WO2010001853A1 - 三次元超音波検査装置 - Google Patents
三次元超音波検査装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010001853A1 WO2010001853A1 PCT/JP2009/061844 JP2009061844W WO2010001853A1 WO 2010001853 A1 WO2010001853 A1 WO 2010001853A1 JP 2009061844 W JP2009061844 W JP 2009061844W WO 2010001853 A1 WO2010001853 A1 WO 2010001853A1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2291/267—Welds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus that performs non-destructive inspection of the internal structure of an inspection object, the state of a joint, and the state of a defect with an ultrasonic wave.
- the present invention relates to a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus that three-dimensionally inspects a state.
- An ultrasonic inspection apparatus that employs this ultrasonic flaw detection technology irradiates the welded portion of the inspection object with ultrasonic waves, images the reflected echoes, displays the ultrasonic image on the display device, and displays the displayed welding. The image of the part is judged visually, and the state of the welded part and the state of the weld defect are inspected in a nondestructive manner.
- the plate-like structure portion is an inspection object, and two plate-like structures are overlapped and joined by spot welding.
- the state of the welded part between the flat structures and the state of the weld defect are nondestructively inspected with an ultrasonic inspection device, whether or not a melt-solidified part is formed in the welded part, whether there is a weld defect such as a blowhole ⁇ Check the condition.
- the inspection accuracy of the 3D ultrasonic inspection apparatus is improved every day, and the state of the inspection object (layer structure, weld defects in the inspection object, presence or absence of voids or peeling, etc.) is judged. Is being made quantitatively with high accuracy.
- a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-315582 (Patent Document 2) quantitatively inspects the positional relationship of a welded portion with respect to an inspection object three-dimensionally accurately and accurately. Is. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-326287 JP 2005-315582 A
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and provides a joint state of a joint portion from a three-dimensional image of the joint portion with ease and higher visibility than before, and also provides a precise inspection of the joint portion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus that realizes acquisition of results and further improves the inspection accuracy of the joint.
- a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus includes an ultrasonic transducer in which a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators are arranged in a matrix or array, and a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators of the ultrasonic transducer.
- a drive element selection device that sequentially selects piezoelectric vibrators that oscillate ultrasonic waves, and ultrasonic waves oscillated from the piezoelectric vibrators selected by the drive element selection device via an acoustic propagation medium.
- a signal detection device that receives the reflected echo from the bonded portion and detects an electric signal of the reflected echo, and performs signal processing on the electric signal detected by the signal detecting device.
- a signal processing device for generating three-dimensional imaging data corresponding to the mesh sectioned in the three-dimensional imaging region set inside, and the signal processing device
- a display processing device for displaying a result of processing the three-dimensional imaging data, wherein the display processing device is a reference for intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) of the three-dimensional imaging data generated by the signal processing device.
- a first peak detector that detects a first peak that first appears at a position deeper than the depth
- a second peak detector that detects a second peak that first appears at a position deeper than the position where the first peak appears.
- the three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus it is possible to provide a joined state of the joined portion from a three-dimensional image of the joined portion with higher visibility than before. Moreover, the quality determination result of the joining state of the joint part can be displayed together with the three-dimensional image of the joint part, and a more precise inspection result can be provided. Furthermore, since the quality of the joined state of the joint can be determined more accurately than in the past, the inspection accuracy can be further improved.
- FIG. 4B is an explanatory view showing a cross section (zx plane) of the inspection object at AA ′ shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5A is an intensity distribution in the z direction of the mesh m1
- FIG. 5B is an intensity distribution in the z direction of the mesh m2
- FIG. 5C is an intensity distribution in the z direction of the mesh m3.
- Explanatory drawing which displayed an example of the three-dimensional image of the junction part which the junction part image generation part of the three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus which concerns on this invention produces
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a configuration of a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus 10 which is an example of a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to the present invention.
- the three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus 10 converts an ultrasonic vibration and an electrical signal to each other, transmits and receives an ultrasonic wave having a required frequency, and a signal generator that generates a drive signal for driving the ultrasonic transducer 11.
- a drive signal selection device 13 that selects a drive signal from the signal generation device 12 and selectively drives a piezoelectric vibrator of the ultrasonic transducer 11, and an ultrasonic wave oscillated from the ultrasonic transducer 11 is an inspection object.
- a signal detection device 16 having a signal detection circuit that irradiates the welded portion 15, which is a joint portion 14, and detects a reflected echo signal from the welded portion via the ultrasonic transducer 11, and is detected by the signal detection device 16.
- the ultrasonic transducer 11 comprises a matrix sensor 11 in which a large number of piezoelectric vibration elements 20 made of piezoelectric elements are arranged on a substrate 21 in a matrix of m rows and n columns.
- a drive signal generated by the signal generator 12 is selected and applied to each piezoelectric vibrator 20 mn of the ultrasonic transducer 11 by the drive element selector 13.
