MX2008001229A

MX2008001229A - System for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building.

Info

Publication number: MX2008001229A
Application number: MX2008001229A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Domingo Bengoa Saez D Cortazar
Original assignee: Domingo Bengoa Saez D Cortazar
Priority date: 2006-01-25
Filing date: 2007-01-24
Publication date: 2008-03-24
Also published as: CA2640341A1; UA92378C2; US20090301002A1; BRPI0707262A2; ES2262442B1; RU2415231C2; RU2008130692A; MA29761B1; CN101375005A; WO2007085669A1; EP1978170A1; AU2007209317A1; ES2262442A1; ZA200806494B

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the construction of a semi-prefabricated building comprising a plurality of slabs corresponding to the external walls (2-2') and (16-16'), floor (1) and roof (20) of the dwelling. The slabs are moulded in situ at the site of the building and the respective external slabs (2-2') and (16-16') are erected and the slab (21) is raised using lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6') located in the cavities (3-4) and (3'-4') and openings (21) in the external wall slabs and the roof slab respectively. The slabs corresponding to the longer external walls (2-2') are first erected, followed by those corresponding to the shorter walls (16-16'), after which the roof slab (31) is raised. The aforementioned cavities and openings are provided with respective anchoring elements (7 and 22) for connecting the slabs to the lifting means.

Description

SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SEMIPREFABRICATED BUILDING FIELD AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The invention is encompassed within the field of building construction and more specifically to the construction of buildings from semiprefabricated concrete slabs, the type of buildings that could be built with this procedure would be buildings of non-excessive dimensions as single-family homes, small warehouses or industrial warehouses and workshops.

STATE OF THE ART Today there are different systems known for the construction of buildings of small dimensions from mass concrete which is poured onto molds and formwork plates for subsequent setting constituting mainly the structure of the house as are the footings , pillars, forged, etc. Different systems are also known for the construction of buildings from prefabricated concrete slabs which are arranged on the floor or floor of the building to directly form the floor and ceiling walls of the same.

Normally said slabs are usually brought already conformed to the place of the building but in some cases they are molded in "in situ", such slabs are usually constituted by leaving gaps in them for the windows and doors of the building. Normally the stowage operations of the aforementioned slabs, which have great weights, are carried out through expensive lifting facilities such as cranes of considerable size, which have to have a large amount of space on the construction site for its stable interlocking to the ground, having to use auxiliary means such as for example hooks or similar elements for the fastening and handling of said slabs during the operations of stowing and transporting them. In addition to the high costs and the large amount of time consumed in the aforementioned stowage operations, during the same accidents tend to occur by breakage of the auxiliary fastening elements which can trigger both personal losses and material losses if the slab falls from a great height being able to be totally or partially destroyed both the slab itself and other installations and elements of the building.

