WO2000012868A1 - Turbinenschaufel - Google Patents
Turbinenschaufel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000012868A1 WO2000012868A1 PCT/DE1999/002596 DE9902596W WO0012868A1 WO 2000012868 A1 WO2000012868 A1 WO 2000012868A1 DE 9902596 W DE9902596 W DE 9902596W WO 0012868 A1 WO0012868 A1 WO 0012868A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- turbine blade
- cooling fluid
- blade according
- cow
- cooling
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
- F01D5/187—Convection cooling
- F01D5/188—Convection cooling with an insert in the blade cavity to guide the cooling fluid, e.g. forming a separation wall
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbine blade, in particular a gas turbine blade, with an outer wall surrounding an interior, through which interior cooling fluid can be passed.
- a guide vane of a gas turbine with a guide of cooling air for cooling it is described in US Pat. No. 5,419,039.
- the guide vane is designed as a casting or composed of two castings. It has a supply of cow air from the compressor of the associated gas turbine system. In their wall structure exposed to the hot gas flow of the gas turbine and enclosing the cooling air supply, cast-in cooling pockets open on one side are provided.
- the object of the invention is to provide a turbine blade with an internal cooling structure.
- this object is achieved by a turbine blade with an outer wall surrounding an interior for guiding a cooling fluid, the outer wall in the interior being supported by a support rib with a side surface, and a thermally insulating cow dam shield being arranged at least in front of part of the side surface that the side surface can be shielded from the cooling fluid at least in part by the Kuhldammschild.
- a support rib or a plurality of support ribs are arranged in the interior of the gas turbine blade. On the one hand, these serve to stiffen and support the outer wall and, on the other hand, can be provided to form two or more partial spaces of the interior.
- the cooling fluid is distributed over the length of the turbine blade from a foot area through the partial spaces led through to a head area and exits there. This corresponds to an open cooling fluid guide.
- the cooling fluid not only cools the outer wall, but also the support rib or the support ribs.
- the support rib In the transition area to the outer wall, the support rib is very hot when the turbines are loaded with hot gas.
- the support rib on its side surface or on its side surfaces is cooled very intensively by the cooling fluid flowing past. Temperature gradients thus occur within the support rib, which can lead to large thermal stresses, in particular in the transition area between the support rib and the outer wall. Such thermal stresses can lead to material fatigue and a shortened lifespan of the turbine blade.
- the invention provides a
- the thermally insulating cow dam shield shields the side surfaces of the support rib or at least part of it from direct contact with the cooling fluid.
- the heat transfer between the cooling fluid and the support fin is thus significantly reduced. This means that the support rib is no longer cooled as intensively and the temperature gradient within the support rib is reduced. This also reduces the thermal stresses occurring within the turbine blade.
- the Kuhldammschild is preferably a coating of the side surface.
- This coating is expediently made of a thermally well insulating material.
- the Kuhdamammschild is preferably spaced from the side surface by a gap with a gap width. In such a Because of the high flow resistance, the cooling fluid flows much slower than in the interior. This reduces the convective cooling of the side surface. It can also be expedient to completely seal the gap against the entry of cooling fluid.
- Openings for an inlet or outlet of cooling fluid, the gap are preferably provided in the Kuhldammschild. With the help of such openings, a controlled flow of cooling fluid in the gap can be set. Depending on the size of this flow, there is a higher or lower heat transfer between the support rib and the cooling fluid. A value for the heat transfer can thus be set in a simple manner, in which the support rib is cooled sufficiently, but in any case not so strongly that thermal stresses become too great.
- a spacer for adjusting the gap width is preferably arranged between the cow dam shield and the side surface. The spacer is further preferably part of the cow dam shield. The spacer is preferably formed by a bulge in the cow dam shield.
- Such a spacer can also be an independent component arranged between the cow dam shield and the side surface.
- the spacer can also be part of the support rib on the side surface.
- a bulge is provided in the cow dam shield, with which the cow dam shield rests on the side surface.
- the Kuhldammschild is preferably a sheet metal.
- the Kuhldammschild is preferably held on the outer wall by means of a projection of the outer wall.
- the protrusion in the turbulator for generating a turbulent flow in the cooling fluid is further preferred.
- On the side of the outer wall facing the inner space z.
- rib-like turbulators can be provided which serve to generate a turbulent flow in the cooling fluid.
- the cooling insulation shield can be easily clamped between the support rib and one or more such turbulators.