- the drive order of the piezoelectric vibrators 20mn is determined one by one or plural by selection of the drive element selection device 13, and each piezoelectric vibrator 20mn is driven at a required drive timing.
- the piezoelectric vibration elements 20 may be arranged in a line or a cross line instead of being arranged in a matrix to constitute an array sensor.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitting / receiving surface which is the sensor surface of the ultrasonic transducer 11, specifically, a liquid or solid acoustic propagation medium 23 is in close contact with the inspection object 14 side.
- a coupling 24 is provided between the acoustic propagation medium 23 and the inspection object 14 to achieve ultrasonic acoustic matching. The coupling 24 is not necessary when the acoustic propagation medium 23 uses a liquid such as water.
- the acoustic propagation medium 23 has a box shape, and the opening area thereof is formed in accordance with the size of the joint portion 15 that is the inspection region (target region) of the inspection object 14, and the height of the acoustic propagation medium 23 is It is determined by the oscillation angle (spreading angle) of the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the piezoelectric vibrator 20.
- the inspection object 14 is an object of, for example, three plate-like structures 14a, 14b, and 14c joined by spot welding, and the spot welds of the plate-like structures 14a, 14b, and 14c are three-dimensional ultrasonic waves.
- the inspection device 10 performs non-destructive internal inspection using ultrasonic waves.
- the inspection object 14 may be one in which two or four or more plate-like structures are overlapped and welded. Further, the thickness of the plate-like structure may be the same or different. Further, the inspection object 14 may be a metal material or a resin material.
- the plate-like structure 14 is formed on the outer surface of the joint 15 as a dent portion by a welding electrode.
- the concave portion 25 is formed, and the thickness T of the joint portion 15 is smaller than the non-joint portion 26 around the joint portion 15 by the formation of the concave portion 25.
- Reference numeral 27 denotes a melt-solidified portion of the joint portion 15, that is, a portion in which the state of joining by welding is good
- reference numeral 28 denotes a weld defect portion such as a blow hole (pore) generated in the joint portion 15.
- the signal generator 12 that applies a drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer 11 generates a pulse-like or continuous drive signal by applying an external voltage to drive the piezoelectric body of the piezoelectric vibrator 20 to generate an ultrasonic wave. generate.
- each piezoelectric vibrator 20mn to be driven is selected by the drive element selection device 13, and the drive signal is applied to the selected piezoelectric vibrator 20mn at a required timing.
- the drive element selection device 13 sequentially selects one or more piezoelectric vibrators 20 to be driven at a required timing, and when a drive signal from the signal generator 12 is applied to the selected piezoelectric vibrators 20.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 20 is driven to oscillate an ultrasonic wave U having a required frequency.
- the ultrasonic waves sequentially oscillated from the respective piezoelectric vibrators 20 mn of the ultrasonic transducer 11 pass through the acoustic propagation medium 23, enter the inspection object 14 through the coupling 24, and are inspected in the inspection region 15 ( It reaches the non-joined portion 26, the melt-solidified portion 27, the weld defect portion 28 such as a blowhole, and the bottom surface 29), and is reflected by each boundary layer.
- the reflected echoes of the ultrasonic waves reflected by the boundary layers of the bottom surface 29, the non-joined portion 26, the melt-solidified portion 27, and the weld defect portion 28 of the inspection object 14 are transmitted from the inspection object 14 via the acoustic propagation medium 23 as a matrix sensor.
- the reflected echoes input to the piezoelectric transducers 20 of the ultrasonic transducers 11 with a time difference are converted into electric signals and input to the signal detection device 16 where the reflected echoes are reflected. An electric signal is detected for each piezoelectric vibrator 20.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 20 mn Operates and oscillates the ultrasonic wave U.
- the oscillated ultrasonic wave U is applied to the inspection region which is the joint 15 of the inspection object 14 through the acoustic propagation medium 23 and the coupling 24 as necessary.
- a part of the ultrasonic wave U irradiated to the inspection region 15 of the inspection object 14 is reflected from the density boundary layer of the inspection region 15 to be a reflection echo.
- the reflected echo is received by the piezoelectric vibrators 20 of the matrix sensor (ultrasonic transducer 11) through the coupling 24 and the acoustic propagation medium 23 with a time difference, and reflected by the piezoelectric conversion by the piezoelectric vibrators 20. It is sent to the signal detector 16 as an electrical signal of an echo and detected.
- the ultrasonic transducer 11 causes the piezoelectric vibrators 20mn to sequentially act on the piezoelectric vibrators 20mn by the drive signal selector 13 so that the piezoelectric vibrators 20mn are sequentially driven at a required timing and oscillate from the piezoelectric vibrators 20mn.
- the reflected ultrasonic echoes are received two-dimensionally by the matrix sensor 11.
