
本发明还提供了一种计算机系统, 该系统包括处理器, 其上有用以执 行根据本发明的方法、外地代理组 FAG以及外地代理 FA的计算机可读指 令。
本发明提供的改进方案极大地减少了从漫游 MN到 HA的注册消息, 从而减小了 MN在 FN中移动时产生的信令延时。 与区域注册方案相比, 本发明提供了更简单灵活的方案, 避免了在网络中设置新的元件以及对 MN、 HA附加额外的支持功能, 从而极大地降低了部署成本。 而且, 对于 FAG中的 FA, 共享的 MN信息 (例如 OVIT ) 可以被设计为集中分布, 即选择一个或若干个 FA成员维护、 收集和分发共享信息和更新信息给其 他 FA成员, 或者分散分布, 即每个 FA都维护共享信息, 一旦有更新信 息, 任何 FA成员都可以将其分发给其他 FA成员。 由此, 该方案提供了 更加灵活的部署方式, 可以适用于更多的网絡。 根据本发明的 "FAG" 方 案, 对于 MN和 HA来说, 他们感觉不到 FAG的存在以及 FAG中 FA成 员之间的改变。也就是说, 只有 FAG中的 FA才会知道该方案与现有技术 的不同。 从而, 使得现有技术中的 M 和 HA均可以加入该方案中, 从该 方案获益, 从而实现了与现有 IPv4, 特别是移动 IPv4的无缝融合。 附图说明
图 1示出了一个 IPv4环境中移动节点穿越外地网络移动时网络拓朴结 构实例;
图 2示出了一个区域注册解决方案的网络拓朴结构实例;
图 3示出了一个设置了根据本发明的 FAG的 IPv4环境中移动节点穿 越外地网絡移动时网络拓朴结构实例;
图 4示出了一个 FAG中的 FA的结构实例;
图 5示出了根据本发明使用 FACoA作为转交地址的 MN向 HA注册 的流程;
图 6示出了对于根据本发明使用 FACoA作为转交地址的 MN, HA向 MN转发接收到的发往 M 的 HoA的数据分组的流程;
图 7示出了根据本发明使用 FACoA作为转交地址的 MN向通信节点 C 发送数据分组的流程;
图 8示出了另一个设置了根据本发明的 FAG的 IPv4环境中移动节点 穿越外地网络移动时网络拓朴结构实例。 具体实施方式
本发明的基本思想是, 选择一些 FA, 优选地, 选择一些临近的 FA, 例如链路邻近的、 分支网络邻近的、 网络覆盖区域邻近的或者其他方式邻 近的 FA,将这些 FA组成协同工作组,称为外地代理组 FAG( Foreign Agent Group ) , 由 FAG服务的网络被称为访问域 VD ( Visited Domain ) 。 对 于属于该组的全部 FA成员, 除了像 IPv4环境中的 FA—样维护移动到其 区域内的 MN的信息外, 各 FA成员之间能够共享漫游到各自服务区域中 的 MN的信息, 特别是注册信息, 从而, FAG中的所有 FA成员都能够共 享任何移动到 VD内的 MN信息。通过 MN信息的共享,使得仅当 MN首 次移入 VD区域时, FAG中的 FA才将 MN的转交地址向该 MN的 HA注 册, 此后当 MN穿越 VD内的各个 FN间 /内移动时, 不再需 行向 HA 的注册过程。也就是说, 对于漫游到 VD内的 MN, 只需要在首次 i^ VD 时执行向 HA的注册, 此后只要仍然在 VD内移动, 就不再需要向 HA执 行注册操作。 从而, 本发明中的 FAG对于 HA和 MN来说, 如同一个 FA 一样。 因此, 本发明的改进的方案显著地减少了漫游 MN与 HA之间的注 册过程, 从而减少了到达 HA的信令消息, 进而减小 MN在 VD中移动时 的信令延时。
图 3示出了 IPv4环境中 MN在 FAG服务的 VD中移动的实例。 典型 地, IPv4环境中包括三种功能实体: 移动节点 MN、 外地代理 FA以及本 地代理 HA。 其中 MN和 HA含义和功能与现有技术相似。 图 3所示的实 例中, MN在 HN中具有本地地址 ΗοΑ, 路由器 1为 ΜΝ的 HA。 FA1、 FA2、 FA3分别是网络覆盖区域邻近的外地网络 FN1、 FN2、 FN3中的 FA。 该实例中, 将 FA1、 FA2以及 FA3组成 FAG, 使他们三者成为协同工作 的 FA, F FN2以及 FN3服务的区域组成 VD。 对于 FAG中的 FA成 员, 其应该知道组内其他 FA成员的地址,也应该知道他所从属的 FAG的 标识, 以标识不同的 FAG, 这可以通过手动配置或自动配置来实现。 优选 地, 对于以 FACoA为转发地址的 MN, 可以为 FAG配置任播地址 AA ( Anycast Address ) , 作为 MN的转发地址, 此时 AA也可以作为 FAG 组的标识。 此外, FA可以同时被设置加入多个不同的 FAG, 此时, FA通 过标识 ID来识别他所从属的 FAG,其中不同的 ID标识不同的组,这可以 通过手动配置或自动配置来实现。 优选地, 可以根据应用环境中 FA之间 的相邻情况以及 MN的移动频繁程度等因素灵活地设置不同的 FAG。
