JP4511328B2 - 電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ - Google Patents
電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP4511328B2 JP4511328B2 JP2004353962A JP2004353962A JP4511328B2 JP 4511328 B2 JP4511328 B2 JP 4511328B2 JP 2004353962 A JP2004353962 A JP 2004353962A JP 2004353962 A JP2004353962 A JP 2004353962A JP 4511328 B2 JP4511328 B2 JP 4511328B2
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- double layer
- electric double
- aqueous electrolyte
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 75
- -1 phosphine oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 235000019000 fluorine Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)C=C1 XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXSIQKMFCCUZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(fluoro)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(F)(=O)OCC WXSIQKMFCCUZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNDDYKSDJBKASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-difluorophosphoryloxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(F)(F)=O CNDDYKSDJBKASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XCTATYNREGBPBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [fluoro(methoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethane Chemical compound COP(F)(=O)OC XCTATYNREGBPBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HFNQLYDPNAZRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O HFNQLYDPNAZRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- SHUNMBRGCMDSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk0h9834 Chemical compound NP(N)(F)=O SHUNMBRGCMDSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1a3526 Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWHITLLOESPYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoro-hydroxy-imino-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound NP(F)(F)=O AWHITLLOESPYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLTVJTLCEBCPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluorophosphoryloxymethane Chemical compound COP(F)(F)=O ZLTVJTLCEBCPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- FFUQCRZBKUBHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl fluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)=O FFUQCRZBKUBHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
O=PR1 3 ・・・ (I)
(式中、R1は、それぞれ独立して一価の置換基又はハロゲン元素であり、少なくとも一つのR1はフッ素又はアミノ基である)で表される。ここで、式(I)中のR1が、それぞれ独立してフッ素、アミノ基、アルキル基及びアルコキシ基からなる群から選択され、且つ少なくとも一つのR1がフッ素又はアミノ基であるのが更に好ましい。また、式(I)中のR1の少なくとも一つがフッ素で、且つ式(I)中のR1の少なくとも一つがアミノ基であるホスフィンオキサイド化合物、並びに、式(I)中のR1の総てが、フッ素又はアミノ基であるホスフィンオキサイド化合物が特に好ましい。
次に、本発明の非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタを詳細に説明する。本発明の非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタは、上述の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液と、正極と、負極とを備え、必要に応じて、セパレーター等の電気二重層キャパシタの技術分野で通常使用されている他の部材を備える。
プロピレンカーボネート(PC)90体積%及び下記式(II):
(NPR2 2)3 ・・・ (II)
で表され、6つのR2中、1つがエトキシ基で、5つがフッ素の環状ホスファゼン化合物A[25℃における粘度:1.2mPa・s]10体積%からなる混合溶液に、テトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート[Et4N・BF4](支持塩)を1mol/L(M)になるように溶解させ、非水電解液Aを調製した。
JIS K 7201に準じて、電解液の限界酸素指数を測定した。限界酸素指数が大きい程、電解液が燃焼し難いことを示す。具体的には、SiO2シート(石英濾紙、不燃性)127mm×12.7mmをU字型のアルミ箔で補強して自立可能とし、該SiO2シートに前記電解液1.0mLを含浸して試験片を作製した。該試験片を試験片支持具に垂直に、燃焼円筒(内径75mm、高さ450mm、直径4mmのガラス粒を底部から100±5mmの厚さに均等に満たし金属製の網をその上に置いたもの)の上端部から100mm以上の距離に位置するように取り付け、次に、燃焼円筒に酸素(JIS K 1101又はこれと同等以上のもの)及び窒素(JIS K 1107の2級又はこれと同等以上のもの)を流し、試験片を所定の条件下で点火し(熱源はJIS K 2240の1種1号)、燃焼状態を調べた。但し、燃焼円筒内の総流量は11.4L/minである。この試験を3回行い、その平均値を表2に示す。なお、酸素指数とは、材料が燃焼を持続するのに必要な容量パーセントで表される最低酸素濃度の値をいい、本願では、試験片が3分以上継続して燃焼するか、着炎後の燃焼長さが50mm以上燃えるのに必要な最低の酸素流量とそのときの窒素流量から、下記の式:
限界酸素指数=(酸素流量)/[(酸素流量)+(窒素流量)]×100(体積%)
に従って限界酸素指数を算出した。