- the signal detection device 16 receives two-dimensionally the reflected echoes of the ultrasonic waves oscillated from the individual piezoelectric vibrators 20 mn of the matrix arrangement by the operation of the ultrasonic transducer 11 by the matrix sensor 11.
- the matrix sensor 11 receives reflected echoes for 20 mn of individual ultrasonic transducers that oscillate ultrasonic waves, and sends the reflected echoes to the signal detection device 16 as electrical signals of the reflected echoes. Sent to.
- the signal detection device 16 detects an electrical signal of a reflected echo generated by the matrix sensor 11. Among the detected electrical signals, a plurality of necessary electrical signals are led to amplifiers 31a, 31b,..., 31i in the signal processing device 17, respectively.
- the amplifiers 31a, 31b,..., 31i amplify the respective reflected echo electrical signals and supply them to the A / D converters 32a, 32b,.
- the A / D converters 32a, 32b,..., 32i perform A / D conversion on the derived electrical signals and guide them to the parallel processors 33a, 33b,.
- the parallel processor 33 in the signal processing device 17 performs arithmetic processing on the digital signals derived from the A / D converters 32a, 32b,..., 32i in parallel and quickly, and each of them is applied to the inspection area (imaging area).
- the reflection intensity from each sectioned mesh is specified.
- the identified reflection intensity is integrated by the three-dimensional image generation unit 34 that is an integrated processor into three-dimensional imaging information (data), and is sent to the display processing device 18.
- the display processing device 18 processes the derived three-dimensional imaging data with the joint data processing unit 35, generates a three-dimensional image of the joint 15 with the joint image generation unit 36 from the processed data, and performs inspection.
- the determination unit 37 determines whether the inspection area (measurement unit) 15 of the object 14 is good or bad, the determination result 37 and the three-dimensional ultrasonic image from the joint image generation unit 36 are displayed on the display unit 38 as an ultrasonic flaw detection image. Display.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a more detailed configuration of the signal processing device 17 provided in the three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus 10.
- the parallel processor 33 provided in the signal processing device 17 includes internal memories 40a, 40b,..., 40i and arithmetic circuits 41a, 41b,.
- the three-dimensional image generation unit 34 that is an integrated processor includes an image integration processing unit 44, a boundary extraction processing unit 45, a shape data storage unit 46, and a table data storage unit 47.
- the internal memories 40a, 40b, ..., 40i temporarily store the A / D conversion signals supplied from the A / D converters 32a, 32b, ..., 32i and the propagation time data obtained from the table data storage unit 47, respectively.
- Arithmetic circuits 41a, 41b,..., 41i are respectively obtained from A / D conversion signals and propagation time data stored in internal memories 40a, 40b,.
- the reflection intensity is specified, and each mesh is associated with the reflection intensity.
- the associated reflection intensity is supplied to the image integration processing unit 44 of the three-dimensional image generation unit (integrated processor) 34.
- the image integration processing unit 44 adds the supplied reflection intensity for each mesh in the inspection region to generate three-dimensional imaging data.
- the generated three-dimensional (3D) imaging data is guided to the display processing device 18.
- the boundary extraction processing unit 45 extracts a boundary existing inside the inspection object 14 from the result output by the image integration processing unit 44. Information about the extracted boundary is sent to the table data storage unit 47.
- the shape data storage unit 46 stores information on the surface shape and the boundary layer structure related to the inspection object 14 in advance. The stored information is sent to the table data storage unit 47 as necessary.
- the table data storage unit 47 tabulates ultrasonic propagation times (or equivalent distances) between the piezoelectric vibrators 20 mn of the matrix sensor 11 and stores them in advance. A part or all of the stored ultrasonic propagation time is transferred to the internal memories 40a, 40b,..., 40i of the parallel processors 33 as necessary.
- the ultrasonic wave propagation time stored in the table data storage unit 47 is supplied by the boundary extraction processing unit 45, or the inspection target supplied by the information about the extracted boundary in the inspection object 14 or the shape data storage unit 46. It can be reset by information on the surface shape and the layer structure related to the object 14.
- the parallel processor 33 and the three-dimensional (3D) image generation unit 34 of the signal processing device 17 process the digital signals derived from the A / D converters 32a, 32b,.
- the three-dimensional imaging data I for visualizing the state of the joint 15 is generated.
- Three-dimensional imaging data is generated corresponding to each mesh in the three-dimensional imaging region set in the inspection object 14 by aperture synthesis processing from the electrical signal of the reflected echo detected by the signal detection device 16. .
- the three-dimensional image generation unit 34 is perpendicular to the direction of the front surface (xy plane) when viewed from the ultrasonic transducer 11, the two side surfaces (yz plane) orthogonal to the front surface, and the (zx plane).
- the three-dimensional imaging data I is seen through from a total of three directions, and the largest value of the three-dimensional imaging data I that overlaps the perspective direction is projected onto the plane. By doing so, three plane (two-dimensional) images are generated through each direction.
