WO2007125783A1 - プリン系物質生産菌及びプリン系物質の製造法 - Google Patents
プリン系物質生産菌及びプリン系物質の製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007125783A1 WO2007125783A1 PCT/JP2007/058357 JP2007058357W WO2007125783A1 WO 2007125783 A1 WO2007125783 A1 WO 2007125783A1 JP 2007058357 W JP2007058357 W JP 2007058357W WO 2007125783 A1 WO2007125783 A1 WO 2007125783A1
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
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- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
- C12P19/28—N-glycosides
- C12P19/30—Nucleotides
- C12P19/32—Nucleotides having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two N-atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleotides, nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide
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- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
- C12P19/28—N-glycosides
- C12P19/38—Nucleosides
- C12P19/40—Nucleosides having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleosides
Definitions
- Purine substance producing bacteria and method for producing purine substance are provided.
- the present invention relates to purine nucleotides such as 5'-inosinic acid and 5'-guaric acid, and purine nucleosides such as inosine and guanosine, which are important as raw materials for their synthesis. And a Bacillus bacterium used therein. Purine substances are useful as seasonings, medicines, and raw materials thereof. Background art
- mutants Conventionly, microorganisms have been subjected to mutagenesis treatment such as UV irradiation or nitrosoguanidine (N-methy ⁇ ⁇ '-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) treatment, and appropriate selections have been made. A method of obtaining a target mutant strain using a medium has been performed.
- mutagenesis treatment such as UV irradiation or nitrosoguanidine (N-methy ⁇ ⁇ '-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) treatment
- the repressor protein in addition to the purine operon gene group, includes a purA gene involved in AMP biosynthesis (see Non-Patent Document 2), and a glyA gene involved in formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthesis ( It is known to regulate the expression of the pbuG gene (see Non-patent Document 4) encoding the transporter of hypoxanthine Z guanine (see Non-patent Document 3).
- the succin-lou AMP synthase gene (purA) A microorganism that efficiently produces inosine by destroying and imparting adenine requirement, and destroying purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene (deoD) to inhibit degradation of inosine into hypoxanthine, and A method for producing inosine using bismuth has been disclosed (see Patent Document 8).
- Transaldolase is one of the pentose phosphate pathways and catalyzes the reversible reaction to produce D erythrose 4-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate from sedheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is an enzyme. The relationship between this enzyme and the biosynthetic pathway of purine substances is not well known, and no attempt has been made to breed purine substance-producing bacteria by reducing the enzyme activity.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 38-23099
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No.54-17033
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-2956
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-45199
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Publication No.57--14160
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Publication No.57-41915
- Patent Document 7 JP 59-42895 A
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-242610
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Publication No. 51--5075
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-17592
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-158197
- Patent Document 12 JP-A-58-175493
- Patent Document 13 JP 59-28470
- Patent Document 14 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-156388
- Patent Document 16 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1 174385
- Patent Document 18 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-164185
- Patent Document 19 JP-A-5-84067
- Patent Document 20 JP-A-5-192164
- Patent Document 21 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-248394
- Patent Document 22 Pamphlet of International Publication No. 99Z03988
- Patent Document 23 U.S. Pat.No. 6,284,495
- Non-patent literature l Agri Biol. Chem., 1978, 42, 399-405
- Non-Patent Document 2 Pro Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 7455-7459
- Non-Patent Document 3 J. BacterioL, 2001, 183, 6175-6183
- Non-Patent Document 4 J. BacterioL, 2003, 185, 5200-5209
- the present invention provides a method for producing a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus suitable for producing purine-based substances such as purine nucleosides and Z or purine nucleotides by fermentation, and a method for producing a purine-based substance using the bacteria.
- the issue is to provide.
- the present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, it was found that the ability to produce purine nucleotides was improved by reducing the enzyme activity of transaldolase in the pentose phosphate pathway in Bacillus bacteria, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a Bacillus bacterium having an ability to produce purine substances and modified so that the enzyme activity of transaldolase is reduced.
- the Bacillus bacterium wherein the purine substance is a purine nucleoside selected from the group consisting of inosine, xanthosine, guanosine, and adenosine.
- the purine substance is a purine nucleotide selected from the group consisting of inosinic acid, xanthylic acid, guaric acid, and adenylic acid.
- the expression level of the purine operon is increased due to the destruction of the purR gene, which encodes the purine operon repressor, or the removal of part of the purine operon's ate-user region.
- the Bacillus bacterium as described above.
- the bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus is cultured in a medium, the purine substance is accumulated in the cells of the bacteria or in the medium, and the purine substance is recovered from the cell or medium. Manufacturing method.
- the purine substance is a purine nucleoside selected from the group consisting of inosine, xanthosine, guanosine, and adenosine.
- the purine substance is a purine nucleotide selected from the group consisting of inosinic acid, xanthylic acid, guanylic acid, and adenylic acid.
- the purine substance is a purine nucleotide selected from the group consisting of inosinic acid, xanthylic acid, guanylic acid, and adenylic acid.
- a method for producing a purine nucleotide which comprises producing a purine nucleotide by allowing a microorganism having acid or acid phosphatase to act, and collecting the purine nucleotide.
- the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus which has a purine substance-producing ability and has been modified so that the enzyme activity of transaldolase is reduced.
- Purine-based substance refers to a substance containing a purine skeleton, and examples thereof include purine nucleosides and purine nucleotides.
- Purine nucleosides include inosine, xanthosine, guanosine, adenosine, etc.