Therefore, a need has been detected to provide a construction method of the aforementioned type of buildings, starting from simple means of raising the slabs, to make the stowage operations highly simple and of low cost, for this purpose it has been thought in employing a plurality of lifting means fixed to the base or floor of the building, which are located in the gaps that have the slabs for the arrangement of the windows and doors, in said gaps being provided anchoring means of the slab to the mentioned lifting means, producing the elevation of the slabs and their placement in an upright position in a controlled and highly secure manner. This object is achieved by means of the invention as defined in claim 1, preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for the construction of a semiprefabricated building that is composed of a plurality of slabs corresponding to the exterior walls, floor and ceiling of the house, the slabs of the outer walls of a plurality of holes corresponding to the windows and doors. The system is characterized because two of the slabs of exterior walls are placed parallel to each other in a lying position on the floor slab, leaving one of the sides of each wall aligned respectively with one of the parallel edges of the floor slab, being fixed on the floor slab lifting means, which have a fixed part and a moving part with respect to said slab, being located in the hollows of the windows of the slabs of the outer walls and the mobile part of said lifting means remaining attached to anchoring elements located in said holes and fixed to the slabs, resulting in the elevation of the slabs of walls outside by lowering them with respect to their lower edge until said slabs are placed in an upright position and then placed on the holes of the windows that are facing each other of each of the slabs of the outer walls, a fixed support structure in turn to both slabs by means of fixing elements, repeating the operations described for the case of the other two outer walls and joining the slabs of the four outer walls to each other Furthermore, in the hollow delimited by the four outer walls, and resting on the floor slab, the roof slab is located, which has a plurality of openings, located in coincidence ia with the position of the lifting means used in the previous steps, the moving part of said lifting means being attached to anchoring elements located in said openings, producing the lifting of the roof slab to a height above the height of the slabs of the exterior walls, joining the roof slab to the upper edge of the slabs of the four exterior walls. In this way and thanks to a simple lifting elements, a vertical positioning of the building walls and a fairly simple roof elevation is achieved, without having to use expensive lifting means such as cranes. Furthermore, with the described configuration of the system, the same lifting elements can be used to lift both the slabs of the outer walls and the roof slab. The slabs of the exterior walls may have at least one hole for the windows. For its part, the lifting means may comprise a plurality of hydraulic jacks, at least one of said hydraulic jacks being located in at least two of the hollows of the windows of the outer wall slabs. The system can work with a single elevation element by exterior wall slab (a single window opening) provided that the weight of the slab is such that it is supported by the aforementioned hydraulic jacks, in case said weight is exceeded it should be use more than one lifting element for each slab, its number being determined based on the properties of each cat and the weight of the slab. For joining the slabs of the outer walls together, at least two metal reinforcements may be used in the form of a square, one of them being located on the inside face of the aforementioned slabs and the other on the outside face and being fixed to each other and to the corresponding slab, later pouring concrete in mass. In this way a stable and secure connection is achieved between the slabs of the four outer walls.

The slabs of exterior walls and roof may have a plurality of tabs perpendicular to the joining edges between said slabs, said tabs having their ends curved.

With the described shape and placement of the pins, the joints between the slabs are more rigid and resistant to the different stresses to which the building is subjected. The temples corresponding to the roof slab may initially be bent and when the roof slab is raised above the upper edge of the slabs of exterior walls, said slabs are straightened. This makes it possible for the roof slab to fit into the gap left by the slabs of the four outer walls when said roof slab is deposited on the floor slab, and then once it has been raised to the roof slab said temples are straightened, which will serve as resistant elements in the connection of the roof slab with the slabs of the exterior walls. The anchoring elements, located in the window recesses of the outer wall slabs and which are connected to the moving part of the lifting means comprise at least one rod that has a curved central portion for its seating on said part. mobile and whose ends join the slab in the molding phase of it.

Said rods serve to hang the slabs on the mobile part of the lifting means, which will have a rod perpendicular to the direction of movement of said moving part with respect to the fixed part. In addition, the support structure may be constituted by two parallel bars, on each of which are located the fixing elements of the support structure to the slabs of the outer walls, said joining means comprising two jaws one of them located in the inner face of the slab of the wall and the other on the outer face thereof, located next to said jaws threaded bushings that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections made in each of the bars. By means of the commented jaws it is made that the support structure and the two slabs that it connects, are aligned and solidly joined to each other, forming in turn a stable structure avoiding that these slabs fall to the ground by their own weight. Finally, the reinforcements used for the union of the roof slab with the slabs of the exterior walls comprise an interior square and an exterior mold provided on one of its faces with a wavy surface defining a flight on the cornice of said roof. roof slab after its union to the aforementioned slabs of exterior walls by means of concrete in mass. In this way the solidary union between the roof slab and the slabs of the exterior walls is achieved, leaving an undulating finish on the cornices of the building which is of great aesthetic value.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The following is a brief description of a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that are expressly related to embodiments of said invention that are presented as illustrative and non-limiting examples thereof. Figure 1 represents a perspective view of an example of a building constructed by the system object of the present invention. Figure 2 represents a plan view of an example distribution in which the different rooms of a building constructed by the system object of the present invention are appreciated. Figure 3 represents a top plan view of the floor slab and the two slabs corresponding to two of the parallel external walls in a first stage of the construction of the building according to a system object of the present invention.

