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WO2007085669A1 - System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building - Google Patents

System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007085669A1
WO2007085669A1 PCT/ES2007/000029 ES2007000029W WO2007085669A1 WO 2007085669 A1 WO2007085669 A1 WO 2007085669A1 ES 2007000029 W ES2007000029 W ES 2007000029W WO 2007085669 A1 WO2007085669 A1 WO 2007085669A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slabs
slab
outer walls
walls
roof
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2007/000029
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Domingo Bengoa Saez De Cortazar
Original Assignee
Bengoa Saez De Cortazar Doming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bengoa Saez De Cortazar Doming filed Critical Bengoa Saez De Cortazar Doming
Priority to MX2008001229A priority Critical patent/MX2008001229A/en
Priority to BRPI0707262-7A priority patent/BRPI0707262A2/en
Priority to US12/162,288 priority patent/US20090301002A1/en
Priority to EP07704743A priority patent/EP1978170A1/en
Priority to CA002640341A priority patent/CA2640341A1/en
Priority to AU2007209317A priority patent/AU2007209317A1/en
Publication of WO2007085669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007085669A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B1/3511—Lift-slab; characterised by a purely vertical lifting of floors or roofs or parts thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B1/355—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block characterised by the tilting up of whole buildings or sections thereof, e.g. walls, portal frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/163—Jacks specially adapted for working-up building elements

Definitions

  • the invention falls within the field of building construction and more specifically to the construction of buildings from semi-precast concrete slabs, the type of buildings that could be built with this procedure would be buildings of not excessive dimensions as single-family homes, small warehouses or industrial buildings and workshops.
  • the present invention relates to a system for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building that is composed of a plurality of slabs corresponding to the exterior walls, floor and ceiling of the house, the slabs of the exterior walls having a plurality of holes corresponding to The windows and doors.
  • the system is characterized in that two of the exterior wall slabs are placed parallel to each other in position
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET lying on the floor slab, one of the sides of each wall being aligned respectively with one of the parallel edges of the floor slab, lifting means being fixed on the floor slab, which have a fixed and movable part with with respect to said slab, being located in the hollows of the windows of the slabs of the exterior walls and the movable part of said lifting means remaining attached to anchoring elements located in said hollows and fixed to the slabs, producing the elevation of the exterior wall slabs due to their lowering with respect to their lower edge until said slabs are placed in an upright position and subsequently placed on the openings of the windows facing each other of each of the slabs of the exterior walls, a support structure fixed in turn to both slabs by means of fixing elements, repeating the operations described for the case of the other as two outer walls and joining the slabs of the four outer walls to each other.
  • the ceiling slab is located which presents a plurality of openings, located coinciding with the position of the lifting means used in the previous stages, the movable part of said lifting means being attached to anchoring elements located in said openings, the roof slab being raised up to a height above the height of the slabs of the outer walls, joining the ceiling slab to the upper edge of the slabs of the four outer walls.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) elevators to raise both the slabs of the exterior walls and the ceiling slab.
  • the slabs of the outer walls may have at least one hole for the windows.
  • the lifting means may comprise a plurality of hydraulic jacks, at least one of said hydraulic jacks being placed in at least two of the window recesses of the exterior wall slabs.
  • the system may operate with a single lifting element per exterior wall slab (a single window hole) provided that the weight of the slab is such that it is supported by the aforementioned hydraulic jacks, in case said weight is exceeded it must be exceeded.
  • a single lifting element per exterior wall slab a single window hole
  • the weight of the slab is such that it is supported by the aforementioned hydraulic jacks, in case said weight is exceeded it must be exceeded.
  • At least two metal reinforcements can be used in the form of a square, one of them being located on the inner face of the mentioned slabs and the other on the outer face and being fixed together the corresponding slab, later pouring concrete in mass.
  • the exterior and ceiling wall slabs may have a plurality of pins perpendicular to the connecting edges between said slabs, said pins having their curved ends.
  • the pins corresponding to the roof slab may be initially bent and when the roof slab is raised above the upper edge of the exterior wall slabs, said rods are straightened.
  • the anchoring elements located in the hollows of the windows of the exterior wall slabs and which are connected to the movable part of the lifting means comprise at least one rod that has a curved central portion for its seat on said part mobile and whose ends join the slab in the molding phase of it. Said rods serve to hang the slabs on the mobile part of the lifting means, which will have a rod perpendicular to the direction of travel of said moving part with respect to the fixed part.
  • the support structure may be constituted by two parallel bars, on each of which the fixing elements of the support structure are located to the slabs of the outer walls, said joining means comprising two jaws one of them located in the inner face of the slab of the wall and the other on the outer face of the same, being placed next to said jaws two threaded bushings that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections practiced in each of the bars.
  • the support structure and the two slabs that it connects are made to be aligned and solidly joined together, forming in turn a stable structure preventing said slabs from falling to the ground by their own weight.
  • the reinforcements used for the union of the roof slab with the slabs of the outer walls comprise an inner square and an outer mold provided on one of its faces with an undulating surface
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) defining a flight on the ledge of said roof slab after its attachment to said exterior wall slabs by mass concrete.
  • Figure 1 represents a perspective view of an example of a building constructed by the system object of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 represents a plan view of an example distribution in which the different rooms of a building constructed by means of the system object of the present invention are appreciated.
  • Figure 3 represents a top plan view of the floor slab and of the two slabs corresponding to two of the parallel exterior walls in a first stage of the construction of the building according to a system object of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 represents a plan view similar to that shown in Figure 3 for a second variant of the system object of the present mention in which a connection will be made between the slabs of the outer walls and the floor slab.
  • FIGS 5A to 5C represent sectional views according to the cutting plane I-I of Figure 3 in which the different assembly phases of two of the outer walls of the system object of the present invention can be seen.
  • Figure 6 represents a sectional view according to the cutting plane II of Figure 3 in which a final stage of assembly of two of the outer walls when they are erected, as well as a detail of the connection of the auxiliary structure to the outer walls.
  • Figure 7 represents a plan view of the floor slab and the four corresponding slabs the exterior walls before joining.
  • Figure 8 represents a top plan view of the floor slab on which the roof slab is placed before being raised thereon.
  • Figures 9A and 9B represent a sectional view according to the cutting plane II-II of Figure 8 in which two stages of the process of lifting the roof slab with respect to the floor slab and the slabs of the outer walls.
  • FIG. 3 A plan view of a first stage of the building process using the system object of the present invention is shown in Figure 3.
  • a base plate (1) can be seen which constitutes the floor of the house and is constituted by a prefabricated concrete slab, on which two of the outer walls (2-2 ') are arranged, said outer walls ( 2-2 ') are also precast concrete slabs and each have two holes (3-4) and (3'-4') respectively for the windows, although it could have any number of windows such as a single one .
  • the mentioned hollows (3-4) and (3 '-4') have been shaped at the same time that the slab itself is shaped by mass molding.
  • the windows have anchoring elements
  • said elements in this embodiment of the invention are rods (7-7 ') of corrugated steel that have a curvature in their central area and that are inserted (inserted) into the concrete in the phase of conformation of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ').
  • the curved area of said rods (7-7 ') defines an anchor point with the lifting means (5-6) and (5' -6 ') and more specifically with the movable part (8) thereof through of a rod (9) perpendicular to said moving part.
