WO2009119765A1 - 無線通信装置および通信装置 - Google Patents
無線通信装置および通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119765A1 WO2009119765A1 PCT/JP2009/056178 JP2009056178W WO2009119765A1 WO 2009119765 A1 WO2009119765 A1 WO 2009119765A1 JP 2009056178 W JP2009056178 W JP 2009056178W WO 2009119765 A1 WO2009119765 A1 WO 2009119765A1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 614
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/02—Buffering or recovering information during reselection ; Modification of the traffic flow during hand-off
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
- H04W36/0016—Hand-off preparation specially adapted for end-to-end data sessions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
- H04W36/302—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication apparatus capable of performing handover between different wireless communication networks, and a communication apparatus communicating with the wireless communication apparatus.
- IP mobility technology that enables handover between different wireless communication networks, such as mobile phone networks and wireless LANs, in order to realize a ubiquitous environment.
- mobile IP Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6
- NEMO Network Mobility
- a mobile node MN: Mobile Node
- the home agent HA: Home Agent
- CoA Care of
- CN counterpart node
- an MBB Make-Before-Break method in which a handover destination network is connected before disconnecting the handover source network, or a handover destination network is connected after disconnecting the handover source network.
- a BBM Block-Before-Make
- the HA receives Registration Request (Binding Update in NEMO) that is handover request information from the MN, and registers the handover destination CoA. Communication is performed between the MN and the CN via the wireless communication network. Further, the MN receives Registration Reply (Binding Acknowledge in NEMO), which is handover completion information returned from the HA, and disconnects from the handover source wireless communication network. Communication is performed via a wireless communication network.
- the MN transmits a packet from the handover source wireless communication network.
- the absolute delay time of the handover source downlink is longer than the absolute delay time of the handover destination downlink
- the wireless communication network is switched based on the handover completion information from the handover destination, after the switching, the packet transmitted from the HA via the handover source wireless communication network is disconnected from the handover source wireless communication network.
- the packet cannot be received and the packet is lost.
- the lost amount of this packet increases as the absolute delay time of the downlink from the HA to the MN in the handover source wireless communication network is longer than that in the handover destination wireless communication network.
- a first object of the present invention made in view of such a point is to provide a wireless communication apparatus that can be handed over to a different wireless communication network without causing packet loss and can always maintain stable reproduction quality and real-time performance. There is.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a communication device that can transmit a packet without causing packet loss to a wireless communication device handed over to a different wireless communication network, and can always maintain stable reproduction quality and real-time performance. It is to provide.
- the invention of the wireless communication apparatus for achieving the first object is as follows: A wireless communication unit that performs wireless communication by connecting to a first wireless communication network and a second wireless communication network different from the first wireless communication network; An execution unit that executes an application of a real-time communication system via the wireless communication unit; A communication quality acquisition unit for acquiring communication quality of a radio link in the first wireless communication network while executing the application by connecting to the first wireless communication network; A determination unit that determines whether to start preparation for handover from the first wireless communication network to the second wireless communication network based on the communication quality acquired by the communication quality acquisition unit; When the determination unit determines the start of handover preparation, the data is transmitted through the first wireless communication network, the data is stored for a predetermined time, and after the handover, the stored data is transferred to the second wireless communication network.
- a control unit controlling to transmit via, It is characterized by providing.
- the invention according to a second aspect is the wireless communication device according to the first aspect,
- an estimation unit that estimates a handover preparation time until the handover is started based on the communication quality acquired by the communication quality acquisition unit;
- a measurement unit that measures respective delay times in the first wireless communication network and the second wireless communication network, and
- the control unit accumulates the data based on respective delay times in the first wireless communication network and the second wireless communication network measured by the measurement unit and the handover preparation time estimated by the estimation unit. It is characterized by determining a start time to be performed.
- the invention according to a third aspect is the wireless communication device according to the first aspect,
- a measurement unit that measures respective delay times in the first wireless communication network and the second wireless communication network, and
- the control unit determines a predetermined time for storing the data based on respective delay times in the first wireless communication network and the second wireless communication network measured by the measurement unit. is there.
- the invention according to a fourth aspect is the wireless communication device according to the first, second or third aspect, An encoding unit for encoding transmission data;
- the encoding unit encodes the accumulated data at a rate lower than an encoding bit rate before the determination unit determines start of handover preparation.
- the invention of the communication device is as follows: A communication unit that connects to a communication network and executes communication; An execution unit that executes an application of a real-time communication system via the communication unit; When a wireless communication device that is a communication partner of the application receives handover information from the wireless communication device that performs handover from the first wireless communication network in communication to a second wireless communication network different from the first wireless communication network, A control unit for transmitting data via a communication network, storing the data for a predetermined time, and controlling the stored data to be transmitted to the wireless communication device after handover of the wireless communication device; It is characterized by providing.
- the invention according to a sixth aspect is the communication apparatus according to the fifth aspect,
- the control unit based on the handover preparation time, the delay time in the first radio communication network and the second radio communication network, and the delay time in the communication network, included in the handover information, A start time for storing the data is determined.
- the invention according to a seventh aspect is the communication apparatus according to the fifth aspect,
- the control unit determines a predetermined time for storing the data based on respective delay times in the first wireless communication network and the second wireless communication network included in the handover information. Is.
- the invention according to an eighth aspect is the communication apparatus according to the sixth aspect,
- the control unit determines a predetermined time for storing the data based on respective delay times in the first wireless communication network and the second wireless communication network included in the handover information. Is.
- the invention according to a ninth aspect is the communication device according to the fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth aspect, An encoding unit for encoding transmission data;
- the encoding unit encodes the accumulated data at a rate lower than an encoding bit rate before receiving the handover information.
- the wireless communication device of the present invention determines to start preparation for handover from the first wireless communication network to the second wireless communication network, transmits data via the first wireless communication network and stores the data for a predetermined time. Then, the stored data is transmitted via the second wireless communication network after the handover. Therefore, it is possible to accumulate while transmitting data for a predetermined time that is thought to be lost due to handover, and transmit the accumulated data after the handover. As a result, handover to a different wireless communication network can be performed without causing packet loss, and stable reproduction quality and real-time performance can always be maintained.
- the communication apparatus of the present invention receives information on handover from the first wireless communication network with which the wireless communication apparatus is communicating to another second wireless communication network from the wireless communication apparatus that is the communication partner, While transmitting data to the communication device, the data is stored for a predetermined time, and the stored data is transmitted after the handover of the wireless communication device. Therefore, based on the handover information from the wireless communication device, the wireless communication device accumulates while transmitting data for a predetermined time that is considered to be lost when the wireless communication device hands over to a different wireless communication network, and the stored data is handed over. Can be sent later. As a result, stable reproduction quality and real-time performance can always be maintained without causing packet loss.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method for calculating a handover preparation time by the handover control unit shown in FIG. 2. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the absolute delay time acquisition method.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conversion table between radio conditions and throughput stored in a handover control unit illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram for explaining a handover process between the wireless communication apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and an HA. It is a figure for demonstrating generation
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an operation at the time of handover by a transmission control unit shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the transmission / reception packet between communication apparatuses when the radio
- FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram illustrating a flow of handover information between the wireless communication device, the HA, and the communication device illustrated in FIG. 1.
- 15 is a flowchart showing an operation of a reproduction speed calculation unit shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the reproduction
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing an example of a reception packet reproduction rate control method by the jitter buffer control unit illustrated in FIG. 14. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the communication network which can use the communication apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the radio
- FIG. 31 is a sequence diagram showing an operation of a main part of the telephone function unit shown in FIG. 30. It is a figure for demonstrating the reproduction
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a communication network that can be used by the wireless communication apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a wireless communication device (MN) 11 that is a mobile node makes a call with a communication device (CN) 12 that is an opposite node by VoIP that is a real-time communication system application.
- the wireless communication device 11 can be handed over between the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16.
- the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16 are coupled to the Internet 18.
- the first wireless communication network 15 is assumed to be, for example, a mobile phone network of cdma2000 1xEV-DO (Code Division Multiple Access 2000-1x Evolution Data Only), and the second wireless communication network 16 is, for example, a wireless LAN (Local Area Network). ) Is assumed. It is assumed that the uplink absolute delay time in the second radio communication network 16 is shorter than the uplink absolute delay time in the first radio communication network 15.
- reference numeral 15 a indicates a base station of the first wireless communication network 15, and reference numeral 16 a indicates an access point of the second wireless communication network 16.
- the communication device 12 includes, for example, a personal computer to which a handset 12a is connected and a softphone as a telephone function unit is installed, and is connected to the Internet 18 through an Internet service provider (not shown).
- SIP Session Initiation Protocol
- SIP server 21 and 22 for controlling communication are connected to the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16, respectively.
- a home agent (HA) 23 that transfers a received packet addressed to the wireless communication device 11 to the wireless communication network to which the wireless communication device 11 is connected and a SIP server 24 that controls communication are connected to the Internet 18.
- the home address used in the wireless communication network to which the wireless communication apparatus 11 originally belongs is registered in the HA 23, and the IP address of the handover destination wireless communication network is taken care of (CoA: care) at the time of handover.
- CoA care
- handover between different wireless communication networks becomes possible.
- IP mobility technology is well known in the above-described mobile IP and NEMO, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the wireless communication device 11 registers the IP address of the first wireless communication network 15 in the HA 23 as a care-of address (first wireless CoA), and communicates with the communication device 12 via the first wireless communication network 15. It is assumed that handover is performed from the current state to the second wireless communication network 16.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the wireless communication apparatus 11 according to the present embodiment shown in FIG.
- the wireless communication device 11 executes a first wireless I / F (interface) 31 corresponding to the first wireless communication network 15, a second wireless I / F 32 corresponding to the second wireless communication network 16, and a VoIP application.
- the wireless information of the telephone function unit 33, the communication processing unit 34 that controls connection to the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16, and the wireless information of the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16 is acquired.
- a wireless information acquisition unit 35; and a handover control unit 36 that controls a handover between the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16.
- the communication processing unit 34 constitutes a wireless communication unit that performs wireless communication, and calls between the telephone function unit 33 and the communication device 12 via the first wireless communication network 15 or the second wireless communication network 16. And the connection of the first wireless I / F 31 or the second wireless I / F 32 is controlled to communicate with the HA 23 under the control of the handover control unit 36.
- the wireless information acquisition unit 35 acquires the communication quality of the corresponding first wireless communication network 15 and second wireless communication network 16 from the first wireless I / F 31 and the second wireless I / F 32 as wireless information,
- the acquired communication quality is supplied to the handover control unit 36.