- purine nucleotides include purine nucleoside 5, monophosphate esters, such as inosine acid (also referred to as “IMP”).
- Xanthylic acid xanthosine-5, monophosphate, also referred to as “XMP”
- guaric acid guanosine 5, monomonophosphate, hereinafter also referred to as “GMP”
- AMP adenylate
- Bacillus bacterium of the present invention is cultured in a medium, the purine-based substance is produced in the cell or in the medium to such an extent that it can be recovered from the cell or the medium. The ability to secrete and accumulate.
- the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention may have two or more kinds of productivity among the purine substances.
- the Bacillus bacterium having purine-based substance-producing ability may be inherently purine-based substance-producing ability, but the following Bacillus genus bacteria may be mutated or modified by DNA. It may be obtained by modifying it so that it has the ability to produce purine substances using the law. Further, it may be a Bacillus bacterium to which the purine substance production ability is imparted or enhanced by modifying so that the enzyme activity of transaldolase is lowered as described later.
- enzyme activity is reduced means that the transaldolase, an enzyme that degrades purine substances described later, an inosine monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase, or the like.
- Elementary activity is lower than that in an unmodified strain, such as a wild-type Bacillus bacterium, and the activity is substantially lost. The same applies to the activity of the purine operon repressor described later.
- Bacillus bacterium used to obtain the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention examples include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, and the like.
- Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis 168 Marburg (ATCC6051), Bacillus subtilis PY79 (Plasmid, 1984, 12, 1-9) isobaric Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T And Bacillus' Miloliquefaciens N (ATCC23845).
- Bacillus pumilus include Bacillus pumilus Gottheil No. 3218 (ATCC No. 21005) (US Pat. No. 3,616,206). These strains can be obtained from the American 'Type' Culture 'Collection, Address P.O. Box 1549 Manassas, VA 20108, United States of America.
- a Bacillus bacterium having a purine-based substance-producing ability can be obtained by, for example, imparting a resistance to a drug such as a purine nucleoside requirement or a purine analog to the Bacillus bacterium as described above. Yes (see Japanese Examined Sho 38-23099, Shoko Sho 54-170 33, Shoko Sho 55-45199, Shoko Sho 57-14160, Shoko Sho 57-41915, Shoko Sho 59-4 2895). Bacillus bacteria with auxotrophy and drug resistance are used for normal mutation treatments such as N-methyl-N, -nitro-N--trosoguanidine (NTG) or EMS (ethylmethanesulfonate). It can be obtained by treatment with a known mutagen.
- NTG N-methyl-N, -nitro-N--trosoguanidine
- EMS ethylmethanesulfonate
- Bacillus bacteria that produce purine nucleosides include the following.
- Bacillus subtilis KMBS16 strain 6 can be used as a specific example of an inosine producing strain belonging to the genus Bacillus.
- the strain encodes the pur R gene (purR :: spc), which encodes the purine operon repressor, the purA gene (purA :: erm), which encodes succi-loop AMP synthase, and the purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
- This is a known derivative of Bacillus subtilis trpC2 strain (168 Marburg) into which a deoD gene deletion (deoD :: kan) has been introduced (JP 2004-242610, US2004166575A1).
- Rus subtilis strain AJ3772 FERM P-2555
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-014794 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-014794.
- Bacillus bacterium having an ability to produce guanosine a Bacillus bacterium having an increased IMP dehydrogenase activity (JP-A-3-58787), a purine analog resistance or a decoin resistance gene is incorporated.
- Examples include Bacillus bacteria (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-28357) in which a vector is introduced into an adenine-requiring mutant.
- Bacillus bacteria that produce purine nucleotides include the following.
- inosinic acid-producing bacteria inosine-producing strains with reduced phosphatase activity of Bacillus subtilis have been reported (Uchida, K. et al., Agr. Biol. Chem., 1961, 25, 804-805, Fujimoto, M. Uchida, K., Agr. Biol. Chem., 1965, 29, 249-259).
- guanylate-producing bacterium As a guanylate-producing bacterium, adenine-requiring bacteria and resistance to decoinin or methionine sulfoxide are used, and 5, -guanyl acid (guanosine 5, monomonophosphate, hereinafter also referred to as “GMP”) ) Mutants of the genus Bacillus having production ability (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-12438).
- the xanthylic acid-producing bacterium can be constructed by using the method used for breeding coryneform bacteria centering on Corynebacterium ammmoniagenes. For example, by obtaining a PRPP amidotransferase-enhanced strain (JP-A 8-168383), an aliphatic amino acid resistant strain (JP-A 4-262790), and a dehydroproline resistant strain (Korea Patent Publication 2003-56490), xanthylic acid is obtained. Production bacteria can be constructed.
- Bacillus bacteria having the ability to produce purine-based substances examples thereof include a method for increasing the intracellular activity of an enzyme involved in purine biosynthesis common to purine nucleosides and purine nucleotides, that is, purine biosynthesis enzyme.
- the intracellular activity of the enzyme is preferably increased as compared to an unmodified strain of a Bacillus bacterium, for example, a wild-type Bacillus bacterium.
- Activity increases corresponds to, for example, a case where the number of enzyme molecules per cell increases or a case where the specific activity per enzyme molecule increases.
- the activity can be increased by increasing the expression level of the enzyme gene.
- Examples include phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amide transferase, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPP synthetase [EC: 2.7.6.1]), etc.
- a part of the catabolite produced by metabolism by a sugar source such as glucose incorporated into the pentose phosphate system becomes ribose 1-5-phosphate via ribulose 1-5-phosphate.