  • the lifting means (5-5 ') and (6-6'), will be joined together by two bars 31, in order to maintain the relative position between them and in turn will be fixed to the floor slab (1) using known means such as screws or rivets.
  • the lifting means (5-6) and (5- 6 ') will have the possibility of turning with respect to the floor plate (1) thanks to a ball joint (10), said rotation occurring in a plane perpendicular to the floor slab (1) and to the slabs of the exterior walls (2-2 ').
  • the slab of the outer wall (2) is linked to the rod (7) which in turn is connected to the movable part (8) of the lifting means and that the lifting means (5-6) remain fixed with respect to the floor slab (1), when said lifting means are actuated (5-6) the mobile elements (8) are displaced with respect to the fixed elements and therefore to the floor slab (1) and the slab of the outer wall (2) rotates or rather is ablated with respect to an axis coinciding with one of its lower support edges on the floor slab (1).
  • Said support structure (11) is composed of at least two parallel bars (30) joined together by a plurality of bars that are inclined with respect to the mimes, determining a spatial structure.
  • the means for joining the windows are arranged on the free ends of each of said bars (30), specifically each of the bars will be joined to one of the side or side sides of the window recesses.
  • Said joining means comprise two jaws (13-14) one of them (14) located on the inner face of the wall slab and the other (13) on the outer face thereof, as can be seen in the detail of figure 6, being placed next to said jaws two threaded bushings (15) that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections made in each of the bars (30).
  • the mechanisms currently used for the placement and elevation of scaffolding which will be welded to the ends of the bars (30) will be used, leaving a sufficient space between them greater than the thickness of the slabs that constitute the exterior walls (2-2 ' ).
  • the slabs of the four exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') are made. Specifically, two square-shaped metal reinforcements will be used, placing one of them (18) on the inner face of the mentioned slabs and the other (19) on the outer face and being fixed to each other and to the corresponding slab to subsequently pour into the hole existing between the adjacent slabs the concrete mass and thus proceed to the safe and durable union of the slabs of the four exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16').
  • FIG. 26 Figure 8 shows how the roof slab (20) is placed on the floor slab (1) in the hole left by the four slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') a They have been united once.
  • the roof slab (20) has at least four openings (21), in this case circular, to give way to respective lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 ').
  • Each of the openings (21) has coupling elements similar to those used in the case of slabs of the outer walls, which consist of bent rods (22) introduced into the ceiling slab itself (20) during the procedure for molding them, which define a connection point with the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') so that at the same time the movable part of the four lifting means is raised at its Once the roof slab (20) is raised parallel to the floor slab (1) until it reaches a height approximately equal to the height of the outer walls.
  • the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') will be fixed on this occasion to the floor slab (1) so that its rotation with respect to said slab is not possible using a bushing fixed to the slab from the ground (1) or a similar element that it can retain, without this turning, to the fixed part of the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6').
  • the roof slab (20) has a plurality of hooks (23) as a hook made of corrugated steel, integrated in the slab in the molding process using a mesh, with the particularity that initially said pins (23 ) are folded at the time of placing the ceiling slab (20) on the floor slab (1) so that said ceiling slab (20) and its corresponding pins (23) fit in the gap between the slabs of the outer walls.
  • the aforementioned pins (23) are straightened, extending beyond the upper edge of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16').
  • Figure 9A the connection between the upper edge of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) (16-16 ') and the roof slab (20) is achieved thanks to the aforementioned pins (23) and the pins themselves (24) of the slabs that constitute said outer walls, with the help of metal trusses normally materialized in the form of sheet one of them (25) angular placed on the inner face of both the roof slab (20) and the corresponding slabs of the outer walls and a drawer (26) or outer mold that is fixed to the outer face of the slabs of the outer walls being defined a space on which the concrete will be poured in mass to proceed to the union between the mentioned slabs.
  • Figure 4 shows a variant of what is shown in Figure 3, in which the floor slab (1) will have holes (27) for the introduction of the lower pins of the slabs of the exterior walls (2- 2 ') once they have been demolished and totally erected.
  • the windows on the outside may have coupled moldings (figure 1) of stepped configuration to give a greater aesthetic to the architectural ensemble of the house, such moldings can be independent for each side of the window frame or they can be single piece being coupled directly on the frame of the mentioned window.
  • Said drawer (26) used for joining the roof slab (20) with the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') may have a wavy configuration and can define a staggered profile , as can be seen in figure 1, to imitate the appearance that a conventional roof formed with tiles would have and thus be able to provide a greater aesthetic to the building.
  • Figure 2 schematically represents an example of an interior distribution of a building constructed by the method object of the present invention, said building having a rectangular prismatic plant and in which a series of rooms or rooms can be distinguished ( 40-46) and above all in which they have wanted
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET represent a plurality of support columns (35) arranged at specific points of the building so that they are capable of supporting the weight of the roof slab (20). Such columns will be placed immediately before removing the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') when the ceiling slab (20) has been completely raised and its connection with the slabs of the exterior walls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building comprising a plurality of slabs corresponding to the external walls (2-2') and (16-16'), floor (1) and roof (20) of the dwelling. The slabs are moulded in situ at the site of the building and the respective external slabs (2-2') and (16-16') are erected and the slab (21) is raised using lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6') located in the cavities (3-4) and (3'-4') and openings (21) in the external wall slabs and the roof slab respectively. The slabs corresponding to the longer external walls (2-2') are first erected, followed by those corresponding to the shorter walls (16-16'), after which the roof slab (31) is raised. The aforementioned cavities and openings are provided with respective anchoring elements (7 and 22) for connecting the slabs to the lifting means.

Description

SISTEMA PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA EDIFICACIÓN SEMIPREFABRICADASYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SEMIPREFABRICATED BUILDING
CAMPO Y OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN La invención se engloba dentro del campo de la construcción de edificaciones y más concretamente a la construcción de edificaciones partiendo de losas de hormigón semiprefabricadas, el tipo de edificaciones que se podrian construir con este procedimiento serian edificaciones de dimensiones no excesivas como viviendas unifamiliares, pequeños almacenes o naves industriales y talleres.FIELD AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The invention falls within the field of building construction and more specifically to the construction of buildings from semi-precast concrete slabs, the type of buildings that could be built with this procedure would be buildings of not excessive dimensions as single-family homes, small warehouses or industrial buildings and workshops.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICASTATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
En la actualidad se conocen diferentes sistemas para la construcción de edificaciones de reducidas dimensiones a partir de hormigón en masa el cual se vierte sobre moldes y placas de encofrado para su fraguado posterior constituyendo principalmente la estructura de la vivienda como son las zapatas, pilares, forjados etc. También se conocen diferentes sistemas para la construcción de edificaciones a partir de losas prefabricadas de hormigón las cuales se van disponiendo sobre la solera o suelo de la edificación para constituir directamente las paredes suelo y techo de la misma. Normalmente dichas losas se suelen traer ya conformadas al lugar de la edificación pero en algunos casos se moldean in "in situ", tales losas se suelen constituir dejando huecos en las mismas para las ventanas y puertas de la edificación.At present, different systems are known for the construction of buildings of reduced dimensions from mass concrete which is poured on molds and formwork plates for later setting, mainly constituting the structure of the house such as footings, pillars, forged etc. Different systems are also known for the construction of buildings from precast concrete slabs which are arranged on the floor or floor of the building to directly constitute the floor and ceiling walls of the same. Normally such slabs are usually brought already formed to the place of the building but in some cases they are molded in "in situ", such slabs are usually constituted leaving gaps in them for the windows and doors of the building.
