WO2005064627A1 - 電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液及び非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ - Google Patents
電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液及び非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005064627A1 WO2005064627A1 PCT/JP2004/019207 JP2004019207W WO2005064627A1 WO 2005064627 A1 WO2005064627 A1 WO 2005064627A1 JP 2004019207 W JP2004019207 W JP 2004019207W WO 2005064627 A1 WO2005064627 A1 WO 2005064627A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electric double
- double layer
- layer capacitor
- group
- organic solvent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 phosphazene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
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- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 41
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 40
- 235000019000 fluorine Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 31
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- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 27
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 19
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 12
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- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- ITHOCLGVILQYTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-fluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FCCOP(=O)(OCCF)OCCF ITHOCLGVILQYTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double-layer capacitor and a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor provided with the same, and particularly to an electric double-layer capacitor in which the risk of ignition in an emergency is greatly reduced.
- the present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for use.
- An electric double layer capacitor is a capacitor using an electric double layer formed between an electrode and an electrolyte, and a cycle in which an electrolyte force also electrically adsorbs ions on an electrode surface is a charge / discharge cycle.
- the cycle of the oxidation-reduction reaction involving mass transfer is different from that of the battery, which is a charge / discharge cycle.
- the electric double layer capacitor has excellent instantaneous charge / discharge characteristics as compared with a battery and does not involve a chemical reaction. Therefore, even if charge / discharge is repeated, the instant charge / discharge characteristics hardly deteriorate.
- the battery since there is no charge / discharge overvoltage at the time of charge / discharge, a simple and inexpensive electric circuit is sufficient.
- the battery has many advantages over batteries, such as having a durable temperature characteristic over a wide temperature range of -30 to 90 ° C and being non-polluting. In recent years, it has been spotlighted as a new energy storage product that is environmentally friendly. Further, since the electric double-layer capacitor has the above-mentioned characteristics, it has come into the spotlight as a power source for regenerating energy or starting an engine of an electric vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, or a hybrid electric vehicle.
- the electric double layer capacitor is an energy storage device having positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte. At the contact interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, positive and negative charges oppose each other at an extremely short distance. To form an electric double layer. Therefore, the electrolyte plays an important role as an ion source for forming the electric double layer, and thus is an important substance that affects the basic characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor, like the electrode.
- the electrolyte an aqueous electrolyte, a non-aqueous electrolyte, a solid electrolyte and the like are conventionally known.
- non-aqueous electrolyte capable of setting a high operating voltage. Liquid In particular, it has been spotlighted and its practical use is progressing.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte include (C)) P'BF, and non-aqueous organic solvents having a high dielectric constant such as carbonate carbonate (ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, etc.), ⁇ -petit rataton and the like.
- C ⁇ Dissolve solutes (supporting salts) such as N'BF
- the mixed solution is put to practical use.
- the aprotic organic solvent has a low flash point, there is a high risk of ignition when, for example, the electric double layer capacitor ignites due to heat generation or the like.
- the non-protonic organic solvent is vaporized and decomposed to generate gas as the electric double layer capacitor generates heat, and the generated gas and heat cause the electric double layer capacitor to rupture and ignite. There is also a high risk of losing.
- a phosphazene compound is added to a nonaqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor, and the nonaqueous electrolyte is given nonflammability, flame retardancy, or self-extinguishing properties, so that it can be used in emergency.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor has been developed in which the risk of ignition of the double-layer capacitor is greatly reduced (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-217152).
- the phosphazene compound is reduced when the temperature of the electric double layer capacitor rises. If the aprotic organic solvent evaporates before the aprotic organic solvent, the remaining aprotic organic solvent will evaporate singly and decompose to generate gas, or the generated gas and heat will rupture the electric double layer capacitor and ignite. It is not possible to eliminate the dangers that occur or ignite the aprotic organic solvent. Further, when the aprotic organic solvent is vaporized before the phosphazene compound, there is a danger that the vaporized aprotic organic solvent leaks out of the electric double layer capacitor and catches fire.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, in a non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor containing at least one aprotic organic solvent, furthermore, By adding phosphorus and Z or a nitrogen-containing conjugate having a boiling point close to that of the protic organic solvent, the aprotic organic solvent remaining in the capacitor and vaporizing etc. leak out of the capacitor.