- the communication quality for example, RSSI (Received Signal Signal Strength Indicator) indicating a wireless state is acquired. Therefore, the radio information acquisition unit 35 constitutes a communication quality acquisition unit that acquires the communication quality of the radio link.
- the handover control unit 36 Based on the communication quality from the radio information acquisition unit 35, the handover control unit 36 generates handover information including a decision whether to schedule a handover, that is, whether to start preparation for handover, and the handover information Based on the above, handover is controlled.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the telephone function unit 33 of the wireless communication apparatus 11 shown in FIG.
- the telephone function unit 33 is composed of, for example, a soft phone, and has a button input unit 41, a screen display unit 42, a microphone 43, an encoder 44, a packet transmission unit 45, a packet reception unit 46, a jitter buffer, as in the configuration of a known soft phone. 47, a decoder 48, a speaker 49, a jitter buffer monitoring unit 50, a jitter buffer control unit 51, a SIP control unit 52, and an overall control unit 53 for controlling the overall operation.
- the overall control unit 53 acquires user operation information via the button input unit 41 and the screen display unit 42, and controls the overall operation based on the acquired information.
- the SIP control unit 52 controls SIP procedures for starting and ending a call.
- the audio data acquired from the microphone 43 is encoded by the encoder 44 which is an encoding unit, and the encoded data is put into a packet from the packet transmission unit 45 and communicated via the communication processing unit 34. Transmitted to the device 12.
- the packet from the communication device 12 received by the packet receiving unit 46 via the communication processing unit 34 is once fetched into the jitter buffer 47 and then read out. Are decoded and output as reproduced sound from the speaker 49.
- the reception status of packets in the jitter buffer 47 and the number of packets (data amount) in the jitter buffer 47 are monitored by the jitter buffer monitoring unit 50. Based on the monitoring result, the jitter buffer control unit 51 Processing such as a packet reading speed from the jitter buffer 47 and discarding of the received packet is controlled.
- the radio communication apparatus 11 further includes a telephone function unit 33, a handover information acquisition unit 55, a transmission control unit 56, and a transmission buffer 57.
- the handover information acquisition unit 55 monitors handover information from the handover control unit 36 at regular intervals, and acquires handover schedule determination information for determining a handover schedule. When the handover schedule determination information is acquired, the handover information acquisition unit 55 further acquires the required handover information from the handover control unit 36 and supplies the acquired required handover information to the transmission control unit 56.
- the transmission control unit 56 controls the encoding bit rate of transmission data by the encoder 44 and the transmission of data from the encoder 44 to the packet transmission unit 45. That is, the transmission control unit 56 directly transmits the data encoded by the encoder 44 to the packet transmission unit 45 in a normal call state in which handover information is not supplied from the handover information acquisition unit 55. On the other hand, when the handover information is supplied from the handover information acquisition unit 55, the transmission control unit 56 stores the data from the encoder 44 that seems to be lost due to the handover in the transmission buffer 57 based on the handover information. The accumulated data is controlled to be transmitted to the packet transmitter 45 after the handover is completed. The transmission control by the transmission control unit 56 will be further described later.
- the telephone function unit 33 configures an execution unit that executes a real-time communication system application and a control unit that controls transmission of data of the application.
- the handover control unit 36 determines a handover schedule based on the communication qualities acquired from the first wireless I / F 31 and the second wireless I / F 32 via the wireless information acquisition unit 35, respectively. For example, when a call is made by forming a wireless link with the first wireless communication network 15, the communication quality acquired from the first wireless I / F 31 becomes worse than the handover schedule determination threshold, and the second wireless I / F When the communication quality of F32 is equal to or higher than the handover schedule determination threshold, the handover control unit 36 determines the handover schedule to the second wireless communication network 16, that is, determines the start of handover preparation.
- the communication quality of the second wireless communication network 16 that is not used for a call is acquired (measured) by receiving broadcast information transmitted from the access point 16a, for example.
- the handover preparation time Ts (sec), which is the time until the start of the handover, that is, the time until the Registration Request (Binding Update in NEMO) is transmitted,
- the predicted bandwidth Rbup2 (bps) the predicted bandwidth
- handover control unit 36 supplies the obtained information to the telephone function unit 33 as necessary handover information including handover schedule determination information indicating handover schedule determination.
- the telephone function unit 33 transmits the required handover information among the handover information acquired from the handover control unit 36 to the communication apparatus 12 via the HA 23 as a handover advance notice message. Therefore, in radio communication apparatus 11 according to the present embodiment, handover control unit 36 includes a determination unit that determines whether to start preparation for handover, an estimation unit that estimates handover preparation time, and the first radio communication network. 15 and the measurement part which measures each delay time in the 2nd radio
- the handover preparation time Ts is calculated based on a unit time change rate ⁇ Rs (slope) of the radio state (Rs) for determining communication quality.
- the rate of change ⁇ Rs can be measured and acquired when the radio state falls below the handover schedule determination threshold and the handover schedule is determined, but in this embodiment, the handover schedule determination is performed during the call.
- the change rate average value ⁇ Rsrms from the time point to a predetermined time before is acquired.
- the handover control unit 36 calculates the change rate ⁇ Rs (t) of the unit time ( ⁇ t) of the radio state in the currently used radio communication network according to the following formula at a predetermined timing, A plurality of change rates ⁇ Rs (t) up to 2 seconds before) are held in the memory.
- the change rate average value ⁇ Rsrms up to a predetermined time held at that time is calculated.
- the handover control unit 36 determines whether or not the calculated change rate average value ⁇ Rsrms is smaller than a preset change rate threshold value Rsref.
- the handover preparation time Ts is set to a preset standard time Tref (for example, 5 sec). To do.
- Ts Tref (Rsref / ⁇ Rsrms) is calculated, and the higher the rate of change ⁇ Rsrms, the greater the handover preparation time Ts. Is set shorter than the standard time Tref.
- FIG. 4B shows a case where ⁇ Rsrms> Rsref and the handover preparation time Ts is set to approximately half the standard time Tref (2.5 sec).
- the handover source uplink absolute delay time Tdup1, the handover destination uplink and downlink absolute delay times Tdup2 and Tddn2 between the wireless communication apparatus 11 and the HA 23 are, for example, any of the first to third absolute delay time acquisition methods described below. Get by.
- the handover control unit 36 determines a handover schedule
- the handover control unit 36 synchronizes with the radio communication apparatus 11 via the first radio I / F 31 and the second radio I / F 32 in time synchronization.
- the HA 23 transmits a measurement packet having a transmission time stamp, and requests the HA 23 to return a measurement packet having the transmission time stamp, the reception time stamp at the HA 23, and a return time stamp from the HA 23. Thereby, the measurement packet is transmitted from both the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16 from the HA 23.
- the wireless communication device 11 receives the measurement packet transmitted from the HA 23 via the corresponding first wireless I / F 31 and second wireless I / F 32, respectively, and based on the reception time and the time stamp of the measurement packet. Measure absolute delay times Tdup1, Tdup2, and Tddn2 of the corresponding network.
- the handover control unit 36 determines a handover schedule
- the handover control unit 36 transmits a first wireless communication network from the wireless communication device 11 to the HA 23 that is time-synchronized with the wireless communication device 11.
- 15 and the second wireless communication network 16 transmit measurement packets such as PING and RTCP, receive the reply, and measure the absolute delay times Tdup1, Tdup2, and Tddn2 of the corresponding networks.
- the handover control unit 36 determines a handover schedule, acquires the absolute delay time of each wireless communication network by using a handover technique studied in IEEE 802.21.
- IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH)
- MIH Media Independent Handover
- WiFi Wireless Fidelity
- WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
- mobile phones etc.
- the handover control unit 36 is defined as an MIH user, and MIHF (MIH Function) acquires wireless information of a communication device based on a request from the MIH user and provides it to the MIH user.
- MIHF MIH Function
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the third absolute delay time acquisition method.
- a measurement server 61 that operates to measure delay time is connected to the Internet 18 that is a backbone network, and a first information server 62 is connected to the first wireless communication network 15.
- a second information server 63 is connected to the second wireless communication network 16.
- the first information server 62 includes a network delay reference time Tn1 as a reference for delay time measurement from the measurement server 61 directly connected to the Internet 18 to the base station 15a, and upper and lower distances from the base station 15a to the wireless communication device 11. Holds radio delay reference times Trup1 and Trdn1.
- the second information server 63 holds the network delay reference time Tn2 from the measurement server 61 to the access point 16a, and the upper and lower radio delay reference times Trup2 and Trdn2 from the access point 16a to the wireless communication device 11.
- the network delay reference times Tn1 and Tn2 are transmitted and received between the base station 15a and the measurement server 61, and between the access point 16a and the measurement server 61, respectively (such as PING and RTCP).
- the round trip time is measured, and the round trip time is halved.
- the upper and lower radio delay reference times Trup1 and Trdn1 in the first radio communication network 15 send a packet from the base station 15a to the radio communication device 11, and the radio communication device 11 that has received the packet records and returns the received time.
- the respective uplink and downlink delay times are calculated based on the times transmitted and received between the base station 15a and the wireless communication device 11.
- the upper and lower radio delay reference times Trup2 and Trdn2 in the second radio communication network 16 send a packet from the access point 16a to the radio communication device 11, and the radio communication device 11 that receives the packet records the received time. By sending it back, each of the uplink and downlink delay times is calculated based on the time transmitted and received between the access point 16a and the wireless communication device 11.
- Trup1 and Trup2 indicate uplink radio delay reference times
- Trdn1 and Trdn2 indicate downlink radio delay reference times.
- the handover control unit 36 of the wireless communication device 11 When connecting to the first wireless communication network 15 that is the handover source, the handover control unit 36 of the wireless communication device 11 sends a network delay from the first information server 62 connected to the first wireless communication network 15 via the MIHF. The reference time Tn1 and the radio delay reference times Trdn1 and Trup1 are acquired. Further, the handover control unit 36 transmits / receives a packet to / from the other party (here, the HA 23) whose delay time is to be measured, and the round-trip time (Tn3 + Trdn3 + Tn3 + Trup3) between the other party and its own wireless communication device 11 ).
- the other party here, the HA 23
- the handover controller 36 obtains a one-way delay time (Tn3-Tn1) between the HA 23 and the Internet 18 from this value as follows, and performs a handover between the wireless communication apparatus 11 and the HA 23.
- Tn3 + Trup3 corresponding to the original upstream absolute delay time Tdup1 is calculated.