Normalmente las operaciones de estibamiento de las citadas losas, las cuales tienen grandes pesos, se realizan a través de costosas instalaciones de elevación de las mismas tales como grúas de considerable tamaño, las cuales han de disponer de una gran cantidad de espacio en la obra para su enclavamiento estable al suelo, teniéndose que emplear medios auxiliares como por ejemplo ganchos cinchas o elementos similares para la sujeción y manejo de las citadas losasNormally the operations of stowage of the mentioned slabs, which have large weights, are carried out through expensive lifting facilities such as cranes of considerable size, which must have a large amount of space in the work to its stable interlocking to the ground, having to use auxiliary means such as hooks or similar elements for the fastening and handling of said slabs
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) durante las operaciones de estibamiento y transporte de las mismas. Además del los altos costes y de la gran cantidad de tiempo consumido en las mencionadas operaciones de estibamiento, durante las mismas se suelen producir accidentes por rotura de los elementos auxiliares de sujeción los cuales pueden desencadenar tanto perdidas personales como perdidas materiales si la losa cae desde una gran altura pudiéndose destruirse total o parcialmente tanto la propia losa como otras instalaciones y elementos de la edificación. Por todo ello, se ha detectado una necesidad de proporcionar un procedimiento de construcción del tipo mencionado de edificaciones que partiendo de sencillos medios de elevación de las losas, consiga que las operaciones de estibamiento sean altamente simples y de bajo coste, para ello se ha pensado en emplear una pluralidad de medios de elevación fijados a la base o solera de la edificación, los cuales se sitúan en los huecos que presentan las losas para la disposición de las ventanas y puertas, disponiéndose en dichos huecos medios de anclaje de la losa a los citados medios de elevación, produciéndose la elevación de las losas y su colocación en posición erguida de una manera controlada y altamente segura.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) during the operations of stowage and transport of the same. In addition to the high costs and the large amount of time consumed in the aforementioned stowage operations, during these accidents there are usually accidents due to breakage of the auxiliary fasteners which can trigger both personal losses and material losses if the slab falls from a great height being able to destroy totally or partially both the slab itself and other facilities and elements of the building. Therefore, a need to provide a construction procedure of the aforementioned type of buildings has been detected that, starting from simple means of lifting the slabs, ensures that the stacking operations are highly simple and low cost, for this reason it has been thought in employing a plurality of lifting means fixed to the base or floor of the building, which are located in the gaps that the slabs have for the arrangement of the windows and doors, with said means for anchoring the slab to the slabs being arranged said lifting means, producing the lifting of the slabs and their placement in an upright position in a controlled and highly safe manner.
Este objetivo se consigue por medio de la invención tal y como está definida en la reivindicación 1, en las reivindicaciones dependientes se definen realizaciones preferidas de la invención.This objective is achieved by means of the invention as defined in claim 1, preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema para la construcción de una edificación semiprefabricada que está compuesta por una pluralidad de losas correspondientes a las paredes exteriores, suelo y techo de la vivienda, disponiendo las losas de las paredes exteriores de una pluralidad de huecos correspondientes a las ventanas y puertas. El sistema se caracteriza porque dos de las losas de paredes exteriores se sitúan paralelas entre si en posiciónThe present invention relates to a system for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building that is composed of a plurality of slabs corresponding to the exterior walls, floor and ceiling of the house, the slabs of the exterior walls having a plurality of holes corresponding to The windows and doors. The system is characterized in that two of the exterior wall slabs are placed parallel to each other in position
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) tumbada sobre la losa del suelo, quedando uno de los lados de cada pared alineado respectivamente con uno de los bordes paralelos de la losa del suelo, fijándose sobre la losa del suelo medios de elevación, los cuales disponen de una parte fija y otra móvil con respecto a dicha losa, quedando situados en los huecos de las ventanas de las losas de las paredes exteriores y permaneciendo unida la parte móvil de dichos medios de elevación a elementos de anclaje situados en los citados huecos y fijados a las losas, produciéndose la elevación de las losas de paredes exteriores por abatimiento de las mismas con respecto a su canto inferior hasta que dichas losas se sitúan en posición erguida y colocándose posteriormente sobre los huecos de las ventanas que quedan enfrentadas entre si de cada una de las losas de las paredes exteriores, una estructura soporte fijada a su vez a ambas losas por medio de elementos de fijación, repitiendo las operaciones descritas para el caso de las otras dos paredes exteriores y uniendo las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores entre si Además, en el hueco delimitado por las cuatro paredes exteriores, y apoyada en la losa del suelo, se sitúa la losa del techo la cual presenta una pluralidad de aberturas, situadas en coincidencia con la posición de los medios de elevación empleados en las etapas anteriores, quedando unida la parte móvil de dichos medios de elevación a elementos de anclaje situados en las citadas aberturas, produciéndose la elevación de la losa del techo hasta una altura por encima de la altura de las losas de las paredes exteriores, uniéndose la losa del techo al canto superior de las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) lying on the floor slab, one of the sides of each wall being aligned respectively with one of the parallel edges of the floor slab, lifting means being fixed on the floor slab, which have a fixed and movable part with with respect to said slab, being located in the hollows of the windows of the slabs of the exterior walls and the movable part of said lifting means remaining attached to anchoring elements located in said hollows and fixed to the slabs, producing the elevation of the exterior wall slabs due to their lowering with respect to their lower edge until said slabs are placed in an upright position and subsequently placed on the openings of the windows facing each other of each of the slabs of the exterior walls, a support structure fixed in turn to both slabs by means of fixing elements, repeating the operations described for the case of the other as two outer walls and joining the slabs of the four outer walls to each other. Also, in the hollow delimited by the four outer walls, and supported on the floor slab, the ceiling slab is located which presents a plurality of openings, located coinciding with the position of the lifting means used in the previous stages, the movable part of said lifting means being attached to anchoring elements located in said openings, the roof slab being raised up to a height above the height of the slabs of the outer walls, joining the ceiling slab to the upper edge of the slabs of the four outer walls.
De esta manera y gracias a uno simples elementos elevadores se consigue una colocación en posición vertical de las paredes de la edificación y una elevación del techo bastante sencilla, no teniendo necesidad de utilizar costosos medios de elevación como grúas. Además, con la configuración descrita del sistema, se podrán utilizar los mismos elementosIn this way and thanks to one simple lifting elements, a vertical position of the building walls and a fairly simple roof elevation are achieved, with no need to use expensive lifting means such as cranes. In addition, with the described system configuration, the same elements may be used
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) elevadores para elevar tanto las losas de las paredes exteriores como la losa del techo.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) elevators to raise both the slabs of the exterior walls and the ceiling slab.
Las losas de las paredes exteriores podrán disponer de al menos un hueco para las ventanas . Por su parte, los medios de elevación podrán comprender una pluralidad de gatos hidráulicos, situándose al menos uno de dichos gatos hidráulicos en al menos dos de los huecos de las ventanas de las losas de paredes exteriores.The slabs of the outer walls may have at least one hole for the windows. On the other hand, the lifting means may comprise a plurality of hydraulic jacks, at least one of said hydraulic jacks being placed in at least two of the window recesses of the exterior wall slabs.
