WO2009116283A1 - 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009116283A1 WO2009116283A1 PCT/JP2009/001209 JP2009001209W WO2009116283A1 WO 2009116283 A1 WO2009116283 A1 WO 2009116283A1 JP 2009001209 W JP2009001209 W JP 2009001209W WO 2009116283 A1 WO2009116283 A1 WO 2009116283A1
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
- H01L29/7786—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT
- H01L29/7787—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT with wide bandgap charge-carrier supplying layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MODFET
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/10—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
- H01L29/1066—Gate region of field-effect devices with PN junction gate
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/66462—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET] with a heterojunction interface channel or gate, e.g. HFET, HIGFET, SISFET, HJFET, HEMT
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device.
- the present invention particularly relates to a semiconductor device such as a heterojunction field effect transistor using a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing nitrogen such as gallium nitride, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Gallium nitride-based heterojunction field effect transistors are expected to be used as switching elements that can operate at high frequencies and can be used with high power.
- a device using a two-dimensional gas (2DEG) generated at the interface between n-type AlGaN and intrinsic GaN as a channel has been put to practical use as an AlGaN / GaN-HEMT (high electron mobility transistor).
- 2DEG two-dimensional gas
- As a characteristic required for the AlGaN / GaN-HEMT there is a case where a normally-off type in which a source-drain high impedance is applied even when no voltage is applied to the gate, that is, an enhancement mode operation is possible. Thereby, operation with a unipolar power supply, low power consumption, and the like can be realized.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a normally-off type AlGaN / GaN transistor in which a gate recess structure is formed in an AlGaN layer by dry etching. R. Wang et al., “Enhancement-Mode Si3N4 / AlGaN / GaN MISHFETs”, IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 27, no. 10, October 2006, pages 793-795
- the electron concentration in the 2DEG region facing the groove region can be reduced, and a part of 2DEG at the AlGaN layer / GaN layer interface can be depleted.
- a state where the channel is cut off even when no gate voltage is applied As a result, it is possible to realize a normally-off state in which the source and drain of the transistor have a high impedance.
- Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that the current density of the channel current cannot be sufficiently increased. That is, the enhancement mode can be realized by reducing the thickness of the groove portion of the electron supply layer (AlGaN layer), while an intermediate level due to crystal imperfection exists on the bottom surface of the groove portion.
- AlGaN layer electron supply layer
- the charged electrons repel the electrons forming 2DEG, so that channel resistance is increased and channel current density is decreased.
- operation with a relatively high threshold of about +1 V to +3 V is required.
- the element resistance is low enough to withstand practical use even with a threshold of about +2 V. There is a problem that can not be realized.
- the decrease in current density due to the space charge at the bottom of the groove can be taken to some extent by moving the groove away from the 2 DEG region, that is, by reducing the groove depth.
- reducing the groove depth shifts the gate threshold value to the negative side, so that normally-off cannot be realized.
- Non-Patent Document 1 an insulating film for reducing gate leakage is formed inside the groove portion of the channel region. For this reason, a depletion portion that is difficult to be controlled by the gate voltage remains at the source end and drain end of the bottom surface of the groove portion, and this depletion portion acts as a parasitic resistance even when conducting, and there is a problem of reducing the current density of the channel.
- a channel layer of a group 3-5 compound semiconductor a carrier is supplied to the channel layer, and a groove is formed on the surface opposite to the surface facing the channel layer.
- a carrier supply layer comprising: a semiconductor layer formed in the groove of the carrier supply layer and having a conductivity type opposite to the conductivity type indicated by the carrier; and a control electrode provided on the semiconductor layer.
- a semiconductor device is provided.
- the semiconductor layer may be a group 3-5 compound semiconductor layer containing nitrogen.
- the semiconductor layer may be an InGaN layer, an AlGaN layer, or a GaN layer.
- the semiconductor layer may be Al x Ga 1-x N, where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5.
- the control electrode may be formed via an insulating layer between the semiconductor layer.
- the insulating layer SiO x, SiN x, SiAl x O y N z, HfO x, HfAl x O y, HfSi x O y, HfN x O y, AlO x, AlN x O y, GaO x, GaO x N It may be a layer having at least one insulating compound selected from y and TaO x , TiN x O y .