图 4示出了上述 FA1-3的结构实例。 此处, FA除了具有现有技术中 的移动代理公告等功能外, 还包括共享信息获取装置, 用于从 FAG 中的 其他 FA成员获取可以共享的关于 MN的信息。 管理装置, 用于维护全组 访问者信息列表 OVIT ( Over-group Visitor Information Table )以及访问 者信息列表 VIT ( Visitor Information Table )。在 FAG中的每个 FA成员 上,通过 IPv4协议的注册过程创建 VIT,该列表是一组"访问者信息条目"。 访问者信息奈目所包括的必要的列为: MN的本地地址 HoA、 HA地址、 当前 FA, 即 CFA ( Current Foreign Agent ) 的地址以及当前注册的有效 期(lifetime ) , 其中 "CFA" 表示当前哪一个 FA在为 MN提供服务。 对 于 MN以 CoCoA作为转交地址的情况, 列表还要包括 "MN的 CoCoA" 的列。 在 FAG中, 所有 FA成员的 VIT可以被合并组成 OVIT, 并由所有 FA成员共享, 此处为 FA1-3共享。 为了实现访问者信息共享, FA成员中 的管理装置或者有规律地(例如周期性地) , 或者由来自特定 FA成员的 请求而被触发, 或者由该成员的 VIT中的改变而 ¾J¾发, 管理向 FAG中 的其他 FA成员分发他的 VIT中的更新信息。该分发可以使用 IP单播 UDP 协议传送,也可以使用能够将更新信息送达其他 FA成员的其他传送方式, 例如, TCP、 组播、 多播等传送方式。 每个接收到公告的其他 FA成员更 新他的 VIT以及 OVIT (包括增加、 删除和改变等操作) 。 当 FA接收到 来自 MN的注册请求时, 管理装置负责判断 MN是否是首次进入 VD。 此 外, FA中的注册处理装置用于处理与注册相关的事物,诸如向 MN的 HA 发送注册请求、 向 MN发送注册响应等。
图 4中示出 FA的结构仅作为举例, 本领域技术人员应该理解, 也可 以将上述实例中的管理装置根据其相应的功能拆分成维护装置(用于维护 共享信息, 如 OVIT ) 、 判断装置(用于判断 MN是否为首次进入 VD ) 等, 类似地, 也可以将上述实例中的管理装置和注册处理装置整合。 总之, FA 的具体结构不是唯一的, 不限于上述实例中的结构, 在能够共享进入 VD的 MN信息、 判断 MN是否为首次进入 VD的前提下, 可以灵活地设 置其具体结构, 可以对其中的装置、 模块进行整合、 拆分, 也可以增加实 现其他功能的装置、 模块。
可选的, FAG中的 FA成员不必是临近的。 例如, 如果已知某些 MN 将会移动到某些特定 FN区域的情况, 可以直接将相关的 FA组成 FAG, 而这些 FA显然可以不必是临近的。
需要注意的是, 上述实例中各 FA成员维护 VIT和 OVIT两种列表, 当某个 FA维护的 VIT列表有更新时, 仅仅是将更新信息发送给其他 FA 成员, 这样可以使 FA自身的服务与 FAG的信息相分离,也实现了对网络 资源的充分利用, 是优选的方案。 然而, 本领域技术人员可以理解, 在具 体的应用中, 根据各 FA成员的承载能力、 资源使用状况的不同, 也可以 使各 FA成员仅维护上述两种列表之一,只要能够实现该 FAG范围内 MN 信息的共享就可以实现本发明的方案。 当然, 如果有必要, FA成员也可以 将其维护的 VIT或 OVIT中的其他信息发送给其他 FA成员, 而不仅仅是 更新信息。