Figure 4 represents a plan view similar to that shown in figure 3 for a second variant of the system object of the present mention in which a connection will be made between the slabs of the exterior walls and the floor slab. Figures 5A to 5C represent views in section according to the plane of section I-I of Figure 3 in which the different phases of assembly of two of the outer walls of the system object of the present invention are appreciated. Figure 6 represents a sectional view according to the plane of section I-I of figure 3 in which a final stage of assembly of two of the outer walls when they are upright can be seen, as well as a detail of the union of the auxiliary structure to the exterior walls.

Figure 7 represents a plan view of the floor slab and the four corresponding slabs of the outer walls before their joining. Figure 8 represents a top plan view of the floor slab on which the roof slab is placed before being raised on it. Figures 9A and 9B represent a sectional view according to the plane of section II-II of figure 8 in which two stages of the process of raising the roof slab with respect to the floor slab and the slabs of the outer walls.

DESCRIPTION OF A MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Figure 3 shows a plan view of a first stage of the building process using the system object of the present invention. Specifically, a base plate (1) which constitutes the floor of the house and which is constituted by a prefabricated concrete slab, on which two of the outer walls (2-2 '), said outer walls ( 2-2 ') are also prefabricated concrete slabs and each have two holes (3-4) and (3' -4 ') respectively for the windows, although it could have any number of windows, such as a single window. . The said holes (3-4) and (3 '-4') have been shaped while the slab itself is formed by concrete casting. Inside the holes left by the windows and anchored to the base plate (1) there are two lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') consisting in particular of hydraulic jacks, which can also be pneumatic jacks or any other similar lifting means.

For their part, the windows have anchoring elements, said elements, in this embodiment of the invention are rods (7-7 ') of corrugated steel that have a curvature in their central area and that are inserted (inserted) in the concrete in the conformation phase of the slabs of the exterior walls (2-2 '). The curved area of said rods (7-7 ') defines an anchor point with the lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6') and more specifically with the moving part (8) thereof through of a rod (9) perpendicular to said moving part. The lifting means (5-5 ') and (6-6'), will be joined together by means of bars 31, in order to maintain the relative position between them and in turn will be fixed to the floor slab (1) by using known means such as screws or rivets. The lifting means (5-6) and (5-6 ') will have the possibility of rotating with respect to the floor plate (1) thanks to a ball joint (10), said rotation occurring in a plane perpendicular to the floor slab (1) and the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 '). Since the slab of the outer wall (2) is linked to the rod (7) which in turn is connected to the mobile part (8) of the lifting means and that the lifting means (5-6) remain fixed with respect to the floor slab (1), when said lifting means (5-6) are operated, the mobile elements (8) move with respect to the fixed elements and therefore to the floor slab (1) and the slab of the outer wall (2) rotates or rather collapses with respect to an axis coinciding with one of its lower supporting edges on the floor slab (1). This movement of abatement can be seen clearly in Figures 5A-5C. Logically, the rod (7) can rotate with respect to the rod (9) in order to convert the linear movement of the lifting element (5-6) into a movement of folding the slab of the outer wall (2). The lifting process is prolonged until it is achieved that the slab of the outer wall (2) is completely upright and therefore perpendicular to the floor slab (1). The elevation of both slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') is carried out in the same operation, leaving the two standing walls parallel. To prevent the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') from falling by their own weight, an auxiliary supporting structure (11) is used, which is inserted through the corresponding recesses (3-3') or (4-4 ') to facing windows corresponding to each of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 '). Said support structure (11) is composed of at least two parallel bars (30) joined together by a plurality of bars that are inclined with respect to the same, determining a spatial structure. On the free ends of each of said bars (30) are arranged the means of attachment to the windows, namely each of the bars will be attached to one of the lateral sides or sides of the window openings. The aforementioned joining means comprise two jaws (13-14), one of them (14) located on the inner side of the slab of the wall and the other (13) on the outer face of the same, as shown in FIG. the detail of Figure 6, located next to said jaws threaded bushings (15) that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections made in each of the bars (30). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the currently used mechanisms for placing and lifting scaffolds will be used, which will be welded to the ends of the bars (30) leaving a sufficient space between them greater than the thickness of the slabs that constitute the exterior walls (2-2").