- a chemical formula including the subscripts x, y, or z indicates an insulating compound, and a compound in which the constituent ratio of the element is represented by a stoichiometric ratio or a defect or an amorphous structure is included in the element. It represents a compound whose composition ratio is not shown in the stoichiometric ratio.
- the semiconductor device may further include a passivation layer that covers the carrier supply layer and has an opening that matches the opening of the groove.
- the carrier supply layer may be lattice matched or pseudo-lattice matched with the channel layer, and the semiconductor layer may be lattice matched or pseudo-lattice matched with the carrier supply layer.
- the channel layer may contain nitrogen.
- the channel layer may be a GaN layer, an InGaN layer, or an AlGaN layer, and the carrier supply layer may be an AlGaN layer, an AlInN layer, or an AlN layer.
- the control electrode may include at least one metal selected from Ni, Al, Mg, Sc, Ti, Mn, Ag, Sn, Pt, and In.
- the carrier may be an electron.
- a step of forming a groove in the surface of the carrier supply layer that supplies carriers to the channel layer of the Group 3-5 compound semiconductor, and the carrier is formed in the groove of the carrier supply layer.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: forming a semiconductor layer having a conductivity type opposite to the conductivity type shown; and forming a control electrode after forming the semiconductor layer.
- a step of preparing a substrate having a channel layer of a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing nitrogen and an electron supply layer for supplying electrons to the channel layer, the electron supply layer serving as a surface A semiconductor device comprising: a step of forming a groove on a surface; a step of forming a p-type semiconductor layer in the groove of the electron supply layer; and a step of forming a control electrode after forming the p-type semiconductor layer.
- the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device further includes a step of forming a passivation layer that covers the carrier supply layer, and a step of forming an opening in the passivation layer in a region where the groove is formed.
- You may be prepared.
- the step of forming a groove on the surface of the carrier supply layer may be a step of etching the carrier supply layer exposed in the opening of the passivation layer to form the groove.
- the step of forming the semiconductor layer may be a step of selectively growing an epitaxial layer to be the semiconductor layer on the carrier supply layer exposed in the opening of the passivation layer.
- the step of forming the groove on the surface of the carrier supply layer includes the step of forming a mask that covers a part of the carrier supply layer, and further forming a carrier supply layer in the carrier supply layer other than the region covered with the mask And a step of removing the mask.
- the semiconductor layer may include nitrogen
- the channel layer may include nitrogen.
- An example of a cross section of the semiconductor device 100 of this embodiment is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- An example of a cross section in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100 is shown.
- the transition characteristic graph of the drain current in DC evaluation of the semiconductor device 100 produced by the experiment example and the comparative example is shown.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional example of the semiconductor device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the semiconductor device 100 is illustrated as one transistor element in FIG. 1, the semiconductor device 100 may include a number of transistor elements.
- the semiconductor device 100 includes a substrate 102, a buffer layer 104, a channel layer 106, an electron supply layer 108, a groove 110, a p-type semiconductor layer 112, an insulating layer 114, a control electrode 116, an input / output electrode 118, a passivation layer 120, and an element isolation region. 122.
- the substrate 102 may be a base substrate for epitaxial growth, and examples thereof include single crystal sapphire, silicon carbide, silicon, and gallium nitride.
- a commercially available substrate for epitaxial growth can be used.
- the substrate 102 is preferably an insulating type, but a p-type or n-type can also be used.
- the buffer layer 104 is formed on the substrate 102, and a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing nitrogen can be applied as a material.
- the buffer layer 104 may be a single layer of aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), aluminum nitride (AlN), or gallium nitride (GaN), or may be a stack of these single layers.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 104 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 300 nm to 3000 nm.
- the buffer layer 104 can be formed using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method (MOVPE), a halide VPE method, a molecular beam epitaxy method (MBE), or the like.
- MOVPE metal organic chemical vapor deposition method
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy method
- a material for forming the buffer layer 104 a commercially available organic metal material such as trimethylgallium or trimethylindium can be used.
- the channel layer 106 is formed on the buffer layer 104 and may be a group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing nitrogen.
- the channel layer 106 is preferably a GaN layer, but an InGaN layer or an AlGaN layer can also be exemplified.
- the thickness of the channel layer 106 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 300 nm to 3000 nm.
- a method for forming the channel layer 106 a method similar to the method for forming the buffer layer 104 can be exemplified.