可选的,还可以根据具体的应用情况,设置 FAG中部分 FA成员维护 VIT或 OVIT, 其他 FA成员在需要的时候临时获取共享的 MN信息。 这 种情况例如可以是, FAG中的 FA成员较少、 或者 FA覆盖的区域内业务 较少等情况,还可以是对成员较多的 FAG中的 FA成员进行逻辑上的共享 区域划分, 每个共享区域内可以选择一个 FA维护共享信息, 而该区域内 的其他 FA则临时向维护共享信息的 FA获取所需要的信息。 总之, 本领 域技术人员能够理解, 在 FAG中的 FA成员之间共享 MN的信息的方式 可以是多种多样的, 可以根据具体的应用环境来灵活选择。
此外, 对于使用 FACoA作为转发地址的 MN, FAG中的各 FA成员 将任播地址 AA设置为代理公告中移动代理公告扩展中的首选转交地址, 以便 MN获得 AA并将该 AA添加到注册请求 RRQ( Registration Request ) 中。 FAG中的 FA成员将 FAG的 AA的路由信息公告到 NSP (网络服务 供应商) 网络中, 或者公告到 IP核心网絡中, 以便目的地为该任播地址 AA的数据分組可以到达该组的 FA成员。
对于在 HN外漫游、 穿越 VD移动的 MN, 既可以使用 FACoA作为 转交地址, 也可以使用 CoCoA作为转交地址。 针对上述两种情况, 下面 将分别描述 MN向 HA注册的过程以及数据分组转发的过程。
1、 使用外地代理转交地址 FACoA作为转交地址
1.1 注册过程
图 5示出了当 MN使用 FACoA作为转交地址时的注册过程。 该实例 中, 如上文所述, FAG中的所有 FA成员将 AA作为 FACoA进行公告, 使得注册请求中的 "CoA" 字段 #殳置为 AA。 具体为, 当 MN穿越 VD 中的外地网絡 FN进行移动时, 接收移动代理公告, 并进行移动检测, 获 取转交地址, 步骤 501。 由于移动检测通常是基于网络前缀改变检测, 或 者基于 MN所接收的 "路由器公告" 的有效期, 因此对 FACoA的设置不 会影响到 MN的移动检测。对于 MN来说, AA与通常的 IPv4中所接收的 移动代理公告中的 FACoA相比没有任何区别。 当 MN发现已经移出 HN 处于 FN时, 例如, 图 3中, M 从 HN中的位置 1移动到 VD中 FN1内 的位置 2, 便向 HA发送注册请求 RRQ, 以便注册获取的转交地址, 步骤 502。 如前所述, MN以 FAG的任播地址 AA作为转交地址, 发起 IPv4, 优选地移动 IPv4中定义的注册过程。 当 VD中的 CFA, 此处为 FA1 , 接 收到 MN的 RRQ时, 使用 MN的本地地址 Ho A作为关键字查找 OVIT, 以确定是否存在匹配的访问者列表条目, 步骤 503。 如果没有任何匹配的 条目, 则表明 MN为首次 VD (从一些没有包含在访问域中的网络移 入当前网络) 。 这种情况中, FA1需要将来自 MN的 RRQ转发给 MN的 HA, 注册 MN的转交地址 AA, 步骤 504。 FA1在它维护的 VIT和 OVIT 中为 MN创建访问者列表条目, 然后将该条目分发给组内其他 FA成员。
HA收到 RRQ之后, 将 MN的 HoA和接收到的 AA绑定, 然后向 FA1发 送注册响应 R P ( Registration Response ) , 步骤 505。 FA1将来自 HA 的 RRP转发给 MN, 完成 IPv4中定义的注册过程, 步骤 506。 通过上述 操作, 使得 MN的访问者列表奈目被添加到 CFA的 VIT和 OVIT中, 并 且 CFA通过将 OVIT的更新分发给 FAG的其他成员, 其他成员也相应地 更新他们的 OVIT。 如果存在一条匹配的条目, 则表明 MN从访问域中包 含的某些网絡移入当前网络, 例如, MN从图 3中的位置 2移动到位置 3。 这种情况中, CFA (此处为 FA2 )仅需要更新奈目, 不向 HA 转发来自 MN的 RRQ进而发起转交地址的注册, 而是直接向 MN发送 RRP, 步骤 507。 这里, 更新指 FA2用自己的地址替换旧的 CFA地址( FA1 ) , 并更 新旧的有效期, 然后将更新信息分发给 FA组的其他成员。
1.2 转发过程
图 6和图 7分别示出了当 MN移出 HN穿越 VD中的网络移动时, IP 分组的传送过程。 这里, 以图 3所示的网絡环境中 MN从 HN移动到 VD 中的 FN2区域为例加以说明。
