Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

US20040111127A1 - Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders - Google Patents

Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20040111127A1
US20040111127A1 US10/317,002 US31700202A US2004111127A1 US 20040111127 A1 US20040111127 A1 US 20040111127A1 US 31700202 A US31700202 A US 31700202A US 2004111127 A1 US2004111127 A1 US 2004111127A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
neural stimulation
patient
symptoms
subset
neural
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
US10/317,002
Other versions
US7236830B2 (en
Inventor
Bradford Gliner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Advanced Neuromodulation Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/317,002 priority Critical patent/US7236830B2/en
Assigned to VERTIS NEUROSCIENCE, INC. reassignment VERTIS NEUROSCIENCE, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GLINER, BRADFORD EVAN
Assigned to NORTHSTAR NEUROSCIENCE, INC. reassignment NORTHSTAR NEUROSCIENCE, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VERTIS NEUROSCIENCE, INC.
Priority to PCT/US2003/039596 priority patent/WO2004052183A2/en
Priority to CA002508827A priority patent/CA2508827A1/en
Priority to AU2003293541A priority patent/AU2003293541B2/en
Priority to EP03790492A priority patent/EP1569714A4/en
Priority to US10/782,526 priority patent/US7353064B2/en
Publication of US20040111127A1 publication Critical patent/US20040111127A1/en
Priority to US11/634,523 priority patent/US20070112393A1/en
Publication of US7236830B2 publication Critical patent/US7236830B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to ADVANCED NEUROMODULATION SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment ADVANCED NEUROMODULATION SYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NORTHSTAR NEUROSCIENCE, INC.
Priority to US12/843,766 priority patent/US20100292754A1/en
Priority to US13/297,688 priority patent/US9427585B2/en
Priority to US15/250,240 priority patent/US10004901B2/en
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36067Movement disorders, e.g. tremor or Parkinson disease
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0529Electrodes for brain stimulation
    • A61N1/0534Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36082Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128Control systems
    • A61N1/36146Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
    • A61N1/36167Timing, e.g. stimulation onset
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128Control systems
    • A61N1/36146Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
    • A61N1/36167Timing, e.g. stimulation onset
    • A61N1/36178Burst or pulse train parameters

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for treating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and/or other movement disorders. More particularly, the present disclosure describes a system and method for enhancing or optimizing the effectiveness of neural stimulation in treating the symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's Disease.
  • a wide variety of mental and physical processes are controlled or influenced by neural activity in particular regions of the brain.
  • various physical or cognitive functions are directed or affected by neural activity within the sensory or motor cortices.
  • particular areas of the brain appear to have distinct functions.
  • the areas of the occipital lobes relate to vision; the regions of the left interior frontal lobes relate to language; portions of the cerebral cortex appear to be consistently involved with conscious awareness, memory, and intellect; and particular regions of the cerebral cortex as well as the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and the motor cortex cooperatively interact to facilitate motor function control.
  • Parkinson's Disease is related to the degeneration or death of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the basal ganglia in the brain.
  • Dopamine is neurotransmitter that transmits signals between areas of the brain.
  • the reduction in dopamine causes abnormal neural activity that results in a chronic, progressive deterioration of motor function control.
  • Conservative estimates indicate that PD may affect more than one million individuals in the United States alone.
  • PD patients typically exhibit one or more of four primary symptoms.
  • One primary symptom is a tremor in an extremity (e.g., a hand) that occurs while the extremity is at rest.
  • Other primary symptoms include a generalized slowness of movement (bradykinesia); increased muscle rigidity or stiffness (rigidity); and gait or balance problems (postural dysfunction).
  • PD patients may exhibit secondary symptoms including: difficulty initiating or resuming movements; loss of fine motor skills; lack of arm swing on the affected side of the body while walking; foot drag on the affected side of the body; decreased facial expression; voice and/or speech changes; cognitive disorders; feelings of depression or anxiety; and/or other symptoms.
  • Drug treatments or therapies may involve, for example, the administration of a dopamine precursor that is converted to dopamine within the central nervous system (i.e., Levodopa (L-dopa)). Other types of drug therapies are also available. Unfortunately, drug therapies frequently become less effective or ineffective over time for an undesirably large patient population. A PD patient may require multiple drugs in combination to extend the time period of efficacy of drug therapies.
  • Drug treatments additionally have a significant likelihood of inducing undesirable physical side effects; motor function complications such as uncontrollable involuntary movements (dyskinesias) are a particularly common side effect. Furthermore, drug treatments may induce undesirable cognitive side effects such as confusion and/or hallucinations.
  • Ablative surgical intervention for PD typically involves the destruction of one or more neural structures within the basal ganglia or thalamus that have become overactive because of the lack of dopamine.
  • ablative surgical intervention is a very time consuming and highly invasive procedure. Potential complications associated with the procedure include risk of hemorrhage, stroke, and/or paralysis.
  • PD is a progressive disease, multiple deep brain surgeries may be required as symptoms progressively worsen over time.
  • ablative surgical intervention may improve a PD patient's motor function, it is not likely to completely restore normal motor function.
  • ablative surgical intervention permanently destroys neural tissue, the effects of such intervention cannot be readily adjusted or “fine tuned” over time.
  • Neural stimulation treatments have shown promising results for reducing some of the symptoms associated with PD.
  • Neural activity is governed by electrical impulses or “action potentials” generated in and propagated by neurons. While in a quiescent state, a neuron is negatively polarized and exhibits a resting membrane potential that is typically between ⁇ 70 and ⁇ 60 mV.
  • action potentials generated in and propagated by neurons. While in a quiescent state, a neuron is negatively polarized and exhibits a resting membrane potential that is typically between ⁇ 70 and ⁇ 60 mV.
  • synapses Through chemical connections known as synapses, any given neuron receives excitatory and inhibitory input signals or stimuli from other neurons.
  • a neuron integrates the excitatory and inhibitory input signals it receives, and generates or fires a series of action potentials in the event that the integration exceeds a threshold potential.
  • a neural firing threshold for example, may be approximately ⁇ 55 mV. Action potentials propagate to the neuron's
  • Neural activity in the brain can be influenced by neural stimulation, which involves the application of electrical and/or magnetic stimuli to one or more target neural populations within a patient using a waveform generator or other type of device.
  • Various neural functions can thus be promoted or disrupted by applying an electrical current to one or more regions of the brain.
  • researchers have attempted to treat certain neurological conditions, including PD, using electrical or magnetic stimulation signals to control or affect brain functions.
  • Deep Brain Stimulation is a stimulation therapy that has been used as an alternative to drug treatments and ablative surgical therapies.
  • DBS Deep Brain Stimulation
  • one or more electrodes are surgically implanted into the brain proximate to deep brain or subcortical neural structures.
  • the electrodes are positioned in or proximate to the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus; basal ganglia structures such as the globus pallidus internalis (GPi); or the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN).
  • the location of the stimulation site for the electrodes depends upon the symptoms that a patient exhibits and the severity of the symptoms.
  • a pulse generator delivers a continuous or essentially continuous electrical stimulation signal having a pulse repetition frequency of approximately 100 Hz to each of two deep brain electrodes.
  • the electrodes are bilaterally positioned on the left and right sides of the brain relative to particular neural structures such as those indicated above.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,709 discloses one conventional DBS system for treating movement disorders.
  • DBS therapies may significantly reduce one or more PD symptoms, particularly when combined with drug treatments, they are highly invasive procedures.
  • configuring a DBS system to properly function within a patient requires two time consuming, highly invasive surgical procedures for implanting the DBS electrodes. Each such surgical procedure has essentially same risks as those described above for ablative surgical intervention.
  • DBS may not provide relief from some movement disorders.
  • MCS Motor Cortex Stimulation
  • One MCS system includes a pulse generator connected to a strip electrode that is surgically implanted over a portion of only the motor cortex (precentral gyrus).
  • the use of MCS to treat PD symptoms is described in Canavero, Sergro, Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation for Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Case Report , Movement Disorders (Vol. 15, No. 1, 2000).
  • MCS involves the application of stimulation signals to surface regions of the brain rather than deep neural structures
  • electrode implantation procedures for MCS are significantly less invasive and time consuming than those for DBS.
  • MCS may be a safer and simpler alternative to DBS for treating PD symptoms.
  • Present MCS techniques fail to address or adequately consider a variety of factors that may enhance or optimize the extent to which a patient experiences short term and/or long term relief from PD symptoms.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a neural stimulation system for treating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and/or other neurological disorders according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating several stimulation parameters that may define, describe, or characterize stimulation signals.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for refining, enhancing, or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and/or other movement disorders according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for establishing, adjusting, or adapting a test protocol according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for determining neural stimulation parameters according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for modifying, adjusting, or adapting neural stimulation therapy in view of a likelihood or possibility of a lasting or long term neuroplastic change occurring within a patient over time.
  • the following disclosure describes neural stimulation systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing the extent to which a patient may experience relief from symptoms associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD), other movement or motor disorders, and/or various neurological disorders that may have multiple types of symptoms.
  • symptoms may include, for example, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural dysfunction, spasticity, speech deficits, visual disturbances, olfactory deficits, cognitive deficits, memory deficits, emotional or psychiatric disturbances, paresis, pain and/or other symptoms.
  • neural stimulation may respond to neural stimulation in different manners, and/or across different time scales.
  • neural stimulation optimized to beneficially affect tremor and/or rigidity to a significant degree may provide less significant or minimal benefit relative to other symptoms such as postural dysfunction.
  • neural stimulation that has a nearly immediate or reasonably rapid effect upon tremor and/or rigidity may have a significantly or greatly delayed effect upon other symptoms such as bradykinesia.
  • Systems and/or methods described herein may facilitate enhancement or optimization of neural stimulation therapy for treating multiple patient symptoms that may exhibit different treatment response characteristics and/or different response timeframes.
  • Neural stimulation may facilitate or effectuate neuroplastic changes within a patient's brain, for example, in a manner described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/802,808, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Neuroplastic changes can include adaptive structural changes or reorganizations in particular brain regions, which may result in enhancement or restoration of one or more functional abilities (i.e., physical, sensory, and/or cognitive functions) associated with such brain regions, possibly on a long term or lasting basis.
  • Application of neural stimulation to a patient in accordance with the principles described herein may increase the likelihood that neuroplastic changes can occur to facilitate at least partial recovery of diminished or lost functionality associated with or giving rise to one or more patient symptoms. Such functional recovery may itself reduce the extent to which the patient requires neural stimulation and/or other therapy on an ongoing basis.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a neural stimulation system 100 for treating symptoms of PD and/or other disorders according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the neural stimulation system 100 comprises a pulse generator 110 a configured to deliver stimulation signals to a patient 190 using a set of electrodes 140 .
  • the pulse generator 110 a may be coupled to the set of electrodes 140 by one or more leads 112 .
  • the pulse generator 110 a may further be configured for wireless and/or wire-based communication with a programming unit 160 .
  • the system 100 may further include one or more patient monitoring units 180 configured to detect, monitor, indicate, measure, and/or assess the severity of particular types of patient symptoms.
  • the set of electrodes 140 may include one or more cortical electrodes 142 configured to provide, deliver, and/or apply stimulation signals to particular cortical regions of the patient's brain 192 and/or neural populations synaptically connected and/or proximate thereto.