- the electron supply layer 108 may be an example of a carrier supply layer.
- the electron supply layer 108 supplies electrons to the channel layer 106.
- the electrons may be an example of a carrier.
- the electron supply layer 108 is formed on the channel layer 106, and 2DEG is formed on the channel layer 106 side of the interface between the electron supply layer 108 and the channel layer 106.
- the electron supply layer 108 may be formed directly in contact with the channel layer 106 or may be formed through a suitable intermediate layer.
- the electron supply layer 108 may be lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice-matched with the channel layer 106, and may be an AlGaN layer, an AlInN layer, or an AlN layer.
- the thickness of the electron supply layer 108 can be determined within a range smaller than the critical thickness estimated from the lattice constant difference between the channel layer 106 and the electron supply layer 108.
- the critical film thickness may be a film thickness in which a stress is relieved by generating defects in the crystal lattice due to stress generated by lattice mismatch.
- the critical film thickness depends on the Al composition or the In composition of each layer, but a range of 10 nm to 60 nm can be exemplified.
- a method for forming the electron supply layer 108 a method similar to the method for forming the buffer layer 104 can be exemplified.
- the electron supply layer 108 has a groove 110 on the opposite side of the surface of the electron supply layer 108 that faces the channel layer 106.
- a groove 110 By forming the groove 110 in the electron supply layer 108, 2DEG below the groove 110 can be easily depleted. As a result, the normally-off operation of the transistor can be easily realized.
- the film thickness of the trench 110 is determined according to the composition, film thickness of the p-type semiconductor layer 112 and the threshold value of the transistor.
- Examples of the film thickness of the groove 110 include a range of 5 nm to 40 nm.
- the range of 7 nm to 20 nm can be exemplified, and more preferably, the range of 9 nm to 15 nm can be exemplified. More preferably, the range of 10 nm to 13 nm can be exemplified.
- a mask having an opening formed in a region where the groove 110 is formed is applied to the electron supply layer 108, and the electron supply layer 108 exposed in the opening of the mask is anisotropically etched such as dry etching. It can be formed by etching by the method.
- any material having selectivity with the electron supply layer 108 in etching such as a photoresist, an inorganic film such as SiO x , or a metal can be arbitrarily applied.
- a chlorine-based gas such as Cl 2 or CH 2 Cl 2 and a fluorine-based gas such as CHF 3 or CF 4 can be used.
- the groove 110 can be formed by forming a mask in a region corresponding to the groove 110 after the electron supply layer 108 is formed, further forming the electron supply layer 108 in a state where the mask exists, and then removing the mask.
- a mask SiN x or SiO x can be used, and in this case, a selective growth method can be applied.
- the MOVPE method can be used as the selectivity length method. Note that the groove 110 may not be formed by appropriately forming the thickness of the electron supply layer 108.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 may be an example of a semiconductor layer.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 is formed in the groove 110 formed on the surface opposite to the surface facing the channel layer 106 of the electron supply layer 108.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 may be lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice-matched with the electron supply layer 108.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 may be a p-type semiconductor of a Group 3-5 compound containing nitrogen, and examples thereof include an InGaN layer, an AlGaN layer, and a GaN layer.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 may be an Al x Ga 1-x N layer (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5).
- the composition of x can be appropriately selected within the specified range. However, since the AlGaN crystal is deteriorated in crystallinity when the Al composition increases, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4 is preferable, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3 is more preferable. More preferably, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.20.
- the channel current can be modulated by controlling the channel potential via the p-type semiconductor layer 112. That is, the potential of the p-type semiconductor layer 112 in contact with the trench 110 can be displaced in response to the potential of the control electrode 116, and the potential can be displaced in the entire range at the bottom surface of the trench 110 in contact with the p-type semiconductor layer 112. .
- the semiconductor device 100 having a large current density can be manufactured.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 disposed on the bottom surface of the groove 110 is a p-type semiconductor, the channel potential is raised more than when an insulating film such as an oxide film is disposed on the electron supply layer 108 having the same thickness. Can do. As a result, the threshold value of the semiconductor device 100 can be increased.
- a p-type impurity such as Mg may be doped.
- the concentration of the dopant may be a concentration that becomes p-type.
- the dose of the p-type impurity is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 2 to 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 2, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 2 , and 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm 2. -2 to 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm -2 are more preferred.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 is formed in the groove 110 of the electron supply layer 108, it is easy to realize a normally-off operation.