- Tn3-Tn1 ⁇ (Tn3 + Trdn3 + Tn3 + Trup3)-(Tn1 + Trdn1 + Tn1 + Trup1) ⁇ / 2
- the handover control unit 36 acquires the network delay reference time Tn2 and the radio delay reference times Trup2 and Trdn2 of the handover destination. Therefore, the location information of the wireless communication device 11 is transmitted to the second information server 63 of the second wireless communication network 16 that is the handover destination via the first information server 62 of the first wireless communication network 15 that is currently connected. To request a reply of the network delay reference time Tn2 and the radio delay reference times Trup2 and Trdn2. As a result, the second information server 63 determines the network delay reference time Tn2 and the radio delay reference times Trup2 and Trdn2 of the access point 16a that is considered to be connected in consideration of the position information and the number of connected users of each access point. The response is made to the wireless communication device 11 via the first information server 62.
- the handover controller 36 receives the handover destination network delay reference time Tn2 and the radio delay reference times Trup2, Trdn2 returned from the second information server 63, and uses the obtained information and the calculated (Tn3-Tn1). In the following manner, Tn4 + Trup4 corresponding to the handover destination uplink absolute delay time Tdup2 and Tn4 + Trdn4 corresponding to the downlink absolute delay time Tddn2 between the wireless communication apparatus 11 and the HA 23 are calculated.
- the handover control unit 36 stores the absolute delay times Tdup1, Tdup2, and Tddn2 acquired by any of the first to third absolute delay time acquisition methods in the memory (see FIG. (Not shown).
- the uplink predicted bandwidth Rbup2 of the handover destination is obtained by predicting the uplink radio state in the handover destination radio communication network after completion of the handover. For this reason, the handover control unit 36 stores, for example, a conversion table between the wireless state (communication quality) and the throughput (predicted bandwidth) as shown in FIG. For example, the handover control unit 36 linearly predicts the handover destination radio status at the completion of the handover based on the handover destination radio status at the time when the handover schedule is determined and the handover destination radio status a predetermined time before that time.
- the handover completion time point is the round-trip time between the HA 23 and the wireless communication device 11 in the handover destination wireless communication network (here, the second wireless communication network 16) from the handover schedule determination time point.
- the absolute delay time (Trup2 + Trdn2) is added.
- the handover control unit 36 acquires the handover preparation time Ts, the handover source uplink absolute delay time Tdup1, the handover destination uplink and downlink absolute delay times Tdup2 and Tddn2, and the handover destination predicted bandwidth Rbup2. Is acquired to the telephone function unit 33.
- the handover control unit 36 determines a handover schedule, the handover control unit 36 executes a handover process.
- FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram for explaining a handover process between the wireless communication apparatus 11 and the HA 23.
- the handover control unit 36 of the wireless communication device (MN) 11 determines a handover schedule
- the handover control unit 36 controls the communication processing unit 34 to transfer the second wireless I / F 32 to the second wireless communication network 16. Connecting. Thereafter, when the handover preparation time Ts elapses, the handover control unit 36 transmits a Registration Request (in NEMO, Binding Update) to the HA 23 via the second wireless communication network 16 that is the handover destination.
- the handover control unit 36 transmits the handover request information to the HA 23
- the handover control unit 36 transmits a handover schedule notification indicating the fact to the telephone function unit 33 as the handover information.
- the HA 23 Upon receipt of the handover request information, the HA 23 registers the IP address of the handover destination as a care-of address (second wireless CoA), and registers Registration Reply (Binding Acknowledge in NEMO) as the second wireless communication network. 16 is sent back to the wireless communication apparatus 11 via 16. Note that the HA 23 registers only one care-of address with the wireless communication device 11. Therefore, the care-of address of the handover destination (second radio CoA) is registered by overwriting the care-of address of the handover source (first radio CoA) already registered. When the care-of address of the handover destination is registered, the HA 23 accepts only the packet from the registered care-of address (second wireless CoA) from that point, and the packet whose source is the previous care-of address (first wireless CoA) Not accepted.
- the handover control unit 36 After receiving RegistrationRegReply (Binding Acknowledge in NEMO) as handover completion information sent back from the HA 23, the handover control unit 36 starts transmission / reception of packets by the second wireless communication network 16 as the handover destination, and performs communication.
- the processing unit 34 is controlled to disconnect the connection between the first wireless I / F 31 and the first wireless communication network 15 that is the handover source.
- the handover control unit 36 transmits a handover completion notification indicating the fact to the telephone function unit 33 as the handover information.
- the HA 23 does not accept a transmission packet from the handover source after registering the IP address of the handover destination as the care-of address (second wireless CoA). For this reason, of the packets transmitted from the wireless communication device 11 to the HA 23 via the first wireless communication network 15 that is the handover source, the packet that arrives at the HA 23 after the handover request information reaches the HA 23 is lost. Become.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the occurrence of packet loss in this case.
- NEMO will be described as an example.
- the HA 23 receives the Binding Update from the wireless communication device (MN) 11 and registers the handover destination IP address as the care-of address (second wireless CoA). Only the packet will be accepted.
- the HA 23 does not receive a packet during a period from reception of Binding-Update until arrival of a packet from the handover destination, that is, a period of Tdup2 + Tddn2.
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates the packet flow before the handover.
- the transmission data 57 that is supposed to be lost due to handover is transmitted to the transmission buffer 57 in the telephone function unit 33.
- the transmission of data is controlled so as to be transmitted after the handover is completed.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an outline of data transmission processing at the time of handover by the telephone function unit 33.
- the packet transmitted from the wireless communication device (MN) 11 is lost in the period A corresponding to the lost period Tlost from the time Tws before Tsttlow before the time when the Binding Update is transmitted. For this reason, during this period A, the telephone function unit 33 lowers the encoding bit rate of the transmission data and accumulates a copy thereof in the transmission buffer 57 while transmitting the data.
- the telephone function unit 33 After that, when transmission of a packet from the handover destination is started, the telephone function unit 33 accumulates new data in the transmission buffer 57 and keeps data in the transmission buffer 57 until the packet in the transmission buffer 57 becomes zero. Is transmitted quickly (period B). Thereafter, the telephone function unit 33 encodes the transmission data at the normal encoding bit rate and stores it in the transmission buffer 57 until the communication is completed or until the period A by the next handover schedule is started. (Period C).
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation at the time of handover by the transmission control unit 56 of the telephone function unit 33.
- the data transmission process at the time of handover by the telephone function unit 33 will be described in more detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the handover information acquisition unit 55 of the telephone function unit 33 monitors the handover information from the handover control unit 36 at regular intervals. As a result, when the handover schedule determination information is acquired, the handover preparation time Ts, the handover source uplink absolute delay time Tdup1, the handover destination uplink and downlink absolute delay time Tdup2 are further required handover information from the handover control unit 36. And Tddn2 and handover destination predicted bandwidth Rbup2 are acquired, and the acquired required handover information is supplied to the transmission control unit 56. Thereafter, the handover information acquisition unit 55 monitors the handover schedule notification and the handover completion notification from the handover control unit 36 at regular intervals, supplies the received information to the transmission control unit 56, and acquires the handover completion notification. If so, the process returns to obtaining information on whether or not there is a handover schedule.
- the transmission control unit 56 When the transmission control unit 56 acquires the handover information from the handover information acquisition unit 55, the transmission control unit 56 transmits, to the communication device 12, handover information excluding information on the handover destination predicted band Rbup2 among the acquired information.
- the transmission control unit 56 acquires the handover information, first, the data storage start time in the transmission buffer 57, which is the start time Tws of the period A (see FIG. 8) in which the packet loss occurs, and the encoded bit at that time The rate R1 is calculated (step S11).
- the encoding bit rate R1 is obtained Rbup2 (bps), the reproduction speed VfV (sec / sec) with respect to the standard reproduction speed Vn after the handover of the communication device 12, the maximum capacity Sbf (bit) of the transmission buffer 57, the lost period
- Tlost (sec) is the standard encoding bit rate Rn (bps), (i) Sbf / Tlost and (ii) Rbup2 / Vf Select the maximum value.
- the encoding bit rate selected here may be set to a lower encoding bit rate with some margin in consideration of band fluctuations and the like.
- the reproduction speed Vf after the handover is set in advance as 1.25 times the standard reproduction speed Vn, for example, and is held by both, or notified from the communication apparatus 12 to the wireless communication apparatus 11 in advance.
- the transmission control unit 56 waits until the packet accumulation start time Tws (step S12).
- the transmission control unit 56 sets the encoding bit rate of the transmission data to the encoder 44.
- An instruction is given to lower the calculated encoding bit rate R1 (step S13).
- the transmission control unit 56 copies the transmission data received from the encoder 44 to the packet transmission unit 45 as it is, and accumulates it in the transmission buffer 57 (step S14).
- the silence data having a length of a certain length (for example, 500 msec) or more in the transmission data is compressed to the above-mentioned length.
- step S14 The processing in step S14 is performed until handover completion information is received from the HA 23 (step S15). Thereafter, when handover completion information is received (Yes in S15, start of period B), the transmission control unit 56 transmits the handover completion information to the communication device 12, and transmits the transmission data received from the encoder 44 to the packet transmission unit 45.
- the data (packet) stored in the transmission buffer 57 is transferred from the oldest to the packet transmission unit 45 at a high speed according to the band and transmitted to the communication device 12 while being stored in the transmission buffer 57 without being passed to (Step S16).
- the transmission control unit 56 monitors the number of packets in the transmission buffer 57 (step S17). As a result, when the packet in the transmission buffer 57 becomes 0 (Yes in S17, start of period C), the transmission control unit 56 instructs the encoder 44 to restore the encoding bit rate (step S18). The transmission data from the encoder 44 is transferred to the packet transmission unit 45 without being stored in the transmission buffer 57 and transmitted to the communication device 12 (step S19).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a state of a transmission / reception packet with the communication device 12 when the wireless communication device 11 according to the present embodiment performs transmission control at the time of handover.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a state of transmission / reception packets between the wireless communication apparatus and the communication apparatus 12 when the above transmission control is not performed at the time of handover for comparison with FIG. 11 and 12, (a) to (c) respectively indicate the received packet sequence number, the number of received packets per unit time, and the received data amount (byte) per unit time in the communication device 12, and (d) The encoding bit rate (bps) of the transmission data by the radio
- wireless communication apparatus 11 is shown.