  • a cortical electrode 142 may include one or more electrically conductive contacts 144 carried by a substrate 146 in a manner understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the set of electrodes 140 may alternatively or additionally include one or more penetrating, depth, and/or deep brain electrodes.
  • the set of electrodes 140 may further include or provide one or more stimulation signal return electrodes (i.e., electrodes that provide a current return path) that may be positioned relative to a variety of locations within and/or upon the patient's body.
  • the characteristics and/or placement of the set of electrodes 140 may depend upon the nature of patient's underlying disorder(s) and/or the type and/or severity of symptoms that the patient 190 experiences or exhibits.
  • one or more portions of the set of electrodes 140 may be surgically implanted to deliver stimulation signals to target neural populations within the patient's brain in a manner described in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/______, entitled “System and Method for Treating Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders,” filed on Dec. 9, 2002 (Perkins Coie Docket No. 33734.8040US00).
  • the pulse generator 110 a may comprise hardware and/or software for generating and outputting stimulation signals to the set of electrodes 140 in accordance with internal instruction sequences and/or in response to control signals, commands, instructions, and/or other information received from the programming unit 160 .
  • the pulse generator 110 a may include a power supply, a pulse unit, a control unit, a programmable computer medium, and a communication unit.
  • the power supply may comprise a battery or other type of power storage device.
  • the pulse unit may comprise circuitry for generating pulse sequences that may be defined or characterized in accordance with various stimulation signal parameters, which are further described below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the control unit may comprise hardware and/or software configured to direct or manage the local operation of the pulse generator 110 a .
  • the communication unit may comprise a user interface that facilitates communication with devices external to the pulse generator 110 a , for example, through telemetric signal transfer.
  • the programmable computer medium may comprise hardware and/or memory resident software.
  • the programmable computer medium may store operational mode information and/or program instruction sequences that may be selected and/or specified in accordance with information received from the programming unit 160 .
  • the pulse generator 110 a may be configured to deliver stimulation signals to particular electrodes 142 and/or specific electrical contacts 144 within the set of electrodes 140 on a selective basis at any given time, in a manner identical, essentially identical, or analogous to that described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/978,134.
  • Each element of the pulse generator 110 a may be incorporated or embedded into a surgically implantable case or housing.
  • the pulse generator 110 a may be surgically implanted into the patient 190 in a subclavicular location.
  • a pulse generator 110 b may be surgically implanted above the patient's neck, for example, in a skull location posterior to the patient's ear and/or proximate to an electrode implantation site.
  • a surgically formed tunnel or path may route the set of leads 112 that couple the pulse generator 110 a , 110 b to the set of electrodes 140 , in a manner understood by those skilled in the art.
  • one or more electrically conductive portions of the pulse generator's case or housing may serve as a return electrode for electrical current.
  • the programming unit 160 may comprise a device configured to communicate control signals, commands, instructions, and/or other information to the pulse generator 110 a .
  • the programming unit 160 may additionally be configured to receive information from the pulse generator 110 a . Communication between the programming unit 160 and the pulse generator 110 a may facilitate or effectuate specification, selection, and/or identification of operational modes, instruction sequences, and/or procedures for treating symptoms of PD and/or other neurological disorders in accordance with the present invention, as described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 through 6.
  • the programming unit 160 includes a processing unit 162 , a programmable computer medium 164 , and a communication unit 166 .
  • the programmable computer medium 164 may store an operating system, program instructions, and/or data, and may comprise various types of hardware and memory resident software, including volatile and/or nonvolatile memory as well as one or more data storage devices.
  • the communication unit 166 may include a wire-based and/or wireless telemetry interface 170 that employs magnetic, radio frequency (RF), and/or optical signaling techniques to communicate with the pulse generator 110 a .
  • the communication unit 166 may additionally or alternatively include one or more wire-based and/or wireless interfaces that facilitate communication with other devices such as a computer.
  • a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise essentially any type of device, subsystem, and/or system configured to detect, monitor, indicate, measure, and/or assess the severity of one or more types of patient symptoms associated with PD and/or other neurological disorders.
  • a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise a motion detection system configured to detect patient movement associated with tremor.
  • a motion detection system may include light emitting and/or detecting devices and/or accelerometers coupled to particular patient extremities.
  • a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise an Electromyography (EMG) system that includes a set of surface or depth electrodes positioned relative to particular muscle groups for detecting electrical signals corresponding to muscle fiber innervation.
  • EMG Electromyography
  • a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise an Electroencephalograpy (EEG) system.
  • a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise a neural imaging system.
  • a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise one or more electrodes and/or probes (e.g., cerebral bloodflow monitors) positioned upon, proximate, and/or within given target neural populations, and associated hardware and/or software for detecting, presenting, and/or analyzing signals received therefrom.
  • stimulation signals may comprise electromagnetic pulse sequences. Any given pulse sequence may comprise at least one, and possibly multiple, pulse trains, which may be separated by quiescent intervals.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating several stimulation parameters that may define, describe, or characterize a pulse train.
  • a stimulus start time t 0 defines an initial point at which a pulse train is applied to one or more elements within the set of electrodes 140 .
  • the pulse train may be a biphasic waveform comprising a series of biphasic pulses, and which may be defined, characterized, or described by parameters including a pulse width t 1 for a first pulse phase; a pulse width t 2 for a second pulse phase; and a pulse width t 3 for one or more biphasic pulses.
  • the parameters can also include a pulse repetition rate 1/t 4 corresponding to a pulse repetition frequency; a pulse duty cycle equal to t 3 divided by t 4 ; a pulse burst time t 5 that defines a number of pulses in a pulse train; and/or a pulse train repetition rate t 6 .
  • Other parameters include a peak current intensity or amplitude I 1 for a first pulse phase and a peak current intensity I 2 for a second pulse phase.
  • the pulse width of successive pulses and/or successive pulse phases may vary, such that the pulse repetition frequency within a pulse train and/or a pulse sequence is a function of time.
  • a pulse train having a frequency that varies in time may give rise to a “chirped” frequency profile.
  • the pulse intensity or amplitude may decay during the first and/or second pulse phases, and the extent of such decay may differ across successive or subsequent pulse phases.
  • a pulse may be a charge-balanced waveform, and that in an alternate embodiment, pulses can be monophasic or polyphasic.
  • Additional stimulation parameters may specify manners in which pulse trains are applied to selected configurations of elements within the set of electrodes 140 , such as particular electrodes 142 and/or contacts 144 , at any given time.
  • a test protocol may define or specify neural stimulation parameters associated with one or more pulse sequences to be applied to a patient 190 across or within a given test period duration that may include one or more neural stimulation delivery periods and possibly one or more quiescent periods during which the patient 190 receives no neural stimulation.
  • a test protocol may further define or specify a spatial and/or temporal distribution of elements within the set of electrodes 140 to which neural stimulation may be applied during one or more portions of the test period; and corresponding signal polarities corresponding to particular elements within the set of electrodes 140 relative to one or more portions of the test period.
  • Neural stimulation delivered in accordance with a test protocol comprises a test therapy.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for refining, enhancing, or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of PD and/or other neurological disorders according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a method 200 includes an identification procedure 202 that involves identification of one or more patient symptoms to which neural stimulation therapy, possibly in conjunction with one or more adjunctive therapies, may be directed.
  • the method 200 may also include a symptom selection procedure 204 that involves selection or consideration of a first, a next, or an additional subset of patient symptoms to which neural stimulation therapy may be directed.
  • the symptom selection procedure 204 may facilitate initial selection of symptoms expected to rapidly respond to neural stimulation, such as tremor and/or rigidity, followed by selection of other symptoms such as bradykinesia that may respond more slowly.
  • the method 200 may further include a test protocol management procedure 206 that involves establishing, adjusting, and/or adapting a test protocol that specifies or defines a test therapy intended to be applied to the patient 190 for a given test period.
  • the test protocol may specify or define neural stimulation parameters corresponding to the test therapy, and may also specify parameters corresponding to one or more adjunctive therapies such as drug therapies.
  • the method 200 may additionally include a test delivery procedure 208 that involves application or delivery of the test therapy to the patient 190 in accordance with the test protocol; and an observation procedure 210 that involves observation, monitoring, and/or measuring of patient symptoms at one or more times in association with and/or following the delivery procedure 208 .
  • the observation procedure 210 may involve one or more patient monitoring units 180 , and/or direct human observation of the patient 190 .
  • the method 200 may further include an evaluation procedure 212 involving determination of an extent to which one or more patient symptoms currently under consideration have improved or changed as a result of the most recently applied test therapy.
  • the evaluation procedure 212 may involve one or more patient monitoring units 180 and/or direct human evaluation of the patient 190 .
  • the method 200 may return to the test protocol management procedure 206 .
  • the method 200 may return to the symptom selection procedure 204 .
  • the method 200 may include an ongoing treatment delivery procedure 218 that involves application of an arrived-at ongoing therapy to the patient in accordance with an ongoing, essentially ongoing, or generally ongoing treatment protocol.
  • the ongoing treatment protocol may correspond to or be based upon a previously considered test protocol, and may involve one or more adjunctive therapies.
  • the ongoing treatment protocol may be identical or essentially identical to a recently considered test protocol, with the exception that an ongoing treatment duration corresponding to the ongoing treatment protocol may be significantly longer than that of the test period corresponding to such a test therapy.
  • the method 200 may also include a reevaluation procedure 220 that involves a one-time, occasional, or periodic reevaluation, adjustment, and/or adaptation of a most recent ongoing treatment protocol in view of potential or likely neuroplastic changes, variations in ongoing treatment effectiveness, and/or overall patient health or condition over time.
  • a reevaluation procedure 220 may be performed on a one-time or repeated basis based upon the judgment of a medical professional.
  • the reevaluation procedure 220 may itself involve one or more steps of the method 200 . Through a reevaluation procedure 220 , it may be determined that one or more patient symptoms may be better, successfully, or adequately treated or managed in accordance with a different pulse repetition frequency function; a lower peak intensity or amplitude; less frequent neural stimulation; a modified configuration of elements within the set of electrodes 140 and/or modified signal polarities applied thereto; lower dosage and/or less frequent drug therapy; and/or other variations in or modifications to the ongoing treatment protocol. As further described below with reference to FIG.
  • a reevaluation procedure 220 that indicates that better, successful, or adequate treatment or management of one or more patient symptoms may be achieved with less intense and/or less frequent neural stimulation may be indicative of compensatory, restorative, and/or rehabilitative neuroplastic change within the patient 190 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for establishing, adjusting, or adapting a test protocol according to an embodiment of the invention. Such methods may be used in the test protocol management procedure 206 of FIG. 3.
  • a method 300 includes an adjustment procedure 302 that involves adjustment, cessation, or interruption of patient therapies currently in progress as required.
  • Such therapies may comprise neural stimulation and/or one or more adjunctive therapies such as a drug therapy.
  • the method 300 may also include a waiting procedure 304 during which effects of recently adjusted, discontinued, or interrupted therapies are allowed to subside, stabilize, or “wash out.”
  • the waiting procedure 304 may maximize or increase a likelihood that a previously applied therapy has a minimal or negligible effect upon an upcoming test therapy (i.e., no carry-over effects).
  • the method 300 may further include an assessment procedure 306 that involves assessment, qualification, and/or quantification of the severity of one or more patient symptoms, possibly to establish a baseline or reference patient condition.
  • the method 300 may additionally include a duration establishment procedure 308 that involves determination or definition of a test period duration during which a test therapy may be applied to the patient 190 .