Thanks to the structure (11) and its proper fixation to the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 '), the stability of the assembly is greater and the said slabs do not fall to the ground due to their own weight. The same process is carried out carried out with the slabs corresponding to the other two outer walls (16-16 ') of the building which are perpendicular to the slabs (2-2'), that is to say they lie on the floor slab (1) using means of elevation (5-6) and (5 '-6'), being able to use the same elements as for the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') or other independent and a support structure (11) similar, getting this stow the four slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') of the building for later joining together, as shown in Figure 6. The union between the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') perpendicular to each other is achieved by pins (17) of corrugated rod With folded ends integrated into the slabs themselves during the prefabrication process thereof, such lugs (17) correspond to the ends of the mesh that are included in the interior of the slabs during the "in situ" molding thereof.

Using metal reinforcements (18-19) for each of the edges of the building, the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') are joined. Specifically, two metal reinforcements in the form of a square will be used, one of them being located (18) on the inside face of the aforementioned slabs and the other (19) on the outside face and being fixed to each other and to the corresponding slab to be subsequently poured into the hole existing between the adjacent slabs the concrete in mass and thus proceed to the safe and durable union of the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'). In this way it is possible to raise the walls of the house leaving only for raising the roof, whose elevation is carried out in the following way. Figure 8 shows how the roof slab (20) is placed on the floor slab (1) in the hole left by the four slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') a once they have been united. The roof slab (20) has at least four openings (21), in the present case circular, to make way for respective lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 '). Each of the openings (21) has latching elements similar to those used in the case of the slabs of the outer walls, which consist of bent rods (22) inserted in the roof slab (20) during the procedure of molding thereof, which define a point of connection with the lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 ') so that when the moving part of the four lifting means is raised at the same time the roof slab (20) is raised parallel to the floor slab (1) until it reaches a height approximately equal to the height of the exterior walls. The lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 ') will be fixed on this occasion to the floor slab (1) so that its rotation with respect to said slab is not possible using a bushing fixed to the slab of the floor (1) or a similar element that can retain, without it rotating, to the fixed part of the lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 '). For its part, the roof slab (20) has a plurality of hook-shaped lugs (23) made of corrugated steel, integrated into the slab in the molding process using a mesh, with the peculiarity that initially said lugs (23). ) are folded at the time of placing the roof slab (20) on the floor slab (1) in order that said roof slab (20) and corresponding pins (23) fit in the gap between the slabs of the exterior walls. Once the roof slab (20) has been raised, the aforementioned lugs (23) are straightened by extending beyond the upper edge of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'). As shown in Figure 9A, the union between the upper edge of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') and the roof slab (20) is achieved thanks to the aforementioned temples (23) and to the pins themselves ( 24) of the slabs constituting said outer walls, with the help of metal reinforcements normally embodied in sheet form, one of them angular (25) placed on the internal face of both the roof slab (20) and the corresponding slabs of the outer walls and a drawer (26) or external mold that is fixed to the outer face of the slabs of the outer walls, being defined a space on which the concrete will be poured in mass to proceed to the union between the slabs mentioned. Figure 4 shows a variant of what is represented in figure 3, in which the floor slab (1) will have recesses (27) for the introduction of the lower temples of the slabs of the exterior walls (2-2). ') once they have been killed and totally erked.