- the radio communication apparatus (MN) 11 As is clear from the comparison between FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, the radio communication apparatus (MN) 11 according to the present embodiment accumulates transmission packets that will be lost at the time of handover on the radio communication apparatus 11 side and accumulates the transmission packets. Since the transmitted packet is transmitted after the handover, the lost packet that occurred in FIG. 12A does not occur in FIG. Therefore, the continuity of the text can be maintained on the communication device (CN) 12 side even at the time of handover, so that the user who listens to the voice does not feel uncomfortable.
- the encoding bit rate of transmission data is constant, but the wireless communication apparatus (MN) 11 according to the present embodiment accumulates packets as shown in FIG. 11 (d). During this time, the encoding bit rate is reduced. Therefore, thereafter, the accumulated packets can be transmitted more than usual without causing stagnation in a limited band. As a result, the receiving side communication device (CN) 12 reproduces packets received more than usual shown in FIGS. 11B and 11C at a higher speed than usual, thereby achieving the original absolute delay. Can return to playback. In addition, the wireless communication apparatus (MN) 11 can silently compress the stored packets, thereby reducing the overall data capacity and transmitting the stored packets faster.
- FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the communication device (CN) 12.
- the communication device 12 includes a network I / F (interface) 81 that connects to the Internet 18 via an Internet service provider (not shown), a communication processing unit 82 that controls connection to the network, and a telephone function unit that executes VoIP applications. 83.
- the communication processing unit 82 controls the connection of the network I / F 81 to the Internet 18 and executes communication between the telephone function unit 83 and the wireless communication device 11.
- FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the telephone function unit 83 of the communication device 12 shown in FIG.
- the telephone function unit 83 includes, for example, a soft phone, and has a button input unit 101, a screen display unit 102, a microphone 103, an encoder 104, a packet transmission unit 105, a packet reception unit 106, a jitter buffer, as in the configuration of a known soft phone. 107, a decoder 108, a speaker 109, a jitter buffer monitoring unit 110, a jitter buffer control unit 111, a SIP control unit 112, and an overall control unit 113 that controls the overall operation.
- the microphone 103 and the speaker 109 are constituted by, for example, a handset 12a as shown in FIG.
- the overall control unit 113 acquires user operation information via the button input unit 101 and the screen display unit 102, and controls the overall operation based on the acquired information.
- the SIP control unit 112 also controls SIP procedures for starting and ending a call.
- the audio data acquired from the microphone 103 is encoded by the encoder 104, and the encoded data is put into a packet from the packet transmission unit 105 and wirelessly transmitted through the communication processing unit 82 and the network I / F 81. It is transmitted to the communication device 11.
- a packet from the wireless communication apparatus 11 received by the packet receiving unit 106 via the communication processing unit 82 is once taken into the jitter buffer 107 and then read out.
- the read packet is loaded into the payload by the decoder 108.
- the portion is decoded and output as reproduced sound from the speaker 109.
- the reception status of packets in the jitter buffer 107 and the number of packets (data amount) in the jitter buffer 107 are monitored by the jitter buffer monitoring unit 110, and based on the monitoring result, the jitter buffer control unit 111 Processing such as a packet reading speed from the jitter buffer 107 and discarding of the received packet is controlled.
- the handover information acquisition unit 115 monitors the handover information from the wireless communication apparatus 11 transferred from the HA 23 at regular intervals. As a result, when there is handover schedule determination information, the handover information acquisition unit 115 further acquires the required handover information from the radio communication apparatus 11 and uses the acquired required handover information as the reproduction speed calculation unit 116. To supply.
- the reproduction speed calculation unit 116 reads the packet reading speed of the jitter buffer 107, that is, the received packet.
- the playback speed (here, the playback speed of the VoIP application) is calculated, and the calculation result is supplied to the jitter buffer control unit 111.
- the jitter buffer control unit 111 controls reading of the received packet from the jitter buffer 107 so that the playback speed of the received packet becomes the playback speed calculated by the playback speed calculation unit 116.
- FIG. 15 is a sequence diagram showing the operation of the main part of the telephone function unit 83.
- FIG. 16 is a sequence diagram showing a flow of handover information between the wireless communication device (MN) 11, the HA 23 and the communication device (CN) 12.
- MN wireless communication device
- CN communication device
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates the flow of packets before handover from the wireless communication apparatus 11 to the HA 23.
- the handover information acquisition unit 115 of the telephone function unit 83 monitors the handover information from the wireless communication apparatus 11 at regular intervals. As a result, when the handover schedule determination information is acquired, the handover preparation time Ts, the handover source upstream absolute delay time Tdup1, the handover destination upstream and downstream absolute delay times Tdup2 and Tddn2 from the wireless communication apparatus 11 are further acquired. And supplied to the reproduction speed calculation unit 116.
- the playback speed calculation unit 116 acquires the current accumulated packet count Tc (sec) in the jitter buffer 107 from the jitter buffer monitoring unit 110, and also acquires the absolute delay time Tdhc3 to HA23.
- the absolute delay time Tdhc3 to the HA 23 is set to 1 ⁇ 2 of the measured value by measuring the RTT (Round Trip Time) by transmitting / receiving a packet to / from the HA 23.
- the playback speed calculation unit 116 calculates the playback speed Vs (sec / sec) until the completion of the handover, that is, the time ratio with respect to the standard playback speed Vn based on the obtained information by the following formula.
- the reproduction speed Vs calculated by the reproduction speed calculation unit 116 is supplied to the jitter buffer control unit 111.
- the jitter buffer control unit 111 controls reading of the received packet from the jitter buffer 47 so as to reproduce the received packet at the calculated reproduction speed Vs lower than the standard reproduction speed Vn.
- the playback speed calculation unit 116 controls reading of the received packet from the jitter buffer 107 via the jitter buffer control unit 111 according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the playback speed calculation unit 116 when receiving the handover completion information, the playback speed calculation unit 116 periodically acquires the packet accumulation amount (number of packets) and the packet reception interval (reception speed) in the jitter buffer 107 from the jitter buffer control unit 111. (Step S21), it is monitored whether or not the packet accumulation amount in the jitter buffer 107 exceeds the standard accumulation amount (Step S22). As a result, when the standard accumulation amount is exceeded (Yes in S22), the playback speed control unit 116 calculates the average reception speed in a past fixed period (step S23), and the calculated reception speed is preset. It is determined whether or not 125% of the standard speed corresponding to the reproduction speed Vf (1.25) is exceeded (step S24).
- the reproduction speed calculation unit 116 instructs the jitter buffer control unit 111 to start high-speed reproduction at the reproduction speed Vf (Step S24).
- the reproduction speed calculation unit 116 instructs the jitter buffer control unit 111 to start high-speed reproduction at the reproduction speed Vf (Step S24).
- step S27 determines whether or not the reception speed is the standard speed (100%). As a result, if the standard speed is exceeded (Yes in S27), the playback speed calculation unit 116 starts high-speed playback at the same speed as the reception speed calculated in step S23 with respect to the jitter buffer control unit 111. Instructed (step S28), the process proceeds to step S26.
- the reproduction speed calculation unit 116 continues to regularly monitor the accumulation amount of the jitter buffer 107 and the packet reception interval (reception speed) thereafter.
- step S26 when the packet accumulation amount in the jitter buffer 107 becomes standard (Yes in S26), it is determined whether or not the average packet reception interval (reception speed) is within a certain range from the standard value (step S29). ). As a result, when the packet accumulation amount is standard and the packet reception interval is within a certain range (Yes in S29), the jitter buffer control unit 111 is instructed to return the jitter buffer 107 to normal control (step S30). Then, the control at the time of handover is terminated. If the average reception speed calculated in step S23 does not exceed the standard speed in step S27 (No in S27), the process proceeds to step S30 and similarly returns the jitter buffer 107 to normal control. .
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining packet reproduction control by the communication device 12 described above.
- 18A shows the number of packets received by the jitter buffer 107 per unit time
- FIG. 18B shows the amount of packets stored in the jitter buffer 107
- FIG. 18C shows the playback speed.
- the jitter buffer 107 receives the number of packets larger than 125% of the standard number of received packets, and thereafter In this example, the number of packets equal to the standard number of received packets is received.
- the packet accumulation amount Tn indicates a standard accumulation amount corresponding to the standard reproduction speed Vn.
- the communication device 12 determines the application reproduction speed from the standard reproduction speed Vn based on the handover information including the handover schedule notification, in the jitter buffer 107 at the reception start time of the packet from the handover destination. Is reduced to a constant reproduction speed Vs at which the number of packets becomes zero. After that, it is confirmed that the handover is completed and the packet accumulation amount and the packet reception interval in the jitter buffer 107 have returned to the standard, and the standard reproduction speed Vn is restored.
- the application can be played back at a constant playback speed that is closer to the standard playback speed, so that the playback quality and real-time performance are not degraded. .
- the packet playback speed control at the playback speed Vs lower than the standard playback speed Vn by the jitter buffer controller 111 is, for example, the first playback speed control method or the second playback speed control method described below. Execute by either.
- First playback speed control method TR1 is the packet reading interval from the jitter buffer 107 with respect to the standard playback speed Vn, (Tb + Tc) / (Tb + Ta) is k, and the jitter corresponding to the calculated playback speed Vs.
- TR TR1 / k.
- the [ ⁇ Vn / (Vn-Vs) ⁇ -1] -th read packet is copied and stored in the memory in the decoder 108, and the copy source packet is stored. After reproduction, the copied packet is read and reproduced at the next reproduction timing.
- the playback speed Vs is set to 80% of the standard playback speed Vn, as shown in FIG. 19, the sequential four packets P1 to P4 in the jitter buffer 107 are sequentially read and played back, The fourth packet P4 is copied, and the copied packet P4 ′ is reproduced at the next reproduction timing after reproducing the copy source packet P4.
- the TD is increased by the reproduction interval time by copying. If the [ ⁇ Vn / (Vn ⁇ Vs) ⁇ ⁇ 1] -th packet to be read has not arrived or has been discarded and is not in the jitter buffer 107, the packet at the next reproduction timing is The same processing is performed.
- the communication device 12 appropriately responds to a state in which a period in which packets do not arrive occurs at the time of handover of the wireless communication device 11, and then the accumulated packets arrive from the wireless communication device 11 at high speed. Thus, packets can be played back at an optimum speed.
- the case where a packet is transmitted from the wireless communication apparatus 11 to the communication apparatus 12 via the HA 23 using mobile IP reverse tunneling or NEMO is exemplified.