- the inventors have found that the danger of ignition or ignition of an aprotic organic solvent can be greatly reduced, and have completed the present invention.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor containing at least one kind of nonprotonic organic solvent and a supporting salt. It is characterized in that a difference in boiling point between the aprotic organic solvent and the aprotic organic solvent is 25 ° C. or less, and the compound contains a compound having phosphorus, Z or nitrogen in a molecule.
- the compound having phosphorus and Z or nitrogen in the molecule has a phosphorus-nitrogen double bond.
- a phosphazene conjugate is particularly preferred.
- the aprotic organic solvent power propylene carbonate, ⁇ -petit mouth ratatone and acetonitrile power is there.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor of the present invention includes the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode.
- a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing at least one aprotic organic solvent is further added to a phosphorus- and / or nitrogen-containing compound having a boiling point close to each aprotic organic solvent.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor in which ignition of an aprotic organic solvent remaining in the capacitor or leaking out of the capacitor is greatly reduced.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention contains at least one kind of aprotic organic solvent and a supporting salt, and further has a difference in boiling point between each of the aprotic organic solvents of 25 ° C or less and a molecular weight. And a compound having phosphorus and z or nitrogen therein.
- the compound having phosphorus and Z or nitrogen in the molecule generates nitrogen gas and Z or phosphate ester to make the non-aqueous electrolyte non-flammable. It has the effect of reducing the risk of ignition of the electric double layer capacitor by making it flame-retardant or self-extinguishing.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte containing an aprotic organic solvent has a boiling point close to that of the aprotic organic solvent, and does not contain phosphorus and Z or a nitrogen-containing compound, the gas phase or the liquid phase may be out of phase.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention contains, together with the aprotic organic solvent, phosphorus and Z or a nitrogen-containing conjugate having a boiling point close to that of the aprotic organic solvent.
- the aprotic organic solvent and the phosphorus and Z or nitrogen-containing compounds are close to each other. If there is, in the gap! Even in this case, the aprotic organic solvent coexists with the phosphorus- and Z- or nitrogen-containing conjugate, and as a result, the risk of ignition and ignition of the non-aqueous electrolyte is greatly reduced.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention contains a low-boiling nonprotonic organic solvent and a high-boiling aprotic organic solvent
- the low-boiling aprotic organic solvent may be used.
- the corresponding phosphorus and Z or nitrogen-containing hydride is vaporized, so that the danger of ignition or ignition of the vaporized aprotic organic solvent can be reduced.
- the high-boiling non-protic organic solvent is also vaporized. Phosphorus having a boiling point close to that of the high boiling aprotic organic solvent together with the protic organic solvent and
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention contains at least one aprotic organic solvent.
- the aprotic organic solvent can reduce the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, and can easily achieve optimal ionic conductivity as an electric double layer capacitor.
- aprotic organic solvent examples include -acetonitrile (AN), propiono-tolyl, butymouth-tolyl, isobutymouth-tolyl, and benzo-tolyl; Ether compounds: Ester compounds such as dimethyl carbonate, getyl carbonate, ethynolemethinolecarbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate (PC), diphenyl carbonate, y-butyrate ratatone (GBL), and y-valerolateton Preferred examples are given. Among them, propylene carbonate, y-petit ratatone and acetonitrile are preferred.
- the cyclic ester compound has a high specific dielectric constant and is excellent in dissolving ability of a supporting salt, and the chain ester ehich compound and ether conjugate compound have a low viscosity. It is suitable in terms of conversion. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention contains a supporting salt.
- the supporting salt can be selected from conventionally known ones, but a quaternary ammonium salt is preferable in terms of good electric conductivity in the electrolytic solution.
- the quaternary ammonium salt is a solute that plays a role as an ion source for forming an electric double layer in a non-aqueous electrolyte, and effectively improves the electrical properties of the electrolyte such as electric conductivity.
- a quaternary ammonium salt capable of forming a polyvalent ion is preferred from the viewpoint of being capable of forming a polyvalent ion.