- the electron supply layer 108 of the groove 110 is formed.
- the film thickness can be increased. Even when the groove 110 is formed in the electron supply layer 108, the distance between the bottom surface of the groove 110 where the intermediate level exists and the channel can be increased, and the transistor has a higher current density than the conventional normally-off transistor. Can be made.
- the film thickness of the p-type semiconductor layer 112 may be in the range of 2 nm to 200 nm, preferably in the range of 5 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably in the range of 7 nm to 30 nm.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 can be formed by, for example, the MOVPE method. When the p-type semiconductor layer 112 is formed in the groove 110, it can be selectively formed in the groove 110.
- a selective growth method can be applied in which a region other than the groove 110 of the electron supply layer 108 is covered with an inhibition film that is not epitaxially grown by the MOVPE method, and an epitaxial film that becomes the p-type semiconductor layer 112 is epitaxially grown in a specific region opened in the inhibition film.
- the inhibition film may be removed by etching or left as the passivation layer 120.
- the inhibition film include a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxide film having a thickness of about 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the insulating layer 114 can be formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 112. By forming the insulating layer 114, leakage current from the control electrode 116 to the channel can be reduced.
- the insulating layer 114 includes SiO x , SiN x , SiAl x O y N z , HfO x , HfAl x O y , HfSi x O y , HfN x O y , AlO x , AlN x O y , GaO x , and GaO x N. y and TaO x, it may have at least one insulating compound selected from TiN x O y.
- the chemical formula including the subscripts x, y, or z indicates an insulating compound as described above, and a compound in which the constituent ratio of the element is represented by a stoichiometric ratio, or a defect or an amorphous structure is included in the element. It represents a compound whose composition ratio is not shown in the stoichiometric ratio.
- the insulating layer 114 can be formed using a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like. The thickness of the insulating layer 114 can be determined in consideration of the dielectric constant and dielectric strength voltage of each layer.
- Examples of the film thickness of the insulating layer 114 include a range of 2 nm to 150 nm, preferably a range of 5 nm to 100 nm, more preferably a range of 7 nm to 50 nm, and still more preferably a range of 9 nm to 20 nm.
- the control electrode 116 may be formed in contact with the p-type semiconductor layer 112. That is, the insulating layer 114 may not be provided. Alternatively, the control electrode 116 may be formed between the p-type semiconductor layer 112 and an insulating layer 114 as an intermediate layer. Note that an intrinsic (insulating) semiconductor layer may be formed as an intermediate layer instead of the insulating layer 114.
- the control electrode 116 can have at least one metal selected from Ni, Al, Mg, Sc, Ti, Mn, Ag, Sn, Pt and In, and can be Al, Mg, Sc, Ti, Mn, Ag or In is preferred. Alternatively, the control electrode 116 is more preferably Al, Ti, or Mg.
- the control electrode 116 can be formed using, for example, a vapor deposition method.
- the input / output electrode 118 is formed on the electron supply layer 108.
- the input / output electrode 118 can be formed by, for example, forming a metal such as Ti and Al by a vapor deposition method or the like, processing the metal into a predetermined shape by a lift-off method or the like, and then performing an annealing process at a temperature of about 700 ° C. to 800 ° C. .
- the passivation layer 120 covers the electron supply layer 108 in a region other than the region where the control electrode 116 and the input / output electrode 118 are formed.
- the passivation layer 120 can function as a selective length method mask as described above.
- the passivation layer 120 has an opening that matches the opening of the groove 110.
- the passivation layer 120 may be a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxide film having a thickness of about 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the element isolation region 122 is formed through the electron supply layer 108 so as to surround the active region of the transistor.
- the element isolation region 122 defines a region where current flows.
- the element isolation region 122 can be formed, for example, by forming an isolation groove by etching and embedding an insulator such as nitride.
- the element isolation region 122 can be formed by implanting nitrogen or hydrogen into the formation region by ion implantation.
- FIG. 2 to 10 show cross-sectional examples in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 100.
- FIG. 2 a channel layer 106 of a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing nitrogen and an electron supply layer 108 for supplying electrons to the channel layer 106 are prepared, and a substrate 102 on which the electron supply layer 108 forms a surface is prepared.
- the substrate 102 may have a buffer layer 104.
