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WO2008135532A1 - Machine asynchrone à changement de pôle pour fréquences d'alimentation variables - Google Patents

Machine asynchrone à changement de pôle pour fréquences d'alimentation variables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008135532A1
WO2008135532A1 PCT/EP2008/055420 EP2008055420W WO2008135532A1 WO 2008135532 A1 WO2008135532 A1 WO 2008135532A1 EP 2008055420 W EP2008055420 W EP 2008055420W WO 2008135532 A1 WO2008135532 A1 WO 2008135532A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotational speed
asynchronous motor
change
over
frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/055420
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan Risse
Michael Van Der Giet
Kay Hameyer
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations Gmbh filed Critical Airbus Operations Gmbh
Publication of WO2008135532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008135532A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K17/14—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H02P25/20—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays for pole-changing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an asynchronous motor which can be connected to and operated at variable-frequency alternating voltages.
  • asynchronous motors are already sufficiently known.
  • frequency- variable power supply networks such as are frequently used, for example, in modern passenger aircraft
  • asynchronous machines are generally connected to frequency converters which supply a voltage having pre-definable frequencies.
  • rotational speeds and torques of the asynchronous machine are thereby influenced over a wide range, thus providing the greatest possible flexibility in the respective application.
  • a usual electrical drive accordingly consists of a frequency converter having a corresponding triggering logic and power semiconductor components and the electrical machine itself.
  • the failure probability of the entire arrangement comprising electrical machine and frequency converter may be increased.
  • the power supply network may be increasingly endangered by interference effects due to operation of the frequency converter.
  • the efficiency of the entire system may be reduced due to the lossy operation of the frequency converter and the heat input produced by the electrical power loss may be increased.
  • an asynchronous motor which can be operated at alternating voltages with at least two different numbers of poles at variable frequency.
  • this asynchronous machine comprises a stator with a stator winding comprising a plurality of groups of coils or a plurality of stator windings, wherein tap lines and/or the ends of groups of coils are guided separately out from the motor to a change-over switch or commutator which makes it possible to operate the asynchronous motor in different frequency ranges of the power (or current) supply by pole changing.
  • a conventional asynchronous motor without a frequency converter would adopt a rotational speed proportional to the frequency.
  • the rotational speed may be reduced or increased since the rotational speed of an asynchronous motor also depends inversely proportionally on the number of pole pairs.
  • a permissible range of rotational speed for an asynchronous motor is predefined for an application which is substantially independent of rotational speed, this must be maintained by specific pole changing of the motor.
  • the lower limit of the rotational speed range is obtained by the minimal system requirements (e.g. minimal pressure for a pump drive, minimal air mass flow rate for a fan).
  • the upper limit of the rotational speed range is predefined by the mechanical loading capacity of the electrical machine.
  • a rotational speed of the asynchronous motor which goes outside the permissible range were to be obtained, for example, when a relatively low number of pole pairs is set and at the same time, the frequency of the supply network is relatively high, it may be necessary to specifically increase the number of poles to reduce the rotational speed of the asynchronous motor so that this again lies in the permissible range. Conversely, if the number of poles is too high and the frequency of the supply network is too low, the rotational speed of the asynchronous motor may fall below the required rotational speed range so that a specific reduction in the number of poles is required to increase the rotational speed.
  • the specific wiring can, for example, be a delta or a star circuit which is accomplished either by means of a manual, an automatic or a change-over switch (or commutator switch) controlled by an electronic device which can switch to and fro between different types of circuit.
  • a switching hysteresis is provided in this case.
  • the alternating voltage regularly adopts a frequency from a very large frequency range, possibly more than two different types of circuit and therefore more pole changing possibilities are therefore appropriate.
  • the asynchronous machine should be designed according to the predefined frequency range, wherein in particular the frequency at the change-over operating point should be noted. It should further be noted that the number and size of the pole numbers also influences the physical size of the asynchronous machine.
  • Figure 1 shows an exemplary diagram giving the motor rotational speed as a function of the supply frequency and operating limits
  • Figure 2a shows a delta circuit
  • Figure 2b shows a double star circuit
  • Figure 2c shows an exemplary winding scheme
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a method according to the invention for operating an asynchronous motor.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram in which an operating range 2 of a motor required for a predetermined application is identified as a non-shaded white area.
  • the application comprises a coolant pump used to supply a coolant circuit in a modern passenger aircraft.
  • the supply frequency in Hz is plotted as the parameter on the abscissa 4 and the motor rotational speed in revolutions per minute (min " ) is plotted on the ordinate 6.
  • the motor rotational speed at all the supply frequencies attained must lie in the operating range 2 which is delimited by a minimum rotational speed 8 of, for example, 8000 min "1 and a maximum rotational speed of, for example, 16000 min "1 .
  • the supply frequency in this range meanwhile lies in a range of about 360 Hz to 800 Hz and is dependent on the respective rotational speed of the generators driven by the aircraft engines.