- Lost of the transmission packet from the device 11 to the communication device 12 optimizes the route with Mobile IPv6, and also when the packet is directly transmitted and received between the wireless communication device 11 and the communication device 12, This also occurs due to the difference in delay time. Accordingly, even in such a case, the packet loss can be prevented by accumulating the packets transmitted by the wireless communication apparatus 11 at the time of handover and transmitting the accumulated packets after the handover in the same manner as in the above embodiment. it can.
- the transmission packets in this period may be stored in the transmission buffer 57 and transmitted at high speed after the handover is completed.
- the period during which the HA 23 does not receive a packet from the wireless communication apparatus 11 due to handover is Tdup2 + Tddn2.
- the reproduction speed calculation unit 116 calculates the reproduction speed Vs
- the number of packets in the jitter buffer 107 is zero at the start of packet reception from the handover destination.
- the playback speed Vs can also be calculated so that the number of packets in the jitter buffer 107 becomes a predetermined number at the start of reception of packets from the handover destination.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a communication network that can be used by the communication apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication network shown in FIG. 20 has the same configuration as that in FIG.
- the wireless communication device (MN) 121 that is a mobile node can be handed over between the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16, and the communication device (CN) 122 that is the opposite node , VoIP, which is a real-time communication system application, is assumed to make a call.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components as those in the communication network shown in FIG.
- the communication device 122 is composed of, for example, a personal computer to which a handset 122a is connected and a soft phone as a telephone function unit is installed, and is connected to the Internet 18 as a communication network through an Internet service provider (not shown).
- the wireless communication device 121 registers the IP address of the first wireless communication network 15 in the HA 23 as a care-of address (first wireless CoA), and communicates with the communication device 122 via the first wireless communication network 15. It is assumed that handover is performed from the current state to the second wireless communication network 16.
- FIG. 21 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the wireless communication apparatus 121 shown in FIG. Similarly to the wireless communication device 11 illustrated in FIG. 2, the wireless communication device 121 includes a first wireless I / F (interface) 131 corresponding to the first wireless communication network 15 and a second wireless communication network 16 corresponding to the second wireless communication network 16.
- a wireless information acquisition unit 135 that acquires wireless information of the second wireless communication network 16, and a handover control unit 136 that controls a handover between the first wireless communication network 15 and the second wireless communication network 16.
- the communication processing unit 134 makes a call between the telephone function unit 133 and the communication device 122 via the first wireless communication network 15 or the second wireless communication network 16.
- the connection of the first wireless I / F 131 or the second wireless I / F 132 is controlled so as to communicate with the HA 23 under the control of the handover control unit 136.
- the wireless information acquisition unit 135 receives the first wireless communication network 15 and the corresponding wireless information from the first wireless I / F 131 and the second wireless I / F 132 as wireless information.
- the communication quality (for example, RSSI) of the second wireless communication network 16 is acquired, and the acquired communication quality is supplied to the handover control unit 136.
- the handover control unit 136 Based on the communication quality from the radio information acquisition unit 135, the handover control unit 136 generates handover information including a decision whether to schedule a handover, that is, whether to start preparation for handover, and the handover information Based on the above, handover is controlled.
- the handover control unit 136 for example, in the same way as the handover control unit 36 shown in FIG. 2, the communication quality acquired from the first wireless I / F 131 and the second wireless I / F 132 via the wireless information acquisition unit 135, respectively. Based on the above, the handover schedule is determined.
- Up and down absolute delay times Tdup2 (sec) and Tddn2 (sec) between the radio communication apparatus 121 and the HA 23 in the handover destination radio communication network (here, the second radio communication network 16), and the handover of the HA 23 is completed.
- the handover destination information when the handover request information arrives at the HA 23 And acquires the calculated bandwidth Rbdn2 (bps) of the downlink on line communication network.
- the handover control unit 136 supplies the acquired information as necessary handover information to the telephone function unit 133 including handover schedule determination information indicating schedule determination of handover.
- the telephone function unit 133 selectively transmits the handover information acquired from the handover control unit 136 to the communication device 12 via the HA 23 as a handover advance notice message according to the comparison result of absolute delay time described later.
- the handover preparation time Ts, handover source uplink and downlink absolute delay times Tdup1 and Tddn1, handover destination uplink and downlink absolute delay times Tdup2 and Tddn2, and handover destination predicted bandwidth Rbdn2 by the handover control unit 36 are, for example, Each is acquired by the acquisition method described in the first embodiment.
- the handover preparation time Ts is acquired by the acquisition method described with reference to FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
- the absolute delay times Tdup1, Tddn1, Tdup2, and Tddn2 are acquired by any one of the first to third absolute delay time acquisition methods, and are stored in a memory (not shown) in the handover control unit 136 for each radio communication network. ).
- the reception time of the measurement packet from the HA 23 received via the first wireless I / F 131 and the second wireless I / F 132, and the time of the measurement packet From the stamp the absolute delay times Tdup1, Tddn1, Tdup2, and Tddn2 of the corresponding network are measured.
- the absolute delay times Tdup1, Tdup2, and Tddn2 are acquired by the above [Equation 2] and [Equation 3], and the absolute delay time Tddn1 is obtained by the following equation. get.
- the downlink predicted bandwidth Rbdn2 of the handover destination is obtained by predicting the downlink radio state in the handover destination radio communication network when the handover of the HA 23 is completed.
- the handover control unit 136 stores, for example, a conversion table between the radio state (communication quality) and the throughput (predicted bandwidth) as shown in FIG.
- the handover control unit 36 linearly predicts the handover destination radio status at the completion of the handover based on the handover destination radio status at the time when the handover schedule is determined and the handover destination radio status a predetermined time before that time. Then, based on the predicted radio state, the handover destination predicted bandwidth Rbdn2 at the time of handover completion is acquired from the conversion table of FIG.
- the handover completion time is determined from the handover schedule determination time to the handover preparation time Ts and the uplink between the HA 23 and the radio communication device 11 in the handover destination radio communication network (here, the second radio communication network 16).
- the absolute delay time Trup2 is added.
- the handover control unit 136 sets the handover preparation time Ts, the handover source uplink and downlink absolute delay times Tdup1 and Tddn1, the handover destination uplink and downlink absolute delay times Tdup2 and Tddn2, and the handover destination downlink predicted bandwidth Rbdn2.
- the acquired information is supplied to the telephone function unit 133 as required handover information together with handover schedule determination information indicating handover schedule determination.
- the handover control unit 136 determines a handover schedule, the handover control unit 136 executes a handover process.
- FIG. 22 is a sequence diagram for explaining a handover process between the wireless communication apparatus 121 and the HA 23.
- the handover control unit 136 of the wireless communication apparatus (MN) 121 determines a handover schedule
- the handover control unit 136 controls the communication processing unit 134 to transfer the second wireless I / F 132 to the second wireless communication network 16. Connecting. Thereafter, when the handover preparation time Ts elapses, the handover control unit 136 transmits a Registration request (handling update in NEMO) to the HA 23 via the second wireless communication network 16 that is the handover destination.
- a Registration request (handling update in NEMO)
- the HA 23 Upon receipt of the handover request information, the HA 23 registers the IP address of the handover destination as a care-of address (second wireless CoA), and registers Registration Reply (Binding Acknowledge in NEMO) as the second wireless communication network. 16 to the wireless communication apparatus 121 via Note that the HA 23 registers only one care-of address with the wireless communication apparatus 121. Therefore, the care-of address of the handover destination (second radio CoA) is registered by overwriting the care-of address of the handover source (first radio CoA) already registered.
- the handover control unit 136 starts transmission / reception of a packet by the second wireless communication network 16 at the handover destination and performs communication.
- the processing unit 134 is controlled to disconnect the connection between the first wireless I / F 31 and the first wireless communication network 15 that is the handover source.
- the handover control unit 136 transmits a handover completion notification indicating that to the telephone function unit 133 as the handover information.
- the wireless communication device (MN) 121 receives the packet transferred from the HA 23 to the first wireless communication network 15 of the handover source after disconnecting the first wireless I / F 131 of the handover source from the first wireless communication network 15. It becomes impossible and the lost packet occurs.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining the occurrence of packet loss in this case.
- NEMO will be described as an example.
- Tddn1 of the handover source downlink is longer than the absolute delay time Tddn2 of the handover destination downlink, (Tddn1-Tddn2) from the time when the wireless communication device (MN) 121 receives BindingckAck.
- the packet transmitted from the first wireless communication network 15 that is the handover source in the previous period cannot be received by the wireless communication apparatus (MN) 121, and this period (Tddn1-Tddn2) becomes the lost period Tlost of the packet.
- the communication device (CN) 122 assumes that the transmission timing of the data Dat (n1) transmitted first in the lost period Tlost is T1, and the transmission timing of the data Dat (n2) transmitted last is T2.
- CN) 122 receives a handover notice message Msg (HO) from the wireless communication apparatus (MN) 121 via HA 23, and until a transmission timing T1 of data Dat (n1), Tlowstt (sec) is a handover notice.
- the absolute delay time Tdn with the HA 23 can be obtained by transmitting / receiving a packet to / from the HA 23, measuring RTT (Round Trip Time), and halving the measured value.
- the telephone function unit 133 When the telephone function unit 133 obtains the handover information from the handover control unit 136, it compares the downlink absolute delay times Tddn1 and Tddn2 of the handover source and the handover destination, and if Tddn1> Tddn2, A handover notice message is transmitted to the communication device (CN) 122 via the HA 23.
- the communication device (CN) 122 based on the handover information from the wireless communication device (MN) 121 and the absolute delay time Tdn with the HA 23 described above, the transmission data that is supposed to be lost due to the handover is Data is stored in the communication device (CN) 122 and data transmission is controlled so that the wireless communication device 121 can receive the data after the handover is completed.
- the absolute delay time Tdn with the HA 23 may be measured in advance and stored in the communication device (CN) 122, or measured by receiving handover information from the wireless communication device (MN) 121. You may make it do.
- FIG. 24 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the communication device (CN) 122.
- the communication device 122 includes a network I / F (interface) 181 that connects to the Internet 18 via an Internet service provider (not shown), a communication processing unit 182 that controls connection to the network, and a telephone function unit that executes VoIP applications. 183.
- the communication processing unit 182 controls the connection of the network I / F 181 to the Internet 18 and executes communication between the telephone function unit 183 and the wireless communication device 121. Therefore, the network I / F 181 and the communication processing unit 182 constitute a communication unit.
- FIG. 25 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the telephone function unit 183 of the communication device 122 shown in FIG.