- the substrate on which the buffer layer 104, the channel layer 106, and the electron supply layer 108 are sequentially formed and the electron supply layer 108 forms a surface is supplied as an epitaxial substrate for HEMT formation. It may be.
- a resist film 130 is formed on the passivation layer 120.
- the resist film 130 is spin-coated with an appropriate resist material on the substrate, and after pre-baking, exposure, and post-baking, the exposed region is removed to form the opening 132.
- the opening 132 is formed in a region where the groove 110 is formed.
- an opening is formed in the passivation layer 120 in the region where the groove 110 is formed (opening 132). Then, the electron supply layer 108 exposed in the opening of the passivation layer 120 is etched to form the groove 110. That is, the groove 110 can be formed by a first stage etching that etches the passivation layer 120 using the resist film 130 as a mask and a second stage etching that etches the electron supply layer 108 using the resist film 130 as a mask. Note that in the second stage etching, the resist film 130 can be removed and the passivation layer 120 can be used as a mask.
- the groove portion 110 has an electron supply layer 108 other than the region covered with the mask. Further, the electron supply layer 108 can be further formed and the mask can be removed.
- a p-type semiconductor layer 112 of a group 3-5 compound containing nitrogen is formed on the surface of the electron supply layer 108.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 may be formed in the groove 110 of the electron supply layer 108.
- An epitaxial layer that becomes the p-type semiconductor layer 112 may be selectively grown on the electron supply layer 108 exposed in the opening of the passivation layer 120. Thereafter, an impurity showing p-type, for example Mg, is doped, for example, by ion implantation.
- a resist film 134 that covers the p-type semiconductor layer 112 and the passivation layer 120 in the groove 110 is formed.
- the resist film 134 is spin-coated with an appropriate resist material on the substrate, and after pre-baking, exposure, and post-baking, the exposed region is removed to form an opening 136.
- the opening 136 is formed in a region where the input / output electrode 118 is formed. Thereafter, the passivation layer 120 is etched using the resist film 134 as a mask.
- the input / output electrode 118 is formed by a lift-off method that removes the resist film 134 and leaves the metal film in the opening 136. .
- annealing may be performed by heating.
- the metal film may be a metal laminated film.
- a resist film 138 is formed to form an opening 140 that exposes the p-type semiconductor layer 112 of the groove 110. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, an insulating film 142 and a metal film 144 to be the insulating layer 114 and the control electrode 116 are formed.
- the insulating film 142 and the metal film 144 may each be a laminated film of insulating films or a laminated film of metal films.
- the insulating layer 114 and the control electrode 116 are formed by a lift-off method that removes the resist film 138 and leaves the insulating film 142 and the metal film 144 in the opening 140. That is, the control electrode 116 is formed after the p-type semiconductor layer 112 is formed.
- an appropriate mask having an opening is formed in a region to be the element isolation region 122, and ions are selectively implanted into the opening of the mask to form the element isolation region 122.
- the ions implanted into the element isolation region 122 may be, for example, nitrogen or hydrogen, and can be arbitrarily selected as long as the electron supply layer 108 and the channel layer 106 are ions.
- the semiconductor device 100 of FIG. 1 can be manufactured.
- the channel current density can be increased while the semiconductor device 100 is operated normally off.
- the threshold can be increased.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 is formed in the trench 110, the effect of the trench 110 is synergistic, it is easy to perform a normally-off operation, and the channel current density can be increased.
- Sapphire was applied as the substrate 102.
- a GaN layer as the buffer layer 104 On the substrate 102, a GaN layer as the buffer layer 104, a GaN layer as the channel layer 106, and an AlGaN layer as the electron supply layer 108 were sequentially formed using the MOVPE method to obtain an HEMT epitaxial substrate.
- the thickness of each layer was 100 nm, 2000 nm, and 30 nm, respectively.
- the Al composition of the AlGaN electron supply layer 108 was 25%.
- a SiN x layer was formed as a passivation layer 120 to a thickness of 100 nm by a sputtering method.
- a resist film 130 was formed on the SiN x passivation layer 120, and an opening 132 was formed in the resist film 130 at a position where the groove 110 was formed by lithography. The size of the opening 132 was 30 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
- the SiN x passivation layer 120 exposed in the opening 132 of the resist film 130 was removed by ICP plasma etching using CHF 3 gas. Thus, a SiN x passivation layer 120 having an opening was formed.