- the three-dimensional imaging data I generated by the three-dimensional image generation unit 34 is output to the display processing device 18.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a more detailed configuration of the display processing device 18 provided in the three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus 10.
- the junction data processing unit 35 for detecting the first peak and the second peak of the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) for each (x, y) necessary for the detection, and the junction data processing unit 35 detected
- a junction image generation unit 36 that generates a three-dimensional image of the junction 15 using the first peak and the second peak of the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) for each (x, y), and junction image generation
- the joint image generation part 36 and the pass / fail judgment part as necessary Inspection used in 37 Comprising a Itakumi information storage unit 56 for storing the elephant (Itakumi) 14 information (including the thickness information of each
- peaks 61 and 62 shown in FIG. 5 described later are a first peak 61 and a second peak, respectively.
- the joint data processing unit 35, the joint image generation unit 36, the board assembly information storage unit 56, and the pass / fail judgment unit 37 in the display processing device 18 will be sequentially described.
- the first peak detector 51 of the joint data processing unit 35 is a component that detects the first peak of the intensity distribution in the depth direction of the three-dimensional imaging data I, and sets the range in which the first peak is detected. For receiving and holding (first peak detection range setting function), a function for detecting the peak of the maximum intensity as the first peak in the set range (first peak detection function), and the surface of the inspection object 14 (coupling) 24 side surface) (surface position measuring function).
- the first peak detector 51 detects, as the first peak, the maximum intensity peak in the detection range for each (x, y) according to the set detection range of the first peak. Then, the position of the surface of the inspection object 14 (the surface on the side of the coupling agent 24) is obtained using the first peak detection position (z coordinate) of each (x, y). At this time, the indentation depth (t shown in FIG. 4) is also measured.
- the second peak detection unit 52 is a component that detects the second peak of the intensity distribution in the depth direction of the three-dimensional imaging data I, and has substantially the same function as the first peak detection unit 51. That is, a second peak detection range setting function that accepts and holds a setting of a range for detecting the second peak, a second peak detection function that detects a peak of maximum intensity as the second peak in the set range, and an inspection object 14 has a bottom surface position measuring function for measuring the position of the bottom surface 29 of the fourteen.
- the second peak detection unit 52 detects the peak of the maximum intensity within the detection range as the second peak for each (x, y) according to the set detection range of the second peak. And the position of the bottom face 29 of the test object 14 is calculated
- the detection range of the second peak is set so that the z coordinate is necessarily larger than the z coordinate where the first peak exists.
- the attenuation correction processing unit 53 stores information necessary for execution of the attenuation correction processing such as information on Formula 1 used for the attenuation correction processing, information on each parameter, and information on the setting value (0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1) of the correction coefficient r.
- the attenuation correction process is a correction process for preventing erroneous detection of the bottom echo of the acoustic propagation medium 23 as the first peak when the acoustic propagation medium 23 and the plate-like structure 14a are not in close contact with each other. 23 and the plate-like structure 14a are in close contact with each other and the bottom echo of the acoustic propagation medium 23 cannot be erroneously detected as the first peak. That is, the attenuation correction process is an optional process (auxiliary process) that is performed as necessary to more accurately detect the first peak.
- the attenuation correction process when the first peak of the intensity distribution in the z direction is detected, the attenuation correction process is arbitrary and does not always need to be performed. Therefore, the user appropriately selects whether or not to perform the attenuation correction process.
- the attenuation correction process is executed only when the setting is configured and the execution of the attenuation correction process is set (selected).
- the attenuation correction of the attenuation correction processing unit 53 is a correction that makes the corrected intensity F (v) larger than the original intensity v, and therefore the correction coefficient r is a positive number less than 1.
- the inverse correction processing unit 54 performs the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) Correction (hereinafter referred to as “reverse correction”) is performed to forcibly attenuate the intensity as the depth increases (hereinafter, the degree of attenuation is further increased).
- the false detection of the second peak occurs when a strong reflection occurs at the third peak or the fourth peak detected at a deeper position than the second peak.
- the range for detecting the position of the second peak is also a shallow position.
- the peaks after the second peak such as the third peak and the fourth peak are repeated echoes, and the intensity is attenuated by repetition, so the reflection is stronger than the second peak. Should not get.
- the third peak and the fourth peak which are the repeated echoes, may be more strongly reflected than the second peak.
- the reverse correction processing unit 54 is effective in a scene where such erroneous detection of the second peak may occur.
- the difference between the inverse correction processing unit 54 and the attenuation correction processing unit 53 is the difference between whether the stored correction coefficient r is set to r> 1 or 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1.
- the construction is not substantially different.
- the reverse correction performed by the reverse correction processing unit 54 is also an optional process (auxiliary process) similar to the attenuation correction, and is performed as necessary in order to more accurately detect the second peak. Correction processing.