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium salts include (CH) N-BF, (CH) CHN-BF, (C
- quaternary ammonium salts in which different alkyl groups are bonded to N atoms are preferable because solubility can be improved by increasing the polarizability.
- compounds represented by the following formulas (a) to (j) are also preferable.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group.
- salts capable of generating (CH 2) N +, (CH 2) N +, and the like as cations are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of securing high electric conductivity. Also, the formula quantity is
- Salts that can generate small anions are preferred.
- One kind of these quaternary ammonium salts Or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the concentration of the supporting salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is more preferably from 0.2 to 2.5 mol / L (M), more preferably from 0.8 to 1.5 mol / L (M). If the concentration of the supporting salt is less than 0.2 mol / L (M), the electrical properties such as the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte cannot be sufficiently secured! / In some cases, if it exceeds 2.5 mol / L (M), The viscosity of the electrolyte may increase, and the electrical properties such as electrical conductivity may decrease.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is a compound having a difference in boiling point of 25 ° C. or less from an aprotic organic solvent contained in the electrolytic solution and having phosphorus, Z or nitrogen in a molecule. including. If the difference in boiling point between the aprotic organic solvent contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte and the phosphorus or Z or nitrogen-containing compound exceeds 25 ° C, the aprotic organic solvent vaporizes first and the gaseous aprotic organic There is a high risk that the solvent will ignite or that the remaining liquid aprotic organic solvent will ignite if the phosphorus and Z or nitrogen containing compounds evaporate first.
- the difference in boiling point between the aprotic organic solvent and the compound having phosphorus and Z or nitrogen in the molecule is not more than 20 ° C. Is preferred.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention may contain at least phosphorus and Z or nitrogen-containing compounds having a boiling point difference of 25 ° C. or less from each of the aprotic organic solvents. In addition, it may further contain phosphorus and / or nitrogen-containing conjugates having a difference in boiling point of more than 25 ° C.
- Examples of the compound having phosphorus and Z or nitrogen in the molecule include a compound having phosphorus in the molecule such as a phosphate compound, a polyphosphate compound, a condensed phosphate compound, a triazine compound, Compounds having nitrogen in the molecule such as guanidine conjugates and pyrrolidine conjugates; and phosphazene conjugates, isomers of phosphazene conjugates, phosphazane compounds, and compounds having phosphorus in the molecule.
- Compounds having phosphorus and nitrogen in the molecule such as composite compounds of the exemplified compounds and the compounds exemplified as the compound having nitrogen in the molecule, may be mentioned.
- the compound having phosphorus and nitrogen in the molecule is, of course, an example of the compound having phosphorus in the molecule and the compound having nitrogen in the molecule.
- the phosphorus, Z or nitrogen-containing compound is appropriately selected depending on the aprotic organic solvent used for the electrolytic solution.
- compounds having phosphorus and nitrogen in the molecule are preferable from the viewpoint of cycle characteristics.
- a compound having a phosphorus-nitrogen double bond such as a phosphazene conjugate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving thermal stability and high-temperature storage characteristics. .
- phosphazene conjugate examples include a chain phosphazene compound represented by the following formula (I) and a cyclic phosphazene conjugate represented by the following formula (II).
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element;
- X 1 represents carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, sulfur, selenium , Tellurium, and polonium forces
- Upsilon 2 and Upsilon 3 are each independently a divalent linking group represents a bivalent element or a single bond.
- phosphazene compounds represented by the formula (I) or the formula (II) those which are liquid at 25 ° C (room temperature) are preferable.
- the viscosity of the liquid phosphazene compound at 25 ° C is preferably 300 mPa's (300 cP) or less, more preferably 20 mPa's (20 cP) or less, and particularly preferably 5 mPa's (5 cP) or less.
- the viscosity was measured at lrpm, 2rpm, 3rpm, 5rpm, 7rpm, 10rpm, 20rpm and 50rpm using a viscometer [R type viscometer Model RE50 0-SL, manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.]. The measurement was performed for 120 seconds at each rotation speed, and the rotation speed when the indicated value became 50-60% was used as the analysis condition, and the viscosity was measured at that time.