- Biosynthesized ribose 5-phosphate produces purine nucleosides, histidine, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), an indispensable precursor for tryptophan biosynthesis.
- PRPP phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
- PRPP phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
- the ability to produce purine substances can be imparted to or enhanced in bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus by modifying the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity to increase.
- the activity of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase is increased means that the activity of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase is increased relative to an unmodified strain such as a wild strain or a parent strain.
- the activity of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase can be measured by, for example, the method of Switzer et al. (Methods EnzymoL, 1978, 51, 3-11), the method of Roth et al. (Methods EnzymoL, 1978, 51, 12-17) .
- Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus whose activity of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase has been increased can be obtained by, for example, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase by a method using a plasmid or a method of integrating on a chromosome in the same manner as described in JP-A-2004-242610. Can be produced by highly expressing a gene coding for Bacillus bacteria.
- Examples of a gene encoding a phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase that can be used in the present invention include a prs gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus described in SEQ ID NO: 3 (Genbank Accession No. X16518). Any gene derived from animals or plants can be used as long as it encodes a protein belonging to the genus Bacillus and having phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity.
- PRPP which is an essential precursor for purine nucleoside, histidine, and tryptophan biosynthesis
- a part of it is converted to purine nucleotides and purine nucleosides by enzymes involved in purine biosynthesis. Is converted.
- the genes encoding such enzymes include the Bacillus subtilis purine operon, specifically the purEKB—pu rC (orf) QLF-purMNH (J) —purD operon gene (Ebbole DJ and Zalkin H, J . Biol. Chem., 1987, 262, 17, 8274-87) (Currently also called purEKBCSQLFMNHD: Bacillus subtilis and Its Closest Relatives, Editor in Chief: AL Sonenshein, ASM
- purine operon genes that can be used in the present invention are not limited to these, and genes derived from other microorganisms and animals and plants can also be used.
- Examples of a method for increasing the expression level of the purine operon include a method in which the purine operon gene is highly expressed in Bacillus bacteria by a method using a plasmid or a method of incorporating it into a chromosome.
- the purine operon-specific promoter may be replaced with a stronger promoter, or the 35--10 region of the unique promoter may be replaced with a consensus sequence. Is mentioned.
- a third method for increasing the expression level of the purine operon there is a method of decreasing the expression level of the repressor of the purine operon (USP6, 284, 495). “Expression of purine operon repressor” includes both transcription of the purine operon gene and translation of the transcript. Further, “reducing the expression level” means that the expression level is lower than that in an unmodified strain such as a wild-type Bacillus genus, and the expression is substantially lost. Including.
- the Bacillus bacterium is treated with ultraviolet rays or a mutagen that is usually used for mutagenesis such as NTG or EMS.
- a method of selecting a mutant strain in which the expression level of the purine repressor is reduced can be employed.
- the Bacillus bacterium in which the expression level of the purine repressor has decreased for example, a homologous recombination method (Experiments in Molecular Genetics, old Spring Harbor Laboratory) press (1972); Matsuyama, b. ana izushima, S., J. BacterioL, 1985, 162, 1196-1202), a gene encoding a purine repressor on the chromosome (purR; GenBank Accession NC—000964 (coding region) Can be obtained by substituting the base numbers 54439 to 5 5293; SEQ ID NO: 5) with a gene that does not function normally (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “destructive gene”).
- Such a gene disruption technique by homologous recombination has already been established, and a method using linear DNA, a method using a temperature-sensitive plasmid, and the like can be used.
- the purR gene can also be destroyed by using a plasmid that contains a purR gene into which a marker gene such as drug resistance is inserted and cannot replicate in the target microorganism cell. You can. That is, a transformant that has been transformed with the plasmid and has acquired drug resistance has a marker gene incorporated in the chromosomal DNA. Since this marker gene is likely to be integrated by homologous recombination between the purR gene sequence at both ends of the marker gene and the purR gene on the chromosome, a gene-disrupted strain can be efficiently selected.
- the disrupted purR gene used for gene disruption is a deletion of a specific region of the purR gene by restriction enzyme digestion and recombination, or other DNA fragments (one gene per gene). Etc.), site-specific mutagenesis (Kramer, W. and Fritz, HJ, Methods EnzymoL, 1987, 154, 350-367) or recombinant PCR (PCR Technology, Stockton Press (1989)) PurR gene coding by treatment with chemical agents such as sodium sulfite and hydroxylamine (Shortle, D. and Nathans, D., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- the method of deleting a certain region of the purR gene by restriction enzyme digestion and recombination, or the method of inserting another DNA fragment into the purR gene is from the viewpoint of certainty and stability. preferable.
- the fixed region of the purR gene to be deleted may be on the 5 ′ end side, the internal side, or the 3 ′ end side of the purR gene, but 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more of the total length of the purR gene, particularly If it is preferably 97% or more, the certainty that the activity of the repressor is lowered is increased.
- the base is deleted or inserted into the coding region of the purR gene to cause a frame shift mutation, the base is deleted or inserted at a plurality of positions, and the base at the 3 ′ end side. Deletion or insertion is preferable in that the activity of the repressor can be surely reduced.
- a decrease in purine repressor activity is caused by a mutation that reduces the activity of purine repressor in the cell to the purR gene on the chromosome by the usual mutation treatment method.
- introducing an amino acid substitution (missense mutation) into a region encoding an enzyme on a chromosome, introducing a stop codon (nonsense mutation), or introducing a frameshift mutation that deletes one or two base additions , Remains It can also be achieved by deleting part or all of the gene.