- the telephone function unit 183 includes, for example, a soft phone, and has a configuration of a known soft phone, like the communication device 12 illustrated in FIG. 14, and includes a button input unit 141, a screen display unit 142, a microphone 143, an encoder 144, a packet The transmitter 145, the packet receiver 146, the jitter buffer 147, the decoder 148, the speaker 149, the jitter buffer monitor 150, the jitter buffer controller 151, the SIP controller 152, and the overall controller 153 that controls the overall operation.
- the microphone 143 and the speaker 149 are configured by a handset 122a as shown in FIG. 20, for example.
- the overall control unit 153 acquires user operation information via the button input unit 141 and the screen display unit 142, and controls the overall operation based on the acquired information.
- the SIP control unit 152 controls SIP procedures for starting and ending a call.
- the audio data acquired from the microphone 143 is encoded by the encoder 144 which is an encoding unit, and the encoded data is put into a packet from the packet transmission unit 145, and the communication processing unit 182 and the network I
- the data is transmitted to the wireless communication apparatus 121 via / F181.
- a packet from the wireless communication apparatus 121 received by the packet receiving unit 146 via the communication processing unit 182 is once taken into the jitter buffer 147 and read out.
- the read packet is loaded into the payload by the decoder 148.
- the portion is decoded and output as reproduced sound from the speaker 149.
- the reception status of packets in the jitter buffer 147 and the number of packets (data amount) in the jitter buffer 147 are monitored by the jitter buffer monitoring unit 150. Based on the monitoring result, the jitter buffer control unit 51 Processing such as a packet reading speed from the jitter buffer 47 and discarding of the received packet is controlled.
- the telephone function unit 183 has the same configuration as the telephone function unit 33 of the wireless communication apparatus 11 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the handover information acquisition unit 155 monitors handover notification messages from the wireless communication apparatus 121 at regular intervals, and acquires handover schedule determination information for determining a handover schedule. When the handover schedule determination information is acquired, the handover information acquisition unit 155 further acquires the required handover information from the radio communication apparatus 121 and supplies the acquired required handover information to the transmission control unit 156. .
- the transmission control unit 156 controls the encoding bit rate of transmission data by the encoder 144 and the transmission of data from the encoder 144 to the packet transmission unit 145. That is, the transmission control unit 156 directly transmits the data encoded by the encoder 44 to the packet transmission unit 145 in a normal call state in which handover information is not supplied from the handover information acquisition unit 155. On the other hand, when handover information is supplied from the handover information acquisition unit 155, the transmission control unit 156 acquires the absolute delay time Tdn and performs handover based on the absolute delay time Tdn and the handover information. Is stored in the transmission buffer 157, and the stored data is controlled to be transmitted to the packet transmission unit 145 after the handover is completed. The transmission control by the transmission control unit 156 will be described later.
- telephone function unit 183 constitutes an execution unit that executes a real-time communication system application and a control unit that controls transmission of data of the application.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining an outline of data transmission processing at the time of handover by the telephone function unit 183.
- the packet transmitted from the communication device (CN) 122 is the lost period Tlost in which the period Tlowstt (sec) has elapsed from the time when the handover notice message Msg (HO) is received from the wireless communication device (MN) 121. Lost in (period A). For this reason, during this period A, the telephone function unit 183 lowers the encoding bit rate of the transmission data and accumulates a copy thereof in the transmission buffer 157 while transmitting the data.
- the telephone function unit 183 stores the data in the transmission buffer 157 until the packet in the transmission buffer 157 reaches 0 while accumulating new data in the transmission buffer 157. Is transmitted quickly (period B). Thereafter, the telephone function unit 183 encodes the transmission data at the normal encoding bit rate and stores it in the transmission buffer 157 until the communication is completed or until the period A by the next handover schedule is started. (Period C).
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing the operation at the time of handover by the transmission control unit 156 of the telephone function unit 183.
- the data transmission processing at the time of handover by the telephone function unit 183 will be described in more detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the handover information acquisition unit 155 of the telephone function unit 183 monitors the handover information from the wireless communication device (MN) 121 transferred from the HA 23 at regular intervals.
- the required handover information is the handover preparation time Ts, the handover source uplink absolute delay times Tdup1 and Tddn1, the handover destination uplink and downlink absolute delay times Tdup2 and Tddn2, the handover destination predicted bandwidth Rbdn2 Is acquired (step S111), and the acquired required handover information is supplied to the transmission control unit 156.
- the transmission control unit 156 acquires the handover information, first, the time Tlowstt from the time when the handover notice message Msg (HO) is received to the period A in which packet loss occurs (see FIG. 26), the lost period Tlost of the packet that is the period A And the encoding bit rate R1 are calculated (step S112).
- the time Tlowstt is calculated based on the equation shown in Equation 4 above, and the lost period Tlost is calculated from (Tddn1-Tddn2).
- the encoding bit rate R1 is obtained Rbdn2 (bps)
- the reproduction speed Vf sec / sec
- the maximum capacity Sbf (bit) of the transmission buffer 157 the maximum capacity of the transmission buffer 157 .
- Lost period Tlost sec
- standard encoding bit rate Rn bps
- Sbf / Tlost Sbf / Tlost
- Rbdn2 / Vf Select the maximum bit rate.
- the encoding bit rate selected here may be set to a lower encoding bit rate with some margin in consideration of band fluctuations and the like.
- the reproduction speed Vf after the handover is set in advance as, for example, 1.25 times the standard reproduction speed Vn and is held by both, or notified from the communication apparatus 122 to the wireless communication apparatus 121 in advance.
- the transmission control unit 156 waits for the Tlowstt time (step S113), and when the Tlowstt time has elapsed (start of the lost period Tlost), the encoding bit rate obtained by calculating the encoding bit rate of the transmission data to the encoder 144.
- the transmission data received from the encoder 144 is transferred to the packet transmission unit 145 as it is, and the transmission data is copied and stored in the transmission buffer 157 (step S114).
- the silence data having a length of a certain length (for example, 500 msec) or more in the transmission data is compressed to the above-mentioned length.
- step S114 The process of step S114 is performed until the lost period Tlost ends (step S115).
- the transmission control unit 156 transmits the transmission received from the encoder 144. While storing the data in the transmission buffer 157 without passing the data to the packet transmission unit 145, the data (packets) stored in the transmission buffer 157 is transferred from the oldest to the packet transmission unit 145 at a high speed according to the bandwidth. It transmits to the radio
- MN wireless communication apparatus
- the transmission control unit 156 monitors the number of packets in the transmission buffer 157 (step S117). As a result, when the packet in the transmission buffer 157 becomes 0 (Yes in S117, the start of period C), the transmission control unit 156 instructs the encoder 144 to restore the encoding bit rate (step S118). The transmission data from the encoder 144 is transferred to the packet transmission unit 145 without being stored in the transmission buffer 157 and transmitted to the wireless communication device (MN) 121 (step S119).
- MN wireless communication device
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a state of a received packet in the wireless communication device when transmission control is performed at the time of handover by the communication device 122 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating a state of a received packet in the wireless communication apparatus when the above transmission control is not performed at the time of handover. 28 and 29, (a) shows the sequence number of the received packet, (b) shows the number of received packets per unit time, and (c) shows the received data amount (byte) per unit time.
- the communication device (CN) 122 As is clear from the comparison between FIG. 28 and FIG. 29, the communication device (CN) 122 according to the present embodiment accumulates in the transmission buffer 157 packets that the wireless communication device (MN) 121 will lose at the time of handover. Then, since the accumulated packets are transmitted so that the wireless communication apparatus (MN) 121 can receive them after handover, the lost packets that occurred in FIG. 29A do not occur in FIG. Therefore, even at the time of handover, the continuity of the text can be maintained on the wireless communication device (MN) 121 side that is the communication partner, so that the user who listens to the voice does not feel uncomfortable.
- the communication device (CN) 122 since the communication device (CN) 122 according to the present embodiment reduces the encoding bit rate by the encoder 144 while accumulating lost packets, the accumulated packets are limited thereafter. It is possible to transmit more than usual without causing retention in the band. Therefore, the receiving-side wireless communication device (MN) 121 reproduces packets received more than usual shown in FIGS. 28 (b) and (c) at a higher speed than usual, thereby achieving the original absolute delay. Can return to playback. Further, by silently compressing the packet stored in the transmission buffer 157, the overall data capacity can be reduced, and the stored packet can be transmitted faster.
- FIG. 30 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the telephone function unit 133 of the wireless communication apparatus 121.
- FIG. 31 is a sequence diagram showing the operation of the main part of the telephone function unit 133.
- the telephone function unit 133 is made of, for example, a known soft phone, and similarly to the telephone function unit 183 of the communication apparatus 122 shown in FIG.
- a control unit 213 is included.
- the overall control unit 213 acquires user operation information via the button input unit 201 and the screen display unit 202, and controls the overall operation based on the acquired information.
- the SIP control unit 212 also controls SIP procedures for starting and ending a call.
- the audio data acquired from the microphone 203 is encoded by the encoder 204, and the encoded data is put into a packet from the packet transmission unit 205 and transmitted to the communication device 122 via the communication processing unit 134.
- the packet from the communication device 122 received by the packet receiving unit 206 via the communication processing unit 134 is once fetched into the jitter buffer 207 and read out. Are decoded and output as reproduced sound from the speaker 209.
- the jitter buffer monitoring unit 210 monitors the reception status of packets in the jitter buffer 207 and the number of packets (data amount) in the jitter buffer 207. Based on the monitoring result, the jitter buffer monitoring unit 210 The controller 211 controls processing such as the packet reading speed from the jitter buffer 207 and discarding of received packets.
- the wireless communication apparatus 121 shown in FIG. 20 is further provided with a telephone function unit 133, a handover information acquisition unit 215, and a playback speed calculation unit 216. That is, the telephone function unit 133 has the same configuration as the telephone function unit 83 of the communication device 12 shown in FIG.
- the handover information acquisition unit 215 monitors the handover information from the handover control unit 136 at regular intervals, and when there is handover information, as described above, the handover source included in the handover information And the absolute delay times Tddn1 and Tddn2 of the downlink of the handover destination are compared, and when Tddn1> Tddn2, the acquired handover information is transmitted to the communication device 122 as a handover notice message.
- the handover information acquisition unit 215 further monitors the handover completion notification included in the handover information when Tddn1> Tddn2, and when receiving the handover completion notification, the reproduction speed calculation unit 216 is notified. As a result, the playback speed calculation unit 216 notifies the jitter buffer control unit 211 to play back at a predetermined speed Vf that is faster than the standard playback speed Vn (for example, 1.25 times the standard playback speed Vn).