次に、上記熱分解生成物又は環状ホスファゼン化合物A 10体積%と、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)90体積%とを混合し、更に、テトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート[Et4N・BF4](支持塩)を1mol/Lになるように溶解させて非水電解液を調製した。得られた非水電解液の限界酸素指数を上記の方法で測定し、表2に示す結果を得た。
得られた非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタについて、20℃において初期及び1000サイクル充電・放電後の放電容量を測定して、初期における放電容量と1000サイクル後の放電容量とから、下記の式:
容量維持率S=1000サイクル後の放電容量/初期放電容量×100(%)
に従って容量維持率Sを算出し、キャパシタのサイクル特性の指標とした。
得られた非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタについて、20℃、-20℃のそれぞれの環境下で1000サイクル充電・放電後の放電容量を測定した。20℃における1000サイクル後の放電容量と、-20℃における1000サイクル後の放電容量とから、下記の式:
容量維持率L=放電容量(-20℃)/放電容量(20℃)×100(%)
に従って容量維持率Lを算出し、キャパシタの低温特性の指標とした。
Claims (10)
- 分子中にP−F結合及び/又はP−NH2結合を有するホスフィンオキサイド化合物と、支持塩とを含むことを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 前記ホスフィンオキサイド化合物の含有率が3体積%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 前記ホスフィンオキサイド化合物の含有率が5体積%以上であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 前記ホスフィンオキサイド化合物が下記式(I):
O=PR1 3 ・・・ (I)
(式中、R1は、それぞれ独立して一価の置換基又はハロゲン元素であり、少なくとも一つのR1はフッ素又はアミノ基である)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。 - 前記式(I)中のR1が、それぞれ独立してフッ素、アミノ基、アルキル基及びアルコキシ基からなる群から選択され、且つ少なくとも一つのR1がフッ素又はアミノ基であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 前記式(I)中のR1の少なくとも一つがフッ素で、且つ式(I)中のR1の少なくとも一つがアミノ基であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 前記式(I)中のR1が、それぞれ独立してフッ素又はアミノ基であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 更に非プロトン性有機溶媒を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 前記非プロトン性有機溶媒が、ニトリル化合物、環状若しくは鎖状のエステル化合物又は鎖状のエーテル化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用非水電解液と、正極と、負極とを備えた非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ。
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Citations (6)
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JPH0613108A (ja) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-01-21 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2000026717A (ja) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-01-25 | Basf Ag | ハロゲン非含有の難燃性熱可塑性成形組成物、その使用法、これから得られる成形体、およびその製造法 |
JP2001217152A (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-08-10 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ用添加剤 |
WO2002082575A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-17 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour pile et condensateur electrique double couche |
JP2003342354A (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-03 | Hokko Chem Ind Co Ltd | 新規なボレート化合物およびエポキシ樹脂硬化促進剤 |
JP2004067968A (ja) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-04 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | 樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび積層板 |
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Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0613108A (ja) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-01-21 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2000026717A (ja) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-01-25 | Basf Ag | ハロゲン非含有の難燃性熱可塑性成形組成物、その使用法、これから得られる成形体、およびその製造法 |
JP2001217152A (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-08-10 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解液電気二重層キャパシタ用添加剤 |
WO2002082575A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-17 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour pile et condensateur electrique double couche |
JP2003342354A (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-03 | Hokko Chem Ind Co Ltd | 新規なボレート化合物およびエポキシ樹脂硬化促進剤 |
JP2004067968A (ja) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-04 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | 樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび積層板 |
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