- the side of the outer wall facing the interior can, however, also be a specially made for holding the cooling insulation shield, for. B. molded, contain projection, which serves to hold the cooling insulation shield.
- the turbine blade has a cooling fluid supply area, via which the cooling fluid is supplied to the turbine blade.
- the cooling insulation shield is preferably soldered or welded on in the cooling fluid supply area. By fastening the cooling insulation shield in the cooling fluid supply area, in particular by means of soldering or welding, this can be done
- Cooling insulation shield can be fixed in a simple manner without additional thermal stresses occurring, since the location of the fixing, that is to say the cooling fluid supply area, is subject to low thermal stress.
- the turbine blade is preferably a gas turbine blade, in particular for a stationary gas turbine.
- Gas turbine blades are exposed to particularly high temperatures by a working medium flowing around them, a hot gas.
- higher gas inlet temperatures are sought for the hot gas entering the turbine.
- These higher gas inlet temperatures require ever better and more efficient cooling of the gas turbine blades. The problem that thermal stresses in the region of the supporting rib are inadmissibly high thus arises
- a double-walled outer wall 3 with a suction side 4 and a pressure side 6 encloses an interior space 5.
- three support ribs 7 are arranged.
- Support rib 7 connects the suction side 4 of the outer wall 3 with the pressure side 6.
- the gas turbine blade 1 is, for. B. poured in one piece.
- Each support rib 7 has two side surfaces 9 directed towards the interior 5.
- a cow dam shield 11 is arranged in front of both side surfaces 9 of one of the support ribs 7. In the example shown, this is implemented as a coating or covering made of a thermally insulating material.
- a hot gas flows around the outside of the outer wall 3.
- a cooling fluid 12 which flows through the interior 5 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- the interior space 5 is divided by the support ribs 7 m into four sub-spaces 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d.
- the cooling fluid 12 successively penetrates these subspaces 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d. It also cools each support rib 7. Since the support rib 7 is connected to the outer wall 3, it heats up. Very high temperatures occur in particular in a transition region 7a to the outer wall 3.
- each support rib 7 is efficiently cooled by the cooling fluid 5, primarily via a convection Tive heat exchange via the side surfaces 9. Due to a high temperature gradient between the relatively cool rare walls 9 and the hot transition areas 7a to the outer wall 3, large thermal stresses occur in the support rib 7.
- the cow dam shield 11 serves to reduce these thermal stresses. The heat transfer between the support rib 7 and the cooling fluid 5 is reduced by the cow dam shield 11. The side walls 9 are thus no longer cooled as much and the temperature gradient to the hot outer wall 3 decreases.
- FIG. 2 shows a section of a cross section through a gas turbine blade.
- a support rib 7 corresponding to the embodiment in FIG. 1 is shown.
- a cow dam sign 11 is arranged in front of one of the side walls 9, a cow dam sign 11 is arranged. This is designed as a sheet. Bulges are provided in the sheet, which serve as spacers 17. The spacers 17 form a gap 18 with a defined gap width d between the cow dam shield 11 and the support rib 7. The gap width is preferably between 0.2 mm and 3 mm.
- the Kuhldammschild 11 is held on the side facing the interior 5 of the pressure side 6 of the outer wall 3 by a rib-like turbulator 15. On the side of the suction side 4 of the outer wall 3 facing the interior 5, a projection 13 with m the outer wall 3 is cast in, which also serves to hold the cow dam shield 11.
- the cooling fluid 12 flows only slightly in the gap 18. As a result, the convective cooling of the side wall 9 is considerably reduced. This in turn leads to a reduced temperature gradient within the support rib 7 and thus to reduced thermal stresses.
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of the detail from FIG. 2.
- the cooling fluid 12 flows through a cooling fluid supply area 19 m to the interior 5 em.
- the Kuhldammschild 11 is in the cooling fluid supply area 19 at a welding point 21 welded to the support rib 7.
- the cooling fluid 12 m enters the gap 18 em at an opening 23A.
- the cooling fluid 12 emerges from the gap 18 at an opening 23B.
- the cooling fluid flow in the gap 18 can be adjusted in such a way that there is sufficient cooling of the support rib 7, but at the same time the cooling remains so low that there are no impermissibly high thermal stresses m in the turbine blade 1 occur.
- the gas turbine blade 1 has a root region 30, an airfoil 31 and a head region 32 along a blade axis 29.