如图 6所示,对于来自通信节点 CN、目的地是离开 HN的 MN的 HoA 的分组, MN的 HA截获该分组, 步骤 601。 HA按照 IPv4, 优选地移动 IPv4中规定的方式转发分组: 分组被以隧道方式传送到 HA维护的绑定信 息所指示的 AA,步骤 602。由于 FAG中的 FA成员已经将 AA公告到 NSP 网络, 因而 HA发送的隧道分组将被路由到距离 HA最近的 FA (距离最近 通常指基于策略、 基于路由跳数、 基于时延、 基于带宽等) 。 该实例中最 近的 FA为 FN1中的 FA1。 在收到分组之后, FA1将像 IPv4中规定的那 样, 检查隧道分组的有效性, 然后使用隧道分組的内层 IP 目的地址, 即 MN的 HoA作为关键字,查找 OVIT,以获知正在为 MN服务的 MN的 CFA, 步骤 603。 如果 OVIT中存在匹配的奈目, 则通过 IP隧道或通过插入 IP 路由选项的方式, 将分组转发到 CFA, 该实例中 CFA为 FA2, 步骤 604。 CFA接收到分组之后, 检查分组的有效性, 并使用分组的内层 IP 目的地 址, 即 MN的 HoA作为关键字查找 OVIT, 步骤 605, 如果存在匹配的条 目, 则将内层分组转发给 MN, 步骤 606。 如果 CFA的 OVIT中不存在匹 配的奈目, 则分组被默默丢弃, 步骤 607。
如图 7所示, 对于来自离开 HN的 MN、 发往通信节点的分组, 分组 被直接转发到他的第一跳路由器 CFA, 该实例中为 FA2, 步骤 701。 CFA 检查 MN是否是已经注册的访问者, 使用数据分組的源 IP地址, 即 MN 的 HoA作为关键字查找 OVIT, 步骤 702。 如果 CFA (此处为 FA2 ) 的 OVIT中存在匹配的奈目, 则表明分组源是已经注册的访问者, CFA通过 常规的转发机制将分组转发到通信节点, 步骤 703。 否则, 如果 CFA 的 OVIT 中不存在匹配的奈目, 则分组不是来自于已注册的访问者, 分组被 默默丢弃, 步骤 704。
上文描述了漫游 MN以 FACoA作为转交地址时, 向 HA注册转交地 址以及 MN与 CN之间进行数据转发的过程。 作为优选放案, 该实例中的 FAG配置了任播地址 AA并将其作为 MN的转交地址。然而,本领域技术 人员应该理解,根据本发明的思想, 只要 FAG中的各 FA成员之间能够共 享漫游到该 VD中的 MN的信息, 便可实现本发明的方案, 而不是必然需 要为 FAG配置任播地址 AA。
例如, 根据本发明的思想, 对于现有 IPv4网络环境中的 FA, 选择两 个以上链路临近的、 分支网络邻近的、 网络覆盖区域邻近的或者其他方式 邻近的 FA, 将其组成 FAG。 此处仍然以图 3为例, 将 FA1、 FA2、 FA3 组成 FAG, 并使该 FAG中的各 FA之间通过某些机制实现对于漫游至其 服务区域内的 MN的信息的共享, 如通过各 FA更新其维护的列表时将更 新信息及时地以单播或组播等方式转发给其他 FA成员, 或周期性地进行 转发。 当 MN移出 HN穿越 VD移动到 FN1时, MN通过接收移动代理公 告、进行移动检测发现已经移出 HN处于 FN,便向 HA发送注册请求 RRQ 以注册获取的转交地址,这里,该 FAG并没有配置 AA,因此, MN以 FA1 的地址作为转交地址。类似地, VD中的 CFA,即 FA1接收到 MN的 RRQ 时,使用 MN的 HoA作为关键字查找 OVIT, 以确定是否存在匹配的访问 者列表条目。在这种情况下, 与上述实例不同之处仅在于 MN以 FA1的地 址而不是 AA作为转交地址, 注册流程与上述实例基本相同, 此处不再熬 述。当 MN的 HA截获来自通信节点 CN、目的地是离开 HN的 MN的 HoA 的分组时, 由于该实例中的 FAG没有配置 AA, 因此, HA完全按照 IPv4 中规定的方式转发分组: 分组被以隧道方式传送到 HA维护的绑定信息所 指示的转交地址, 即 FA1。 然而, 假设此时 MN已经在 VD中进行了移动 进入 FN2。则 FA1收到该分组时,进行上文提及的检查隧道分组的有效性、 使用 MN的 HoA作为关键字查找 OVIT操作, 并通过该 FAG中各 FA成 员所共享的 MN信息, 例如通过 OVIT, 获知当前为 MN服务的 CFA为 FA2 ,则与上文所述转发过程类似, FA1将接收的分组转发给 MN的 CFA, 即 FA2, 并由 FA2对分组做出进一步处理(存在匹配奈目则转发给 MN, 否则丢弃) 。 当漫游的 MN向 CN发送信息时, 与上述相应的处理过程类 似, CFA即 FA2接收到数据分组时, 判断 MN是否为已经注册的访问者。 如果 CFA根据自身维护的信息或者 FAG中 FA成员间共享的 MN信息, 例如通过查找 OVIT, 发现 MN移动到 FN1中时已经注册过, 则将分组转 发给 CN, 否则默默丢弃。