- the junction data processing unit 35 configured in this way detects the first peak and the second peak of the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) for each (x, y), and detects the detected first peak. And the position of the surface of the test object 14 and the bottom face 29 is measured based on the z coordinate in each (x, y) of the second peak.
- the joint image generation unit 36 provided in the display processing device 18 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 as appropriate.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an overview of the mapping process performed by the joint image generation unit 36 at each (x, y). More specifically, FIG. 4 (a) is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the xy plane to be mapped and the mesh, and FIG. 4 (b) is an inspection at AA ′ shown in FIG. 4 (a). It is explanatory drawing which showed the cross section (zx plane) of the target object 14 (14a, 14b, 14c). In addition, the code
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) corresponding to the three meshes m1, m2, and m3 shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 (a), FIG. 5 (b) and FIG. FIG. 5C corresponds to the meshes m1, m2, and m3 shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 (a), FIG. 5 (b) and FIG. 5C corresponds to the meshes m1, m2, and m3 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an example of a three-dimensional image of the joint 15 generated by the joint image generator 36.
- the blank mesh, the G mesh, and the B mesh shown in FIG. 6 are notations that mean red, green, and blue, respectively.
- the joint image generation unit 36 generates an xy plane from the first peak 61 and the second peak 62 in the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) for each (x, y) detected by the joint data processing unit 35. Find the depth of reflection in each mesh unit.
- the joint image generation unit 36 detects the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) for each (x, y) as shown in FIG. Further, the distance d between the first peak 61 and the second peak 62 is obtained.
- the depths at which the reflections of the meshes m1, m2, and m3 are generated are calculated as d1, d2, and d3 (d1 ⁇ d2 ⁇ d3), respectively.
- the joint image generation unit 36 relates the relationship between the calculated depth range in which the calculated depth is set in advance and the color displayed on the display unit 38. Based on the above, the color of each mesh is mapped to a color corresponding to the obtained depth to obtain a joint image.
- the ratio of the calculated depth to the entire thickness of the inspection object 14 is 0 or more and 1 / 3 is set to red (blank in FIG. 6), 1/3 to less than 2/3 is set to green (G in FIG. 6), and 2/3 to less than 1 is set to blue (B in FIG. 6). It is determined which of the above-mentioned depth the obtained depth corresponds to, and it is determined what color the mesh is displayed.
- the depth range is not set in consideration of the error, but the depth range may be set in consideration of the error.
- the joint image as shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by mapping with the color determined for each (x, y).
- the joint image shows the range where the blue mesh is joined up to the third sheet
- the green mesh shows the range where the second sheet is joined
- the red mesh The range in which the mesh is not joined up to the second sheet or the range in which the weld defect portion 28 is present is shown, and the joining state of the joining portion 15 can be easily recognized (understood).
- mapping can be performed by changing the color every time, it is possible to generate a joined portion image that can determine how many pieces are joined as in the example described.
- the joint image generation unit 36 detects the size / position of the joint 15 and the size / position of the weld defect 28 in the inspection object 14 from the three-dimensional image (joint image) of the joint 15. It is possible to measure the size and position of the joint 15 and the size and position of the weld defect 28 in the inspection object 14.
- the outer boundary line (the bold line portion shown in FIG. 6) between the mesh mapped in blue and the mesh mapped in other colors (green and red) is the joint contour shape.
- the joint contour shape Represented as:
- a weld defect 28 such as a blowhole exists in the joint
- a closed red region single mesh in the example shown in FIG. 6
- the weld defect portion 28 is expressed in a stepping stone shape, and the defect contour shape is expressed as a boundary line between a continuous blue region and a red region.
- the weld defect portion 28 when the welding defect part 28 does not exist, this red area does not appear in the blue continuous area. Further, depending on the depth position of the weld defect portion 28, for example, the weld defect portion 28 is present in the vicinity of the non-joint portion 26 existing between the second plate-like structure 14 b and the third plate-like structure 14 c. In some cases, it may be assumed that the weld defect 28 is expressed as a closed green region formed within a blue continuous region or a mixed region composed of green and red.
- the size of the joint 15 and the center position of the joint 15 can be determined from the joint contour and the defect contour, and the weld defect 28 generated inside the joint 15 The size and position can be determined.
- mapping method, the color selection or the number of display levels (how many levels are displayed) adopted by the joint image generation unit 36 when generating the joint image are not limited to the example described. Any element can be appropriately selected from various ones.
- the board assembly information storage unit 56 is used by the joint image generation unit 36 and the pass / fail determination unit 37 as necessary in order to improve the accuracy of image generation in the joint image generation unit 36 and determination in the pass / fail determination unit 37.
- This is a storage area for storing information on each plate thickness of the inspection object (plate assembly) 14.
- the depth position is erroneously detected even if measurement errors are taken into account, and green is determined to be blue, or red is set to green There is little to judge.