- the viscosity at 25 ° C of the phosphazene conjugate exceeds 300 mPa's (300 cP)
- the supporting salt becomes difficult to dissolve, the wettability to electrodes, separators, etc.
- R 2 and R 3 are not particularly limited as long as they are monovalent substituents or halogen elements.
- the monovalent substituent include an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group and the like.
- an alkoxy group is preferable in that the viscosity of the electrolytic solution can be reduced.
- preferred examples of the halogen element include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.
- R 1 —R 3 may be all the same type of substituents, some of which may be different types of substituents.
- examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, and the like, and an alkoxy-substituted alkoxy group such as a methoxyethoxy group, a methoxyethoxyethoxy group, and the like.
- Ethoxy group, methoxyethoxy group and methoxyethoxyethoxy group are preferred. From the viewpoint of low viscosity and high dielectric constant, methoxy group or ethoxy group is particularly preferred.
- examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group.
- acetyl group examples include a formyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isoptyryl group, A valeryl group and the like can be mentioned, and examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the hydrogen element in these monovalent substituents is preferably substituted with a halogen element.
- halogen element fluorine, chlorine and bromine are preferred, and fluorine is most preferred, followed by chlorine. preferable.
- Divalent linking groups containing sulfur and Z or selenium are preferred. Is particularly preferred. Also, Upsilon 2 and Upsilon 3 is oxygen, sulfur, bivalent element selenium, or a single bond. ⁇ 1 — ⁇ 3 may be all the same type or some may be different types.
- X 1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and sulfur from the viewpoint of harmfulness, environment and the like.
- Preferred substituents include. Among these substituents, a substituent having a structure represented by the following formula (111), formula (IV) or formula (V) is more preferable.
- R 5 — R 9 each independently represents a monovalent substituent or a rho or a logen element; Y 5 — Y 9 each independently represent Z represents a divalent linking group, a divalent element or a single bond; Z represents a divalent group or a divalent element.
- R 5 —R 9 are the same as those described for R 1 —R 3 in the formula (I). Any of the valent substituents and halogen elements are preferred. These may be of the same type within the same substituent, or may be of different types. R 5 and R 6 in the formula (III) and R 8 and R 9 in the formula (V) may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- Z is, for example, CH, CHR (R is an alkyl group, alkoxy
- a phenyl group and a phenyl group are identically and a phenyl group.
- Sulfur and selenium powers Group power
- a divalent group containing at least one selected element is preferable.
- a divalent group containing an element of sulfur and / or selenium is preferable because the risk of ignition and ignition of the electrolyte is reduced.
- Z may be a divalent element such as oxygen, sulfur, and selenium.
- a phosphorus-containing substituent represented by the formula (III) is particularly preferable in that the risk of ignition and ignition can be reduced particularly effectively. Further, when the substituent is a substituent containing sulfur as represented by the formula (IV), it is particularly preferable in terms of small interface resistance of the electrolytic solution.
- R 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- the monovalent substituent include an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group, and the like.
- an alkoxy group is preferable in that the viscosity of the electrolytic solution can be reduced.
- preferred examples of the halogen element include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.
- the alkoxy group includes a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, a propoxy group, a phenoxy group and the like.
- a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group and a phenoxy group are particularly preferable.
- the hydrogen element in these monovalent substituents is preferably substituted with a halogen element.
- Preferred halogen elements include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like. Examples of the group include a trifluoroethoxy group.
- phosphazene conjugates of the above formula ( ⁇ ) the viewpoint of improving the low temperature characteristics of the capacitor by lowering the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, and further improving the deterioration resistance and safety of the electrolytic solution.
- n 3-13.
- the phosphazenic compound represented by the formula (VI) is a low-viscosity liquid at room temperature (25 ° C) and has a freezing point depressing action. For this reason, by adding the phosphazene conjugate of the formula (VI) to the electrolytic solution, it is possible to impart excellent low-temperature properties to the electrolytic solution, and a low viscosity of the electrolytic solution is achieved. It is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor having low internal resistance and high electrical conductivity. For this reason, it is possible to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor exhibiting excellent discharge characteristics over a long period of time even when used under low temperature conditions, particularly in regions and periods when the temperature is low. .