- the playback speed calculation unit 216 acquires the packet accumulation amount and the packet reception interval in the jitter buffer 207 from the jitter buffer monitoring unit 210 at regular intervals, and the packet reception interval corresponds to the reception interval of the standard playback speed Vn.
- the packet accumulation amount is equal to or less than the standard packet accumulation amount as described above, the jitter buffer control unit 211 is instructed to return to the normal reproduction control.
- the handover information acquisition unit 215 does not generate a packet loss due to handover when the absolute delay times Tddn1 and Tddn2 of the handover source and the handover destination included in the acquired handover information are Tddn1 ⁇ Tddn2.
- the handover notification message is not transmitted to the communication device 122, and even when the handover completion notification is received, the playback speed calculation unit 216 is not notified of this. Therefore, in this case, the jitter buffer control unit 211 reproduces the packet in the jitter buffer 207 by normal control based on the monitoring result by the jitter buffer monitoring unit 210.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining packet reproduction control by the wireless communication apparatus 121 described above.
- FIG. 32A shows the number of packets received by the jitter buffer 207 per unit time
- FIG. 32B shows jitter.
- the amount of packets stored in the buffer 207, FIG. 32 (c) shows the playback speed.
- the communication device 122 accumulates transmission data that is supposed to be lost due to handover, and transmits the data at a high speed at a timing that can be received by the wireless communication device 121 after the handover is completed.
- the playback speed is set to a speed Vf higher than the standard playback speed Vn. Therefore, the packet accumulation amount in the jitter buffer 207 is unit time. After the number of received packets returns to the standard, it gradually decreases, and when the standard accumulation amount is reached, the playback speed also returns to the standard playback speed Vn.
- the wireless communication device (MN) 121 determines a handover schedule
- the wireless communication device (MN) 121 transmits a handover notification message to the communication device (CN) 122 according to the present embodiment.
- the communication device 122 receives the handover advance notice message from the wireless communication device 121, estimates transmission data that is thought to be lost due to the handover based on the handover information included in the handover advance notice message, and the estimated transmission Data is stored in the transmission buffer 157, and is transmitted to the wireless communication apparatus 121 at a speed matching the wireless band after the handover is completed.
- the transmission data accumulation start by the transmission buffer 157 is determined by the transmission control unit 156 calculating the transmission data accumulation start timing that is considered to be lost based on the timing of the received handover notice message. For this reason, in order to more accurately estimate and accumulate the packet that seems to be lost, the accumulation start timing calculated by the transmission control unit 156 and the lost timing generated by the handover actually performed by the wireless communication apparatus 11 are set. It is preferable to make them match exactly. As the method, the following two methods can be considered.
- the accumulation start message is transmitted from the wireless communication apparatus 121 so that the accumulation start message reaches the communication apparatus 122 at the timing when the transmission buffer 157 of the communication apparatus 122 starts the accumulation process.
- the timing cycle of the communication device 122 is synchronized with the timing cycle of the wireless communication device 121.
- an accumulation start message is sent from the wireless communication apparatus 121 to the communication apparatus 122 before the transmission delay time from the wireless communication apparatus 121 to the communication apparatus 122 from the accumulation start timing. That's fine. In this way, if handover is performed during the time measurement in the wireless communication apparatus 121, there is no theoretical error.
- the wireless communication device 121 sends both a prior handover notice message and a previous accumulation start message, and the communication device 122 monitors the stay from the reception state of the packet, When it is determined that no retention has occurred, priority is given to the previous accumulation start message, and when it is determined that retention has occurred, accumulation is performed in accordance with the scheduled accumulation start timing based on the handover notice message. It is preferable to start.
- the communication device 122 receives the wireless state from the wireless communication device 121 for a certain period, measures the RTP packet reception period in a state where the wireless state is determined to be good, and performs the measurement. It is conceivable to synchronize the timing period of the communication apparatus 122 with the wireless communication apparatus 121 using the received reception period as the correction period. Accordingly, the communication device 122 can start accumulation by correcting the accumulation start timing calculated by the wireless communication device 121.
- the timing cycle of the communication device 122 is corrected using the RTP packet from the wireless communication device 121, for example, in a VoIP application, basically, an audio RTP packet is transmitted at a constant cycle, and the wireless state is When it is favorable, the jitter is small, so that the timing periods of the wireless communication device 121 and the communication device 122 can be accurately synchronized.
- the handover schedule is changed on the wireless communication apparatus 121 side, a message to that effect is sent from the wireless communication apparatus 121 to the communication apparatus 122. Then, the operation of the communication device 122 is corrected according to the scheduled change of the handover. For example, if the wireless communication apparatus 121 detects that a stagnation has occurred from a packet that has arrived at the wireless communication apparatus 121 before the handover after sending a handover notification message to the communication apparatus 122, the wireless communication apparatus 121 A message indicating the occurrence of stagnation is sent.
- the communication apparatus 122 sets an estimated accumulation capacity within a range not exceeding the set maximum accumulation time (the maximum capacity Sbf of the transmission buffer 157). Further increase, and accumulation starts at a timing going back from the initial accumulation start timing. Then, the encoding bit rate is recalculated with the increased accumulation time.
- the accumulation time Tlost is set to 200 (msec). Is set.
- the maximum capacity Sbf of the transmission buffer 157 is set to 500 (msec)
- the amount is increased by 300 (msec) with respect to the previous accumulation start timing T1 so that the accumulation time becomes 500 (msec).
- Accumulation starts at the timing of (T1-300) (msec) retroactive.
- the packet when packet retention occurs on the wireless route near the handover, the packet is accumulated including the remaining amount, and the accumulated packet is transmitted using the handover destination route.
- the non-transmission state (gap) itself due to the retention of the handover source cannot be compensated for, but the number of lost packets during that time can be reduced.
- a playback speed calculation unit 216 included in the telephone function unit 133 of the wireless communication apparatus 121 shown in FIG. 30 is added to the telephone function unit 33 of the wireless communication apparatus 11 according to the first embodiment, and at the time of handover.
- a wireless communication apparatus that performs both the transmission control and the reproduction control described above can be configured.
- a playback speed calculation unit 116 included in the telephone function unit 83 of the communication apparatus 12 illustrated in FIG. 14 is added to the telephone function unit 183 of the communication apparatus 122 according to the second embodiment, and the above-described operation is performed at the time of handover. It is possible to configure a communication device that performs both transmission control and reproduction control.
- the present invention is not limited to the case of executing a VoIP application, but can be effectively applied to the case of executing a real-time communication application such as streaming transmission of multimedia data such as video and music.
- the application execution unit may be configured by a multimedia function unit having a similar transmission control function instead of the telephone function unit.