由上述实例可见, 对于 FAG, 即使不为其配置 AA, 仍然可以实现本 发明。 也就是说, 对于不使用 AA的 FAG, 当 MN以当为其服务的 FA的 地址作为 FACoA时,接收来自 HA发往 MN的分组的 FA不再是 FAG中 距离 HA最近的 FA, 而是 MN首次移动到 VD时为其提供注册的 FA (上 述实例中为 FA1 ) 。
2、 使用协同定位转交地址 CoCoA作为转交地址
MN使用 CoCoA作为转交地址的情况下, 基本思想与 "FACoA" 情 形类似。 在该实施方式中, MN仍然需要 FA来转发 RRQ和 RRP, 也需 要 FA为注册的 MN维护访问者列表条目, 以实现 FA成员间 MN的信息 共享。 其中, MN的注册过程与 FACoA情形的处理过程类似。 不同之处 在于: VD是 MN保持 CoCoA作为其当前转交地址的最大范围(访问域仍 然是覆盖了 FAG所服务的网络的区域) ; FAG中 FA成员维护的 OVIT 中还包括 "顯的 CoCoA" (其中 "R"比特位被置位)用来存储 CoCoA, 并且查找 OVIT的关键字是以隧道方式传送的数据分组的外层 IP 目的地 址, 即 MN的 CoCoA。 具体过程为:
注册过程中, 当 MN穿越 VD中的网络进行移动时, 进行移动检测, 并通过例如 DHCP等方式获取 CoCoA, 由于现有技术中已经有详细规定 MN如何获取 CoCoA的规范, 因此本文不再详细描述。 然后, MN发起注 册过程, 以便将新获取的 CoCoA作为转交地址, 注册到 HA。 当 VD中的 FA接收到 RRQ时, 使用 MN的 CoCoA作为关键字查找 OVIT, 以便确 定对于 MN是否存在匹配的访问者列表条目。 与 MN使用 FACoA作为转 交地址时的处理过程类似, 如果没有任何匹配的条目, 则表明 MN为首次 进入 VD, FA需要向 MN的 HA注册 VD中 MN的 CoCoA, 完成注册过 程, 并在 FA维护的 VIT和 OVIT中创建访问者列表条目, 将更新信息分 发给组内其他 FA成员。如果存在匹配的条目,表明 MN不是首次移入 VD, 则 FA仅更新奈目, 并将更新信息分发给 FA组的其他成员, 不向 MN的 HA注册 MN的 CoCoA。
转发过程中,对于由 CN发往离开 H 的 MN的 HoA的分组, MN的 HA截获该分组。 HA按照 IPv4, 优选地移动 IPv4规定的方式转发分组: 分组被以隧道方式传送到 HA维护的绑定信息中指示的 CoCoA。根据最长 匹配前缀查找算法 ( longest matching prefix lookup algorithm )等算法, 隧道分组将被直接转发给 MNe
对于来自漫游 MN、 发往通信节点的分组, 分组被直接转发到缺省的 路由器, 通常是 CFA。 类似地, CFA检查 MN是否是已经注册的访问者, 使用数据分组的源 IP地址(即 HoA )作为关键字与 OVIT中的 HoA比较 来判断是否匹配, 如果存在匹配的条目, 则分組源是已经注册的访问者, CFA通过常规的转发机制将分组转发到 CN。 否则, 如果 CFA的 OVTT 中不存在匹配的条目, 则分組不是来自于已注册的访问者, 分组被默默丢 弃。
由上述内容可见, 除了 OVIT内容和查找关键字不同以外, MN使用 FACoA和 CoCoA作为转交地址时的注册处理流程以及从 MN到 CN的分 组转发流程是相似的。 对于从 MN到 CN的数据分组: MN都是将数据分 组发送到缺省路由器(通常是 CFA ) , 缺省路由器检查分組的有效性, 并 将其转发到通向对应节点的下一跳 IP节点。