El sistema podrá funcionar con un solo elemento de elevación por losa de pared exterior (un solo hueco de ventana) siempre que el peso de la losa sea tal que sea soportado por lo citados gatos hidráulicos, en caso de que dicho peso sea rebasado se deberá emplear más de un elemento de elevación por cada losa, siendo su numero determinado en base a las propiedades de cada gato y al peso de la losa.The system may operate with a single lifting element per exterior wall slab (a single window hole) provided that the weight of the slab is such that it is supported by the aforementioned hydraulic jacks, in case said weight is exceeded it must be exceeded. use more than one lifting element for each slab, its number determined based on the properties of each cat and the weight of the slab.
Para la unión de las losas de las paredes exteriores entre si se podrán utilizar al menos dos armaduras metálicas en forma de escuadra, situándose una de ellas en la cara interior de las citadas losas y la otra en la cara exterior y quedando fijadas entre si y a la correspondiente losa, vertiendo posteriormente hormigón en masa.For the joining of the slabs of the outer walls to each other, at least two metal reinforcements can be used in the form of a square, one of them being located on the inner face of the mentioned slabs and the other on the outer face and being fixed together the corresponding slab, later pouring concrete in mass.
De esta manera se consigue una unión estable y segura entre las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores.In this way, a stable and secure connection between the slabs of the four outer walls is achieved.
Las losas de paredes exteriores y del techo podrán disponer de una pluralidad de patillas perpendiculares a los cantos de unión entre dichas losas, teniendo dichas patillas sus extremos curvados .The exterior and ceiling wall slabs may have a plurality of pins perpendicular to the connecting edges between said slabs, said pins having their curved ends.
Con la forma y colocación descrita de las patillas se consigue que las uniones entre losas sean más rígidas y resistentes a los distintos esfuerzos a los que se ve sometida la edificación.With the described shape and placement of the pins it is possible that the joints between slabs are more rigid and resistant to the different efforts to which the building is subjected.
Las patillas correspondientes a la losa del techo podrán encontrase inicialmente dobladas y cuando se eleva la losa de techo por encima del canto superior de las losas de paredes exteriores se enderezan dichas varillas.The pins corresponding to the roof slab may be initially bent and when the roof slab is raised above the upper edge of the exterior wall slabs, said rods are straightened.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) Así se posibilita que la losa del techo pueda caber en el hueco dejado por las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores cuando se deposita dicha losa del techo sobre la losa del suelo, para posteriormente una vez se ha procedido a la elevación de dicha losa de techo se enderecen dichas patillas que servirán como elementos resistentes en la unión de la losa de techo con las losas de las paredes exteriores.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Thus, it is possible that the roof slab can fit in the recess left by the slabs of the four outer walls when said roof slab is deposited on the floor slab, and subsequently once the roof slab has been raised said pins are straightened that will serve as resistant elements in the union of the ceiling slab with the slabs of the exterior walls.
Los elementos de anclaje, situados en los huecos de las ventanas de las losas de paredes exteriores y los cuales quedan conectados a la parte móvil de los medios de elevación comprenden a menos una varilla que dispone de una porción central curvada para su asiento sobre dicha parte móvil y cuyos extremos se unen a la losa en la fase de moldeado de la misma. Dichas varillas sirvan para colgar las losas sobre la parte móvil de los medios de elevación, la cual dispondrá de un vastago perpendicular a la dirección de desplazamiento del dicha parte móvil con respecto a la parte fija.The anchoring elements, located in the hollows of the windows of the exterior wall slabs and which are connected to the movable part of the lifting means comprise at least one rod that has a curved central portion for its seat on said part mobile and whose ends join the slab in the molding phase of it. Said rods serve to hang the slabs on the mobile part of the lifting means, which will have a rod perpendicular to the direction of travel of said moving part with respect to the fixed part.
Además, la estructura soporte podrá estar constituida por dos barras paralelas, sobre cada una de las cuales se sitúan los elementos de fijación de la estructura soporte a las losas de las paredes exteriores, comprendiendo dichos medios de unión dos mordazas una de ellas situada en la cara interior de la losa de la pared y la otra en la cara exterior de la misma, situándose a continuación de dichas mordazas sendos caequillos roscados que tendrán posibilidad de ser roscados sobre tramos roscados practicados en cada una de las barras.In addition, the support structure may be constituted by two parallel bars, on each of which the fixing elements of the support structure are located to the slabs of the outer walls, said joining means comprising two jaws one of them located in the inner face of the slab of the wall and the other on the outer face of the same, being placed next to said jaws two threaded bushings that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections practiced in each of the bars.
Mediante las comentadas mordazas se hace que la estructura soporte y las dos losas que la misma conecta, queden alineadas y unidas sólidamente entre sí, formando a su vez una estructura estable evitando que dichas losas caigan al suelo por su propio peso.Through the aforementioned jaws, the support structure and the two slabs that it connects are made to be aligned and solidly joined together, forming in turn a stable structure preventing said slabs from falling to the ground by their own weight.
Por último, las armaduras empleadas para la unión de la losa de techo con las losas de las paredes exteriores comprenden una escuadra interior y un molde exterior dotado de en una de sus caras de una superficie con forma onduladaFinally, the reinforcements used for the union of the roof slab with the slabs of the outer walls comprise an inner square and an outer mold provided on one of its faces with an undulating surface
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) definiendo un vuelo en la cornisa de dicha losa de techo después de su unión a las citadas losas de paredes exteriores mediante hormigón en masa.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) defining a flight on the ledge of said roof slab after its attachment to said exterior wall slabs by mass concrete.
De esta forma se consigue la unión solidaria entre la losa del techo y las losas de las paredes exteriores, quedando una terminación ondulada en las cornisas del edificio la cual es de gran valor estético.In this way, the joint solidarity between the roof slab and the slabs of the outer walls is achieved, leaving a wavy finish in the cornices of the building which is of great aesthetic value.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con unas realizaciones de dicha invención que se presentan como ejemplos ilustrativos y no limitativos de ésta. La figura 1 representa una vista en perspectiva de un ejemplo de una edificación construida mediante el sistema objeto de la presente invención.DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Next, a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to embodiments of said invention that are presented as illustrative and non-limiting examples thereof are described very briefly. Figure 1 represents a perspective view of an example of a building constructed by the system object of the present invention.
La figura 2 representa una vista en planta de una distribución ejemplo en la que se aprecian las distintas habitaciones de una edificación construida mediante el sistema objeto de la presente invención.Figure 2 represents a plan view of an example distribution in which the different rooms of a building constructed by means of the system object of the present invention are appreciated.
La figura 3 representa una vista en planta superior de la losa del suelo y de las dos losas correspondientes a dos de las paredes exteriores paralelas en una primera etapa de la construcción de la edificación según un sistema objeto de la presente invención.Figure 3 represents a top plan view of the floor slab and of the two slabs corresponding to two of the parallel exterior walls in a first stage of the construction of the building according to a system object of the present invention.
La figura 4 representa una vista en planta similar a la representada en la figura 3 para una segunda variante del sistema objeto de la presente mención en el cual se realizará una unión entre las losas de las paredes exteriores y la losa del suelo.Figure 4 represents a plan view similar to that shown in Figure 3 for a second variant of the system object of the present mention in which a connection will be made between the slabs of the outer walls and the floor slab.