- an interior space 5 which is subdivided by supporting ribs 7 with side flats 9 m along the blade axis 29, partial spaces 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e.
- a cow dam sign 11 is arranged in front of one of the side walls 9 of one of the support ribs.
- cow dam shields 11 are arranged in front of all rare walls 9 of all support ribs.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99952439A EP1112439B1 (de) | 1998-08-31 | 1999-08-18 | Turbinenschaufel |
DE59905944T DE59905944D1 (de) | 1998-08-31 | 1999-08-18 | Turbinenschaufel |
JP2000567826A JP4315599B2 (ja) | 1998-08-31 | 1999-08-18 | タービン翼 |
US09/796,309 US6533547B2 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2001-02-28 | Turbine blade |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19839624 | 1998-08-31 | ||
DE19839624.4 | 1998-08-31 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/796,309 Continuation US6533547B2 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2001-02-28 | Turbine blade |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000012868A1 true WO2000012868A1 (de) | 2000-03-09 |
Family
ID=7879308
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1999/002596 WO2000012868A1 (de) | 1998-08-31 | 1999-08-18 | Turbinenschaufel |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6533547B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1112439B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4315599B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59905944D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000012868A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004501311A (ja) * | 2000-06-21 | 2004-01-15 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 冷却材貫流形タービン翼 |
EP1895102A1 (de) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Beschichtete Turbinenschaufel |
EP2828484B1 (de) | 2012-03-22 | 2019-05-08 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Turbinenschaufel |
EP3514332A1 (de) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Zweiwandiger prallhohlraum für gasturbinenmotorkomponenten |
FR3096074A1 (fr) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-20 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Aube de turbomachine à bord de fuite ayant un refroidissement amélioré |
EP3822453A1 (de) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-19 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Schaufelblatt mit einer rippe mit wärmeleitungselement |
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EP1099825A1 (de) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbinenschaufel und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Turbinenschaufel |
FR2858352B1 (fr) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-01-20 | Snecma Moteurs | Circuit de refroidissement pour aube de turbine |
US7216694B2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2007-05-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Apparatus and method for reducing operating stress in a turbine blade and the like |
US7018176B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2006-03-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooled turbine airfoil |
US7118326B2 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-10-10 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Cooled gas turbine vane |
US7534089B2 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2009-05-19 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with near wall multi-serpentine cooling channels |
US7780413B2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2010-08-24 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with near wall inflow chambers |
US7520725B1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-04-21 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with near-wall leading edge multi-holes cooling |
US7625179B2 (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2009-12-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil thermal management with microcircuit cooling |
US8197184B2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2012-06-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Vane with enhanced heat transfer |
US7625180B1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2009-12-01 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Turbine blade with near-wall multi-metering and diffusion cooling circuit |
US7556476B1 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2009-07-07 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with multiple near wall compartment cooling |
US7704048B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2010-04-27 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with controlled area cooling arrangement |
US7753650B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2010-07-13 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Thin turbine rotor blade with sinusoidal flow cooling channels |
US7871246B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2011-01-18 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Airfoil for a gas turbine |
US7857589B1 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2010-12-28 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with near-wall cooling |
DE102007054782A1 (de) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-20 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Induktionsspule, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur induktiven Erwärmung von metallischen Bauelementen |
US8042268B2 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2011-10-25 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Method of producing a turbine component with multiple interconnected layers of cooling channels |
US20090324841A1 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-12-31 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Method of restoring near-wall cooled turbine components |
US8167558B2 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2012-05-01 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Modular serpentine cooling systems for turbine engine components |
US8007242B1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2011-08-30 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | High temperature turbine rotor blade |
US8052391B1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2011-11-08 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | High temperature turbine rotor blade |
US8070450B1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2011-12-06 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | High temperature turbine rotor blade |
US8079821B2 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2011-12-20 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with dual wall formed from inner and outer layers separated by a compliant structure |
US8147196B2 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-04-03 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Turbine airfoil with a compliant outer wall |