- n is preferably 3-5 because it can impart excellent low-temperature characteristics to the electrolyte and can reduce the viscosity of the electrolyte. 4 is more preferable 3 is particularly preferable.
- the value of n in which case the ignition point at the time of flame contact with a low boiling point can be improved. On the other hand, as the value of n increases, the boiling point increases, so that it can be used stably even at high temperatures. It is also possible to select and use a plurality of phosphazenes as appropriate in order to obtain the desired performance using the above properties.
- n value in the formula (VI) it is possible to prepare an electrolytic solution having more favorable viscosity, solubility suitable for mixing, low-temperature characteristics, and the like.
- These phosphazene conjugates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the viscosity of the phosphazene compound represented by the formula (VI) is not particularly limited as long as it is 20 mPa's or less, but is preferably 10 mPa's or less from the viewpoint of improving conductivity and low-temperature characteristics. The following is more preferred.
- the phosphazene conjugates represented by the following formula (VII) are preferred from the viewpoint of improving the deterioration resistance and safety of the electrolytic solution.
- R 1Q each independently represent a monovalent substituent or fluorine, at least one of all R 1Q is a monovalent substituent containing fluorine or fluorine, and n represents 3-8 However, not all R 1 Q are fluorine.
- the phosphazene compound of the above formula ( ⁇ ) When the phosphazene compound of the above formula ( ⁇ ) is contained, it is possible to impart excellent self-extinguishing property or flame retardancy to the electrolyte to improve the safety of the electrolyte. If at least one of the total R 1Q contains a phosphazene conjugate which is a monovalent substituent containing fluorine, it is possible to impart more excellent safety to the electrolytic solution. Further, when a phosphazene compound represented by the formula (VII) and at least one of all R 1Q is fluorine is contained, more excellent safety can be provided.
- Examples of the monovalent substituent in the formula (VII) include an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group and a carboxyl group, which are particularly excellent in improving the safety of the electrolytic solution.
- an alkoxy group is preferred.
- examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an i-propoxy group, a butoxy group, and an alkoxy-substituted alkoxy group such as a methoxyethoxy group.
- a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an n-propoxy group are particularly preferable in that they are excellent in improving the properties. Further, a methoxy group is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of the electrolytic solution.
- n is preferably 3-5, more preferably 3-4, from the viewpoint that excellent safety can be imparted to the electrolytic solution.
- the monovalent substituent is preferably substituted with fluorine.
- R 1Q in the formula (VII) is not fluorine, at least one monovalent substituent contains fluorine.
- the content of fluorine in the phosphazene compound of the formula (VII) is preferably 3 to 70% by mass, more preferably 7 to 45% by mass. If the fluorine content is as low as 70% by mass, “excellent safety” can be particularly suitably imparted to the electrolyte.
- the phosphazene conjugate of the formula (VII) may contain a halogen element such as chlorine or bromine in addition to the above-mentioned fluorine.
- a halogen element such as chlorine or bromine
- fluorine is most preferred, followed by chlorine.
- Fluorine Those that contain chlorine tend to have a greater effect of improving the cycle characteristics of the capacitor than those that contain chlorine.
- the viscosity of the phosphazene compound of the formula (VII) is not particularly limited as long as it is 20 mPa's or less, but is preferably 10 mPa's or less from the viewpoint of improving conductivity and low-temperature characteristics.
- phosphazene conjugates of the above formula (II) from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in the viscosity of the electrolytic solution and improving the deterioration resistance and safety of the electrolytic solution, at 25 ° C (room temperature). Also preferred are phosphazene conjugates which are solid and represented by the following formula (VIII).
- the phosphazene conjugate represented by the formula (VIII) is solid at room temperature, if added to the electrolytic solution, it dissolves in the electrolytic solution and increases the viscosity of the electrolytic solution.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor having a low internal resistance and a high!
- the phosphazene conjugate of the formula (vm) dissolves in the electrolyte, the electrolyte has excellent long-term stability.
- R 11 is not particularly limited as long as it is a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- the monovalent substituent preferably includes an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group and the like
- the halogen element preferably includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- an alkoxy group is particularly preferred in that the increase in the viscosity of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed.