上文分别描述了 MN使用 FACoA和 CoCoA作为转交地址的情况, 上述实例中, 在 FA成员仅维护 VIT或 OVIT—种列表的情况下, 上述查 表操作相应地变为查找 FA自身维护的列表。
上文所描述的方案中, 作为实例, 描述了 FA分别以 MN的 HoA、 C0C0A作为关键字查找 VIT/OVIT的方式。本领域技术人员应该理解,关 键字的选择不限于 MN的 HoA和 CoCoA, 只要是能够将漫游 MN彼此区 分的信息,都可以将其作为关键字来使用。作为实例,上文还描述了当 FA 判断 MN是否为首次进入 VD时对顯信息进行更新的操作,本领域技术 人员应该理解, 根据 FA的业务情况, 上述更新操作与对 MN的各种请求 的处理不必同时进行。
优选地, 执行上文所述的丢弃操作时, 仅仅执行默默丢弃的操作, 不 执行与丢弃相关的其他操作。 例如, 不生成发往被丢弃的分组的源地址的 消息, 不在曰志上记录。
根据本发明的方案, FAG的組成形式以及 O VIT的分发可以有多种方 式,这取决于其 FA成员所拥有的计算资源。 图 3所示的 FAG的组成实例 ^^于这样的假设, 即, 每个 FA成员都拥有大致相等的计算资源和负载 能力。 在这种情况下, 任何一个 FA成员都可以将其上 MN的更新信息, 如 OVIT更新, 直接分发给 FAG中的其他 FA成员。 然而, 如果在 F AG 的 FA成员之间, 计算资源和处理负载不是均衡的, 那么我们可以选择拥 有冗余的计算资源的 FA 成员作为该 FAG 中的转发协同工作 FA ( Forwarding Cooperative FA )。 可选地, 该转发协同工作 FA除了执行 与组内其他 FA成员相同的操作外, 还负责对该 FAG内共享的 MN信息 的分发。具体为,每当各个 FA成员有更新信息需要发送给 FAG中的其他 FA成员时, FA不是直接将信息发送给其他 FA成员, 而是首先将其发送 给转发协同工作 FA, 由转发协同工作 FA决定将更新信息发送给哪些 FA 成员, 优选地, 发送给需要该更新信息的 FA。 例如, 当 FAG中 FA成员 众多时, 转发协同工作 FA可以根据该更新信息是否为新添加的条目, 即 判断该条目是否是为首次进入 VD的 MN所创建的, 如果是, 转发协同工 作 FA可以决定将其发送给 FAG中的所有 FA成员, 否则, 转发协同工作 FA可以根据 FA成员距离 MN的 CFA以及 MN的 HA的远近,选择下一 段时间可能需要该更新信息的 FA。
可选地, 也可以设置单独的 FA作为转发协同工作 FA, 令其主要完成 所在 FAG中共享的 MN信息的维护。如图 8所示, VD中包含了四个 FA, 其中 FA1-3与图 3、 4所示的 FA没有差别, 我们称这类 FA为 "主协同工 作 FA" ( Big Coorperative FA ) 。 该组中的 FA4的功能为 FA1-3功能的 子集(SUBSET ) , 被设置为仅用来分担数据转发负载。 图 8中的 FA4仅 具有以下两部分功能: OVIT维护、数据分组转发, 我们称这类 FA为 "转 发协同工作 FA" 。 FAG中的其他 FA成员, 该实例中为 FA1-3都将其上 的 OVIT更新发送给 FA4,由 FA4负责维护该 FAG中所有的 OVIT更新, 并管理将 OVTT更新发送给需要该更新信息的其他 FA成员。 此外, 对于 来自 HA的数据分组, 如图 8所示, 由于 FA4为距离 HA最近的(基于策 略的) FA成员, 因此来自 HA的数据分組将首先到达 FA4, FA4查找其 OVIT进而确定 MN的 CFA, 然后将数据分组转发给 CFA, 再由 CFA将 数据分组发送给漫游 MN。 对于从漫游 MN发往 CN的数据分组, 则与上 述实施例中的转发过程相同。