US8894367B2 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2014-11-25 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Compound cooling flow turbulator for turbine component |
US20110146075A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | Brian Thomas Hazel | Methods for making a turbine blade |
US8506242B2 (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2013-08-13 | Brayton Energy Canada, Inc. | Method of making a heat exchange component using wire mesh screens |
US9011077B2 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2015-04-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Cooled airfoil in a turbine engine |
US20130280081A1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-10-24 | Mark F. Zelesky | Gas turbine engine airfoil geometries and cores for manufacturing process |
US9115590B2 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-08-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine airfoil cooling circuit |
US10240460B2 (en) | 2013-02-23 | 2019-03-26 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. | Insulating coating to permit higher operating temperatures |
FR3021697B1 (fr) * | 2014-05-28 | 2021-09-17 | Snecma | Aube de turbine a refroidissement optimise |
US10012090B2 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2018-07-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil cooling apparatus |
US10156157B2 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2018-12-18 | United Technologies Corporation | S-shaped trip strips in internally cooled components |
WO2017082868A1 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Laminated airfoil for a gas turbine |
PL232314B1 (pl) | 2016-05-06 | 2019-06-28 | Gen Electric | Maszyna przepływowa zawierająca system regulacji luzu |
US10309246B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2019-06-04 | General Electric Company | Passive clearance control system for gas turbomachine |
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US10605093B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2020-03-31 | General Electric Company | Heat transfer device and related turbine airfoil |
US10422229B2 (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2019-09-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil cooling |
US10487672B2 (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-11-26 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Airfoil for a gas turbine engine having insulating materials |
US11333022B2 (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2022-05-17 | General Electric Company | Airfoil with thermally conductive pins |
CN111677557B (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-10-26 | 清华大学 | 涡轮导向叶片及具有其的涡轮机械 |
CN112160796B (zh) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-09-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 燃气轮机发动机的涡轮叶片及其控制方法 |
Citations (2)
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US4519745A (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1985-05-28 | Rockwell International Corporation | Rotor blade and stator vane using ceramic shell |
EP0844368A2 (de) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-05-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Teilbeschichtung von Gasturbinenschaufeln zur Erhöhung der Dauerfestigkeit |
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FR999820A (fr) | 1946-01-11 | 1952-02-05 | Perfectionnements aux turbines à gaz | |
DE3615226A1 (de) | 1986-05-06 | 1987-11-12 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Heissgasueberhitzungsschutzeinrichtung fuer gasturbinentriebwerke |
JP3142850B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-13 | 2001-03-07 | 株式会社東芝 | タービンの冷却翼および複合発電プラント |
US5383766A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1995-01-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooled vane |
US5405242A (en) | 1990-07-09 | 1995-04-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooled vane |
US5203873A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-04-20 | General Electric Company | Turbine blade impingement baffle |
-
1999
- 1999-08-18 EP EP99952439A patent/EP1112439B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-18 JP JP2000567826A patent/JP4315599B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-18 DE DE59905944T patent/DE59905944D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-18 WO PCT/DE1999/002596 patent/WO2000012868A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
2001
- 2001-02-28 US US09/796,309 patent/US6533547B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4519745A (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1985-05-28 | Rockwell International Corporation | Rotor blade and stator vane using ceramic shell |
EP0844368A2 (de) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-05-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Teilbeschichtung von Gasturbinenschaufeln zur Erhöhung der Dauerfestigkeit |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004501311A (ja) * | 2000-06-21 | 2004-01-15 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 冷却材貫流形タービン翼 |
JP4683818B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-21 | 2011-05-18 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 冷却材貫流形タービン翼 |
EP1895102A1 (de) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Beschichtete Turbinenschaufel |
US8075279B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2011-12-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Coated turbine blade |
EP2828484B1 (de) | 2012-03-22 | 2019-05-08 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Turbinenschaufel |
EP2828484B2 (de) † | 2012-03-22 | 2024-10-09 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Turbinenschaufel |
EP3514332A1 (de) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Zweiwandiger prallhohlraum für gasturbinenmotorkomponenten |
FR3096074A1 (fr) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-20 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Aube de turbomachine à bord de fuite ayant un refroidissement amélioré |
US11199100B2 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2021-12-14 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Turbomachine blade with trailing edge having improved cooling |
EP3822453A1 (de) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-19 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Schaufelblatt mit einer rippe mit wärmeleitungselement |
US11773723B2 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2023-10-03 | Rtx Corporation | Airfoil rib with thermal conductance element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6533547B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
EP1112439A1 (de) | 2001-07-04 |
JP2002523675A (ja) | 2002-07-30 |
JP4315599B2 (ja) | 2009-08-19 |
DE59905944D1 (de) | 2003-07-17 |
EP1112439B1 (de) | 2003-06-11 |
US20010018021A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
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