WO2008014838A1

WO2008014838A1 - Adaptive fuel

Info

Publication number: WO2008014838A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/004802
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jozsef Bugovics; Sylvester FÜRST ZU YSENBURG UND BÜDINGEN
Original assignee: Neo Energy Ag
Priority date: 2006-07-29
Filing date: 2007-05-31
Publication date: 2008-02-07
Also published as: DE102007020871A1; DE202006011668U1; DE102007020871B4; AT504062A2

Abstract

An adaptive fuel from oil presscakes in the form of pellets which can be used as substitute for wood pellets in plants for the combustion of wood pellets to generate heat energy without modification of the plants being necessary is described. According to the invention, the oil presscake is shaped as a pellet (8) having the geometric dimensions of wood pellets, with an environmentally friendly chemical being added in a proportion of from one to five per cent, preferably two per cent, to the oil presscake and the surface of the pellets (8) formed therefrom being coated.

Description

Adaptive fuel

The invention relates to an adaptive fuel from Ölpresskuchen that meets requirements for wood pellets for heat generation.

Due to the ever increasing worldwide demand for energy, which is primarily covered by fossil raw materials, their resources are reduced significantly, the prices and costs increase significantly in return. The use of alternative energy sources is being driven forward for this reason.

A starting point is the production of energy from renewable raw materials and other biomass. In particular, for the generation of heat, such as for heating buildings, inter alia wood waste and residues in the form of standardized pellets are used.

With these wood pellets, specially designed fireplaces can be operated automatically.

During combustion, about as much CO _{2 is produced} as is absorbed during the growth of the raw material, however, during combustion, a considerable amount of fine dust is sometimes released into the environment.

In addition, the raw material wood does not grow so fast that a demand cover can be secured for a longer period of time. Furthermore, were pressed pellets from waste previously the saw ^¬ plants (wood flour). Due to the rapidly increasing number of pellet heaters, the demand can no longer be met by wood waste. Increasingly, sawdust has to be produced from solid wood in an energy-intensive process, which is later pressed into wood pellets. The additional expense considerably worsens the energy balance of the otherwise environmentally friendly fuel. Renewable resources also produce bioenergy in the form of fuels.

Biodiesel is produced to a greater extent from vegetable oil, such as rapeseed oil or oil from other oilseeds or oilseeds.

The recovery of rapeseed oil is carried out in particular by means of a cold pressing process, wherein obtained in the usual way after pressing a press cake. This press cake still has an oil content in the order of 7% - 10% and is currently used mainly as animal feed.

The accumulating amount of such press cake increases with the amount of rapeseed oil produced and can no longer be fully utilized as feed. In continuous processes, the press cake has a crumbly structure which, due to the oil content, tends to cake during storage.

During storage, damage by fungi or biological processes can also occur, making re-use and storage considerably more difficult.

An energetic use of the press cake in the present form, the use as a fuel is not effectively possible because in the press cake significant proportions, for example. Sodium and potassium are to be found. This leads together with other proteins to a slagging and glazing of the combustion chamber, which would have to be cleaned consuming. The stove is unusable after a short time. In order to prevent this, very expensive new furnaces would have to be constructed which would ensure turbulence and subsequent disposal of the refuse. This creates considerable fine dust. Such a combustion system would, for example, very expensive for home use and associated with considerable maintenance and care. An otherwise simple disposal of accumulating ash is not given.

In the document DE 102 45 316 Al it is proposed rapeseed cake, as it results after passing through the rapeseed to burn heat.

The pressed rape should be dried before combustion with the waste heat of the press motor.

With the described solution, at best, the press residues resulting from the production of rapeseed oil can be used as fuel immediately after pressing, since otherwise, even after drying, without further treatment, no storage is possible and further problems during combustion, such as glazing, occur. It is not possible to use the rape cake in the manner described as a substitute for wood pellets.

The object of the invention is to develop a fuel from oil press cake in the form of pellets, which can be used in existing plants for the combustion of wood pellets for the production of heat energy, without the need of retrofitting the equipment, as a full substitute for wood pellets.

The object is solved by the features listed in claim 1. Preferred developments emerge from the subclaims.

It is proposed to use the oil press cake as fuel which is adapted to the requirements for wood pellets used in dedicated heating systems and fireplaces.

The basic idea of the solution is to reduce oil production from oilseeds or oil crops. Forming a presscake as a pellet by adding an environmentally friendly chemical and by means of a surface treatment to prevent caking of the pressed pellets. The geometric dimensions of the pellets correspond to those of standard wood pellets.