  • a test period duration may be short or relatively short, for example, approximately 1 or more minutes or hours, to facilitate efficient determination of the effectiveness of a test protocol upon acute or readily responsive patient symptoms.
  • a test period duration may be relatively long, for example, approximately 1 or more days, weeks, or even months, to facilitate determination of the effectiveness of a test protocol upon patient symptoms having slower or prolonged treatment response characteristics.
  • the method 300 may further include a first test protocol definition procedure 310 that involves determination, selection, and/or specification of neural stimulation parameters that comprise one or more portions of the test protocol.
  • the method 300 may additionally include a second test protocol definition procedure 312 that involves determination or definition of a set of parameters corresponding to one or more adjunctive therapies that may form a portion of the test protocol. Such parameters may include, for example, a drug dosage and delivery schedule.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for determining neural stimulation parameters according to an embodiment of the invention. Such methods may be used in the first test protocol definition procedure 310 of FIG. 4.
  • a method 400 includes a delivery period selection procedure 402 that involves determination or selection of a first or next time interval within the current test period that neural stimulation may be delivered to the patient 190 .
  • the method 400 may further include a pulse sequence duration procedure 404 that involves selection and/or specification of one or more pulse sequence durations and/or quiescent intervals within and/or between pulse sequences for the neural stimulation delivery period currently under consideration.
  • the method 400 may accommodate multiple pulse sequences, variable types of pulse train sequences, and/or quiescent intervals between pulse sequences to provide enhanced flexibility with respect to establishing test protocols that may be useful for efficiently treating symptoms of various disorders.
  • DBS Deep Brain Stimulation
  • stimulation delivered to the globus pallidus internalis (GPi) may significantly reduce GPi activity over a period that can last several seconds beyond the termination of such stimulation. For example, a continuous or essentially continuous pulse train lasting 3 seconds may result in reduced or significantly reduced GPi output activity that lasts approximately 1.5 seconds beyond termination of the 3 second pulse train.
  • Delivering or applying neural stimulation to one or more target neural populations having synaptic projections into the GPi or associated neural circuitry such that pulse sequences or pulse trains are separated by one or more appropriate quiescent intervals may therefore maintain or sustain reduced GPi activity while eliminating the need to deliver continuous stimulation. Delivery of neural stimulation in such a manner advantageously reduces power consumption.
  • a pulse sequence comprising periodic pulse trains lasting approximately 3 seconds separated by quiescent intervals lasting approximately 1.5 seconds may provide significant therapeutic benefit in a power efficient manner.
  • the method 400 may additionally include a waveform definition procedure 406 that involves selection and/or specification of a set of waveform parameters that define or describe each pulse sequence currently under consideration.
  • waveform characteristics may include a pulse repetition frequency or frequency function, a pulse amplitude decay function, and/or other pulse sequence parameters.
  • the pulse repetition frequency may vary within any given pulse sequence, and/or from one pulse sequence to another.
  • the method may facilitate the definition of a test protocol or an arrived-at ongoing treatment protocol that includes multiple pulse repetition frequencies, where particular individual pulse frequencies or pulse frequency subsets may be directed toward maximizing or enhancing the effectiveness of neural stimulation in treating particular PD and/or movement disorder symptoms.
  • a test protocol or an ongoing treatment protocol may call for neural stimulation that periodically alternates between these pulse repetition frequencies in accordance with given neural stimulation delivery periods and possibly including one or more quiescent periods therebetween.
  • the test protocol or the ongoing treatment protocol may call for neural stimulation that sweeps between 15 and 30 Hz in a continuous or nearly continuous manner.
  • a test protocol may call for neural stimulation having one or more pulse repetition frequencies specified in accordance with a temporal and/or mathematical function that is based upon individual pulse repetition frequencies determined to be optimal or near-optimal for treating particular subsets of patient symptoms.
  • a temporal and/or mathematical function may be based upon the nature and/or severity of such symptoms. For example, if the patient's baseline or reference state indicates that the patient experiences tremor in a significantly more severe manner than bradykinesia, a test protocol may call for neural stimulation in which an amount of time spent delivering stimulation optimized or nearly optimized for treating tremor exceeds an amount of time spent delivering stimulation optimized or nearly optimized for treating bradykinesia.
  • the test protocol may call for neural stimulation having a frequency function that is weighted or biased relative to individually determined frequencies corresponding to particular symptom subsets.
  • a test protocol may call for neural stimulation that delivers, for example, a combined frequency of 27 Hz for treating both tremor and rigidity, as well as a pulse repetition frequency of 15 Hz for treating bradykinesia.
  • a test protocol may call for neural stimulation having a pulse repetition frequency function that depends upon one or more treatment response times associated with particular symptoms, and/or one or more time intervals that relief from particular symptoms persists in the absence of neural stimulation.
  • the method 400 may further include an electrode element selection procedure 408 that involves identifying or defining a spatial and/or temporal distribution of electrodes 142 and/or contacts 144 to which neural stimulation may be directed during the delivery period under consideration.
  • the electrode element selection procedure 408 may alternatively or additionally select or define signal polarities corresponding to particular electrodes 142 and/or contacts 144 relative to one or more portions of the test period. In the event that a current test period includes more than one delivery period, the method 400 may return to the delivery period selection procedure 402 .
  • the method 400 may also include a threshold determination procedure 412 that involves determination of a minimum or near minimum neural stimulation amplitude or intensity that evokes or induces a given type of patient response, reaction, behavior, and/or sensation.
  • a neural stimulation threshold may be determined by successively applying higher amplitude neural stimulation signals to the patient 190 until an observable or detectable response occurs.
  • Each threshold determination attempt may apply a limited duration neural stimulation signal to the patient 190 , for example, a pulse sequence lasting 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 3 seconds, or some other length of time.
  • a waiting, quiescent, or washout period between successive threshold determination attempts, during which the patient 190 receives no neural stimulation may ensure that each threshold determination attempt is independent or essentially independent of residual effects associated with previously applied signals.
  • a quiescent period may span several seconds to one or more minutes, for example, approximately one minute.
  • the threshold determination procedure 412 involves determination of a motor, movement, or motion threshold through motion detection techniques and/or visual observation. In another embodiment, the threshold determination procedure 412 may involve determination of an EMG threshold and/or another type of neural stimulation threshold.
  • the method 400 may further include an amplitude determination procedure 414 that involves determination or selection of peak or average amplitudes or intensities corresponding to the set of pulse sequences defined or specified within the current test period based upon the results or outcome of the threshold determination procedure 412 .
  • a peak pulse sequence amplitude may be defined as a given percentage of a neural stimulation threshold, for example, 50% of a movement threshold or 70% of an EMG threshold.
  • different pulse sequences within a delivery period or test period may have different peak amplitudes.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for modifying, adjusting, or adapting neural stimulation therapy in view of a likelihood or possibility of a lasting or long term neuroplastic change occurring within a patient 190 over time. Such methods may involve the reevaluation procedure 220 and/or other procedures described above with in association with FIG. 3.
  • the propensity of a given neural population to undergo neuroplastic change may depend upon the application of an initial neural stimulation regimen to the neural population in a particular manner, such as a continuous, generally continuous, or frequent manner over a given or minimum amount of time. This may in turn facilitate or effectuate initiation and reinforcement of chemical and/or structural adaptations or changes in the neural population and/or neural circuitry associated therewith, thereby “priming” the neural population to accept and/or maintain long term or lasting neuroplastic change.
  • effective or generally effective treatment of PD or other movement disorder symptoms may initially require continuous, essentially continuous, or nearly continuous neural stimulation for a neuroplastic priming period of approximately one month. After such a neuroplastic priming period, however, effective treatment of one or more symptoms may require stimulation for a limited number of hours per day, such as during the patient's normal waking hours. Alternatively, effective treatment may require continuous stimulation for approximately 30 minutes, after which treatment may be interrupted for approximately 30 minutes, and so on. In another embodiment, the stimulation can be applied on a twenty four hour basis for an initial period and then on a reduced basis for a subsequent period. The stimulation, for example, can be applied all throughout each day for an initial period of approximately one month, and then it can be applied only during waking hours after the initial period. This is expected to provide sufficient results in many situations and conserve battery life.
  • One method 500 for modifying, adjusting, or adapting neural stimulation therapy in view of a likelihood or possibility of a lasting or long term neuroplastic change may include a first stimulation optimization or refinement procedure 502 that involves determination of a continuous neural stimulation protocol for treating one or more patient symptoms.
  • the method 500 may further include a continuous stimulation procedure 504 that involves delivery or application of neural stimulation to the patient 190 in accordance with the continuous neural stimulation protocol for a predetermined time period, for example, one or more weeks or one or more months.
  • the predetermined time period may correspond to an expected or likely neuroplastic priming period.
  • the method 500 may additionally include a second stimulation optimization or refinement procedure 506 that involves determination of a noncontinuous and/or periodically interrupted neural stimulation protocol for treating patient symptoms under consideration.
  • the method 500 may also include a noncontinuous or interrupted stimulation procedure that involves delivery of noncontinuous and/or interrupted neural stimulation to the patient 190 in accordance with the noncontinuous and/or interrupted neural stimulation protocol.