- the present invention is not limited to handover between cdma2000 1xEV-DO and a wireless LAN, but other wireless communication networks such as PDC (Personal Digital Cellular), W-CDMA (Wideband) CDMA), PHS (Personal Handy-
- PDC Personal Digital Cellular
- W-CDMA Wideband
- PHS Personal Handy-
- the present invention can be effectively applied to handover between any different wireless communication networks such as phone (System), Bluetooth, WiMAX, LTE (Long Term Evolution), UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), and IMT-Advanced.
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Abstract
Description
第1無線通信ネットワーク、および該第1無線通信ネットワークと異なる第2無線通信ネットワークに接続して無線通信を実行する無線通信部と、
該無線通信部を介してリアルタイム通信系のアプリケーションを実行する実行部と、
前記第1無線通信ネットワークに接続して前記アプリケーションを実行中に、当該第1無線通信ネットワークにおける無線リンクの通信品質を取得する通信品質取得部と、
該通信品質取得部により取得した前記通信品質に基づいて、前記第1無線通信ネットワークから前記第2無線通信ネットワークへのハンドオーバの準備を開始するか否かを決定する決定部と、
前記決定部によりハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記第1無線通信ネットワークを介してデータを送信するとともに、該データを所定時間蓄積し、ハンドオーバ後に、該蓄積したデータを前記第2無線通信ネットワークを介して送信するよう制御する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とするものである。
前記アプリケーションの実行中に、前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記通信品質取得部が取得した通信品質に基づいてハンドオーバを開始するまでのハンドオーバ準備時間を推定する推定部と、
前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間を計測する計測部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記計測部により計測した前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間と、前記推定部により推定した前記ハンドオーバ準備時間とに基づいて、前記データを蓄積する開始時間を決定することを特徴とするものである。
前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間を計測する計測部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記計測部により計測した前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間に基づいて、前記データを蓄積する所定時間を決定することを特徴とするものである。
送信データを符号化する符号化部を備え、
該符号化部は、前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定する前の符号化ビットレートよりも低いレートで、前記蓄積するデータを符号化することを特徴とするものである。
通信ネットワークに接続して通信を実行する通信部と、
該通信部を介してリアルタイム通信系のアプリケーションを実行する実行部と、
前記アプリケーションの通信相手である無線通信装置が、通信中の第1無線通信ネットワークから該第1無線通信ネットワークと異なる第2無線通信ネットワークヘハンドオーバするハンドオーバの情報を前記無線通信装置から受信すると、前記通信ネットワークを介してデータを送信するとともに、該データを所定時間蓄積し、前記無線通信装置のハンドオーバ後に、該蓄積したデータを前記無線通信装置へ送信するよう制御する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とするものである。
前記制御部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報に含まれる、ハンドオーバの準備時間と、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間と、前記通信ネットワークにおける遅延時間とに基づいて、前記データを蓄積する開始時間を決定することを特徴とするものである。
前記制御部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報に含まれる、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間に基づいて、前記データを蓄積する所定時間を決定することを特徴とするものである。
前記制御部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報に含まれる、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間に基づいて、前記データを蓄積する所定時間を決定することを特徴とするものである。
送信データを符号化する符号化部を備え、
前記符号化部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報を受信する前の符号化ビットレートよりも低いレートで、前記蓄積するデータを符号化することを特徴とするものである。
12 通信装置
12a 送受話器
15 第1無線通信ネットワーク
15a 基地局
16 第2無線通信ネットワーク
16a アクセスポイント
18 インターネット
21,22,24 SIPサーバ
23 ホームエージェント(HA)
31 第1無線I/F
32 第2無線I/F
33 電話機能部
34 通信処理部
35 無線情報取得部
36 ハンドオーバ制御部
44 エンコーダ
47 ジッタバッファ
50 ジッタバッファ監視部
51 ジッタバッファ制御部
55 ハンドオーバ情報取得部
56 送信制御部
57 送信バッファ
61 計測用サーバ
62 第1インフォメーションサーバ
63 第2インフォメーションサーバ
121 無線通信装置
122 通信装置
122a 送受話器
144 エンコーダ
147 ジッタバッファ
150 ジッタバッファ監視部
151 ジッタバッファ制御部
155 ハンドオーバ情報取得部
156 送信制御部
157 送信バッファ
181 ネットワークI/F
182 通信処理部
183 電話機能部
図1は、本発明の第1実施の形態に係る無線通信装置が使用可能な通信ネットワークの概略構成を示す図である。図1において、移動ノードである無線通信装置(MN)11は、対向ノードである通信装置(CN)12との間で、リアルタイム通信系のアプリケーションであるVoIPによる通話を行うものとする。無線通信装置11は、第1無線通信ネットワーク15と第2無線通信ネットワーク16との間で、ハンドオーバが可能となっている。第1無線通信ネットワーク15および第2無線通信ネットワーク16は、インターネット18に結合されている。
ハンドオーバ準備時間Tsは、例えば、図4(a)および(b)に示すように、通信品質を決定する無線状態(Rs)の単位時間の変化率ΔRs(傾き)に基づいて算出する。ここで、変化率ΔRsは、無線状態がハンドオーバ予定決定閾値を下回ってハンドオーバ予定を決定した時点で計測して取得することもできるが、本実施の形態では、当該通話中において、ハンドオーバの予定決定時点から所定時間前までの変化率平均値ΔRsrmsを取得する。
[数1]
ΔRs(t)=|{Rs(t)-Rs(t-Δt)}/Δt|
無線通信装置11とHA23との間のハンドオーバ元上り絶対遅延時間Tdup1、ハンドオーバ先上りおよび下り絶対遅延時間Tdup2およびTddn2は、例えば、以下に説明する第1~第3の絶対遅延時間取得方法のいずれかによって取得する。
ハンドオーバ制御部36は、ハンドオーバの予定を決定すると、第1無線I/F31および第2無線I/F32を介して、無線通信装置11と時間同期しているHA23に対して送信タイムスタンプを有する計測用パケットを送信して、HA23から当該送信タイムスタンプとHA23での受信タイムスタンプ、およびHA23からの返信タイムスタンプを有する計測用パケットの返信を要求する。これにより、HA23から、第1無線通信ネットワーク15および第2無線通信ネットワーク16の双方から計測用パケットを送信させる。無線通信装置11は、HA23から送信された計測用パケットを、対応する第1無線I/F31および第2無線I/F32を介してそれぞれ受信し、その受信時刻と計測用パケットのタイムスタンプとから、対応するネットワークの絶対遅延時間Tdup1、Tdup2、Tddn2を計測する。
ハンドオーバ制御部36は、ハンドオーバの予定を決定すると、無線通信装置11から該無線通信装置11と時間同期しているHA23に対して、第1無線通信ネットワーク15および第2無線通信ネットワーク16の双方から、PINGやRTCP等の計測用パケットを送信させ、その返信を受信して、対応するネットワークの絶対遅延時間Tdup1、Tdup2、Tddn2を計測する。
ハンドオーバ制御部36は、ハンドオーバの予定を決定すると、IEEE802.21において検討されているハンドオーバ技術を利用して、各無線通信ネットワークの絶対遅延時間を取得する。IEEE802.21(Media Independent Handover(MIH))では、異種無線通信ネットワーク(WiFi(Wireless Fidelity)、WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)、携帯電話など)間のハンドオーバ技術として、ハンドオーバを制御する手段(図2では、ハンドオーバ制御部36)をMIHユーザと定義し、MIHF(MIH Function)がMIHユーザからの要求に基づいて、通信デバイスの無線情報を取得して、MIHユーザに提供することを考えている。また、MIHユーザが、自らの端末内のMIHFを通して、接続しているネットワーク内のインフォメーションサーバから情報を取得することも考えられている。
Tn3-Tn1={(Tn3+Trdn3+Tn3+Trup3)-(Tn1+Trdn1+Tn1+Trup1)}/2
Tdup1=Tn3+Trup3=Tn1+Trup1+(Tn3-Tn1)
Tdup2=Tn4+Trup4=(Tn2+Trup2)+(Tn3-Tn1)
Tddn2=Tn4+Trdn4=(Tn2+Trdn2)+(Tn3-Tn1)
ハンドオーバ先の上りの予測帯域Rbup2は、ハンドオーバ完了後のハンドオーバ先の無線通信ネットワークにおける上りの無線状態を予測して取得する。このため、ハンドオーバ制御部36には、例えば、図6に示すような無線状態(通信品質)とスループット(予測帯域)との変換テーブルを予め記憶しておく。ハンドオーバ制御部36は、例えば、ハンドオーバ予定決定時点におけるハンドオーバ先の無線状況と、その時点から所定時間前のハンドオーバ先の無線状況とに基づいて、ハンドオーバ完了時のハンドオーバ先の無線状態を線形に予測し、その予測した無線状態に基づいて、図6の変換テーブルから、ハンドオーバ完了時点のハンドオーバ先予測帯域Rbup2を取得する。ここで、ハンドオーバ完了時点は、ハンドオーバ予定決定時点から、ハンドオーバ準備時間Tsと、ハンドオーバ先の無線通信ネットワーク(ここでは、第2無線通信ネットワーク16)におけるHA23と無線通信装置11との間の往復の絶対遅延時間(Trup2+Trdn2)とを加算した時点とする。
Vs=(Tb+Tc)/(Tb+Ta)
標準再生速度Vnに対するジッタバッファ107からのパケットの読み出し間隔をTR1、(Tb+Tc)/(Tb+Ta)をk、算出した再生速度Vsに対応するジッタバッファ107からのパケットの読み出し間隔をTR、とするとき、TR=TR1/k、とする。例えば、標準再生速度Vnでは、ジッタバッファ107内のパケットを20msecの間隔で読み出して再生するVoIPアプリケーションにおいて、再生速度Vsを標準再生速度Vnの80%(k=0.8)とする場合には、ジッタバッファ47からのパケットの読み出し間隔TRを、TR=20/0.8(msec)、とする。
ハンドオーバのための再生速度のコントロールを開始すると、その直後に再生したパケットのタイムスタンプと、その再生時間とを組み合わせて記録する。その後のパケットについては、下式で示す時間Tvに、ジッタバッファ107から読み出して再生する。なお、下式において、TDは、遅延時間で、初期値は0である。
[数5]
Tv=(パケットのタイムスタンプ-最初のパケットのタイムスタンプ)+(最初のパケットの再生時間+TD)
次に、本発明の第2実施の形態に係る通信装置ついて説明する。
Tddn1=Tn3+Trdn3=Tn1+Trdn1+(Tn3-Tn1)
Tlowstt=Ts-Tdup1-Tdn+Tdup2-Tdn-(Tddn1-Tddn2)
=Ts+Tddn2-2Tdn-(Tddn1+Tdup1)+Tdup2
(2)通信装置122の計時周期を無線通信装置121の計時周期に同期させる。
Claims (9)
- 第1無線通信ネットワーク、および該第1無線通信ネットワークと異なる第2無線通信ネットワークに接続して無線通信を実行する無線通信部と、
該無線通信部を介してリアルタイム通信系のアプリケーションを実行する実行部と、
前記第1無線通信ネットワークに接続して前記アプリケーションを実行中に、当該第1無線通信ネットワークにおける無線リンクの通信品質を取得する通信品質取得部と、
該通信品質取得部により取得した前記通信品質に基づいて、前記第1無線通信ネットワークから前記第2無線通信ネットワークへのハンドオーバの準備を開始するか否かを決定する決定部と、
前記決定部によりハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記第1無線通信ネットワークを介してデータを送信するとともに、該データを所定時間蓄積し、ハンドオーバ後に、該蓄積したデータを前記第2無線通信ネットワークを介して送信するよう制御する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする無線通信装置。 - 前記アプリケーションの実行中に、前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記通信品質取得部が取得した通信品質に基づいてハンドオーバを開始するまでのハンドオーバ準備時間を推定する推定部と、
前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間を計測する計測部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記計測部により計測した前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間と、前記推定部により推定した前記ハンドオーバ準備時間とに基づいて、前記データを蓄積する開始時間を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無線通信装置。 - 前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定すると、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間を計測する計測部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記計測部により計測した前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間に基づいて、前記データを蓄積する所定時間を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無線通信装置。 - 送信データを符号化する符号化部を備え、
該符号化部は、前記決定部がハンドオーバ準備の開始を決定する前の符号化ビットレートよりも低いレートで、前記蓄積するデータを符号化することを特徴とする請求項1,2または3に記載の無線通信装置。 - 通信ネットワークに接続して通信を実行する通信部と、
該通信部を介してリアルタイム通信系のアプリケーションを実行する実行部と、
前記アプリケーションの通信相手である無線通信装置が、通信中の第1無線通信ネットワークから該第1無線通信ネットワークと異なる第2無線通信ネットワークヘハンドオーバするハンドオーバの情報を前記無線通信装置から受信すると、前記通信ネットワークを介してデータを送信するとともに、該データを所定時間蓄積し、前記無線通信装置のハンドオーバ後に、該蓄積したデータを前記無線通信装置へ送信するよう制御する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする通信装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報に含まれる、ハンドオーバの準備時間と、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間と、前記通信ネットワークにおける遅延時間とに基づいて、前記データを蓄積する開始時間を決定することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の通信装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報に含まれる、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間に基づいて、前記データを蓄積する所定時間を決定することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の通信装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報に含まれる、前記第1無線通信ネットワークおよび前記第2無線通信ネットワークにおけるそれぞれの遅延時間に基づいて、前記データを蓄積する所定時間を決定することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の通信装置。
- 送信データを符号化する符号化部を備え、
前記符号化部は、前記ハンドオーバの情報を受信する前の符号化ビットレートよりも低いレートで、前記蓄積するデータを符号化することを特徴とする請求項5,6,7または8に記載の通信装置。
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JP2013048368A (ja) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-07 | Kyocera Corp | 通信装置 |
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EP2522180B1 (en) * | 2010-01-04 | 2016-04-27 | Thomson Licensing | Handover method of multicast and broadcast service in wireless network |
US20130094472A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatuses for reducing voice/data interruption during a mobility procedure |
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CN108370521B (zh) * | 2016-01-05 | 2023-03-24 | 富士通株式会社 | 信息传输方法、装置和系统 |
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