- the depth position may be erroneously detected with the setting as in the above-described example. Therefore, in such a case, the joint image generation unit 36 is a clue when determining the color to be mapped by referring to the plate thickness information of each plate-like structure.
- the thicknesses of the inspection target (plate assembly) 14 (14a, 14b, 14c) shown in FIG. 4 are ta, tb, tc (ta ⁇ tb ⁇ tc> 0), respectively, and the allowable error is e, Assuming that the depth d of each (x, y) is obtained, red is satisfied when the following expression (conditional expression) 2 is satisfied, green is satisfied when expression (2) is satisfied, and expression (3) ), The color to be mapped is determined to be blue. The subsequent steps are the same as in the above example.
- Equation 2 d ⁇ ta + e (1) ta + tb ⁇ e ⁇ d ⁇ ta + tb + e (2) ta + tb + tc ⁇ e ⁇ d ⁇ ta + tb + tc + e (3)
- ta, tb, and tc are plate thicknesses of the plate-like structures 14a, 14b, and 14c
- e is an allowable error
- d is a depth d of each (x, y) obtained.
- the allowable error e may be set to a different value between the upper limit and the lower limit.
- the joining part image generation part 36 displays the measurement result of the size / position of the joining part 15 and the size / position of the welding defect part 28 in the inspection object 14 from the three-dimensional image of the joining part 15 and the display of the pass / fail judgment part 37. To the unit 38.
- the pass / fail judgment unit 37 is based on the joined part image input from the joined part image generation unit 36, information on the determination criteria stored in the pass / fail judgment unit 37, and information on mathematical formulas and parameters required for the determination criteria.
- the quality of 15 joining states is determined.
- the pass / fail judgment unit 37 is configured to be able to set which judgment criterion is adopted to make the pass / fail judgment, and at least one judgment criterion is set from among the stored judgment criteria. For example, as a determination criterion for determining the quality of the bonded state of the bonded portion 15, the diameter, area, or thickness of the bonded portion and the depth of the indentation are within a predetermined range, or a blow that is an example of the weld defect portion 28. For example, whether the area of the hole is a predetermined value (ratio) or less.
- the pass / fail determination unit 37 configured in this way compares the specified determination target with the determination criterion, and determines whether the determination criterion is satisfied. Any combination can be determined as long as there are one or more determination targets.
- the determination result about the quality of the joint state of the joint part 15 is output to the display part 38 and displayed. Note that the various types of information stored in the pass / fail determination unit 37 can be updated afterward by a user information update operation.
- the ultrasonic transducer 11 which is a matrix sensor is operated.
- One or a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 11 are applied to each of the piezoelectric transducers 20 in a matrix form by using the drive element selection device 13 with the pulse or continuous drive signal generated by the signal generator 12. Add sequentially.
- a drive signal electrical signal
- the piezoelectric vibrator 20mn is subjected to piezoelectric conversion, and ultrasonic waves having a required frequency are oscillated. To be harassed.
- the ultrasonic wave U oscillated from the selected piezoelectric vibrator 20 mn passes through the acoustic propagation medium 23 and enters the inspection region (joint portion) 15 of the inspection object 14 with a required spread.
- the ultrasonic wave U incident on the inspection region 15 of the inspection object 14 sequentially reaches the boundary layers having different densities in the inspection object 14 and is irradiated with the surface.
- a part of the ultrasonic wave irradiated to the inside of the inspection object 14 (two-dimensionally) is reflected by the boundary layer, and the reflected wave becomes a reflected echo and enters the matrix sensor 11 through the acoustic propagation medium 23.
- Each piezoelectric vibrator 20 of the matrix sensor 11 that has received the reflected echo acts as a piezoelectric transducer, and outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the magnitude of the reflected echo to the signal detection device 16.
- the ultrasonic transducers 11 constituting the matrix sensor 11 are provided with a large number of piezoelectric vibrators 20 mn, and ultrasonic waves sequentially oscillated from the piezoelectric vibrators 20 mn at different oscillation positions are detected on the inspection object 14. Reflected one after another at the joint (inspection region), becomes reflected echoes and enters the matrix sensor 11, and is successively reflected as electrical signals of reflected echoes from the piezoelectric vibrators 20 of the matrix sensor 11 to the signal detector 16. Sent.
- the electrical signal of the reflected echo sent to the signal detection device 16 is subsequently incident on the signal processing device 17, and the electrical signal of the reflected echo is signal-processed by this signal processing device 17, and is an inspection region of the inspection object 14.
- Three-dimensional imaging data is created by the parallel processor 33 of the joint unit 15 and the three-dimensional image generation unit 34 that is an integrated processor.
- the signal processing device 17 includes a parallel processor 33, and the parallel processor 33 performs arithmetic processing on the electrical signal of the reflected echo input to the signal processing device 17, so that the arithmetic processing can be performed in a short time. Can be done quickly.