  • the first and/or second stimulation optimization or refinement procedures 502 , 506 may include or encompass one or more procedures described above in association with FIG. 3. Additionally, the second stimulation optimization or refinement procedure 506 may be repeated following application of noncontinuous or interrupted stimulation to the patient 190 for a given amount of time.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Psychology (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Systems and methods for treating a neurological disorder comprising determining a first set of neural stimulation parameters capable of treating a first subset of symptoms, determining a second set of neural stimulation parameters capable of treating a second subset of symptoms, and applying a neural stimulation therapy based upon the first set of neural stimulation parameters and the second set of neural stimulation parameters to the patient. The first set of neural stimulation parameters can include electrical stimulation at a first frequency, and the second set of neural stimulation parameters can include electrical stimulation at a second frequency. In other embodiments, a treatment method comprises applying a first neural stimulation therapy to the patient in a continuous or generally continuous manner during a first time interval, and applying a second neural stimulation therapy to the patient in a noncontinuous or interrupted manner following the first time interval.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
  • The present disclosure relates to and incorporates by reference U.S. application Ser. No. 09/978,134 entitled “Systems and Methods for Automatically Optimizing Stimulus Parameters and Electrode Configurations for Neuro-Stimulators,” filed on Oct. 15, 2002; and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/______ entitled “System and Method for Treating Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders,” filed on Dec. 9, 2002 (Perkins Coie Docket No. 33734.8040US00—Express Mail No. EV139295255US).[0001]
  • TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for treating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and/or other movement disorders. More particularly, the present disclosure describes a system and method for enhancing or optimizing the effectiveness of neural stimulation in treating the symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's Disease. [0002]
  • BACKGROUND
  • A wide variety of mental and physical processes are controlled or influenced by neural activity in particular regions of the brain. For example, various physical or cognitive functions are directed or affected by neural activity within the sensory or motor cortices. Across most individuals, particular areas of the brain appear to have distinct functions. In the majority of people, for example, the areas of the occipital lobes relate to vision; the regions of the left interior frontal lobes relate to language; portions of the cerebral cortex appear to be consistently involved with conscious awareness, memory, and intellect; and particular regions of the cerebral cortex as well as the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and the motor cortex cooperatively interact to facilitate motor function control. [0003]
  • Many problems or abnormalities with body functions can be caused by damage, disease, and/or disorders in the brain. For example, Parkinson's Disease (PD) is related to the degeneration or death of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the basal ganglia in the brain. Dopamine is neurotransmitter that transmits signals between areas of the brain. As the neurons in the substantia nigra deteriorate, the reduction in dopamine causes abnormal neural activity that results in a chronic, progressive deterioration of motor function control. Conservative estimates indicate that PD may affect more than one million individuals in the United States alone. [0004]
  • PD patients typically exhibit one or more of four primary symptoms. One primary symptom is a tremor in an extremity (e.g., a hand) that occurs while the extremity is at rest. Other primary symptoms include a generalized slowness of movement (bradykinesia); increased muscle rigidity or stiffness (rigidity); and gait or balance problems (postural dysfunction). In addition to or in lieu of these primary symptoms, PD patients may exhibit secondary symptoms including: difficulty initiating or resuming movements; loss of fine motor skills; lack of arm swing on the affected side of the body while walking; foot drag on the affected side of the body; decreased facial expression; voice and/or speech changes; cognitive disorders; feelings of depression or anxiety; and/or other symptoms. [0005]
  • Effectively treating PD or other movement disorders related to neurological conditions can be very difficult. Current treatments for PD symptoms include drugs, ablative surgical intervention, and/or neural stimulation. Drug treatments or therapies may involve, for example, the administration of a dopamine precursor that is converted to dopamine within the central nervous system (i.e., Levodopa (L-dopa)). Other types of drug therapies are also available. Unfortunately, drug therapies frequently become less effective or ineffective over time for an undesirably large patient population. A PD patient may require multiple drugs in combination to extend the time period of efficacy of drug therapies. Drug treatments additionally have a significant likelihood of inducing undesirable physical side effects; motor function complications such as uncontrollable involuntary movements (dyskinesias) are a particularly common side effect. Furthermore, drug treatments may induce undesirable cognitive side effects such as confusion and/or hallucinations. [0006]
  • Ablative surgical intervention for PD typically involves the destruction of one or more neural structures within the basal ganglia or thalamus that have become overactive because of the lack of dopamine. Unfortunately, such neural structures reside deep within the brain, and hence ablative surgical intervention is a very time consuming and highly invasive procedure. Potential complications associated with the procedure include risk of hemorrhage, stroke, and/or paralysis. Moreover, because PD is a progressive disease, multiple deep brain surgeries may be required as symptoms progressively worsen over time. Although ablative surgical intervention may improve a PD patient's motor function, it is not likely to completely restore normal motor function. Furthermore, since ablative surgical intervention permanently destroys neural tissue, the effects of such intervention cannot be readily adjusted or “fine tuned” over time. [0007]
  • Neural stimulation treatments have shown promising results for reducing some of the symptoms associated with PD. Neural activity is governed by electrical impulses or “action potentials” generated in and propagated by neurons. While in a quiescent state, a neuron is negatively polarized and exhibits a resting membrane potential that is typically between −70 and −60 mV. Through chemical connections known as synapses, any given neuron receives excitatory and inhibitory input signals or stimuli from other neurons. A neuron integrates the excitatory and inhibitory input signals it receives, and generates or fires a series of action potentials in the event that the integration exceeds a threshold potential. A neural firing threshold, for example, may be approximately −55 mV. Action potentials propagate to the neuron's synapses and are then conveyed to other synaptically connected neurons. [0008]
  • Neural activity in the brain can be influenced by neural stimulation, which involves the application of electrical and/or magnetic stimuli to one or more target neural populations within a patient using a waveform generator or other type of device. Various neural functions can thus be promoted or disrupted by applying an electrical current to one or more regions of the brain. As a result, researchers have attempted to treat certain neurological conditions, including PD, using electrical or magnetic stimulation signals to control or affect brain functions. [0009]
  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a stimulation therapy that has been used as an alternative to drug treatments and ablative surgical therapies. In DBS, one or more electrodes are surgically implanted into the brain proximate to deep brain or subcortical neural structures. For treating PD or other movement disorders, the electrodes are positioned in or proximate to the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus; basal ganglia structures such as the globus pallidus internalis (GPi); or the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN). The location of the stimulation site for the electrodes depends upon the symptoms that a patient exhibits and the severity of the symptoms. [0010]
  • In a typical DBS system, a pulse generator delivers a continuous or essentially continuous electrical stimulation signal having a pulse repetition frequency of approximately 100 Hz to each of two deep brain electrodes. The electrodes are bilaterally positioned on the left and right sides of the brain relative to particular neural structures such as those indicated above. U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,709 discloses one conventional DBS system for treating movement disorders. [0011]
  • Although DBS therapies may significantly reduce one or more PD symptoms, particularly when combined with drug treatments, they are highly invasive procedures. In general, configuring a DBS system to properly function within a patient requires two time consuming, highly invasive surgical procedures for implanting the DBS electrodes. Each such surgical procedure has essentially same risks as those described above for ablative surgical intervention. Moreover, DBS may not provide relief from some movement disorders. [0012]
  • Motor Cortex Stimulation (MCS) is another type of brain stimulation treatment that has been proposed for treating movement disorders. MCS involves the application of stimulation signals to the motor cortex of a patient. One MCS system includes a pulse generator connected to a strip electrode that is surgically implanted over a portion of only the motor cortex (precentral gyrus). The use of MCS to treat PD symptoms is described in Canavero, Sergro, [0013] Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation for Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Case Report, Movement Disorders (Vol. 15, No. 1, 2000).
  • Because MCS involves the application of stimulation signals to surface regions of the brain rather than deep neural structures, electrode implantation procedures for MCS are significantly less invasive and time consuming than those for DBS. As a result, MCS may be a safer and simpler alternative to DBS for treating PD symptoms. Present MCS techniques, however, fail to address or adequately consider a variety of factors that may enhance or optimize the extent to which a patient experiences short term and/or long term relief from PD symptoms.[0014]
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a neural stimulation system for treating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and/or other neurological disorders according to an embodiment of the invention. [0015]
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating several stimulation parameters that may define, describe, or characterize stimulation signals. [0016]
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for refining, enhancing, or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and/or other movement disorders according to an embodiment of the invention. [0017]
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for establishing, adjusting, or adapting a test protocol according to an embodiment of the invention. [0018]
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for determining neural stimulation parameters according to an embodiment of the invention. [0019]
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for modifying, adjusting, or adapting neural stimulation therapy in view of a likelihood or possibility of a lasting or long term neuroplastic change occurring within a patient over time.[0020]
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • The following disclosure describes neural stimulation systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing the extent to which a patient may experience relief from symptoms associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD), other movement or motor disorders, and/or various neurological disorders that may have multiple types of symptoms. Such symptoms may include, for example, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural dysfunction, spasticity, speech deficits, visual disturbances, olfactory deficits, cognitive deficits, memory deficits, emotional or psychiatric disturbances, paresis, pain and/or other symptoms. [0021]
  • Different symptoms may respond to neural stimulation in different manners, and/or across different time scales. For example, neural stimulation optimized to beneficially affect tremor and/or rigidity to a significant degree may provide less significant or minimal benefit relative to other symptoms such as postural dysfunction. Additionally, neural stimulation that has a nearly immediate or reasonably rapid effect upon tremor and/or rigidity may have a significantly or greatly delayed effect upon other symptoms such as bradykinesia. Systems and/or methods described herein may facilitate enhancement or optimization of neural stimulation therapy for treating multiple patient symptoms that may exhibit different treatment response characteristics and/or different response timeframes. [0022]
  • Neural stimulation may facilitate or effectuate neuroplastic changes within a patient's brain, for example, in a manner described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/802,808, which is incorporated herein by reference. Neuroplastic changes can include adaptive structural changes or reorganizations in particular brain regions, which may result in enhancement or restoration of one or more functional abilities (i.e., physical, sensory, and/or cognitive functions) associated with such brain regions, possibly on a long term or lasting basis. Application of neural stimulation to a patient in accordance with the principles described herein may increase the likelihood that neuroplastic changes can occur to facilitate at least partial recovery of diminished or lost functionality associated with or giving rise to one or more patient symptoms. Such functional recovery may itself reduce the extent to which the patient requires neural stimulation and/or other therapy on an ongoing basis. [0023]
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a neural stimulation system [0024] 100 for treating symptoms of PD and/or other disorders according to an embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment, the neural stimulation system 100 comprises a pulse generator 110 a configured to deliver stimulation signals to a patient 190 using a set of electrodes 140. The pulse generator 110 a may be coupled to the set of electrodes 140 by one or more leads 112. The pulse generator 110 a may further be configured for wireless and/or wire-based communication with a programming unit 160. Depending upon embodiment details, the system 100 may further include one or more patient monitoring units 180 configured to detect, monitor, indicate, measure, and/or assess the severity of particular types of patient symptoms.
  • The set of [0025] electrodes 140 may include one or more cortical electrodes 142 configured to provide, deliver, and/or apply stimulation signals to particular cortical regions of the patient's brain 192 and/or neural populations synaptically connected and/or proximate thereto. A cortical electrode 142 may include one or more electrically conductive contacts 144 carried by a substrate 146 in a manner understood by those skilled in the art. The set of electrodes 140 may alternatively or additionally include one or more penetrating, depth, and/or deep brain electrodes. The set of electrodes 140 may further include or provide one or more stimulation signal return electrodes (i.e., electrodes that provide a current return path) that may be positioned relative to a variety of locations within and/or upon the patient's body.
  • The characteristics and/or placement of the set of [0026] electrodes 140 may depend upon the nature of patient's underlying disorder(s) and/or the type and/or severity of symptoms that the patient 190 experiences or exhibits. In one embodiment, one or more portions of the set of electrodes 140 may be surgically implanted to deliver stimulation signals to target neural populations within the patient's brain in a manner described in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/______, entitled “System and Method for Treating Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders,” filed on Dec. 9, 2002 (Perkins Coie Docket No. 33734.8040US00).
  • The [0027] pulse generator 110 a may comprise hardware and/or software for generating and outputting stimulation signals to the set of electrodes 140 in accordance with internal instruction sequences and/or in response to control signals, commands, instructions, and/or other information received from the programming unit 160. The pulse generator 110 a may include a power supply, a pulse unit, a control unit, a programmable computer medium, and a communication unit. The power supply may comprise a battery or other type of power storage device. The pulse unit may comprise circuitry for generating pulse sequences that may be defined or characterized in accordance with various stimulation signal parameters, which are further described below with reference to FIG. 2. The control unit may comprise hardware and/or software configured to direct or manage the local operation of the pulse generator 110 a. The communication unit may comprise a user interface that facilitates communication with devices external to the pulse generator 110 a, for example, through telemetric signal transfer. The programmable computer medium may comprise hardware and/or memory resident software. The programmable computer medium may store operational mode information and/or program instruction sequences that may be selected and/or specified in accordance with information received from the programming unit 160. The pulse generator 110 a may be configured to deliver stimulation signals to particular electrodes 142 and/or specific electrical contacts 144 within the set of electrodes 140 on a selective basis at any given time, in a manner identical, essentially identical, or analogous to that described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/978,134.