- the activity of the repressor can be reduced by inserting a transposon into the purR gene on the chromosome.
- the reduction of the activity of the purine repressor can also be achieved by substituting a weaker expression regulatory sequence such as a purR gene promoter on the chromosomal DNA.
- Promoter strength is defined by the frequency of RNA synthesis initiation. Methods for evaluating promoter strength and examples of strong promoters are described in Goldstein et al. (Prokaryotic promoters in biotechnology. Biotechnol. Annu. Rev., 1995, 1, 105-128).
- RBS ribosome binding site
- a recombinant DNA into which a mutation that causes instability in the messenger RNA transcribed from the purR gene may be prepared, and this may be introduced into a Bacillus bacterial host and transformed.
- the activity of the encoded enzyme can be reduced in the same manner as described above.
- the purR gene can be obtained from the chromosomal DNA of a microorganism having a purine operon by a PCR method using an oligonucleotide prepared based on the base sequence of a known purR gene as a primer.
- the purR gene can be obtained from a chromosomal DNA library of a microorganism having a purine operon by a hybridization method using an oligonucleotide prepared as a probe based on the base sequence of a known purR gene. it can.
- the base sequence of the purR gene has been reported (GenBank accession No.
- D26185 (the coding region is base numbers 118041 to 11898), NC_000964 (the coding region is base numbers 54439 to 55296)).
- the base sequence of the purR gene and the amino acid sequence encoded by the same gene are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 6 in the sequence listing. (See JP 2004-242610).
- Primers used in PCR to obtain the purR gene are not limited as long as they can amplify a part or the full length of the purR gene. Specifically, SEQ ID NO: 17 (GAA GTTGATGATCAAAA) and sequence And an oligonucleotide having the base sequence shown by No. 18 (ACATATTGTTGACGATAAT).
- the purR gene used for the preparation of a disrupted gene need only have a length necessary for causing gene disruption, not necessarily including the entire length.
- the microorganism used for obtaining each gene is not particularly limited as long as the gene has homology that causes homologous recombination with the purR gene of the genus Bacillus used to create the gene disruption strain. ⁇ .
- Examples of the marker gene include drug resistance genes such as a spectinomycin resistance gene, a kanamycin resistance gene, and a tetracycline resistance gene.
- the spectinomycin metagene derived from Enterococcus faecalis was prepared from the strain of Escherichia coli ECE101 commercially available from Bacillus Dienetic Stock Center (BGSC). It can be acquired by issuing.
- the erythromycin metagene of Staphylococcus aureus was prepared by preparing plasmid pDG646 from Escherichia coli ECE91 marketed by Bacillus Dienetic Stock Center (BGSC) and removing it from the plasmid as a cassette. Can get.
- Streptococcus faecalis kanamycin resistance gene is prepared from Escherichia coli ECE94 marketed by Bacillus dienetic stock center (BGSC), and plasmid pDG783 is prepared. Can also be obtained by taking it out as a cassette.
- the chloramphee-cole metagene of Staphylococcus aureus was prepared from the Bacillus subtilis 1 E17 strain commercially available from the Bacillus dienetic stock center (BGSC). It can be obtained by PCR amplification as a saddle type.
- the Escherichia coli ECE99 strain can also be obtained by preparing plasmid pDG1513 and removing it as a plasmid force cassette (Gene 1995 167: 335-336).
- a drug resistance gene is used as a marker gene
- the gene is inserted into an appropriate site of the purR gene in the plasmid, and a microorganism is transformed with the resulting plasmid. If selected, a purR gene-disrupted strain can be obtained.
- the destruction of the purR gene on the chromosome can be confirmed by analyzing the purR gene or marker gene on the chromosome by Southern blotting or PCR. Confirmation that the spectinomycin resistance gene, erythromycin resistance gene or kanamycin resistance gene has been incorporated into the chromosomal DNA can be carried out by PCR using a primer capable of amplifying these genes.
- the expression of the purine operon is controlled by a terminator-antiterminator sequence (hereinafter referred to as a "category sequence") located downstream of the promoter (Ebbole, DJ and Zalkin, H “J. Biol. Chem., 1987, 262, 8274-8287, E bbole, DJ and Zalkin, H., J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263, 10894-10902, Ebbole, DJ and Zalkin, H "J. BacterioL, 1989, 171, 2136-2141). Therefore, deletion of the Atheneue sequence can increase the expression level of the purine operon. Deletion of the satellite sequence can be carried out in the same manner as purR destruction.
- the above methods may be combined.
- the purine operon in which the purR gene is disrupted and the ate-user sequence is deleted can be used as a plasmid.
- the activity of an enzyme involved in purine biosynthesis may be increased by releasing the regulation of the enzyme involved in purine biosynthesis, for example, by a method of releasing feedback inhibition of the enzyme. Yes (WO99 / 03988).
- the ability to produce purine substances can also be enhanced by weakening the incorporation of purine substances into cells.
- purine nucleoside uptake into cells is weakened by blocking the reactions involved in the uptake of purine nucleosides into cells. You can do it.
- the reaction involved in the incorporation of the purine nucleoside into the cell is, for example, a reaction catalyzed by a nucleoside permease.
- purine nucleoside phosphorylase when producing purine nucleosides, the activity of an enzyme that degrades purine substances may be reduced in order to enhance the ability to produce purine nucleosides.
- An example of such an enzyme is purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
- Purine nucleotides biosynthesized by an enzyme group involved in purine biosynthesis such as PRPP are dephosphorylated and converted to purine nucleosides.