- the alkoxy group is preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, a propoxy group (i-propoxy group, n-propoxy group), a phenoxy group, or a trifluoroethoxy group, which suppresses an increase in the viscosity of the electrolyte.
- a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group (i-propoxy group, n-propoxy group), a phenoxy group, a trifluoroethoxy group, and the like are more preferable.
- the monovalent substituent is a halogen element as described above. It is preferred to include
- n is particularly preferably 3 or 4 from the viewpoint that the increase in the viscosity of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed.
- the phosphazene compound of the formula (VIII) includes, in the formula (VIII), a structure in which R 11 is a methoxy group and n is S3, and in the formula (VIII), R 11 is a methoxy group.
- structure is n force comprising at least one group and phenoxy group, structure Contact! / the formula (VIII), R 11 Te is n force an ethoxy group, R 11 in formula (VIII) is a Topuropokishi group n is 3 or 4 structure, structural formula (VIII) to your!, R 11 Te is an a to n forces n- propoxy group, Te Contact!
- R 11 is an triflic Oroetokishi group and n is 3 or 4
- R 11 in formula (VIII) is a structure which is a by n is 3 or 4 a phenoxy group, capable of suppressing the increase in viscosity of the electrolyte Particularly preferred in that respect.
- the isomer of the phosphazenic compound include a compound represented by the following formula (IX).
- the compound of the formula (IX) is an isomer of the phosphazene conjugate represented by the following formula (X).
- R 12 , R 13 and R ′′ each independently represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element
- X 2 represents carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, represents bismuth, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, a substituent containing at least one elemental selected from tellurium and the group becomes polonium force
- Y 12 and Y 13 are each independently Divalent linking group, Represents a divalent element or a single bond.
- R 12, R 13 and R "in formula (IX), particularly limited as long as it is a monovalent substituent or a halogen element is R 1 in formula (I) as defined above which Nag In the formula (IX), the divalent linking group or divalent element represented by Y 12 and Y 13 is preferably a monovalent substituent and a halogen element. Suitable examples include the same divalent linking group or divalent element as described for Y 1 to Y 3 in formula (I), and further, in formula (IX), X 2 As the substituent represented, any of the same substituents as described for X 1 in the formula (I) can be suitably mentioned.
- the isomer of the phosphazene conjugate represented by the formula (IX) and the formula (X) can cause the electrolyte to exhibit extremely excellent low-temperature properties when added to the electrolyte. In addition, the deterioration resistance and safety of the electrolytic solution can be improved.
- the isomer represented by the formula (IX) is an isomer of the phosphazenic compound represented by the formula (X).
- the isomer represented by the formula (X) It can be manufactured by adjusting the degree of vacuum and Z or temperature at the time of generation.
- the content of the isomer of the phosphazene compound (body volume 0/0) can be measured by gel permeation chromatography chromatography (GPC) or high performance liquid chromatography I over (HPLC).
- phosphoric acid ester examples include alkyl phosphates such as triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, tris (fluoroethyl) phosphate, tris (trifluorophenol neopentyl) phosphate, alkoxy phosphate, and derivatives thereof. I can do it.
- the content of the compound containing phosphorus, Z or nitrogen in the molecule is preferably 3% by volume or more from the viewpoint of improving the safety of the electrolytic solution. Preferred is more preferably 5% by volume or more.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor of the present invention includes the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and if necessary, a technical field of an electric double layer capacitor such as a separator. And other members commonly used in.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor of the present invention are not particularly limited, but usually a porous carbon-based polarizable electrode is preferable.
- the electrode is preferably an electrode having a large specific surface area and a large specific gravity, being electrochemically inert, and having characteristics such as low resistance.
- activated carbon and the like are mentioned as the porous carbon.
- the electrode generally contains porous carbon such as activated carbon and, if necessary, other components such as a conductive agent and a binder.
- the raw material of activated carbon that can be suitably used for the electrode is not particularly limited.
- various heat-resistant resins, pitch, and the like are preferably mentioned.
- the heat resistant resin for example, polyimide, polyamide, polyamide imide, polyether imide, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, bismaleimide triazine, aramide, fluorine resin, polyphenylene, polyphenylene sulfide and the like are preferably mentioned.