  • Each element of the [0028] pulse generator 110 a may be incorporated or embedded into a surgically implantable case or housing. Depending upon embodiment details, the pulse generator 110 a may be surgically implanted into the patient 190 in a subclavicular location. Alternatively, a pulse generator 110 b may be surgically implanted above the patient's neck, for example, in a skull location posterior to the patient's ear and/or proximate to an electrode implantation site. A surgically formed tunnel or path may route the set of leads 112 that couple the pulse generator 110 a, 110 b to the set of electrodes 140, in a manner understood by those skilled in the art. Additionally, one or more electrically conductive portions of the pulse generator's case or housing may serve as a return electrode for electrical current.
  • The [0029] programming unit 160 may comprise a device configured to communicate control signals, commands, instructions, and/or other information to the pulse generator 110 a. The programming unit 160 may additionally be configured to receive information from the pulse generator 110 a. Communication between the programming unit 160 and the pulse generator 110 a may facilitate or effectuate specification, selection, and/or identification of operational modes, instruction sequences, and/or procedures for treating symptoms of PD and/or other neurological disorders in accordance with the present invention, as described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 through 6.
  • In one embodiment, the [0030] programming unit 160 includes a processing unit 162, a programmable computer medium 164, and a communication unit 166. The programmable computer medium 164 may store an operating system, program instructions, and/or data, and may comprise various types of hardware and memory resident software, including volatile and/or nonvolatile memory as well as one or more data storage devices. The communication unit 166 may include a wire-based and/or wireless telemetry interface 170 that employs magnetic, radio frequency (RF), and/or optical signaling techniques to communicate with the pulse generator 110 a. The communication unit 166 may additionally or alternatively include one or more wire-based and/or wireless interfaces that facilitate communication with other devices such as a computer.
  • A [0031] patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise essentially any type of device, subsystem, and/or system configured to detect, monitor, indicate, measure, and/or assess the severity of one or more types of patient symptoms associated with PD and/or other neurological disorders. For example, a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise a motion detection system configured to detect patient movement associated with tremor. A motion detection system may include light emitting and/or detecting devices and/or accelerometers coupled to particular patient extremities. As another example, a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise an Electromyography (EMG) system that includes a set of surface or depth electrodes positioned relative to particular muscle groups for detecting electrical signals corresponding to muscle fiber innervation. As another example, a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise an Electroencephalograpy (EEG) system. As yet another example, a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise a neural imaging system. As a final example, a patient monitoring unit 180 may comprise one or more electrodes and/or probes (e.g., cerebral bloodflow monitors) positioned upon, proximate, and/or within given target neural populations, and associated hardware and/or software for detecting, presenting, and/or analyzing signals received therefrom.
  • As previously indicated, the [0032] pulse generator 110 a generates and outputs stimulation signals. In the context of the present invention, stimulation signals may comprise electromagnetic pulse sequences. Any given pulse sequence may comprise at least one, and possibly multiple, pulse trains, which may be separated by quiescent intervals. FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating several stimulation parameters that may define, describe, or characterize a pulse train. A stimulus start time t0 defines an initial point at which a pulse train is applied to one or more elements within the set of electrodes 140. In one embodiment, the pulse train may be a biphasic waveform comprising a series of biphasic pulses, and which may be defined, characterized, or described by parameters including a pulse width t1 for a first pulse phase; a pulse width t2 for a second pulse phase; and a pulse width t3 for one or more biphasic pulses. The parameters can also include a pulse repetition rate 1/t4 corresponding to a pulse repetition frequency; a pulse duty cycle equal to t3 divided by t4; a pulse burst time t5 that defines a number of pulses in a pulse train; and/or a pulse train repetition rate t6. Other parameters include a peak current intensity or amplitude I1 for a first pulse phase and a peak current intensity I2 for a second pulse phase.
  • In various embodiments, the pulse width of successive pulses and/or successive pulse phases may vary, such that the pulse repetition frequency within a pulse train and/or a pulse sequence is a function of time. A pulse train having a frequency that varies in time may give rise to a “chirped” frequency profile. Additionally or alternatively, the pulse intensity or amplitude may decay during the first and/or second pulse phases, and the extent of such decay may differ across successive or subsequent pulse phases. Those skilled in the art will understand that a pulse may be a charge-balanced waveform, and that in an alternate embodiment, pulses can be monophasic or polyphasic. Additional stimulation parameters may specify manners in which pulse trains are applied to selected configurations of elements within the set of [0033] electrodes 140, such as particular electrodes 142 and/or contacts 144, at any given time.
  • As defined herein, a test protocol may define or specify neural stimulation parameters associated with one or more pulse sequences to be applied to a [0034] patient 190 across or within a given test period duration that may include one or more neural stimulation delivery periods and possibly one or more quiescent periods during which the patient 190 receives no neural stimulation. A test protocol may further define or specify a spatial and/or temporal distribution of elements within the set of electrodes 140 to which neural stimulation may be applied during one or more portions of the test period; and corresponding signal polarities corresponding to particular elements within the set of electrodes 140 relative to one or more portions of the test period. Neural stimulation delivered in accordance with a test protocol comprises a test therapy.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for refining, enhancing, or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of PD and/or other neurological disorders according to an embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment, a [0035] method 200 includes an identification procedure 202 that involves identification of one or more patient symptoms to which neural stimulation therapy, possibly in conjunction with one or more adjunctive therapies, may be directed. The method 200 may also include a symptom selection procedure 204 that involves selection or consideration of a first, a next, or an additional subset of patient symptoms to which neural stimulation therapy may be directed. The symptom selection procedure 204 may facilitate initial selection of symptoms expected to rapidly respond to neural stimulation, such as tremor and/or rigidity, followed by selection of other symptoms such as bradykinesia that may respond more slowly.
  • The [0036] method 200 may further include a test protocol management procedure 206 that involves establishing, adjusting, and/or adapting a test protocol that specifies or defines a test therapy intended to be applied to the patient 190 for a given test period. The test protocol may specify or define neural stimulation parameters corresponding to the test therapy, and may also specify parameters corresponding to one or more adjunctive therapies such as drug therapies. The method 200 may additionally include a test delivery procedure 208 that involves application or delivery of the test therapy to the patient 190 in accordance with the test protocol; and an observation procedure 210 that involves observation, monitoring, and/or measuring of patient symptoms at one or more times in association with and/or following the delivery procedure 208. The observation procedure 210 may involve one or more patient monitoring units 180, and/or direct human observation of the patient 190.
  • The [0037] method 200 may further include an evaluation procedure 212 involving determination of an extent to which one or more patient symptoms currently under consideration have improved or changed as a result of the most recently applied test therapy. In a manner analogous to that for the observation procedure 210, the evaluation procedure 212 may involve one or more patient monitoring units 180 and/or direct human evaluation of the patient 190. In the event that further improvement of symptoms currently under consideration is necessary, likely, or possible, the method 200 may return to the test protocol management procedure 206. Alternatively, in the event that additional patient symptoms require consideration, the method 200 may return to the symptom selection procedure 204.
  • In addition to procedures directed toward refining, enhancing, or optimizing an extent to which one or more symptoms can be successfully or adequately treated by neural stimulation (possibly in conjunction with one or more adjunctive therapies), the [0038] method 200 may include an ongoing treatment delivery procedure 218 that involves application of an arrived-at ongoing therapy to the patient in accordance with an ongoing, essentially ongoing, or generally ongoing treatment protocol. The ongoing treatment protocol may correspond to or be based upon a previously considered test protocol, and may involve one or more adjunctive therapies. In particular, the ongoing treatment protocol may be identical or essentially identical to a recently considered test protocol, with the exception that an ongoing treatment duration corresponding to the ongoing treatment protocol may be significantly longer than that of the test period corresponding to such a test therapy.
  • The [0039] method 200 may also include a reevaluation procedure 220 that involves a one-time, occasional, or periodic reevaluation, adjustment, and/or adaptation of a most recent ongoing treatment protocol in view of potential or likely neuroplastic changes, variations in ongoing treatment effectiveness, and/or overall patient health or condition over time. Such reevaluation, adjustment, or adaptation may occur after a predetermined time interval, such as 1 month, several months, or 1 or more years following initiation of an ongoing treatment delivery procedure 218. The reevaluation procedure 220 may be performed on a one-time or repeated basis based upon the judgment of a medical professional.
  • The [0040] reevaluation procedure 220 may itself involve one or more steps of the method 200. Through a reevaluation procedure 220, it may be determined that one or more patient symptoms may be better, successfully, or adequately treated or managed in accordance with a different pulse repetition frequency function; a lower peak intensity or amplitude; less frequent neural stimulation; a modified configuration of elements within the set of electrodes 140 and/or modified signal polarities applied thereto; lower dosage and/or less frequent drug therapy; and/or other variations in or modifications to the ongoing treatment protocol. As further described below with reference to FIG. 6, a reevaluation procedure 220 that indicates that better, successful, or adequate treatment or management of one or more patient symptoms may be achieved with less intense and/or less frequent neural stimulation may be indicative of compensatory, restorative, and/or rehabilitative neuroplastic change within the patient 190.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for establishing, adjusting, or adapting a test protocol according to an embodiment of the invention. Such methods may be used in the test [0041] protocol management procedure 206 of FIG. 3. In one embodiment, a method 300 includes an adjustment procedure 302 that involves adjustment, cessation, or interruption of patient therapies currently in progress as required. Such therapies may comprise neural stimulation and/or one or more adjunctive therapies such as a drug therapy. The method 300 may also include a waiting procedure 304 during which effects of recently adjusted, discontinued, or interrupted therapies are allowed to subside, stabilize, or “wash out.” The waiting procedure 304 may maximize or increase a likelihood that a previously applied therapy has a minimal or negligible effect upon an upcoming test therapy (i.e., no carry-over effects). The method 300 may further include an assessment procedure 306 that involves assessment, qualification, and/or quantification of the severity of one or more patient symptoms, possibly to establish a baseline or reference patient condition.
  • The [0042] method 300 may additionally include a duration establishment procedure 308 that involves determination or definition of a test period duration during which a test therapy may be applied to the patient 190. A test period duration may be short or relatively short, for example, approximately 1 or more minutes or hours, to facilitate efficient determination of the effectiveness of a test protocol upon acute or readily responsive patient symptoms. Alternatively, a test period duration may be relatively long, for example, approximately 1 or more days, weeks, or even months, to facilitate determination of the effectiveness of a test protocol upon patient symptoms having slower or prolonged treatment response characteristics. The method 300 may further include a first test protocol definition procedure 310 that involves determination, selection, and/or specification of neural stimulation parameters that comprise one or more portions of the test protocol. The method 300 may additionally include a second test protocol definition procedure 312 that involves determination or definition of a set of parameters corresponding to one or more adjunctive therapies that may form a portion of the test protocol. Such parameters may include, for example, a drug dosage and delivery schedule.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for determining neural stimulation parameters according to an embodiment of the invention. Such methods may be used in the first test [0043] protocol definition procedure 310 of FIG. 4. In one embodiment, a method 400 includes a delivery period selection procedure 402 that involves determination or selection of a first or next time interval within the current test period that neural stimulation may be delivered to the patient 190. The method 400 may further include a pulse sequence duration procedure 404 that involves selection and/or specification of one or more pulse sequence durations and/or quiescent intervals within and/or between pulse sequences for the neural stimulation delivery period currently under consideration. The method 400 may accommodate multiple pulse sequences, variable types of pulse train sequences, and/or quiescent intervals between pulse sequences to provide enhanced flexibility with respect to establishing test protocols that may be useful for efficiently treating symptoms of various disorders.