- the three-dimensional image generation unit 34 looks at the inspection object 14 from the ultrasonic transducer 11 and the front direction and two side surfaces orthogonal to the front side. Projecting 3D ultrasound imaging data from a total of 3 vertical directions, and projecting the 3D ultrasound imaging data with the largest value from the 3D ultrasound imaging data in the perspective direction To generate three planar images in each direction.
- the imaging data of the two side surfaces orthogonal to the front includes a large amount of information in the thickness direction of the plurality of flat plate inspection objects 14 having the joints 15. Since the reflection intensity from the bottom surface of the first flat plate structure 14a as viewed from the transducer 11 is high, the position of the bottom surface portion of the flat plate structure 14a can be determined. On the other hand, since the ultrasonic transmittance is high at the portion where the plurality of flat inspection objects 14 are joined, the position of the bottom surface portion 29 of the plurality of flat inspection objects 14 can be determined as the portion having the highest reflection intensity.
- the joint data processing unit 35 can detect the first peak and the second peak of the intensity distribution in the depth direction (z direction) with respect to each (x, y) from the three-dimensional imaging data I, and the detection result Is sent to the joint image generator 36.
- the joint image generation unit 36 calculates the distance between the detected first peak and the second peak, obtains the depth at which reflection occurs for each (x, y), and obtains a three-dimensional image of the joint 15. Generate.
- the user can easily grasp the contour shape, size, and position of the joint portion 15 and the contour shape, size, and position of the weld defect portion 28 by looking at the joint portion image.
- the three-dimensional image of the joint 15 and the measurement result generated by the joint image generation unit 36 are output to the pass / fail judgment unit 37 and the display unit 38.
- the pass / fail determination unit 37 receives the three-dimensional image and measurement result of the joint 15 generated by the joint image generation unit 36, compares the specified determination target with the determination criterion, and determines whether the determination criterion is satisfied. .
- the determination result about the quality of the joint state of the joint part 15 is output to the display part 38 and displayed.
- the three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus 10 configured as described above, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the internal inspection using ultrasonic waves and automatically determine the inspection. Moreover, if the junction part image is seen, the joining state of the junction part 15, the quality of the welding defect part 28, and its range can be grasped at a glance. Further, conventionally, even when the joint portion 15 cannot be correctly determined because the image is cut obliquely, it is possible to prevent the image from being generated in an oblique state by performing the attenuation correction process.
- the three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus is not limited to the one described in the above embodiment, and various modifications are conceivable.
- the signal processing apparatus 17 and the display processing apparatus 18 are provided in the three-dimensional imaging apparatus 10, but may be realized by independent computers. Further, the three-dimensional image generation unit 34 of the signal processing device 17 may be shifted into the display processing device 18. Further, the joint data processing unit 35 of the display processing device 18 may be shifted into the signal processing device 17.
- the computer executes each process in the present embodiment based on a program stored in a storage medium.
- the computer includes a computer device such as a personal computer or a computer system in which a plurality of computer devices are connected to a network. Any configuration may be used.
- the computer is not limited to a personal computer (personal computer), and includes a communication device, an arithmetic processing device included in an information processing device, a microcomputer, etc., and a device or device that can realize the functions of the present invention by a program.
- the internal configuration of the display processing device 18 can be realized by software.
- the software may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as a flexible disk, or may be transmitted over a network such as a LAN or the Internet as a single software (program).
- the computer reads out the software (program) stored in the storage medium, or the computer downloads from a site (server) on the LAN or the Internet and installs it on the hard disk, thereby enabling processing in the computer.
- the software (program) in the present invention is not limited to that stored in a storage medium independent of the computer, but includes software distributed via a transmission medium such as a LAN or the Internet.
- the program is stored in a storage medium such as a memory, a flexible disk, a hard disk, an optical disk (CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD, etc.), a magneto-optical disk (MO, etc.), a semiconductor memory, etc. so that it can be read by a computer.
- a storage medium such as a memory, a flexible disk, a hard disk, an optical disk (CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD, etc.), a magneto-optical disk (MO, etc.), a semiconductor memory, etc. so that it can be read by a computer.
- the language format and the storage format may be any form.
- an OS operating system
- MW middleware
- database management software network software, or the like
- the storage medium is not limited to a medium independent of a computer, but also includes a storage medium in which a program transmitted via a LAN, the Internet, or the like is downloaded and stored or temporarily stored.
- the number of storage media is not limited to one, and the case where the processing in the present embodiment is executed from a plurality of media is also included in the storage medium in the present invention, and the media configuration may be any configuration.