Las figuras 5A a 5C representan sendas vistas en sección según el plano de corte I-I de la figura 3 en las que se aprecian las diferentes fases de montaje de dos de las paredes exteriores del sistema objeto de la presente invención.Figures 5A to 5C represent sectional views according to the cutting plane I-I of Figure 3 in which the different assembly phases of two of the outer walls of the system object of the present invention can be seen.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) La figura 6 representa una vista de sección según el plano de corte I-I de la figura 3 en la que se aprecia una última etapa de montaje de dos de las paredes exteriores cuando éstas quedan erguidas, asi como un detalle de la unión de la estructura auxiliar a las paredes exteriores.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figure 6 represents a sectional view according to the cutting plane II of Figure 3 in which a final stage of assembly of two of the outer walls when they are erected, as well as a detail of the connection of the auxiliary structure to the outer walls.
La figura 7 representa una vista en planta de la losa de suelo y las cuatro losas correspondientes las paredes exteriores antes de su unión.Figure 7 represents a plan view of the floor slab and the four corresponding slabs the exterior walls before joining.
La figura 8 representa una vista en planta superior de la losa de suelo sobre la que sitúa la losa de techo antes de ser elevada sobre la misma.Figure 8 represents a top plan view of the floor slab on which the roof slab is placed before being raised thereon.
Las figuras 9A y 9B representan una vista en sección según el plano de corte II-II de la figura 8 en el que se aprecian sendas etapas del proceso de elevación de la losa de techo con respecto a la losa de suelo y de las losas de las paredes exteriores.Figures 9A and 9B represent a sectional view according to the cutting plane II-II of Figure 8 in which two stages of the process of lifting the roof slab with respect to the floor slab and the slabs of the outer walls.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE UN MODO DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
En la figura 3 .se representa una vista en planta de una primera etapa del procedimiento de edificación utilizando el sistema objeto de la presente invención. Concretamente, se aprecia una placa base (1) el cual constituye el suelo de la vivienda y que está constituida por una losa prefabricada de hormigón, sobre la que se disponen dos de las paredes exteriores (2-2'), dichas paredes exteriores (2-2') también son losas prefabricadas de hormigón y disponen cada una de ellas de dos huecos (3-4) y (3'-4') respectivamente para las ventanas, aunque podría tener cualquier número de ventanas como por ejemplo una sola. Los citados huecos (3-4) y (3' -4') han sido conformados a la vez que se conforma por moldeo mediante hormigón en masa la propia losa.A plan view of a first stage of the building process using the system object of the present invention is shown in Figure 3. Specifically, a base plate (1) can be seen which constitutes the floor of the house and is constituted by a prefabricated concrete slab, on which two of the outer walls (2-2 ') are arranged, said outer walls ( 2-2 ') are also precast concrete slabs and each have two holes (3-4) and (3'-4') respectively for the windows, although it could have any number of windows such as a single one . The mentioned hollows (3-4) and (3 '-4') have been shaped at the same time that the slab itself is shaped by mass molding.
En el interior de los huecos dejado por las ventanas y ancladas a la placa base (1) se disponen sendos medios deInside the gaps left by the windows and anchored to the base plate (1) there are two means of
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') que consisten particularmente en gatos hidráulicos pudiendo ser también gatos neumáticos o cualquier otro medio de elevación similar.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) elevation (5-6) and (5 '-6') which consist particularly of hydraulic jacks and may also be pneumatic jacks or any other similar lifting means.
Por su parte las ventanas disponen de elementos de anclaje, dichos elementos, en esta realización de la invención son varillas (7-7' ) de acero corrugado que disponen de una curvatura en su zona central y que quedan introducidas (insertadas) en el hormigón en la fase de conformación de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) . La zona curvada de dichas varillas (7-7') define un punto de anclaje con los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') y más concretamente con la parte móvil (8) de los mismos a través de un vastago (9) perpendicular a dicha parte móvil.On the other hand the windows have anchoring elements, said elements, in this embodiment of the invention are rods (7-7 ') of corrugated steel that have a curvature in their central area and that are inserted (inserted) into the concrete in the phase of conformation of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 '). The curved area of said rods (7-7 ') defines an anchor point with the lifting means (5-6) and (5' -6 ') and more specifically with the movable part (8) thereof through of a rod (9) perpendicular to said moving part.
Los medios de elevación (5-5') y (6-6'), se unirán entre si mediante sendas barras 31, con el fin de mantener la posición relativa entre ellos y a su vez estarán fijados a la losa del suelo (1) empleando para ello medios conocidos tales como tornillos o remaches. Los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5- 6' ) tendrán posibilidad de giro con respecto a la placa del suelo (1) gracias a una rótula (10) , produciéndose dicho giro en un plano perpendicular a la losa del suelo (1) y a las propias losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2') . Dado que la losa de la pared exterior (2) esta vinculada a la varilla (7) la cual a su vez esta conectado a la parte móvil (8) de los medios de elevación y que los medios de elevación (5-6) permanecen fijos con respecto a la losa del suelo (1) , cuando se accionan dichos medios de elevación (5-6) se desplazan los elementos móviles (8) con respecto a los elementos fijos y por lo tanto a la losa del suelo (1) y la losa de la pared exterior (2) gira o mejor dicho se abate con respecto a un eje coincidente con uno de sus bordes inferiores de apoyo sobre la losa del suelo (1) .The lifting means (5-5 ') and (6-6'), will be joined together by two bars 31, in order to maintain the relative position between them and in turn will be fixed to the floor slab (1) using known means such as screws or rivets. The lifting means (5-6) and (5- 6 ') will have the possibility of turning with respect to the floor plate (1) thanks to a ball joint (10), said rotation occurring in a plane perpendicular to the floor slab (1) and to the slabs of the exterior walls (2-2 '). Since the slab of the outer wall (2) is linked to the rod (7) which in turn is connected to the movable part (8) of the lifting means and that the lifting means (5-6) remain fixed with respect to the floor slab (1), when said lifting means are actuated (5-6) the mobile elements (8) are displaced with respect to the fixed elements and therefore to the floor slab (1) and the slab of the outer wall (2) rotates or rather is ablated with respect to an axis coinciding with one of its lower support edges on the floor slab (1).
Este movimiento de abatimiento se puede apreciar con claridad en las figuras 5A-5C. Lógicamente la varilla (7) podrá girar con respecto del vastago (9) para asi poder convertir el movimiento lineal del elemento de elevación (5-6)This movement of dejection can be seen clearly in Figures 5A-5C. Logically, the rod (7) can rotate with respect to the rod (9) in order to convert the linear movement of the lifting element (5-6)
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) - S -SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - S -
en un movimiento de abatimiento de la losa de la pared exterior (2) .in a movement of abatement of the slab of the outer wall (2).
El proceso de elevación se prolonga hasta que se consigue que la losa de la pared exterior (2) quede totalmente erguida y por lo tanto perpendicular a la losa del suelo (1) .The lifting process continues until the slab of the outer wall (2) is completely erect and therefore perpendicular to the floor slab (1).
La elevación de ambas losas de las paredes exteriores (2- 2' ) se realiza en una misma operación quedando las dos paredes de pie situadas de forma paralela. Para evitar que dichas losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) caigan por su propio peso se utiliza una estructura soporte (11) auxiliar la cual se introduce por los huecos (3-3') o (4-4') correspondientes a ventanas enfrentadas correspondientes a cada una de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) .The elevation of both slabs of the outer walls (2- 2 ') is carried out in the same operation, leaving the two standing walls in parallel. To prevent said slabs from the outer walls (2-2 ') from falling by their own weight, an auxiliary support structure (11) is used which is introduced through the corresponding holes (3-3') or (4-4 ') facing windows corresponding to each of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ').