  • Relative to treating PD symptoms, stimulation that reduces the output activity of the globus pallidus internalis (GPi) can be highly beneficial. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) research has shown that stimulation delivered to the globus pallidus internalis (GPi) may significantly reduce GPi activity over a period that can last several seconds beyond the termination of such stimulation. For example, a continuous or essentially continuous pulse train lasting 3 seconds may result in reduced or significantly reduced GPi output activity that lasts approximately 1.5 seconds beyond termination of the 3 second pulse train. Delivering or applying neural stimulation to one or more target neural populations having synaptic projections into the GPi or associated neural circuitry such that pulse sequences or pulse trains are separated by one or more appropriate quiescent intervals may therefore maintain or sustain reduced GPi activity while eliminating the need to deliver continuous stimulation. Delivery of neural stimulation in such a manner advantageously reduces power consumption. Thus, a pulse sequence comprising periodic pulse trains lasting approximately 3 seconds separated by quiescent intervals lasting approximately 1.5 seconds may provide significant therapeutic benefit in a power efficient manner. [0044]
  • The [0045] method 400 may additionally include a waveform definition procedure 406 that involves selection and/or specification of a set of waveform parameters that define or describe each pulse sequence currently under consideration. Such waveform characteristics may include a pulse repetition frequency or frequency function, a pulse amplitude decay function, and/or other pulse sequence parameters. Depending upon embodiment details and/or current symptoms under consideration, the pulse repetition frequency may vary within any given pulse sequence, and/or from one pulse sequence to another. By accommodating such variation, the method may facilitate the definition of a test protocol or an arrived-at ongoing treatment protocol that includes multiple pulse repetition frequencies, where particular individual pulse frequencies or pulse frequency subsets may be directed toward maximizing or enhancing the effectiveness of neural stimulation in treating particular PD and/or movement disorder symptoms. As an illustrative example, if (a) a pulse repetition frequency of approximately 25 Hz appears optimal or nearly optimal for treating tremor, (b) a pulse repetition frequency of approximately 30 Hz appears optimal for treating rigidity, and (c) a pulse repetition frequency of approximately 15 Hz appears optimal for treating bradykinesia, then a test protocol or an ongoing treatment protocol may call for neural stimulation that periodically alternates between these pulse repetition frequencies in accordance with given neural stimulation delivery periods and possibly including one or more quiescent periods therebetween. Alternatively, the test protocol or the ongoing treatment protocol may call for neural stimulation that sweeps between 15 and 30 Hz in a continuous or nearly continuous manner.
  • In general, a test protocol may call for neural stimulation having one or more pulse repetition frequencies specified in accordance with a temporal and/or mathematical function that is based upon individual pulse repetition frequencies determined to be optimal or near-optimal for treating particular subsets of patient symptoms. Such a temporal and/or mathematical function may be based upon the nature and/or severity of such symptoms. For example, if the patient's baseline or reference state indicates that the patient experiences tremor in a significantly more severe manner than bradykinesia, a test protocol may call for neural stimulation in which an amount of time spent delivering stimulation optimized or nearly optimized for treating tremor exceeds an amount of time spent delivering stimulation optimized or nearly optimized for treating bradykinesia. Additionally or alternatively, the test protocol may call for neural stimulation having a frequency function that is weighted or biased relative to individually determined frequencies corresponding to particular symptom subsets. Such a test protocol may call for neural stimulation that delivers, for example, a combined frequency of 27 Hz for treating both tremor and rigidity, as well as a pulse repetition frequency of 15 Hz for treating bradykinesia. Furthermore, a test protocol may call for neural stimulation having a pulse repetition frequency function that depends upon one or more treatment response times associated with particular symptoms, and/or one or more time intervals that relief from particular symptoms persists in the absence of neural stimulation. [0046]
  • The [0047] method 400 may further include an electrode element selection procedure 408 that involves identifying or defining a spatial and/or temporal distribution of electrodes 142 and/or contacts 144 to which neural stimulation may be directed during the delivery period under consideration. The electrode element selection procedure 408 may alternatively or additionally select or define signal polarities corresponding to particular electrodes 142 and/or contacts 144 relative to one or more portions of the test period. In the event that a current test period includes more than one delivery period, the method 400 may return to the delivery period selection procedure 402.
  • The [0048] method 400 may also include a threshold determination procedure 412 that involves determination of a minimum or near minimum neural stimulation amplitude or intensity that evokes or induces a given type of patient response, reaction, behavior, and/or sensation. A neural stimulation threshold may be determined by successively applying higher amplitude neural stimulation signals to the patient 190 until an observable or detectable response occurs. Each threshold determination attempt may apply a limited duration neural stimulation signal to the patient 190, for example, a pulse sequence lasting 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 3 seconds, or some other length of time. A waiting, quiescent, or washout period between successive threshold determination attempts, during which the patient 190 receives no neural stimulation, may ensure that each threshold determination attempt is independent or essentially independent of residual effects associated with previously applied signals. A quiescent period may span several seconds to one or more minutes, for example, approximately one minute. In one embodiment, the threshold determination procedure 412 involves determination of a motor, movement, or motion threshold through motion detection techniques and/or visual observation. In another embodiment, the threshold determination procedure 412 may involve determination of an EMG threshold and/or another type of neural stimulation threshold.
  • The [0049] method 400 may further include an amplitude determination procedure 414 that involves determination or selection of peak or average amplitudes or intensities corresponding to the set of pulse sequences defined or specified within the current test period based upon the results or outcome of the threshold determination procedure 412. Depending upon embodiment details, a peak pulse sequence amplitude may be defined as a given percentage of a neural stimulation threshold, for example, 50% of a movement threshold or 70% of an EMG threshold. In some embodiments, different pulse sequences within a delivery period or test period may have different peak amplitudes.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating various methods for modifying, adjusting, or adapting neural stimulation therapy in view of a likelihood or possibility of a lasting or long term neuroplastic change occurring within a [0050] patient 190 over time. Such methods may involve the reevaluation procedure 220 and/or other procedures described above with in association with FIG. 3. The propensity of a given neural population to undergo neuroplastic change may depend upon the application of an initial neural stimulation regimen to the neural population in a particular manner, such as a continuous, generally continuous, or frequent manner over a given or minimum amount of time. This may in turn facilitate or effectuate initiation and reinforcement of chemical and/or structural adaptations or changes in the neural population and/or neural circuitry associated therewith, thereby “priming” the neural population to accept and/or maintain long term or lasting neuroplastic change.
  • As an illustrative example, depending upon symptom type and severity, effective or generally effective treatment of PD or other movement disorder symptoms may initially require continuous, essentially continuous, or nearly continuous neural stimulation for a neuroplastic priming period of approximately one month. After such a neuroplastic priming period, however, effective treatment of one or more symptoms may require stimulation for a limited number of hours per day, such as during the patient's normal waking hours. Alternatively, effective treatment may require continuous stimulation for approximately 30 minutes, after which treatment may be interrupted for approximately 30 minutes, and so on. In another embodiment, the stimulation can be applied on a twenty four hour basis for an initial period and then on a reduced basis for a subsequent period. The stimulation, for example, can be applied all throughout each day for an initial period of approximately one month, and then it can be applied only during waking hours after the initial period. This is expected to provide sufficient results in many situations and conserve battery life. [0051]
  • One [0052] method 500 for modifying, adjusting, or adapting neural stimulation therapy in view of a likelihood or possibility of a lasting or long term neuroplastic change may include a first stimulation optimization or refinement procedure 502 that involves determination of a continuous neural stimulation protocol for treating one or more patient symptoms. The method 500 may further include a continuous stimulation procedure 504 that involves delivery or application of neural stimulation to the patient 190 in accordance with the continuous neural stimulation protocol for a predetermined time period, for example, one or more weeks or one or more months. The predetermined time period may correspond to an expected or likely neuroplastic priming period. The method 500 may additionally include a second stimulation optimization or refinement procedure 506 that involves determination of a noncontinuous and/or periodically interrupted neural stimulation protocol for treating patient symptoms under consideration. The method 500 may also include a noncontinuous or interrupted stimulation procedure that involves delivery of noncontinuous and/or interrupted neural stimulation to the patient 190 in accordance with the noncontinuous and/or interrupted neural stimulation protocol. The first and/or second stimulation optimization or refinement procedures 502, 506 may include or encompass one or more procedures described above in association with FIG. 3. Additionally, the second stimulation optimization or refinement procedure 506 may be repeated following application of noncontinuous or interrupted stimulation to the patient 190 for a given amount of time.
  • From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims. [0053]

Claims (16)

We claim:
1. A method for treating a set of symptoms corresponding to a neurological disorder exhibited by a patient, comprising:
determining a first set of neural stimulation parameters capable of treating a first subset of symptoms;
determining a second set of neural stimulation parameters capable of treating a second subset of symptoms; and
applying a neural stimulation therapy based upon the first set of neural stimulation parameters and the second set of neural stimulation parameters to the patient.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of neural stimulation parameters defines a first frequency and the second set of neural stimulation parameters defines a second frequency.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the neural stimulation therapy defines a frequency function that includes the first and the second frequencies.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the neural stimulation therapy defines a frequency function that sweeps between the first and the second frequencies.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first subset of symptoms responds to neural stimulation more rapidly than the second subset of symptoms.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising positioning a set of electrodes with respect to a target neural population within the patient.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one electrode within the set of electrodes is configured to deliver neural stimulation therapy to a cortical region within the patient.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cortical region corresponds to a neural population that facilitates control of at least one type of patient movement.
9. A method for treating a set of symptoms corresponding to a neurological disorder exhibited by a patient, comprising:
applying a first neural stimulation signal having a first frequency to the patient to treat a first subset of symptoms; and
applying a second neural stimulation signal having a second frequency to the patient to treat a second subset of symptoms.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first neural stimulation signal is applied during a first time interval and the second neural stimulation signal is applied during a second time interval.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first and second time intervals depend upon a severity of the first subset of symptoms relative to the second subset of symptoms.
12. A method for treating a set of symptoms corresponding to a neurological disorder exhibited by a patient, comprising:
applying a first neural stimulation therapy to the patient in a continuous or generally continuous manner during a first time interval; and
applying a second neural stimulation therapy to the patient in a noncontinuous or interrupted manner following the first time interval,
wherein the second neural stimulation therapy provides an extent of relief from a subset of patient symptoms that is acceptable relative to an extent of relief from the subset of patient symptoms provided by the first neural stimulation therapy.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first time interval is greater than approximately one week.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first time interval is approximately one month.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the second neural stimulation therapy comprises continuous or generally continuous neural stimulation during the patient's waking hours.
16. A method for treating a set of symptoms corresponding to a neurological disorder exhibited by a patient, comprising:
applying a first neural stimulation therapy to the patient in a continuous or generally continuous manner during a first time interval; and
applying a second neural stimulation therapy to the patient in a noncontinuous or interrupted manner following the first time interval,
wherein the second neural stimulation therapy provides an extent of relief from a subset of patient symptoms that is generally identical to an extent of relief from the subset of patient symptoms provided by the first neural stimulation therapy.