- Can be These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the form of the activated carbon is preferably in the form of powder, fiber cloth, or the like from the viewpoint of increasing the specific surface area and increasing the charge capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor. Further, these activated carbons may be subjected to treatments such as heat treatment, stretch forming, vacuum high temperature treatment, and rolling in order to further increase the charge capacity of the electric double layer capacitor.
- the conductive agent used for the electrode is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include graphite and acetylene black.
- the binder used for the electrode is not particularly limited, but includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene'butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC ) And the like.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor of the present invention preferably includes a separator, a current collector, a container, and the like in addition to the above-described electrodes (a positive electrode and a negative electrode) and a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- Known members used for the double-layer capacitor can be provided.
- the separator is interposed between the positive and negative electrodes for the purpose of preventing short circuit of the non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor and the like.
- the separator there is no particular limitation, and a known separator usually used as a separator of a nonaqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor is preferably used.
- the material of the separator include a microporous film, a nonwoven fabric, and paper.
- a nonwoven fabric, a thin film, and the like made of a synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene are preferably used.
- a polypropylene or polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of about 20 to 50 ⁇ m is particularly preferable.
- the above-mentioned current collector a known one which is usually used as a current collector of a nonaqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor without any particular limitation is suitably used.
- the current collector those having excellent electrochemical corrosion resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, workability, mechanical strength and low cost are preferable.
- current collectors of aluminum, stainless steel, conductive resin, etc. A body layer is preferred.
- the above-mentioned container a well-known container which is usually used as a container of a nonaqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor without any particular limitation is preferably exemplified.
- the material of the container for example, aluminum, stainless steel, conductive resin and the like are suitable.
- non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor of the present invention known forms such as a cylinder type (cylindrical type and square type) and a flat type (coin type), which are not particularly limited, are preferably mentioned.
- Can be These non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitors are used, for example, as main power supply or auxiliary power supply for electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, for memory backup of various electronic devices, industrial devices, aviation devices, etc., toys, It is suitably used as an electromagnetic hold device for cordless devices, gas devices, instantaneous water heater devices, etc., and a power source for watches such as watches, wall clocks, solar clocks, and AGS watches.
- Sufazen compounds viscosity at 25 ° C: 3.9mPa's, boiling 230 ° C] is also mixed-solution prepared comprising 10 volume 0/0 force, the mixed solution tetraethyl ammonium - ⁇ beam tetrafluoropropoxy O Robo rate [TE ATFB, ( CH) N-BF] (supporting salt) at a concentration of lmol / L (M) to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- TE ATFB, ( CH) N-BF supporting salt
- the case where the test flame does not ignite the test piece is “non-flammable”, and the case where the ignited flame does not reach the 25 mm line and the ignition of the falling object is not recognized is “difficult”.
- activated carbon [AC, trade name: Kuractive-1500, manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.], acetylene black (conductive agent), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (binder) were added at a mass ratio ( Activated charcoal: acetylene black: PVDF) was mixed at a ratio of 8: 1: 1 to obtain a mixture. 100 mg of the resulting mixture was collected, placed in a 20 mm ⁇ pressure-resistant carbon container, and compacted under a pressure of 150 kgf / cm 2 at room temperature to produce a positive electrode and a negative electrode (electrode).
- AC trade name: Kuractive-1500, manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a cell is assembled using the electrodes (positive electrode and negative electrode), an aluminum metal plate (current collector) (thickness: 0.5 mm), and a polypropylene Z polyethylene plate (separator) (thickness: 25 ⁇ m). And dried sufficiently by vacuum drying. The cell was impregnated with the above non-aqueous electrolyte to produce a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor. A heating test was performed on the obtained electric double layer capacitor by the following method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a fully charged electric double layer capacitor was placed in an oven, heated to 160 ° C at a rate of 5 ⁇ 2 ° C / min, kept at 160 ° C for 60 minutes, and observed to see if the capacitor could ignite. .
- a mixed solution having the formulation shown in Table 1 was prepared, and tetraethylammonium-dimethyltetrafluoroborate [TEATFB, (C H) N-BF] (supporting salt) was dissolved in the mixed solution at a concentration of lmol / L (M).