Dicha estructura soporte (11) está compuesta por al menos dos barras paralelas (30) unidas entre si por una pluralidad de barras que se encuentran inclinadas con respecto a las mimas, determinando una estructura espacial. Sobre los extremos libre de cada una de dichas barras (30) se disponen los medios de unión a las ventanas, concretamente cada una de las barras se unirán a uno de los lados laterales o costados de los huecos de las ventanas. Los citados medios de unión comprenden dos mordazas (13-14) una de ellas (14) situada en la cara interior de la losa de la pared y la otra (13) en la cara exterior de la misma, tal y como se aprecia en el detalle de la figura 6, situándose a continuación de dichas mordazas sendos casquillos roscados (15) que tendrán posibilidad de ser roscados sobre tramos roscados practicados en cada una de las barras (30) . En una realización preferente de la invención se aprovecharan los mecanismos empleados en la actualidad para la colocación y elevación de andamios los cuales se soldaran a los extremos de las barras (30) dejando un espacio suficiente entre ellos superior al grosor de las losas que constituyen las paredes exteriores (2-2').Said support structure (11) is composed of at least two parallel bars (30) joined together by a plurality of bars that are inclined with respect to the mimes, determining a spatial structure. The means for joining the windows are arranged on the free ends of each of said bars (30), specifically each of the bars will be joined to one of the side or side sides of the window recesses. Said joining means comprise two jaws (13-14) one of them (14) located on the inner face of the wall slab and the other (13) on the outer face thereof, as can be seen in the detail of figure 6, being placed next to said jaws two threaded bushings (15) that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections made in each of the bars (30). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mechanisms currently used for the placement and elevation of scaffolding which will be welded to the ends of the bars (30) will be used, leaving a sufficient space between them greater than the thickness of the slabs that constitute the exterior walls (2-2 ' ).
Gracias a la estructura (11) y a su debida fijación a las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) se consigue que laThanks to the structure (11) and its proper fixation to the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') it is achieved that the
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) estabilidad del conjunto sea mayor y que dichas losas no caigan al suelo por su propio pesoSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) stability of the assembly is greater and that said slabs do not fall to the ground by their own weight
El mismo proceso se lleva a cabo con las losas correspondientes a las otras dos paredes exteriores (16-16') de la edificación las cuales son perpendiculares a las losas (2-2' ) , es decir se sitúan tumbadas sobre la losa del suelo (1) empleándose medios de elevación (5-6) y (5'-6'), pudiéndose utilizar los mismos elementos que para las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) u otros independientes y una estructura soporte (11) similar, consiguiendo de esta manera estibar las cuatro losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) y (16-16') de la edificación para su posterior unión entre sí, tal y como se aprecia en la figura 6.The same process is carried out with the slabs corresponding to the other two exterior walls (16-16 ') of the building which are perpendicular to the slabs (2-2'), that is, they are lying on the floor slab (1) using lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 '), being able to use the same elements as for the slabs of the outer walls (2-2') or other independent ones and a support structure (11) similar, thus achieving the stowage of the four slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') of the building for subsequent connection with each other, as shown in Figure 6.
La unión entre las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') perpendiculares entre sí se consigue mediante patillas (17) de varilla corrugada de extremos doblados integradas en las propias losas durante el proceso de prefabricado de las mismas, tales patillas (17) corresponden a los extremos del mallazo que se incluyen en el interior de las losas durante el moldeo "in situ" de las mismas .The union between the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') perpendicular to each other is achieved by means of temples (17) of corrugated rod with folded ends integrated in the slabs themselves during the prefabricated process of the same, such pins (17) correspond to the ends of the mesh which are included inside the slabs during the "in situ" molding thereof.
Empleando sendas armaduras metálicas (18-19) para cada una de las una de las aristas de la edificación se realiza la unión de las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16' ) . Concretamente se utilizarán dos armaduras metálicas en forma de escuadra situándose una de ellas (18) en la cara interior de las citadas losas y la otra (19) en la cara exterior y quedando fijadas entre sí y a la correspondiente losa para verter posteriormente en el hueco existente entre las losas contiguas el hormigón en masa y así proceder a la unión segura y duradera de las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16').Using metal reinforcements (18-19) for each of the one of the edges of the building, the slabs of the four exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') are made. Specifically, two square-shaped metal reinforcements will be used, placing one of them (18) on the inner face of the mentioned slabs and the other (19) on the outer face and being fixed to each other and to the corresponding slab to subsequently pour into the hole existing between the adjacent slabs the concrete mass and thus proceed to the safe and durable union of the slabs of the four exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16').
De esta forma se consigue levantar las paredes de la casa quedando únicamente por elevar el techo, cuya elevación se lleva a cabo de la siguiente manera.In this way it is possible to lift the walls of the house being only to raise the roof, whose elevation is carried out as follows.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) En la figura 8 se aprecia como la losa del techo (20) se sitúa sobre la losa del suelo (1) en el hueco dejado por las cuatro losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) y (16-16' ) una vez han sido unidas. La losa del techo (20) dispone de al menos cuatro aberturas (21), en el presente caso circulares, para dejar paso a respectivos medios de elevación (5-6) y (5'-6'). Cada una de las aberturas (21) dispone de elementos de enganche similares a los utilizados en el caso de las losas de las paredes exteriores, las cuales consisten en varillas (22) dobladas introducidas en la propia losa del techo (20) durante el procedimiento de moldeo de las mismas, las cuales definen un punto de conexión con los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') de forma que al elevarse a la vez la parte móvil de los cuatro medios de elevación a su vez se eleva la losa del techo (20) paralelamente a la losa del suelo (1) hasta que llega a una altura aproximadamente igual a la altura de las paredes exteriores. Los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') se fijarán en esta ocasión a la losa del suelo (1) de forma que no sea posible su giro con respecto a dicha losa empleando un casquillo fijado a la losa del suelo (1) o un elemento similar que pueda retener, sin que ésta gire, a la parte, fija de los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6').SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figure 8 shows how the roof slab (20) is placed on the floor slab (1) in the hole left by the four slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') a They have been united once. The roof slab (20) has at least four openings (21), in this case circular, to give way to respective lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 '). Each of the openings (21) has coupling elements similar to those used in the case of slabs of the outer walls, which consist of bent rods (22) introduced into the ceiling slab itself (20) during the procedure for molding them, which define a connection point with the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') so that at the same time the movable part of the four lifting means is raised at its Once the roof slab (20) is raised parallel to the floor slab (1) until it reaches a height approximately equal to the height of the outer walls. The lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') will be fixed on this occasion to the floor slab (1) so that its rotation with respect to said slab is not possible using a bushing fixed to the slab from the ground (1) or a similar element that it can retain, without this turning, to the fixed part of the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6').