  • this frequency range of 360 Hz to 800 Hz is delimited by a minimum frequency 12 and a maximum frequency 14.
  • Figure 1 also shows a first operating curve 16 for an asynchronous motor which is operated on a power supply having the exemplary supply frequency range described hereinbefore.
  • the rotational speed of the motor is thereby reduced by half and is 8000 min "1 at the exemplary change-over supply frequency of 533 Hz.
  • the number of pole pairs of an asynchronous motor can then be actively influenced if the stator winding of the asynchronous motor is divided into a plurality of coils which are connected to one another externally in different ways.
  • all known types of delta and star circuits may be used.
  • the ends of the individual stator windings are usually guided out separately from the motor and, for example, into a plugboard located externally on the motor, where they are then wired together to achieve a certain type of circuit.
  • tap lines may also be used for tapping the windings, these also being guided out from the motor.
  • the connection of the individual ends or tap lines may be made by fixed wiring but in the asynchronous motor according to the invention, a change-over switch not represented in detail may be particularly advantageous.
  • the wiring of the stator windings may be changed rapidly between different types of circuit with different numbers of pole pairs.
  • this changeover takes place automatically whereby the change-over frequency is detected by a rotational speed sensor or by evaluating the mains frequency.
  • Stable change-over processes may be achieved in conjunction with a switching hysteresis provided in the changeover logic.
  • the specific configuration of an asynchronous motor according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention for providing a necessary power in a frequency-variable supply network is effected by designing using conventional methods.
  • Various boundary conditions such as a maximum stator external diameter or a maximum length of the motor are frequently predefined, specifically with the severely restricted space in passenger aircraft.
  • the general design process for an alternating current motor substantially consists of the steps:
  • stator windings parameters such as, for example, number of turns, number of grooves and tooth width will be determined depending on a rated voltage, a rated frequency and the power to be supplied.
  • the groove geometry is determined in the analytical design of the magnetic circuit.
  • B_ which depends on the selected type of circuit of the turns.
  • Separate winding parts of the stator are hereinafter also called “coils".
  • the groups of coils are identified by numbers from Sl to S 12 representing connections which are repeated in the following Figures 2b to 2c. These may be the ends of individual turns but also of tap lines.
  • two coils 22 in each case are connected in series to form a total of three coil groups 24 whose external connection points are connected to one another and to the individual phases of the supply network.
  • FIG. 2c An exemplary winding scheme pertaining to an experimental asynchronous motor according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2c.
  • the individual connection points Sl to S 12 of the individual coils 32 are identified to clarify the representation in Figures 2a and 2b.
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a method for operating an asynchronous motor according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the pole number is reduced 40 when the actual rotational speed falls below the minimal rotational speed 38, so that the rotational speed of the asynchronous motor decreases.
  • the change-over to reduce the rotational speed is preferably made to a delta circuit 42.
  • the operation 36 of the asynchronous motor proceeds continuously. If the maximum rotational speed is exceeded 44, the number of poles of the asynchronous motor is increased 46 to increase the rotational speed.
  • the change-over to increase the rotational speed is preferably made to a double- star circuit 48.
  • the operation 36 of the asynchronous motor is then continued with a new pole number.
  • the change-over may be effected automatically by means of mechanical or electronic aids and in a frequency-dependent manner but a manual change-over may also be advantageous in particular situations.
  • control by a processing unit or an electronic device is feasible, said device being tuned to delimit the rotational speed of the asynchronous motor according to the invention to the permitted range by automatic connection of the stator windings.
  • the asynchronous motor described in the present application for operation at variable-frequency alternating voltages having at least two different numbers of poles may be particularly advantageous for supplying applications substantially independent of rotational speed with mechanical power and not departing from a restricted range of rotational speed regardless of the frequency of the power supply. Due to the feature of the frequency-dependent pole changing according to the invention, a frequency converter may be dispensed with, thus saving weight, reducing space and increasing the efficiency and reliability of the entire drive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un moteur asynchrone qui peut être relié à des tensions alternatives à fréquences variables et qui peut fonctionner à ces tensions alternatives avec au moins deux nombres différents de pôles. Le moteur comprend un stator avec un enroulement de stator se composant d'une pluralité de groupes de spires ou d'une pluralité d'enroulements de stator et un rotor, des lignes de branchement et/ou les extrémités des groupes de spires étant guidées séparément en dehors du moteur vers un commutateur qui permet de limiter la vitesse de rotation du moteur asynchrone à une plage prédéterminée en changeant de pôle. L'invention se rapporte en outre à un procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur asynchrone à des tensions alternatives à fréquences variables.
PCT/EP2008/055420 2007-05-03 2008-05-02 Machine asynchrone à changement de pôle pour fréquences d'alimentation variables WO2008135532A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007020706.0 2007-05-03
DE200710020706 DE102007020706A1 (de) 2007-05-03 2007-05-03 Polumschaltbare Asynchronmaschine für variable Speisefrequenz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008135532A1 true WO2008135532A1 (fr) 2008-11-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/055420 WO2008135532A1 (fr) 2007-05-03 2008-05-02 Machine asynchrone à changement de pôle pour fréquences d'alimentation variables