- an enzyme group involved in purine biosynthesis such as PRPP
- purine nucleosides are dephosphorylated and converted to purine nucleosides.
- the reduction of purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity can be achieved by disrupting the deoD gene and pupG gene encoding purine nucleoside phosphorylase in Bacillus bacteria.
- the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention may be modified so as to disrupt the deoD gene and the pupG gene alone or simultaneously as described above.
- the deoD gene and pupG gene for example, a gene derived from the genus Bacillus (deoD; Genbank Accession No. NC—000964 (SEQ ID NO: 7), pupG; Genbank Accession No. NC—000964 (SEQ ID NO: 9)) can be used, A gene-disrupted strain can be obtained in the same manner as the purR gene disruption.
- succin-lou AMP synthase examples include the purrA gene.
- purA gene examples include those having the nucleotide sequence registered under GenBank Accession No. NC — 000964 (coding region is base number 4153460-4155749 of complementary strand) (SEQ ID NO: 11).
- the activity of inosine monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase may be decreased in order to enhance the ability to produce purine substances.
- Examples of the gene encoding IMP dehydrogenase include the guaB gene.
- the guaB gene has, for example, the nucleotide sequence registered in GenBank Accession No. NC-000 964 (coding region is 15913-17376) (SEQ ID NO: 13) Things.
- fructose-bisphosphatase may be reduced in order to enhance the ability to produce purine substances.
- An example of a gene encoding fructose bisphosphatase is the ip gene.
- Examples of the fcp gene include those having a base sequence registered in GenBank Accession No. NC_000964 (coding region is 4127053-4129065) (SEQ ID NO: 15).
- the purR, deoD, pupG, purA, guaB, or fcp gene disrupted as described above, or the prs gene whose expression is enhanced may each be a conservative Norient, for example, SEQ ID NO: 6, In the amino acid sequence shown in 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, or 4, it contains one or several amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, additions, or inversions, and a purine librelator, a purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and a succinose, respectively.
- It may be DNA encoding a protein having the activity of rho AMP synthase, IMP dehydrogenase, or fructose-bisphosphatase, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase.
- the “several” is, for example, 2 to 50, preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 10.
- Changes to the amino acid sequence as described above are usually conservative changes that maintain the activity of the protein.
- Conservative amino acid substitutions include substitution of Ala by ser or thr; substitution of arg by gln, his or lys; substitution of asn by glu, gln, lys, his, asp; by as n, glu or gin asp; cys with ser or ala; gin with asn, glu, lys, hi s, asp or arg; glu with asn, gln, lys or asp; gly with pro; asn, substitution of his by lys, gln, arg, tyr; substitution of i le by leu, met ⁇ val, phe; substitution of leu by ile, met ⁇ val, phe; substitution of lys by asn, glu, gln, his, arg Substitution of met by ile, leu, val, phe; substitution of
- Examples of stringent conditions include conditions in which washing is performed at a salt concentration corresponding to 60 ° C., 1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, and preferably 0.1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS.
- the number of washings is one or more, preferably two or three.
- DNA homology can be evaluated by a calculation method such as BLAST search, FASTA search and CrustalW.
- BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
- blastp, bias tn, blastx, megablast, tblastn, and tblastx are statistics from Karlin, Samuel and Stephen F. Alts chul Methods for assessing the statistical s ignificance of molecular sequence features by using general scoring schemes (“Methods for assessing the statistical s ignificance of molecular sequence features by using general scoring schemes ) ", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1990, 87: 2264-68," Applications and statistics for multiple high-s coring segments in molecular sequences ". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- the FASTA search method is described by WR Pearson !, ("Rapid and sensitive Sequence Comparison with FAb ⁇ and FASTA", Metho ds in Enzymology, 1990 183: 63-98)
- the ClustalW method is described by Thompson JD ⁇ Higgins DG and Gibson TJ (“CLUSTAL W: The sensitivity of progressive multi-sequence alignments by selection of sequence weights, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix methods”). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple se quence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and w eight matrix choices ", Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22: 4673-4680).
- DNA used for the preparation of the disrupted gene may also be a conservative noble of the purR, deoD, pupG, purA or guaB gene.
- the target gene In order to incorporate the target gene into the chromosomal DNA of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, it may be carried out in the same manner as a gene encoding a transaldase described later.
- the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention can be obtained by modifying a strain having the purine substance-producing ability as described above so that the enzyme activity of transaldolase is reduced.
- the order of modification is not limited, and purine nucleotide-producing ability may be imparted after modification so that the enzyme activity of transaldolase is reduced.
- transaldolase catalyzes a reaction that reversibly generates D-erythrose 4-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate from sedheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glycose aldehyde 3-phosphate. This reaction is part of the pentose phosphate pathway reaction.
- the “Pentose Phosphate Pathway” is phosphorylated by the glucose power glucose kinase incorporated into cells and biosynthesizes glucose-6-phosphate.
- Glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to ribose 5- Phosphate of triose, tetrorose, pentose, hexose, heptose by the action of epimerase, transketolase (EC: 2.2.1.1), and transrenodolase (EC: 2.2.1.2) This means a pathway consisting of a reversible process in which an ester interconverts.
- the enzyme activity of transaldolase can be measured by the following method.
- the produced D-daliceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into hydroxyaceton phosphate by triosephosphate isomerase, and this is measured using glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADH (Ochoa, T "and Horecker, B. L "1966, Methods EnzymoL, 9, 499-5 05).