- the present invention can be applied to a three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus that confirms the joining state of the joint from the three-dimensional image of the weld joint.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、上記特許文献2に記載される三次元超音波検査装置の場合、接合部の三次元画像から接合部の接合状態を容易に視認できる状態で表示されているとは必ずしもいえなかった。また、中間部の透視画像や底面部の透視画像をすべての(x,y)で同じz範囲を切り取るため、例えば、検査対象の形状等に起因してプローブが少し傾いてしまうような状況が生じると、中間部や底面部を斜めに切り取ることになり、正しく接合部を判定できない。このように、上記従来技術に採用される透視画像を得る方式では、接合部の検査精度が低下してしまう場合があるという課題を招来していた。
[数1]
F(v)=v/rz
v:深さzにおける反射強度 r:補正係数 z:深さ
[数2]
d<ta+e ・・・(1)
ta+tb-e<d<ta+tb+e ・・・(2)
ta+tb+tc-e<d<ta+tb+tc+e ・・・(3)
ここで、ta,tb,tcは板状構造物14a,14b,14cの各板厚、eは許容誤差、dは求めた各(x,y)の深さdである。なお、ここで、許容誤差eは上限と下限で異なる値に設定してもよい。
Claims (6)
- 複数の圧電振動子をマトリクス状あるいはアレイ状に配設した超音波トランスデューサと、
前記超音波トランスデューサの複数の圧電振動子のうち、超音波を発振させる圧電振動子を順次選択する駆動素子選択装置と、
前記駆動素子選択装置に選択された圧電振動子から発振される超音波を音響伝播媒体を介して検査対象物の接合部に入射させ、この接合部からの反射エコーを受信し、その反射エコーの電気信号を検出する信号検出装置と、
この信号検出装置で検出された電気信号を信号処理し、前記検査対象物の内部に設定された三次元画像化領域内に区画されたメッシュに対応させて三次元画像化データを生成する信号処理装置と、
この信号処理装置で生成された三次元画像化データを処理した結果を表示する表示処理装置を具備し、
前記表示処理装置は、前記信号処理装置で生成された三次元画像化データの深さ方向(z方向)の強度分布の基準深さよりも深い位置に最初に出現する第1ピークを検出する第1ピーク検出部と、
前記第1ピークの出現位置よりも深い位置に最初に出現する第2ピークを検出する第2ピーク検出部と、
前記第1ピークの出現位置と前記第2ピークの出現位置との間の深さ方向の距離をx-y平面の各々の位置にマッピングして接合部の三次元画像を生成する接合部画像生成部と、
前記接合部画像生成部で生成された接合部の三次元画像および予め記憶された判定基準に従って前記接合部の接合状態の良否を判定する良否判定部と、
前記接合部画像生成部で生成された接合部の三次元画像および前記良否判定部の判定結果の少なくとも一方を表示する表示部と、を備えたことを特徴とする三次元超音波検査装置。 - 前記接合部画像生成部は、前記接合部の三次元画像から前記検査対象物内の接合部の大きさ・位置および溶接欠陥部の大きさ・位置を検出して計測する機能を有し、前記検査対象物内の接合部の大きさ・位置および溶接欠陥部の大きさ・位置の計測結果を前記良否判定部および表示部へ出力することを特徴とする請求項1記載の三次元超音波検査装置。
- 前記接合部画像生成部は、前記接合部の三次元画像からx-y平面に同程度と判断された深さの連続領域内に前記連続領域の深さとは異なる深さと判定された閉じた領域が存在する場合、前記連続領域内の閉じた領域を溶接欠陥部として位置・大きさを特定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の三次元超音波検査装置。
- 前記検査対象の板組みを構成する各板の厚さの情報を有する板組み情報を記憶する板組み情報記憶部をさらに備え、
前記接合部画像生成部は、x-y平面の各々について前記第1ピークの出現位置と前記第2ピークの出現位置との間の深さ方向の距離を算出した位置が、この位置と前記板組み情報記憶部に記憶される板組み情報を参照して得られる前記板組みの各結合位置との関係から前記板組みの各結合位置の何れに位置するかを判断してマッピングするように構成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の三次元超音波検査装置。 - 前記検査対象物の三次元画像化データの深さ方向(z方向)の強度分布に深さが増すにつれて強度を増幅する補正処理を実行する第1の補正処理部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の三次元超音波検査装置。
- 前記検査対象物の三次元画像化データの深さ方向(z方向)の強度分布に深さが増すにつれて強度を強制的に減衰させる補正処理を実行する第2の補正処理部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の三次元超音波検査装置。
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EP09773431.3A EP2299262A4 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-06-29 | 3D ULTRASOUND MACHINE |
CA2729759A CA2729759A1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-06-29 | Three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus |
US13/002,349 US8488871B2 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-06-29 | Three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus |
IL210388A IL210388A0 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2010-12-30 | Three-dimensional ultrasonic inspection apparatus |
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JP6570600B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 | 2019-09-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 検査システム、制御装置、角度調整方法、プログラム、および記憶媒体 |
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CN109100428B (zh) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-03-02 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | 一种核安全3级hdpe管道模拟孔洞缺陷的制备方法 |
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US8488871B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
CA2729759A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
JP2010014626A (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
IL210388A0 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
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