The windows on the outside may have coupled moldings (Figure 1) of stepped configuration to give greater aesthetics to the architectural set of the house, such moldings may be independent for each side of the window frame or may be monopieza being coupled directly on the frame of the aforementioned window. Said drawer (26) used for joining the roof slab (20) with the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') may have a corrugated configuration and may define a wavy profile staggering , as shown in Figure 1, to imitate the appearance that would have a conventional roof formed from tiles and thus be able to provide greater aesthetics to the building. For its part, Figure 2 schematically represents an example of the internal distribution of a building constructed by the method object of the present invention, said building having a rectangular prismatic floor and in which a series of rooms or rooms can be distinguished ( 40-46) and above all in which it has been intended to represent a plurality of support columns (35) arranged at specific points of the building so that they are capable of supporting the weight of the roof slab (20). Such columns will be placed immediately before removing the lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 ') when the roof slab (20) has been completely raised and has been joined to the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'). Said columns will be joined securely to both the floor slab (1) and the roof slab (20) using known joining means.

Claims

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following: CLAIMS 1. System for the construction of a semiprefabricated building that is composed of a plurality of slabs corresponding to the exterior walls, floor and ceiling of the house, arranging the slabs of the exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16) ') of a plurality of recesses (3-4) and (3' -4 ') corresponding to the windows and doors, characterized in that two of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2') are situated parallel to each other in position lying on the floor slab (1), leaving one of the sides of each wall (2-2 ') aligned respectively with one of the parallel edges of the floor slab (1), fixing on the floor slab (1) lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6'), which have a fixed part and a moving part (8) with respect to said slab, being respectively located in the recesses (3-4) and (3) '-4') of the windows of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and the mobile part (8) of said lifting means remaining attached to it. anchoring elements (7) located in the said holes and fixed to the slabs, producing the elevation of the slabs of exterior walls (2-2 ') by abatement thereof with respect to its bottom edge until said slabs are located in vertical position and then placed on the holes (4-4 ') of the windows that are facing each other of each of the slabs of the outer walls, a support structure (11) in turn fixed to both slabs (2-2 ') by means of fixing elements, repeating the operations described for the case of the other two outer walls (16-16') and joining the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') between each other and because in the gap delimited by the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'), and resting on the floor slab (1), the roof slab (20) is located which presents a plurality of openings (21), located in coincidence with the position of the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') empl in the previous steps, the movable part (8) of said lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') being connected to anchoring elements (22) located in said openings, causing the lifting of the roof slab (20) to a height above the height of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'), joining the roof slab (20) to the upper edge of the slabs of the four outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'). 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') has at least one hole for the windows. System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lifting means (5-6) and (5'-6 ') comprise hydraulic jacks, at least one of said hydraulic jacks being located in at least two of the hollows of the jacks. slab windows with exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'). System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the joining of the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'), at least two metal reinforcements (18-19) are used in the form of square, placing one of them (18) on the inside face of the aforementioned slabs and the other (19) on the outside face and being fixed to each other and the corresponding slab, then pouring concrete into mass. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer wall slabs (2-2 ') and (16-16') and the roof (20) have a plurality of pins (24) and (23) respectively perpendicular to the edges of said slabs, said lugs having their curved ends. 6. System according to claim 5, because the lugs (23), corresponding to the roof slab (20), are initially bent and when the roof slab (20) is raised above the upper edge of the slabs of the exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') said rods (23) are straightened. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring elements (7), located in the window recesses of the slabs of external walls and which are connected to the moving part (8) of the lifting means (5-6) and (5 '-6') comprise at least one rod that has a curved central portion for its seating on said moving part (8) and whose ends are joined to the slab of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16). -16 ') in the molding phase thereof. System according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the support structure (11) is constituted by two parallel bars (30), on each of which the fixing elements of the support structure (11) are placed on the slabs of the outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16'), said joining means comprising two jaws (13-14) one of them (14) located on the inside face of the slab of the wall and the other (13) on the outer face thereof, being located next to said jaws threaded bushings (15) that will have the possibility of being threaded on threaded sections practiced in each of the bars (30). System according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the reinforcements used for the connection of the roof slab (20) with the slabs of outer walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') comprise an interior square ( 25) and an outer mold (26) provided on one of its faces with a wavy surface defining a flight on the cornice of said roof slab (20) after its joining to the said slabs of exterior walls (2-2 ') and (16-16') by means of concrete in mass.