US10/317,002 2002-11-01 2002-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders Expired - Lifetime US7236830B2 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/317,002 US7236830B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
PCT/US2003/039596 WO2004052183A2 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
CA002508827A CA2508827A1 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
AU2003293541A AU2003293541B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
EP03790492A EP1569714A4 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US10/782,526 US7353064B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2004-02-19 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of movement disorders and/or other neurologic dysfunction
US11/634,523 US20070112393A1 (en) 2002-12-10 2006-12-04 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US12/843,766 US20100292754A1 (en) 2002-12-10 2010-07-26 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US13/297,688 US9427585B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2011-11-16 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinsons disease and or other movement disorders
US15/250,240 US10004901B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2016-08-29 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/317,002 US7236830B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/782,526 Continuation-In-Part US7353064B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2004-02-19 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of movement disorders and/or other neurologic dysfunction
US11/634,523 Continuation US20070112393A1 (en) 2002-11-01 2006-12-04 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040111127A1 true US20040111127A1 (en) 2004-06-10
US7236830B2 US7236830B2 (en) 2007-06-26

Family

ID=32468920

Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/317,002 Expired - Lifetime US7236830B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2002-12-10 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US10/782,526 Expired - Fee Related US7353064B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2004-02-19 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of movement disorders and/or other neurologic dysfunction
US11/634,523 Abandoned US20070112393A1 (en) 2002-11-01 2006-12-04 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US12/843,766 Abandoned US20100292754A1 (en) 2002-11-01 2010-07-26 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US13/297,688 Expired - Fee Related US9427585B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2011-11-16 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinsons disease and or other movement disorders
US15/250,240 Expired - Lifetime US10004901B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2016-08-29 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders

Family Applications After (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/782,526 Expired - Fee Related US7353064B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2004-02-19 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of movement disorders and/or other neurologic dysfunction
US11/634,523 Abandoned US20070112393A1 (en) 2002-11-01 2006-12-04 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US12/843,766 Abandoned US20100292754A1 (en) 2002-11-01 2010-07-26 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US13/297,688 Expired - Fee Related US9427585B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2011-11-16 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinsons disease and or other movement disorders
US15/250,240 Expired - Lifetime US10004901B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2016-08-29 Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (6) US7236830B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1569714A4 (en)
AU (1) AU2003293541B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2508827A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004052183A2 (en)

Cited By (56)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040088024A1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2004-05-06 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US20040158298A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2004-08-12 Gliner Bradford Evan Systems and methods for automatically optimizing stimulus parameters and electrode configurations for neuro-stimulators
US20050021105A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a change in a neural-function of a patient
US20050021118A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Chris Genau Apparatuses and systems for applying electrical stimulation to a patient
US20050274589A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-12-15 Vanderlande Industries Nederland B.V. Device for sorting products
US20060167529A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2006-07-27 Schecter Stuart O Method and algorithm for defining the pathologic state from a plurality of intrinsically and extrinsically derived signals
US20070088404A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-04-19 Allen Wyler Methods and systems for improving neural functioning, including cognitive functioning and neglect disorders
US20070135860A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2007-06-14 Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh Device for treating patients by brain stimulation, electronic component and use of the device and electronic component in medicine and medical treatment method
WO2008073420A2 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Systems and methods for treating patient hypertonicity
US20080172103A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-17 Vanderbilt University Methods and system for brain stimulation
US20080195163A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2008-08-14 Friederike Scharmer Electromedical Implantable or Extracorporeally Applicable Device For the Treatment or Monitoring of Organs, and Method For Therapeutic Organ Treatment
US20090030332A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2009-01-29 Schecter Stuart O microfabricated cardiac sensor with tactile feedback and method and apparatus for calibrating the same using a plurality of signals
US20090163458A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2009-06-25 Ellis L Kline Compositions and methods for treating Parkinson's disease and related disorders
US20090264957A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Analyzing a washout period characteristic for psychiatric disorder therapy delivery
US20090264956A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Psychiatric disorder therapy control
US20090264967A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Timing therapy evaluation trials
US7684866B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2010-03-23 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Apparatus and methods for applying neural stimulation to a patient
US7729773B2 (en) 2005-10-19 2010-06-01 Advanced Neuromodualation Systems, Inc. Neural stimulation and optical monitoring systems and methods
US7742820B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2010-06-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
US7756584B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2010-07-13 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US7831305B2 (en) 2001-10-15 2010-11-09 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Neural stimulation system and method responsive to collateral neural activity
US20100312129A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2010-12-09 Schecter Stuart O Cardiovascular haptic handle system
WO2011013041A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. System and method for deep brain stimulation
US20110137371A1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2011-06-09 Medtronic, Inc. Selecting therapy cycle parameters based on monitored brain signal
US7983762B2 (en) 2004-07-15 2011-07-19 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for enhancing or affecting neural stimulation efficiency and/or efficacy
WO2011098937A1 (en) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method and system for determining settings for deep brain stimulation
US8065012B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2011-11-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US8126568B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2012-02-28 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrode geometries for efficient neural stimulation
US20120101366A1 (en) * 2009-06-17 2012-04-26 Nexstim Oy Magnetic stimulation device and method
CN102548610A (en) * 2009-09-10 2012-07-04 里斯比卡迪亚公司 Respiratory rectification
US8433414B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2013-04-30 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing the likelihood of inducing collateral neural activity during neural stimulation threshold test procedures
US8565886B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2013-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Arousal state modulation with electrical stimulation
US20140074180A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 Dustin A. Heldman Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US20140074179A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 Dustin A Heldman Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods, and intelligent methods of tuning
US8706181B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2014-04-22 Medtronic, Inc. Target therapy delivery site selection
US8718777B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2014-05-06 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and systems for intracranial neurostimulation and/or sensing
US20150005568A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2015-01-01 California Institute Of Technology Remote activation of the midbrain by transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex
US8929991B2 (en) 2005-10-19 2015-01-06 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods for establishing parameters for neural stimulation, including via performance of working memory tasks, and associated kits
US8942828B1 (en) 2011-04-13 2015-01-27 Stuart Schecter, LLC Minimally invasive cardiovascular support system with true haptic coupling
US20150242580A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-08-27 Medicalcue, Inc. Systems and methods for point of care guidance
US20160022168A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 University Of Lethbridge Brain state dependent therapy for improved neural training and rehabilitation
US9427585B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2016-08-30 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinsons disease and or other movement disorders
CN106139396A (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-11-23 清华大学 A kind of implanted electric pulse stimulation system
EP2968945A4 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-11-30 Univ Duke Systems and methods for applying electrical stimulation for optimizing spinal cord stimulation
US9724521B2 (en) 2015-04-09 2017-08-08 Medtronic, Inc. Frequency based therapy generation
US10013082B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2018-07-03 Stuart Schecter, LLC Operating system with haptic interface for minimally invasive, hand-held surgical instrument
US20180304082A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2018-10-25 Medtronic, Inc. Movement disorder symptom control
US10758732B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2020-09-01 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy and brain mapping system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US10864368B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2020-12-15 Medtronic, Inc. Adaptive deep brain stimulation using homeostatic window
US11103708B2 (en) 2016-06-01 2021-08-31 Duke University Systems and methods for determining optimal temporal patterns of neural stimulation
US11123565B1 (en) 2016-10-31 2021-09-21 Nevro Corp. Treatment of neurodegenerative disease with high frequency stimulation, and associated systems and methods
US11123549B1 (en) 2017-09-08 2021-09-21 Nevro Corp. Electrical therapy applied to the brain with increased efficacy and/or decreased undesirable side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11185687B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2021-11-30 Berlin Heals Gmbh Electromedical implantable or extracorporeally applicable device for the treatment or monitoring of organs, and methods for therapeutic organ treatment
US11266849B2 (en) * 2017-12-12 2022-03-08 Eb Neuro S.P.A. Control device and a machine for interactive cerebral and bodily navigation with real-time anatomical display and control functions
US11565114B2 (en) * 2015-09-21 2023-01-31 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Automated program optimization
US11975195B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2024-05-07 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Artificial intelligence systems for quantifying movement disorder symptoms and adjusting treatment based on symptom quantification

Families Citing this family (230)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7062330B1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2006-06-13 Boveja Birinder R Electrical stimulation adjunct (Add-ON) therapy for urinary incontinence and urological disorders using implanted lead stimulus-receiver and an external pulse generator
US20060217782A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2006-09-28 Boveja Birinder R Method and system for cortical stimulation to provide adjunct (ADD-ON) therapy for stroke, tinnitus and other medical disorders using implantable and external components
CA2425276C (en) * 2000-10-20 2013-12-10 Abraham Zangen Coil for magnetic stimulation and methods for using the same
US7167750B2 (en) 2003-02-03 2007-01-23 Enteromedics, Inc. Obesity treatment with electrically induced vagal down regulation
EP1651106A4 (en) * 2003-07-09 2009-05-27 Medical Technologies Unltd Inc Comprehensive neuromuscular profiler
EP1694403A2 (en) * 2003-11-20 2006-08-30 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrical stimulation system, lead, and method providing reduced neuroplasticity effects
US20060069415A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2006-03-30 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrical stimulation system, lead, and method providing modified reduced neuroplasticity effect
US9050469B1 (en) 2003-11-26 2015-06-09 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Method and system for logging quantitative seizure information and assessing efficacy of therapy using cardiac signals
US7520848B2 (en) * 2004-04-09 2009-04-21 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Robotic apparatus for targeting and producing deep, focused transcranial magnetic stimulation
US8052591B2 (en) 2006-05-05 2011-11-08 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Trajectory-based deep-brain stereotactic transcranial magnetic stimulation
WO2005107859A1 (en) * 2004-05-04 2005-11-17 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Methods of treating medical conditions by neuromodulation of the cerebellar pathways
US7725196B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2010-05-25 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Corpus callosum neuromodulation assembly
WO2005107856A2 (en) * 2004-05-04 2005-11-17 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Methods of treating neurological conditions by neuromodulation of interhemispheric fibers
US8862235B1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2014-10-14 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Brain implant device
US7346382B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2008-03-18 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Brain stimulation models, systems, devices, and methods
US20110307030A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2011-12-15 Michael Sasha John Methods for Evaluating and Selecting Electrode Sites of a Brain Network to Treat Brain Disorders
US8565867B2 (en) 2005-01-28 2013-10-22 Cyberonics, Inc. Changeable electrode polarity stimulation by an implantable medical device