Por su parte la losa de techo (20) presenta una pluralidad de patillas (23) a modo de gancho realizadas en acero corrugado, integradas en la losa en el proceso de moldeo empleando un mallazo, con la particularidad de que inicialmente dichas patillas (23) se encuentran dobladas en el momento de colocar la losa del techo (20) sobre la losa del suelo (1) con el fin de que dicha losa de techo (20) y sus correspondientes patillas (23) quepan en el hueco que hay entre las losas de las paredes exteriores. Una vez se ha elevado la losa de techo (20) se enderezan las patillas (23) citadas prolongándose mas allá del borde superior de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16'). Tal y como se aprecia en la figura 9A, la unión entre el canto superior de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) yOn the other hand, the roof slab (20) has a plurality of hooks (23) as a hook made of corrugated steel, integrated in the slab in the molding process using a mesh, with the particularity that initially said pins (23 ) are folded at the time of placing the ceiling slab (20) on the floor slab (1) so that said ceiling slab (20) and its corresponding pins (23) fit in the gap between the slabs of the outer walls. Once the roof slab (20) has been raised, the aforementioned pins (23) are straightened, extending beyond the upper edge of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'). As can be seen in Figure 9A, the connection between the upper edge of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) (16-16') y la losa del techo (20) se consigue gracias a las citadas patillas (23) y a las propias patillas (24) de las losas que constituyen dichas paredes exteriores, ayudándose de sendas armaduras metálicas normalmente materializadas en forma de chapa una de ellas (25) angular colocada por la cara interna tanto de la losa de techo (20) como de las correspondientes losas de las paredes exteriores y un cajón (26) o molde exterior que se fija a la cara exterior de las losas de las paredes exteriores quedando definido un espacio sobre el que se verterá el hormigón en masa para proceder a la unión entre las losas mencionadas.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) (16-16 ') and the roof slab (20) is achieved thanks to the aforementioned pins (23) and the pins themselves (24) of the slabs that constitute said outer walls, with the help of metal trusses normally materialized in the form of sheet one of them (25) angular placed on the inner face of both the roof slab (20) and the corresponding slabs of the outer walls and a drawer (26) or outer mold that is fixed to the outer face of the slabs of the outer walls being defined a space on which the concrete will be poured in mass to proceed to the union between the mentioned slabs.
En la figura 4 se representa una variante de lo representado en la figura 3, en la cual la losa del suelo (1) dispondrá de cajeados (27) para la introducción de las patillas inferiores de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2- 2' ) una vez que las mismas han sido abatidas y totalmente erquidas .Figure 4 shows a variant of what is shown in Figure 3, in which the floor slab (1) will have holes (27) for the introduction of the lower pins of the slabs of the exterior walls (2- 2 ') once they have been demolished and totally erected.
Las ventanas en su parte exterior podrán tener acopladas molduras (figura 1) de configuración escalonada para darle una mayor estética al conjunto arquitectónico de la vivienda, tales molduras podrán ser independientes para cada lado del marco de la ventana o podrán ser monopieza siendo acopladas directamente sobre el marco de la citada ventana.The windows on the outside may have coupled moldings (figure 1) of stepped configuration to give a greater aesthetic to the architectural ensemble of the house, such moldings can be independent for each side of the window frame or they can be single piece being coupled directly on the frame of the mentioned window.
El citado cajón (26) utilizado para la unión de la losa de techo (20) con las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') podrá tener una configuración ondulada pudiendo definir un escalonamiento de perfil ondulado, tal y como se aprecia en la figura 1, para imitar el aspecto que tendría un tejado convencional formado a base de tejas y asi poder dotar de una mayor estética a la edificación.Said drawer (26) used for joining the roof slab (20) with the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') may have a wavy configuration and can define a staggered profile , as can be seen in figure 1, to imitate the appearance that a conventional roof formed with tiles would have and thus be able to provide a greater aesthetic to the building.
Por su parte, la figura 2 representa de forma esquemática un ejemplo de distribución interior de una edificación construido mediante el método objeto de la presente invención, teniendo dicha edificación una planta prismática rectangular y en la que se pueden distinguir una serie de estancias o habitaciones (40-46) y sobretodo en la que se han queridoOn the other hand, Figure 2 schematically represents an example of an interior distribution of a building constructed by the method object of the present invention, said building having a rectangular prismatic plant and in which a series of rooms or rooms can be distinguished ( 40-46) and above all in which they have wanted
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) representar una pluralidad de columnas de apoyo (35) dispuestas en puntos específicos de la edificación de manera que sean capaces de soportar el peso propio de la losa del techo (20) . Tales columnas se colocarán inmediatamente antes de retirar los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') cuando se ha elevado por completo la losa del techo (20) y se ha procedido a su unión con las losas de las paredes exterioresSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) represent a plurality of support columns (35) arranged at specific points of the building so that they are capable of supporting the weight of the roof slab (20). Such columns will be placed immediately before removing the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') when the ceiling slab (20) has been completely raised and its connection with the slabs of the exterior walls
(2-2') y (16-16') . Las citadas columnas se unirán de forma segura tanto a la losa del suelo (1) como a la losa del techo (20) utilizando medios de unión conocidos.(2-2 ') and (16-16'). Said columns will be securely attached to both the floor slab (1) and the ceiling slab (20) using known joining means.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Sistema para la construcción de una edificación semiprefabricada que está compuesta por una pluralidad de losas correspondientes a las paredes exteriores, suelo y techo de la vivienda, disponiendo las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') de una pluralidad de huecos (3-4) y (3' -4') correspondientes a las ventanas y puertas, caracterizado porque dos de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) se sitúan paralelas entre si en posición tumbada sobre la losa del suelo (1) , quedando uno de los lados de cada pared (2-2' ) alineado respectivamente con uno de los bordes paralelos de la losa del suelo (1), fijándose sobre la losa del suelo (1) medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6'), los cuales disponen de una parte fija y otra móvil (8) con respecto a dicha losa, quedando situados respectivamente en los huecos (3-4) y (3' -4') de las ventanas de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2') y permaneciendo unida la parte móvil1. System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building that is composed of a plurality of slabs corresponding to the exterior walls, floor and ceiling of the house, arranging the slabs of the exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16' ) of a plurality of holes (3-4) and (3 '-4') corresponding to the windows and doors, characterized in that two of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') are placed parallel to each other in a lying position on the floor slab (1), one of the sides of each wall (2-2 ') being aligned respectively with one of the parallel edges of the floor slab (1), being fixed on the floor slab (1) means of elevation (5-6) and (5 '-6'), which have a fixed part and a mobile part (8) with respect to said slab, being located respectively in the holes (3-4) and (3 ' -4 ') of the windows of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2') and the moving part remaining joined
(8) de dichos medios de elevación a elementos de anclaje (7) situados en los citados huecos y fijados a las losas, produciéndose la elevación de las losas de paredes exteriores (2-2' ) por abatimiento de las mismas con respecto a su canto inferior hasta que dichas losas se sitúan en posición vertical y colocándose posteriormente sobre los huecos (4-4') de las ventanas que quedan enfrentadas entre si de cada una de las losas de las paredes exteriores, una estructura soporte (11) fijada a su vez a ambas losas (2-2') por medio de elementos de fijación, repitiendo las operaciones descritas para el caso de las otras dos paredes exteriores (16-16' ) y uniendo las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') entre si y porque en el hueco delimitado por las cuatro paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16'), y apoyada en la losa del suelo (1), se sitúa la losa del techo (20) la cual presenta una pluralidad de aberturas (21) , situadas en coincidencia con la posición de los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') empleados en las etapas anteriores, quedando unida la parte móvil (8) de dichos medios de elevación (5-6) y (5'-6') a elementos de(8) of said lifting means to anchoring elements (7) located in said hollows and fixed to the slabs, the elevation of the exterior wall slabs (2-2 ') taking place due to their abating in relation to their lower edge until said slabs are placed in an upright position and subsequently placed on the gaps (4-4 ') of the windows facing each other of each of the slabs of the outer walls, a support structure (11) fixed to in turn to both slabs (2-2 ') by means of fixing elements, repeating the operations described for the case of the other two outer walls (16-16') and joining the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') with each other and because in the hollow delimited by the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'), and supported by the floor slab (1), the roof slab (20) which has a plurality of openings (21), located in coincidence with the position of the means of elevation (5-6) and (5 '-6') used in the previous stages, the moving part (8) of said lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 ') being attached to elements of
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) anclaje (22) situados en las citadas aberturas, produciéndose la elevación de la losa del techo (20) hasta una altura por encima de la altura de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2- 2') y (16-16'), uniéndose la losa del techo (20) al canto superior de las losas de las cuatro paredes exteriores (2-2' ) y (16-16' ) .SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) anchor (22) located in the aforementioned openings, resulting in the elevation of the roof slab (20) to a height above the height of the slabs of the outer walls (2- 2 ') and (16-16'), joining the roof slab (20) to the upper edge of the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16').