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007020706A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008135532A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101734174A (zh) * 2008-11-20 2010-06-16 陈成勋 变极变频调速电动车驱动装置
WO2017118723A1 (fr) * 2016-01-07 2017-07-13 Leybold Gmbh Entraînement de pompe à vide avec commutation étoile-triangle
WO2020021087A1 (fr) * 2018-07-26 2020-01-30 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Machine électrique tournante à configuration optimisee
WO2023088283A1 (fr) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 上海华丰工业控制技术工程有限公司 Procédé de changement de pôle pour moteur électrique asynchrone, et système de commande de conduite dérivé, composant et véhicule à nouvelle énergie

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011114139A1 (de) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektromotor, insbesondere polumschaltbarer Motor, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Elektromotors und Elektromotor
DE102013221342A1 (de) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-23 Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh Elektromotor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6152191A (ja) * 1984-08-20 1986-03-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 極数変換電動機の運転方式
US5880571A (en) * 1997-09-11 1999-03-09 Sundstrand Corporation Method of and system for controlling a variable speed induction motor
EP0923192A1 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1999-06-16 Fanuc Ltd Moteur a induction
WO2002023710A1 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Lg Electronics Inc. Moteur a inversion polaire

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6152191A (ja) * 1984-08-20 1986-03-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 極数変換電動機の運転方式
EP0923192A1 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1999-06-16 Fanuc Ltd Moteur a induction
US5880571A (en) * 1997-09-11 1999-03-09 Sundstrand Corporation Method of and system for controlling a variable speed induction motor
WO2002023710A1 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Lg Electronics Inc. Moteur a inversion polaire

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101734174A (zh) * 2008-11-20 2010-06-16 陈成勋 变极变频调速电动车驱动装置
WO2017118723A1 (fr) * 2016-01-07 2017-07-13 Leybold Gmbh Entraînement de pompe à vide avec commutation étoile-triangle
JP2019503163A (ja) * 2016-01-07 2019-01-31 レイボルド ゲーエムベーハー スター−デルタ切り替えを伴う真空ポンプ駆動装置
US10931218B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2021-02-23 Leybold Gmbh Vacuum pump drive with star-delta switchover
TWI745331B (zh) * 2016-01-07 2021-11-11 德商萊寶有限責任公司 真空泵驅動器、真空泵及其驅動方法
WO2020021087A1 (fr) * 2018-07-26 2020-01-30 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Machine électrique tournante à configuration optimisee
FR3084541A1 (fr) * 2018-07-26 2020-01-31 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Machine electrique tournante a configuration optimisee
CN112368914A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2021-02-12 法雷奥电机设备公司 具有优化构造的旋转电机
WO2023088283A1 (fr) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 上海华丰工业控制技术工程有限公司 Procédé de changement de pôle pour moteur électrique asynchrone, et système de commande de conduite dérivé, composant et véhicule à nouvelle énergie

Also Published As

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