- the etching gas was switched to CHCl 2 gas, and the AlGaN electron supply layer 108 was etched to a depth of 20 nm. As a result, the groove 110 was formed in the electron supply layer 108.
- the substrate 102 was transferred to a MOVPE reactor, and a GaN film was epitaxially grown in the groove 110 to a thickness of 20 nm by a selective growth method. Then, the p-type semiconductor layer 112 was formed by doping Mg in the GaN film. The hole concentration of the p-type semiconductor layer 112 after doping was 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 2 .
- a resist film 134 was formed, and an opening 136 of the resist film 134 was formed in the shape of the input / output electrode 118 by lithography.
- the SiN x passivation layer 120 exposed at the opening 136 was removed by the same method as described above.
- a Ti / Al / Ni / Au laminated film was formed by vapor deposition, and processed into the shape of the input / output electrode 118 by lift-off.
- the substrate 102 was annealed under conditions of a nitrogen atmosphere, 800 ° C., and 30 seconds. In this way, a pair of input / output electrodes 118 was formed.
- a resist film 138 was formed, and an opening 140 was formed in the resist film 138 on the GaN p-type semiconductor layer 112 by lithography.
- the width of the opening 140 was 1.5 ⁇ m.
- a Ni / Au metal laminated film was formed as the metal film 144 with a thickness of 10 nm as a SiO x insulating film 142 by vapor deposition, and a Ni / Au control electrode 116 and an insulating layer 114 were formed by lift-off. .
- nitrogen was implanted into the periphery of the element by ion implantation to form an element isolation region 122.
- the semiconductor device 100 shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
- a GaN buffer layer 104, a GaN channel layer 106, and an AlGaN electron supply layer 108 were formed on a sapphire substrate 102 to form an HEMT epitaxial substrate.
- a SiN x passivation layer 120, a groove 110, and a pair of input / output electrodes 118 were formed.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 112 is not formed in the groove 110, and the insulating film 142 that becomes the SiO x insulating layer 114 and the metal film 144 that becomes the control electrode 116 are directly formed on the bottom surface of the groove 110 by the same method as in the experimental example.
- the insulating layer 114 and the control electrode 116 were formed.
- an element isolation region 122 was formed by the same method as in the experimental example.
- FIG. 11 shows a transition characteristic graph of the drain current in the DC evaluation of the semiconductor device 100 created in the experimental example and the comparative example.
- a solid line indicates an experimental example, and a broken line indicates a comparative example.
- the horizontal axis represents the drain voltage, and the vertical axis represents the drain current.
- the maximum current density of the comparative example is about 50 mA / mm near the gate voltage of 3 V, whereas the experimental example shows a high value of 110 mA / mm near the gate voltage of 3.5 V.
- the current density of the channel could be increased while the semiconductor device 100 was operated normally off.
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Abstract
Description
R.Wang他著、「Enhancement-Mode Si3N4/AlGaN/GaN MISHFETs」、IEEE Electron Device Letters,Vol.27,No.10、2006年10月、793~795頁
102 基板
104 バッファ層
106 チャネル層
108 電子供給層
110 溝部
112 p形半導体層
114 絶縁層
116 制御電極
118 入出力電極
120 パッシベーション層
122 素子分離領域
130 レジスト膜
132 開口部
134 レジスト膜
136 開口部
138 レジスト膜
140 開口部
142 絶縁膜
144 金属膜
基板102としてサファイアを適用した。基板102の上に、バッファ層104としてGaN層を、チャネル層106としてGaN層を、電子供給層108としてAlGaN層を、順次MOVPE法を用いて形成して、HEMT用エピタキシャル基板とした。各層の膜厚は、各々100nm、2000nm、30nmとした。AlGaNの電子供給層108のAl組成は25%とした。