2. Sistema según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque cada una de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2' ) y (16-16') dispone de al menos un hueco para las ventanas. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') has at least one window recess.
3. Sistema según las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizado porque los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') comprenden gatos hidráulicos, situándose al menos uno de dichos gatos hidráulicos en al menos dos de los huecos de las ventanas de las losas de paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16'). 3. System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') comprise hydraulic jacks, at least one of said hydraulic jacks being located in at least two of the gaps of the slab windows of exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16').
4. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque para la unión de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16'), se utilizan al menos dos armaduras metálicas (18-19) en forma de escuadra, situándose una de ellas (18) en la cara interior de las citadas losas y la otra (19) en la cara exterior y quedando fijadas entre si y a la correspondiente losa, vertiendo posteriormente hormigón en masa.4. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that for joining the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'), at least two metal reinforcements (18-19) are used in shape square, one of them (18) being located on the inside of the mentioned slabs and the other (19) on the outside and being fixed between them and the corresponding slab, then pouring concrete in mass.
5. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las losas de paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') y del techo (20) disponen de una pluralidad de patillas (24) y (23) respectivamente perpendiculares a los cantos de dichas losas, teniendo dichas patillas sus extremos curvados.System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slabs of outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') and of the ceiling (20) have a plurality of pins (24) and (23) respectively perpendicular to the edges of said slabs, said pins having their curved ends.
6. Sistema según la reivindicación 5, porque las patillas (23) , correspondientes a la losa del techo (20) , inicialmente se encuentra dobladas y cuando se eleva la losa de techo (20) por encima del canto superior de las losas de las paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') se enderezan dichas varillas (23) . System according to claim 5, because the pins (23), corresponding to the roof slab (20), are initially bent and when the roof slab (20) is raised above the upper edge of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') said rods (23) are straightened.
7. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque los elementos de anclaje (7),7. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring elements (7),
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) situados en los huecos de las ventanas de las losas de paredes exteriores y los cuales quedan conectados a la parte móvilSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) located in the hollows of the windows of the exterior wall slabs and which are connected to the mobile part
(8) de los medios de elevación (5-6) y (5' -6') comprenden a menos una varilla que dispone de una porción central curvada para su asiento sobre dicha parte móvil (8) y cuyos extremos se unen a la losa de las paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') en la fase de moldeado de la misma.(8) of the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') comprise at least one rod that has a curved central portion for its seat on said movable part (8) and whose ends are attached to the slab of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') in the molding phase thereof.
8. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la estructura soporte (11) esta constituida por dos barras (30) paralelas, sobre cada una de las cuales se sitúan los elementos de fijación de la estructura soporte (11) a las losas de las paredes exterioresSystem according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support structure (11) is constituted by two parallel bars (30), on each of which the fixing elements of the support structure (11) are placed on the slabs. of the outer walls
(2-2') y (16-16'), comprendiendo dichos medios de unión dos mordazas (13-14) una de ellas (14) situada en la cara interior de la losa de la pared y la otra (13) en la cara exterior de la misma, situándose a continuación de dichas mordazas sendos casquillos roscados (15) que tendrán posibilidad de ser roscados sobre tramos roscados practicados en cada una de las barras (30) . (2-2 ') and (16-16'), said joining means comprising two jaws (13-14) one of them (14) located on the inner face of the wall slab and the other (13) in the outer face thereof, being located next to said jaws two threaded bushings (15) that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections made in each of the bars (30).
9. Sistema según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las armaduras empleadas para la unión de la losa de techo (20) con las losas de paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') comprenden una escuadra interior (25) y un molde exterior (26) dotado de en una de sus caras de una superficie con forma ondulada definiendo un vuelo en la cornisa de dicha losa de techo (20) después de su unión a las citadas losas de paredes exteriores (2-2') y (16-16') mediante hormigón en masa.9. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcements used for joining the roof slab (20) with the outer wall slabs (2-2 ') and (16-16') comprise an inner square ( 25) and an outer mold (26) provided on one of its faces with a corrugated surface defining a flight on the cornice of said roof slab (20) after its attachment to said exterior wall slabs (2- 2 ') and (16-16') by mass concrete.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
PCT/ES2007/000029 2006-01-25 2007-01-24 System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building WO2007085669A1 (en)

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MX2008001229A MX2008001229A (en) 2006-01-25 2007-01-24 System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building.
BRPI0707262-7A BRPI0707262A2 (en) 2006-01-25 2007-01-24 system for building a prefabricated building
US12/162,288 US20090301002A1 (en) 2006-01-25 2007-01-24 System for constructing a semi-prefabricated building
EP07704743A EP1978170A1 (en) 2006-01-25 2007-01-24 System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building
CA002640341A CA2640341A1 (en) 2006-01-25 2007-01-24 System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building
AU2007209317A AU2007209317A1 (en) 2006-01-25 2007-01-24 System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building

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ES200600168A ES2262442B1 (en) 2006-01-25 2006-01-25 SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SEMIPREFABRICATED BUILDING.

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ES2395104B1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2013-12-11 Domingo Bengoa Saez De Cortazar SEMIPREFABRICATED BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF SUCH BUILDING
CN109113349A (en) * 2017-06-24 2019-01-01 李聪 A kind of positioning device and its localization method of precast floor slab

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FR2213388A1 (en) * 1973-01-09 1974-08-02 Wartelle Rene
FR2450326A1 (en) * 1979-03-01 1980-09-26 Services Construction Sarl Building technique for casting vertical concrete walls - uses building floor as bottom shutter for wall which is cast horizontally then raised to vertical position

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UA92378C2 (en) 2010-10-25
US20090301002A1 (en) 2009-12-10
BRPI0707262A2 (en) 2011-04-26
MX2008001229A (en) 2008-03-24
ES2262442B1 (en) 2007-11-01
RU2415231C2 (en) 2011-03-27
RU2008130692A (en) 2010-02-27
MA29761B1 (en) 2008-09-01
CN101375005A (en) 2009-02-25
EP1978170A1 (en) 2008-10-08
AU2007209317A1 (en) 2007-08-02
ES2262442A1 (en) 2006-11-16
ZA200806494B (en) 2009-12-30

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