- transaldolase In order to modify the enzyme activity of transaldolase to decrease, for example, as shown in the above-mentioned destruction of the purR gene, a gene encoding transaldolase on the chromosome by homologous recombination. Genes that do not function properly (for example, markers such as drug resistance) This can be achieved by replacing one gene with a disrupted gene inserted into the gene encoding transaldolase. Further, as described for the purR gene, a mutation that reduces the enzyme activity of transaldase in the cell may be introduced into the transaldolase gene on the chromosome by a usual mutation treatment method.
- the transaldolase of Bacillus subtilis includes a protein composed of 212 amino acids shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and a gene encoding the protein, preferably SEQ ID NO: 1 (ywjH gene; Genbank Accession No. NC_000964 ) Can be used for modification.
- the ywjH gene is present at around 325 degrees on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
- transaldolase may also be a conservative variant of the ywjH gene, similar to the aforementioned genes. Specifically, in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, it encodes a protein containing one or several amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, additions or inversions and having transaldolase enzyme activity. DNA to do. Alternatively, it has a homology of preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, further preferably 80%, particularly preferably 90% or more, most preferably 95% or more, with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. And DNA encoding a protein having the enzyme activity of transaldolase.
- Stringent conditions include conditions in which washing is performed at a salt concentration corresponding to 60 ° C., 1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, preferably 0.1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS.
- the number of washings is one or more, preferably two or three.
- DNA encoding a protein substantially the same as transaldolase as described above is substituted, deleted, inserted, added, or reversed by substitution of an amino acid residue at a specific site, for example, by site-directed mutagenesis. It is obtained by modifying the base sequence encoding these enzymes so as to include the position.
- the modified DNA as described above can also be obtained by a conventionally known mutation treatment.
- Mutation treatment includes in vitro treatment of DNA before mutation treatment with hydroxylamine or the like, and microorganisms that retain the DNA before mutation treatment, such as bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia, by ultraviolet irradiation or N-methyl-N '-tro. — N— -Torosogua
- a method of treating with a mutagen that is usually used for mutagenesis treatment such as nisine (NTG) or nitrous acid.
- the target gene is, for example, a PCR method (PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PCR) using a chromosomal DNA of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus as a cage and using an oligonucleotide prepared based on the base sequence of the target gene as a primer.
- Chromosomal DNA can be obtained from bacterial donors such as DNA donors such as the method of Saito and Miura (H. Saito and K. Miura, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1963, 72, 619-629, Japan Biotechnology Society, 97-98, Bafukan, 199 2).
- Primers for PCR should be prepared based on the known gene sequences of Bacillus bacteria, or based on information on regions where sequences are conserved between known genes in other bacteria, etc. Can do.
- a temperature such as pHV1248 (Prtit, M.-A., et. Al., J. BacterioL, 1990, 172, 6736-6740) is used.
- examples include vectors having a sensitive origin of replication, and vectors for E. coli such as PHSG398 (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) and pBluescript SK— (Stratagene).
- the vector is cleaved with a restriction enzyme that matches the end of the target gene. Ligation is usually performed using a ligase such as T4DNA ligase.
- any transformation method reported so far may be used.
- a method for preparing competent cells from cells at the growth stage and introducing DNA Dubnau, D., and Davidoff-Abelson, R., J. Mol. Biol, 1971, 56, 209-221 or host A method in which cells are converted into protoplasts or spheroplasts that readily incorporate recombinant DNA, and thread-replaced DNA is introduced into DNA recipients (Chang, S. and Cohen, SN, Molec. Gen. Genet., 1979 168, 111-11 5).
- the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention efficiently produces purine substances. Therefore, by culturing the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention in a suitable medium, the bacteria can be subcellular or in the medium. It is possible to produce and accumulate purine substances such as purine nucleosides and purine nucleotides.
- a normal nutrient medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts, and other organic micronutrients such as amino acids and vitamins as necessary is used. Can do. Either synthetic or natural media can be used.
- the carbon source and nitrogen source used in the medium may be any one that can be used by the strain to be cultured.
- carbon source glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, trehalose, ribose, starch hydrolysate, sugars such as molasses, alcohols such as glycerol and mannitol are used.
- organic acids such as darconic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid may be used alone or in combination with other carbon sources.
- ammonia ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium acetate, ammonium salt, nitrate or soybean Organic nitrogen such as hydrolyzate is used.
- amino acids As organic micronutrients, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, nucleic acids, and peptone, casamino acids, yeast extracts, soy proteolysates containing these are used, and nutritional requirements that require amino acids for growth. When using a sex mutant, it is necessary to supplement the required nutrients.
- inorganic salts phosphates, magnesium salts, calcium salts, iron salts, manganese salts and the like are used.
- the culture conditions are the power depending on the type of the bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus to be used. If PH decreases during the culture, neutralize with an alkali such as ammonia gas. Purine nucleoside is accumulated in the culture medium by culturing for about 40 hours to 3 days.
- a known method may be used to collect inosine accumulated in the culture solution. For example, it can be isolated by precipitation or ion exchange chromatography.
- the microorganism used in the present invention may further comprise nucleosidase nucleotidase. If the gene to be deleted is deleted, the corresponding nucleoside or nucleotide can be accumulated, and if the requirement for inosine is added, the precursor and its related substances on the biosynthetic pathway are accumulated. Can be made.
- 5'-inosinic acid or 5'-guanylic acid is obtained by allowing purine nucleoside phosphorylase and phosphoribosyltransferase to act on inosine or guanosine produced by the method of the present invention.