実験例と同様にサファイアの基板102に、GaNのバッファ層104、GaNのチャネル層106、AlGaNの電子供給層108を形成してHEMT用エピタキシャル基板とした。実験例と同様にSiNxのパッシベーション層120、溝部110、一対の入出力電極118を形成した。溝部110にp形半導体層112を形成せず、実験例と同様の手法で、溝部110の底面に直接SiOxの絶縁層114となる絶縁膜142および制御電極116となる金属膜144を形成して、絶縁層114および制御電極116を形成した。さらに実験例と同様の手法で素子分離領域122を形成した。
Claims (17)
- 3-5族化合物半導体のチャネル層と、
前記チャネル層にキャリアを供給し、前記チャネル層に対向する面の反対面に溝部を有するキャリア供給層と、
前記キャリア供給層の前記溝部に形成され、前記キャリアが示す伝導型とは逆の伝導型を示す半導体層と、
前記半導体層の上に設けられた制御電極と、
を含む半導体装置。 - 前記半導体層は、窒素を含む3-5族化合物の半導体層である、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記半導体層は、InGaN層、AlGaN層またはGaN層である、
請求項2に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記半導体層は、
AlxGa1-xN、ただし、0≦x≦0.5、
である、
請求項3に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記制御電極は、前記半導体層との間に絶縁層を介して形成されている、
請求項1から請求項4の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記絶縁層は、SiOx、SiNx、SiAlxOyNz、HfOx、HfAlxOy、HfSixOy、HfNxOy、AlOx、AlNxOy、GaOx、GaOxNyおよびTaOx、TiNxOyから選択された少なくとも1つの絶縁性化合物を有する層である、
請求項5に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記キャリア供給層を覆い、前記溝部の開口に一致する開口部を有するパッシベーション層、をさらに備えた、
請求項1から請求項6の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記キャリア供給層は、前記チャネル層と格子整合または擬格子整合し、
前記半導体層は、前記キャリア供給層と格子整合または擬格子整合する、
請求項1から請求項7の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記チャネル層は、窒素を含む、
請求項1から請求項8の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記チャネル層は、GaN層、InGaN層またはAlGaN層であり、
前記キャリア供給層は、AlGaN層、AlInN層またはAlN層である、
請求項9に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記制御電極は、Ni、Al、Mg、Sc、Ti、Mn、Ag、Sn、PtおよびInから選択された少なくとも1つの金属を有する、
請求項1から請求項10の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記キャリアは電子である
請求項1から請求項11の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置。 - 3-5族化合物半導体のチャネル層にキャリアを供給するキャリア供給層の表面に、溝部を形成する段階と、
前記キャリア供給層の前記溝部に、前記キャリアが示す伝導型とは逆の伝導型を示す半導体層を形成する段階と、
前記半導体層を形成した後に、制御電極を形成する段階と、
を含む半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記キャリア供給層を覆うパッシベーション層を形成する段階と、
前記溝部が形成される領域の前記パッシベーション層に開口部を形成する段階と、
をさらに備え、
前記キャリア供給層の表面に溝部を形成する段階は、前記パッシベーション層の前記開口部に露出した前記キャリア供給層をエッチングして、前記溝部を形成する段階である、
請求項13に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記半導体層を形成する段階は、前記パッシベーション層の前記開口部に露出した前記キャリア供給層に、前記半導体層となるエピタキシャル層を選択的に成長させる段階である、
請求項14に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記キャリア供給層の表面に溝部を形成する段階は、
前記キャリア供給層の一部を覆うマスクを形成する段階と、
前記マスクで覆った領域以外の前記キャリア供給層に、さらにキャリア供給層を形成する段階と、
前記マスクを除去する段階と、
を有する段階である請求項13に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記半導体層は、窒素を含み、
前記チャネル層は、窒素を含む、
請求項13から請求項16の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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JP7362410B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-17 | 2023-10-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 |
WO2021189182A1 (zh) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-09-30 | 英诺赛科(珠海)科技有限公司 | 半导体装置及其制造方法 |
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WO2022051933A1 (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-17 | Innoscience (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device structures and methods of manufacturing thereof |
CN117855267B (zh) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-06-21 | 江苏能华微电子科技发展有限公司 | 一种高阈值增强型功率器件及其制备方法 |
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- 2009-03-18 WO PCT/JP2009/001209 patent/WO2009116283A1/ja active Application Filing
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WO2013073315A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | シャープ株式会社 | 電界効果トランジスタおよびその製造方法 |
JP2013105863A (ja) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-30 | Sharp Corp | 電界効果トランジスタおよびその製造方法 |
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US20110042719A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
CN101960576B (zh) | 2012-09-26 |
JP2009231395A (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
KR20110005775A (ko) | 2011-01-19 |
TW200950081A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
CN101960576A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
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