The fuel based on oil press cake is adapted to the specific requirements for wood pellets for heat recovery.

The pellets of the adapted fuel from oil press cake have an additive, for example, of in particular calcium oxide in a proportion of one to five percent, preferably two percent. Other materials contributing to the ash point increase can also be used.

The invention will be illustrated with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

1 shows a grinding and pressing device 1 is visible, which is connected to an existing cold press 2, which takes an oil press cake 3 and comminuted / comminuted again in a grinding device 4 and with an additive 5, via a metering device 6, at the same time homogeneous mixed, wherein the cold press 2 and the grinding and pressing device 1 may be formed as a unit, wherein the ground / crushed oil press cake 3 and the admixed aggregate 5 is then pressed as a mixture using an extruder 7 or other suitable method to the standard shape of the wood pellets the pressed pellets 8 are either chemically treated in a compartment I 9 or thermally treated in a compartment II 10; According to FIG. 2, the pellets 8 are guided through two or more rollers 11, which have a very high temperature; immediately after rolling, the pellets 8 become forwarded in a container 12 with CO ₂ , to be then packaged.

Due to the thermal treatment in Division II 10, the pellet shell has a high temperature and the carbon concentration on the pellet membrane increases, thereby reducing susceptibility to fungal or mold infestation without the addition of chemicals.

Alternatively or additionally, according to FIG. 3, the outer skin 14 of the pellets 8 can also be finished chemically as outer skin II 15 by surface treatment after the grinding and pressing device 1, for example in a dip bath with the coating or impregnating material or with it be sprayed. Optionally, there is a subsequent drying and then storage.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 3, the pellet 8, after the alternative admixed additive 5 treatments, the outer skin 14 which is untreated, consists of the outer skin II 15 which is chemically treated and the outer skin III 16 which is thermally treated is.

The caking of the pellets 8 (adhering together) is prevented by means of a surface treatment, wherein the surface is coated with a wax or fat or another cross-linking substance (lacquer).

Conveniently, waxes or fats derived from the production of biofuels for the surface treatment of the pellets 8 of the adapted fuel may be used and converted into a varnish-like consistency.

As an alternative to the coating impregnation of the surface of the pellets 8 with one of these substances or glycerol and Glyzerinabkömmlingen can be realized. For the surface treatment of the pellets 8, all other substances are suitable which prevent sticking of the pellets 8 and biological damage during storage and cause no polluting emissions during combustion.

For the production of the adapted fuel can be used previously conventional equipment for the continuous extraction of oil from oilseeds and oil crops by means of simple additional equipment.

The advantages of the invention are, in particular, that the fuel pellets adapted to the properties of wood pellets required for use as fuel in the production of oil from oilseeds or oil fruits during storage does not ensure complete combustion without slagging, in part has higher calorific value than wood pellets and emits much less particulate matter during combustion.

The pellets of the adapted fuel have due to the surface treatment carried out in conveyors on a low coefficient of friction, improved flowability and depending on the material used for the surface treatment or impregnation an even further increased calorific value.

The ash from the combustion of the adapted fuel can easily be used as fertilizer.

For wood pellets designed firing technology and associated equipment for automatic operation may not be converted. Biological damage to the adapted fuel is avoided, so that the shelf life is given.

Used reference signs

1 grinding and pressing device

2 cold press

3 oil press cake

4 grinding device

5 additive

6 dosing device

7 extruders

8 pellets

9 Division I

10 Division II

11 rolls

12 containers

13 packing station

14 outer skin I

15 outer skin II

16 outer skin III

Claims

claims

1. Adaptive fuel from, in the extraction of oil from oilseeds or oil crops, preferably rapeseed, resulting oil press cake, as a substitute for wood pellets to recover heat energy by combustion, characterized in that the oil press cake as a pellet (8) with the geometric dimensions of standardized Wood pellets is formed, wherein the surface of the pellet (8) is untreated or treated.

2. Adaptive fuel as a substitute for wood pellets according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil press cake is added to an environmentally friendly chemical in a proportion of one to five percent, preferably two percent.

3. Adaptive fuel as a substitute for wood pellets according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the surface of the pellet (8) is impregnated.

4. Adaptive fuel as a substitute for wood pellets according to claim 1 and 2 or 3, characterized in that the environmentally friendly chemical is calcium oxide.

Adaptive fuel substitute for wood pellets according to claims 1 to 4 or one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the surface of the pellet (8) consists of an outer skin I (14) which is not treated, or from an outer skin II (15) which is chemically treated, or / and is formed from an outer skin III (16) which is thermally treated.

THERE ARE THREE PAGES DRAWINGS