- purine nucleotides are produced by phosphorylation of purine nucleosides produced using the microorganism of the present invention by causing phosphotransferase to act on them. Is also possible (JP 2000-295996).
- a method for producing a purine nucleotide using a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia into which a gene encoding inosinosine kinase of Escherichia coli has been introduced (WO91 / 08286 pamphlet), and a gene in which the gene encoding inosinosine kinase of excigotata teratum acetylicum has been introduced.
- a method for producing purine nucleotides using Linea teratium. Ammoniagenes (WO96 / 3050 No. 1 pamphlet) can be employed.
- a phosphoric acid donor selected from the group consisting of polyphosphoric acid, phenylphosphoric acid, and strong rubamyl phosphoric acid, and a nucleoside-5'-phosphate ester are produced from the purine nucleoside produced using the microorganism of the present invention. It is also possible to produce purine nucleotides (nucleoside -5'-phosphate esters) by the action of microorganisms that have the ability to act or acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2). The microorganism having the ability to produce a nucleoside-5′-phosphate ester is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to convert purine nucleoside into a purine nucleotide. For example, it was described in International Publication Pamphlet WO9637603. Such microorganisms.
- acid phosphatase for example, those disclosed in JP-A-2002-000289 can be used, and more preferably, acid phosphatase with increased affinity for nucleosides (see JP-A-10-201481)
- acid phosphatase with increased affinity for nucleosides see JP-A-10-201481
- Mutant acid phosphatase with reduced nucleotidase activity see WO9637603
- mutant acid phosphatase with reduced phosphate ester hydrolysis activity Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-245676
- Purine nucleotides can also be obtained by phosphorylating purine nucleosides produced using the microorganism of the present invention (Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 42,3505). .
- a method of obtaining GMP by conjugating XMP aminase activity to a microorganism capable of producing XMP of the present invention IMP is obtained by conjugating inosine kinase.
- a method can also be employed (Biosd. Biotech. Biochem., 51, 840 (1997), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-230094).
- the inosine or guanosine or purine nucleoside produced by the method of the present invention used for the production of the above purine nucleotides may be purified, but contains a purine nucleoside fermentation solution or purine nucleoside. A crude product may be used.
- B. subtilis 168 Marburg strain ATCC6051 and lacks the purinoperin repressor gene (purR), succin-lou AMP synthase gene (purA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene (pupG) and IMP dehydrogenation Enzyme gene (guaB ) And a deficient purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene (deoD) using a recombinant KMBS310 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-280186) in which the SD sequence of the purine operon promoter region and PRPP synthetase gene (prs) is modified.
- the fabrication of was performed as follows.
- the purine operon and PRPP synthetase genes are enhanced in expression by modification of the promoter region and the SD sequence, respectively.
- IMP dehydrogenase gene (guaB) is weakened, and purine operon promoter region, PRPP synthetase inheritance
- KMBS321 in which the SD sequence of the offspring (prs) is modified and the purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene (deoD) is deleted, the production of a strain lacking the fructose monobisphosphatase gene (ip) is as follows. I went there.
- B. subtilis 168 Marburg strain chromosomal DNA is in a saddle shape and PCR is performed using the above primers.
- Chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis 168 Marburg strain is used as a saddle, and PCR (98 ° C, 10 seconds; 55 ° C, 30 seconds; 72 ° C, 1.5 minutes; 30 cycles; Gene Amp) PCR System
- Plasmid pC194 carrying the chloramphee-cole resistance gene (cat) is used as a saddle and PCR (98 ° C, 10 seconds; 55 ° C, 30 seconds; 72 ° C, 1.5) Min; 30 cycles; Gene Amp PCR System Model 9600 (manufactured by Perkin Elma Co., Ltd.)) to obtain an amplified fragment of about 980 bp containing the cat gene.
- the DNA fragment of the ibp region (ibp :: cat) into which the cat gene obtained in (iv) was inserted was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and the target fragment was extracted from the gel.
- the purified DNA fragment was used to transform B. subtilis KMBS321 competent cells prepared by the method of Dubnau and Davidoff-Abelson (J. Mol. Biol, 1971, 56, 209-221). Converted to obtain a small plate that grows on LB agar plates containing 2.5 ⁇ g / ml chloramfecol and 20 ⁇ g / ml guanine.
- KMBS321 A strain deficient in the transaldolase gene (ywjH) was prepared as follows.
- C. chromosomal DNA of B. subtilis 168 Marburg strain was used as a cage, and PCR was performed using the above primers.
- GGATGACGTTATCGATAATGACTTCCTT SEQ ID NO: 28
- the chromosomal DNA of B. subtilis 168 Marburg strain is in a saddle shape and PCR (98 ° C, 10 seconds; 55 ° C, 30 seconds; 72 ° C, 1.5 minutes; 30 cycles; Gene Amp PCR System Model) 9 600 (manufactured by Perkin Elma Co., Ltd.)), and an amplified fragment containing ywjH gene 3, the terminal region and about 1370 bp downstream was obtained.
- gagaagcgaatgaattaggaattctAAAGCACCCATTAGTTCAACAAACG SEQ ID NO: 29; the small base is the sequence of the 5 'end region of the ywjH gene and is designed to be complementary to the 3' end region of SEQ ID NO: 26
- the plasmid pC194 which carries the chloramphee-chol resistance gene (cat), is used as a saddle and PCR (98 ° C, 10 seconds; 55 ° C, 30 seconds; 72 ° C, 1.5 minutes; 30) Cycle; Gene Amp PCR System Model 9600 (manufactured by Perkin Elma Co., Ltd.)) to obtain an amplified fragment of about 980 bp containing the cat gene.