这里, 我们对转发协同工作 FA为何可以分担数据转发负载作进一步 解释。 在图 3所示的实例中, 来自不同的 HA发往 AA的数据分组可以到 达 FAG中的任何一个成员, 到底最先到达 FAG中的哪个成员取决于 HA 在网络拓朴中的位置以及路由策略。 因此, 如果转发协同工作 FA被设置 在网络中的合适的位置上(例如基于路由拓朴) , 则可以吸收一定数量的 目的地为 AA的数据分组,以便减小 FAG中部分或全部主协同工作 FA的 转发负载。 优选地, 根据统计数据, 设置转发协同工作 FA的位置可以是 VD中具有最大的数据分组通过量的输入点之一, 那么发往 AA的大多数 数据分组将首先到达转发协同工作 FA, 然后被转发给 CFA。 另一个设置 转发协同工作 FA位置的实例是,将其设置在从众多不同的 HA到 FAG成 员的主要 /枢纽路径上, 以便尽可能的减少 FAG中 FA成员的转发负载。 因此, 在该实例中, 确定哪些主协同工作 FA的转发负载可以或需要被分 担对于转发协同工作 FA的位置选择是很重要的。
本发明提供的 FAG,通过在 FAG中的各 FA成员之间共享 MN信息, 使得当 MN穿越 VD移动期间, 仅需要在 MN首次 VD时由 CFA向 HA进行 MN转交地址的注册, 而不是每当 MN从 VD中的一个外地网络 FN移动到另一个 FN时都执行注册过程。因此实现了对于 HA和 MN来说 FAG表现为一个 FA, 并且基于 IPv4的 HA和 MN能够与 FAG协同工作 而不需要有任何改变。 也就是说, 根据本发明的方案, 不仅极大地减少了 漫游 MN向其本地 HA注册的信令, 从而极大地减少网络层切换延时, 而 且现有技术中的 MN和 HA均可获益于本发明的方案。
上文所述本发明的方法、装置可以由软件来实现也可以由硬件来实现, 还可以由其组合来实现, 例如计算机指令, 实现本发明的方法的装置、 模 块, 存储了执行本发明的方法的计算机指令的可读存储介质, 包括处理器 的计算机, 其中处理器能够用来执行本发明的方法, 或者本领域人员容易 想到的类似的实现方式。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于在 IPv4中向移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA注册的方法, 所述 IPv4包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本地代理 HA,还包括至少两个外 地代理 FA, 所述方法包括步骤:
A.从所述外地代理 FA中选择至少两个 FA组成外地代理组 FAG;
B.所述 FAG中的 FA成员共享漫游到 FAG覆盖区域的 MN的信息;
C.当所述 FAG中的任一 FA成员接收到 MN发送的向 HA注册转交地 址的注册请求时, 根据共享的 MN信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆 盖区域;
D.如果 MN为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域,则 FA将所接收的注册请求转 发给 HA, 否则, 直接向 MN发送注册响应。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 FAG中的 FA 可以是链路邻近的、 分支网络邻近的或网络覆盖区域邻近的 FA。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 FAG中的 FA 维护访问者列表 VIT和 /或全组访问者列表 OVIT, 以便维护 MN的信息。
4. 根据权利要求 1的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 C中, 当 MN 以外地代理转交地址 FACoA作为转交地址时,所述 FACoA为当前为 MN 服务的 FA的地址, 或者为配置给 FAG的任播地址 AA; 当 MN以协同定 位转交地址 CoCoA作为转交地址时,为其配置 FAG覆盖区域内的 CoCoA。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 C中, FA 根据 MN的本地地址 HoA或协同定位转交地址 CoCoA判断 MN是否为首 次进入 FAG覆盖区域。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 D中, FA 更新 MN信息, 将自己标记为当前为 MN服务的 FA。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 A中,在所 述 FAG中选择部分 FA成员作为转发协同工作 FA, 负责共享的 MN信息 的分发和维护, 或者在 FAG中设置专用转发协同工作 FA, 用于分发和维 护共享的 MN信息、 转发数据分组。