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared.
- the safety of the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte electric double layer capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the non-aqueous electrolyte, and a heating test was performed on the capacitor.
- Table 1 shows the results.
- GBL indicates ⁇ -butyrolataton (boiling point: 204 ° C)
- AN indicates acetonitrile (boiling point: 82 ° C).
- the additive B is a cyclic phosphazene compound having an n-force in the formula (II) in which two of the eight R 4 are an ethoxy group (CH 2 CH 2 O—) and six are fluorine (at 25 ° C).
- Viscosity 1.2 mPa's, boiling point 244 ° C.
- additive C is represented by the formula (II) wherein n is 3 and two of the six R 4 are ethoxy groups (CH 2 CH 2 O—); Cyclic phosphases with one fluorine
- Additive D is represented by the formula (II), wherein n is 3 and one of the six R 4 is a phenoxy group.
- the boiling point of the non-aqueous organic solvent is close to that of the aprotic organic solvent, and the safety of the non-aqueous electrolyte of the example to which the phosphacene compound is added is high. It was confirmed that the multilayer capacitor did not ignite in the heating test and was highly safe even in an emergency.
- the ratio using a flammable non-aqueous electrolyte not containing phosphorus, Z or a nitrogen-containing compound The electric double layer capacitors of Comparative Examples 2, 4 and 6 ignited in the heating test.
- the capacitor of Comparative Example 1 using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a phosphazene compound, which has a boiling point close to that of PC, does not contain phosphorus, Z or a nitrogen-containing conjugate, and has a boiling point close to that of PC, and has a boiling point of GBL
- the capacitor of Comparative Example 5 using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a phosphazene compound containing a phosphazene compound having a boiling point close to that of an AN without containing a nitrogen-containing compound had high safety in the electrolyte and fired in a heating test.
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- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
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JP2003432496A JP2005191369A (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | 電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液及び非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ |
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FR3070532A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-03-01 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Composition electrolytique comprenant un additif de la famille des phosphazenes utilisables pour des supercondensateurs |
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JPH0613108A (ja) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-01-21 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2000173619A (ja) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-06-23 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウムイオン電池 |
JP2001335590A (ja) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-04 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd | スルホニル基含有ホスファゼン誘導体及びその製造方法 |
WO2002021630A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour batterie secondaire à électrolyte non aqueux |
WO2002021629A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour electrolyte liquide non aqueux, cellule secondaire d'electrolyte liquide non aqueux et condensateur electrique d'electrolyte liquide non aqueux a double couche |
WO2002021628A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour electrolyte liquide non aqueux, element secondaire a electrolyte liquide non aqueux et condensateur a double couche electrique et a electrolyte liquide non aqueux |
US6452782B1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2002-09-17 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor, deterioration inhibitor for non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor and additive for non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor |
WO2002082575A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-17 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour pile et condensateur electrique double couche |
US6469888B1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2002-10-22 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor |
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2003
- 2003-12-26 JP JP2003432496A patent/JP2005191369A/ja active Pending
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- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/JP2004/019207 patent/WO2005064627A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPH0613108A (ja) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-01-21 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2000173619A (ja) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-06-23 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウムイオン電池 |
US6452782B1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2002-09-17 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor, deterioration inhibitor for non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor and additive for non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor |
US6469888B1 (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2002-10-22 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor |
JP2001335590A (ja) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-04 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd | スルホニル基含有ホスファゼン誘導体及びその製造方法 |
WO2002021630A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour batterie secondaire à électrolyte non aqueux |
WO2002021629A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour electrolyte liquide non aqueux, cellule secondaire d'electrolyte liquide non aqueux et condensateur electrique d'electrolyte liquide non aqueux a double couche |
WO2002021628A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour electrolyte liquide non aqueux, element secondaire a electrolyte liquide non aqueux et condensateur a double couche electrique et a electrolyte liquide non aqueux |
WO2002082575A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-17 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour pile et condensateur electrique double couche |
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FR3070532A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-03-01 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Composition electrolytique comprenant un additif de la famille des phosphazenes utilisables pour des supercondensateurs |
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