- the DNA fragment of the ywjH region (ywjH :: cat) into which the cat gene obtained in (iv) was inserted was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and the target fragment was extracted from the gel.
- the purified DNA fragment was used to transform a competent cell of B. subtilis KMBS321 prepared by the method of Dubnau and Davidoff-Abelson (J. Mol. Biol, 1971, 56, 209-221). Convert to 2.5 ⁇ g / ml
- colony strengths were also prepared by preparing chromosomal DNA, and by the PCR method shown in (iv), the ywjH region force on the chromosome was replaced twice with the ywj H region (ywjH :: cat) in which the inside of the chromosome was replaced with the chloramphee-chol resistance gene.
- the replacement strain was identified, and one of these strains was named TA BS135.
- B. subtilis 168 Marburg strain ATCC6051
- purine operin repressor gene purR
- succin-lou AMP synthase gene purA
- purA purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene
- ip fructose and bisphosphatase gene
- the IMP dehydrogenase gene (guaB) is weakened, and the SD sequence of the purine operon mouth motor region and pRpp synthetase gene (prs) is modified.
- a strain lacking (ywjH) was prepared as follows.
- cattgcaagacttttttcaccaagcAGAATTCCTAATTCATTCGCTTCTCTC (SEQ ID NO: 32; small base is the upstream sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene (tet) promoter crawled on PDG1513)
- Chromosomal DNA of B. subtilis 168 Marburg strain is in a saddle shape and PCR is performed using the above primers.
- gagagagttcaaaattgatcctttTTGACCTGATTTCAGAAGTTAAACAG SEQ ID NO: 33; the small base is the downstream sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene (tet) structural gene crawled on PDG1513)
- Chromosomal DNA of B. subtilis 168 Marburg strain is in a saddle shape and PCR is performed using the above primers.
- gagaagcgaatgaattaggaattctGCTTGGTGAAAAAAGTCTTGCAATG (SEQ ID NO: 35; the small base is the sequence of the 5 'end region of the ywjH gene and is designed to be complementary to the 3' end region of SEQ ID NO: 32)
- pDG1513 carrying a tetracycline resistance gene (tet) is used as a saddle and PCR (98 ° C, 10 seconds; 55 ° C, 30 seconds; 72 ° C, 2.5 minutes; 30) Cycle; Gene Amp PCR System Model 9600 (manufactured by Perkin Elma)), and an amplified fragment of about 2070 bp containing the cat gene was obtained.
- the DNA fragment of the ywjH region (ywjH :: tet) into which the tet gene obtained in (iv) was inserted was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and the target fragment was extracted from the gel.
- a competent cell of B. subtilis TABS 133 strain prepared by the method of Dubnau and Davidoff-Abelson (J. Mol. Biol, 1971, 56, 209-221) was used. After transformation, colonies were obtained that grew on LB agar plates containing 12.5 ⁇ g / ml tetracycline and 20 ⁇ g / ml guanine.
- colony strengths were also prepared by preparing chromosomal DNA and recombining the ywjH region on the chromosome with the ywjH region (ywjH :: tet) in which the inside was replaced with a tetracycline resistance gene by the PCR method shown in (iv).
- the substituted strain was identified and one of these was named TABS 174.
- Ade force Nord (antifoaming agent) 0.5 ml / L
- SEQ ID NO: 1 nucleotide sequence of ywjH gene
- SEQ ID NO: 2 amino acid sequence of transaldolase
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Base sequence of prs gene
- SEQ ID NO: 4 amino acid sequence of phosphoribosinole pyrophosphate synthetase
- SEQ ID NO: 5 base sequence of purR gene
- SEQ ID NO: 6 amino acid sequence of purine repressor
- SEQ ID NO: 7 nucleotide sequence of deoD gene
- SEQ ID NO: 8 amino acid sequence of deoD gene product (purine nucleoside phosphorylase)
- SEQ ID NO: 9 nucleotide sequence of pupG gene
- SEQ ID NO: 10 amino acid sequence of pupG gene product (purine nucleoside phosphorylase)
- SEQ ID NO: 11 pur A gene base sequence
- SEQ ID NO: 13 nucleotide sequence of guaB gene
- SEQ ID NO: 16 fructose bisphosphatase amino acid sequence
- SEQ ID NO: 18 purR gene amplification primer
- SEQ ID NO: 22 Primer for fbp gene downstream amplification
- SEQ ID NO: 23 cat gene amplification primer
- SEQ ID NO: 24 primer for gene amplification
- SEQ ID NO: 25 Primer for amplification of upstream region of ywjH gene
- SEQ ID NO: 26 Primer for amplification of upstream region of ywjH gene
- SEQ ID NO: 27 Primer for amplification of downstream region of ywjH gene
- SEQ ID NO: 28 Primer for amplifying the downstream region of the ywjH gene
- SEQ ID NO: 30 cat gene amplification primer
- SEQ ID NO: 32 Primer for amplification of upstream region of ywjH gene
- SEQ ID NO: 36 Primer for tet gene amplification
- nucleosides and / or purine By using the Bacillus bacterium of the present invention, purine nucleosides and / or purine The production efficiency of the nucleotide can be improved.
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US8236531B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
EP2011861A8 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
CN101432418B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
JP5251505B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2011861A4 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
CN101432418A (zh) | 2009-05-13 |
JPWO2007125783A1 (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
US20100047874A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
EP2011861A1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
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