8. 根据权利要求 Ί所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 A中, 在 FAG覆盖区域中数据分组通过量大的节点, 或者在 HA到 FAG的 FA成 员的主要路径上设置所述专用转发协同工作 FA。
9. 一种用于在 IPv4中向移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA注册的外地 代理组 FAG, 所述 IPv4包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本地代理 HA, 还 包括至少两个外地代理 FA, 其特征在于,
将至少两个所述 FA组成 FAG, FAG中的 FA成员共享漫游到 FAG 覆盖区域的 MN的信息;
所述 FAG中的 FA包括:
共享信息获取装置, 用于获取来自 FAG中其他 FA的共享信息; 管理装置, 当接收到 MN向 HA注册转交地址的注册请求时, 根据所 述共享信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域;
注册处理装置, 如果判断装置确定 MN为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域, 则将所述注册请求转发给 HA, 否则直接向 MN发送注册响应。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的外地代理组 FAG, 其特征在于, 所述 FA 中的管理装置维护访问者列表 VIT和 /或全组访问者列表 OVIT,以便维护 MN的信息。
11. 根据权利要求 9所述的外地代理组 FAG, 其特征在于, 当所述 管理装置确定 MN不是首次进入 FAG覆盖区域时, 将自己标记为当前为 MN服务的 FA。
12. 根据权利要求 9所述的外地代理组 FAG, 其特征在于, 所述 FA 成员的管理装置将代理公告中移动代理公告扩展中的转交地址设置为任播 地址 AA或该 FA的地址, 或者为 MN配置 FAG覆盖区域内的 CoCoA作 为转交地址。
13. 根据权利要求 9所述的外地代理组 FAG, 其特征在于, 将所述 FAG中的部分 FA设置为转发协同工作 FA, 其上的管理装置负责分发和 维护共享的 MN信息, 或者在 FAG中设置专用转发协同工作 FA, 用于分 发和维护共享的 MN信息、 转发数据分組。
14. 一种用于在 IPv4中向移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA注册的外地 代理 FA, 所述 IPv4包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本地代理 HA, 还包括 至少两个 FA,所述 FA用于与其他 FA共享漫游到其覆盖区域的 MN的信 息, 用于当接收到 MN向 HA注册转交地址的注册请求时, 根据所述共享 信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域, 并且用于如果 MN为首次 进入 FAG覆盖区域,则将注册请求转发给 HA,否则直接向 MN发送注册 响应。
15. 一种用于在 IPv4中处理向移动节点 MN的本地代理 HA注册的 计算机程序, 所述 IPv4包括至少一个移动节点 MN和本地代理 HA, 还包 括至少两个外地代理 FA, 所述计算机程序包括指令以执行:
将至少两个 FA组成外地代理组 FAG;
所述 FAG中的 FA成员共享漫游到 FAG覆盖区域的 MN的信息; 当所述 FAG中的任一 FA成员接收到 MN发送的向 HA注册转交地 址的注册请求时, 根据共享的 MN信息判断 MN是否为首次进入 FAG覆 盖区域;
如果 MN为首次进入 FAG覆盖区域, 则 FA将所接收的注册请求转 发给 HA; 否则, FA直接向 MN发送注册响应。
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