US8260426B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2012-09-04 Cyberonics, Inc. Method, apparatus and system for bipolar charge utilization during stimulation by an implantable medical device
US9314633B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2016-04-19 Cyberonics, Inc. Contingent cardio-protection for epilepsy patients
US8187209B1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2012-05-29 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc Movement disorder monitoring system and method
US7933645B2 (en) * 2005-03-31 2011-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Use of EEG to measure cerebral changes during computer-based motion sickness-inducing tasks
US7976451B2 (en) * 2005-06-16 2011-07-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Transcranial magnetic stimulation system and methods
US7996079B2 (en) 2006-01-24 2011-08-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Input response override for an implantable medical device
US7657310B2 (en) * 2006-01-26 2010-02-02 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of reproductive endocrine disorders by vagus nerve stimulation
EP3069752B1 (en) 2006-03-29 2018-03-28 Dignity Health Microburst electrical stimulation of cranial nerves for the treatment of medical conditions
US7962220B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2011-06-14 Cyberonics, Inc. Compensation reduction in tissue stimulation therapy
US7869885B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2011-01-11 Cyberonics, Inc Threshold optimization for tissue stimulation therapy
US9352167B2 (en) 2006-05-05 2016-05-31 Rio Grande Neurosciences, Inc. Enhanced spatial summation for deep-brain transcranial magnetic stimulation
US8267850B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2012-09-18 Cervel Neurotech, Inc. Transcranial magnet stimulation of deep brain targets
WO2008033792A2 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-20 Neuroquest Therapeutics Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for movement disorders
US7869867B2 (en) 2006-10-27 2011-01-11 Cyberonics, Inc. Implantable neurostimulator with refractory stimulation
ES2550960T3 (en) * 2007-02-01 2015-11-13 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Neurostimulation system to measure the activity of a patient
US8224436B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2012-07-17 Cardiac Research, Inc. Unidirectional neural stimulation systems, devices and methods
US7974701B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2011-07-05 Cyberonics, Inc. Dosing limitation for an implantable medical device
US8956274B2 (en) * 2007-08-05 2015-02-17 Cervel Neurotech, Inc. Transcranial magnetic stimulation field shaping
WO2009055634A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Neostim Inc. Intra-session control of transcranial magnetic stimulation
WO2009020938A1 (en) * 2007-08-05 2009-02-12 Neostim, Inc. Monophasic multi-coil arrays for trancranial magnetic stimulation
US20100185042A1 (en) * 2007-08-05 2010-07-22 Schneider M Bret Control and coordination of transcranial magnetic stimulation electromagnets for modulation of deep brain targets
WO2009023680A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2009-02-19 Neostim, Inc. Gantry and switches for position-based triggering of tms pulses in moving coils
EP2183025B1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2017-07-05 Cervel Neurotech, Inc. Firing patterns for deep brain transcranial magnetic stimulation
US20100331602A1 (en) * 2007-09-09 2010-12-30 Mishelevich David J Focused magnetic fields
US8380314B2 (en) 2007-09-26 2013-02-19 Medtronic, Inc. Patient directed therapy control
EP2207590A1 (en) * 2007-09-26 2010-07-21 Medtronic, INC. Therapy program selection
US20090264789A1 (en) * 2007-09-26 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Therapy program selection
WO2009049068A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-16 Neostim, Inc. Display of modeled magnetic fields
EP2211986B1 (en) 2007-10-16 2013-11-20 Medtronic, Inc. Therapy control based on a patient movement state
US20090105786A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-23 University Of Washington Method and device for strengthening synaptic connections
US20100286468A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2010-11-11 David J Mishelevich Transcranial magnetic stimulation with protection of magnet-adjacent structures
US9179850B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2015-11-10 Neuropace, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for a skull/brain interface
US20090112278A1 (en) 2007-10-30 2009-04-30 Neuropace, Inc. Systems, Methods and Devices for a Skull/Brain Interface
JP4488057B2 (en) * 2007-11-09 2010-06-23 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Active matrix device, electro-optical display device, and electronic apparatus
US9089707B2 (en) 2008-07-02 2015-07-28 The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Systems, methods and devices for paired plasticity
US8457757B2 (en) * 2007-11-26 2013-06-04 Micro Transponder, Inc. Implantable transponder systems and methods
WO2009070697A2 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-06-04 Micro Transponder Inc. Implantable transponder systems and methods
US8849407B1 (en) 2008-01-04 2014-09-30 Yuri P. Danilov Non-invasive neuromodulation (NINM) for rehabilitation of brain function
US8337404B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2012-12-25 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Detecting, quantifying, and/or classifying seizures using multimodal data
WO2009094050A1 (en) 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 Medtronic, Inc. Sleep stage detection
US8382667B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2013-02-26 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Detecting, quantifying, and/or classifying seizures using multimodal data
US8571643B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2013-10-29 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Detecting or validating a detection of a state change from a template of heart rate derivative shape or heart beat wave complex
US9220889B2 (en) 2008-02-11 2015-12-29 Intelect Medical, Inc. Directional electrode devices with locating features
US8019440B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2011-09-13 Intelect Medical, Inc. Directional lead assembly
US9186502B2 (en) * 2008-02-14 2015-11-17 Enteromedics Inc. Treatment of excess weight by neural downregulation in combination with compositions
US10688303B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2020-06-23 Medtronic, Inc. Therapy target selection for psychiatric disorder therapy
US8204603B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2012-06-19 Cyberonics, Inc. Blocking exogenous action potentials by an implantable medical device
US9272153B2 (en) 2008-05-15 2016-03-01 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation VOA generation system and method using a fiber specific analysis
US8155750B2 (en) * 2008-07-24 2012-04-10 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation System and method for avoiding, reversing, and managing neurological accommodation to electrical stimulation
CN102186433B (en) 2008-10-01 2014-12-10 S·华 System and method for wire-guided pedicle screw stabilization of spinal vertebrae
US8923981B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2014-12-30 Duke University Non-regular electrical stimulation patterns designed with a cost function for treating neurological disorders
US8798755B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2014-08-05 Duke University Non-regular electrical stimulation patterns for treating neurological disorders
US11013924B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2021-05-25 Duke University Non-regular electrical stimulation patterns for treating neurological disorders
US9802046B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2017-10-31 Duke University Non-regular electrical stimulation patterns for improved efficiency in treating Parkinson's Disease
CA3099328C (en) 2008-10-03 2023-01-03 Duke University Non-regular electrical stimulation patterns for treating neurological disorders
US9662502B2 (en) 2008-10-14 2017-05-30 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Method and system for tuning of movement disorder therapy devices
US11786730B1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2023-10-17 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Method and system for tuning of movement disorder therapy devices
US10966652B1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2021-04-06 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Method and system for quantifying movement disorder systems
US9393418B2 (en) * 2011-06-03 2016-07-19 Great Lakes Neuro Technologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods of tuning
US8457747B2 (en) 2008-10-20 2013-06-04 Cyberonics, Inc. Neurostimulation with signal duration determined by a cardiac cycle
US8417344B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2013-04-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Dynamic cranial nerve stimulation based on brain state determination from cardiac data
US20100114237A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Medtronic, Inc. Mood circuit monitoring to control therapy delivery
US8255057B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2012-08-28 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US8795148B2 (en) * 2009-10-26 2014-08-05 Cervel Neurotech, Inc. Sub-motor-threshold stimulation of deep brain targets using transcranial magnetic stimulation
US9180305B2 (en) * 2008-12-11 2015-11-10 Yeda Research & Development Co. Ltd. At The Weizmann Institute Of Science Systems and methods for controlling electric field pulse parameters using transcranial magnetic stimulation
EP2384223A4 (en) 2009-01-07 2014-06-18 Cervel Neurotech Inc Shaped coils for transcranial magnetic stimulation
US20100185256A1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2010-07-22 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Methods and systems for establishing, adjusting, and/or modulating parameters for neural stimulation based on functional and/or structural measurements
US20100191304A1 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Scott Timothy L Implantable Medical Device for Providing Chronic Condition Therapy and Acute Condition Therapy Using Vagus Nerve Stimulation
AU2010221136B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2015-08-13 Eneura, Inc. Method and apparatus to record and analyze TMS treatments and results
ES2942684T3 (en) 2009-04-22 2023-06-05 Nevro Corp Spinal cord modulation systems to induce paresthetic and anesthetic effects
US8239028B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2012-08-07 Cyberonics, Inc. Use of cardiac parameters in methods and systems for treating a chronic medical condition
US8827912B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2014-09-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting epileptic events using NNXX, optionally with nonlinear analysis parameters
US20110028859A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Neuropace, Inc. Methods, Systems and Devices for Monitoring a Target in a Neural System and Facilitating or Controlling a Cell Therapy
CA2772330A1 (en) 2009-08-27 2011-03-03 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method to estimate region of tissue activation
US9770204B2 (en) 2009-11-11 2017-09-26 Medtronic, Inc. Deep brain stimulation for sleep and movement disorders
WO2011068997A1 (en) 2009-12-02 2011-06-09 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Reversing cognitive-motor impairments in patients having a neuro-degenerative disease using a computational modeling approach to deep brain stimulation programming
WO2011084788A2 (en) 2009-12-21 2011-07-14 Sherwin Hua Insertion of medical devices through non-orthogonal and orthogonal trajectories within the cranium and methods of using
US20110160797A1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2011-06-30 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Methods to concurrently stimulate different brain targets
JP5802218B2 (en) * 2009-12-30 2015-10-28 ボストン サイエンティフィック ニューロモデュレイション コーポレイション System and method for independently operating multiple neural stimulation channels
US9044606B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2015-06-02 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and devices for activating brown adipose tissue using electrical energy
US8099170B2 (en) * 2010-03-19 2012-01-17 Medtronic, Inc. Electrical stimulation based on phase response mapping
US8649871B2 (en) 2010-04-29 2014-02-11 Cyberonics, Inc. Validity test adaptive constraint modification for cardiac data used for detection of state changes
US8562536B2 (en) 2010-04-29 2013-10-22 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Algorithm for detecting a seizure from cardiac data
US8831732B2 (en) 2010-04-29 2014-09-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Method, apparatus and system for validating and quantifying cardiac beat data quality
EP3305363A1 (en) 2010-05-27 2018-04-11 Ndi Medical, LLC Waveform shapes for treating neurological disorders optimized for energy efficiency
US8825164B2 (en) 2010-06-11 2014-09-02 Enteromedics Inc. Neural modulation devices and methods
JP5830090B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2015-12-09 ボストン サイエンティフィック ニューロモデュレイション コーポレイション Programming interface for spinal nerve regulation
US8679009B2 (en) 2010-06-15 2014-03-25 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Systems approach to comorbidity assessment
US10085689B1 (en) 2010-06-18 2018-10-02 Great Lakes NeuroTechnolgies Inc. Device and method for monitoring and assessment of movement disorder symptoms
US8447406B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2013-05-21 Medtronic, Inc. Medical method and device for monitoring a neural brain network
US9492679B2 (en) 2010-07-16 2016-11-15 Rio Grande Neurosciences, Inc. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for altering susceptibility of tissue to pharmaceuticals and radiation
US8641646B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2014-02-04 Cyberonics, Inc. Seizure detection using coordinate data
US9211411B2 (en) 2010-08-26 2015-12-15 Medtronic, Inc. Therapy for rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD)
US8562523B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-10-22 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Detecting, assessing and managing extreme epileptic events
US8562524B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-10-22 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Detecting, assessing and managing a risk of death in epilepsy
US8684921B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2014-04-01 Flint Hills Scientific Llc Detecting, assessing and managing epilepsy using a multi-variate, metric-based classification analysis
US9504390B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2016-11-29 Globalfoundries Inc. Detecting, assessing and managing a risk of death in epilepsy
EP2691900A2 (en) 2011-03-29 2014-02-05 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation System and method for image registration
US8725239B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2014-05-13 Cyberonics, Inc. Identifying seizures using heart rate decrease
US9402550B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2016-08-02 Cybertronics, Inc. Dynamic heart rate threshold for neurological event detection
US9592389B2 (en) 2011-05-27 2017-03-14 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Visualization of relevant stimulation leadwire electrodes relative to selected stimulation information
EP2742450A2 (en) 2011-08-09 2014-06-18 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for stimulation-related volume analysis, creation, and sharing
AU2012304370B2 (en) 2011-09-08 2016-01-28 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9271864B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2016-03-01 Feinstein Patents Llc Orthosis for range of motion, muscular and neurologic rehabilitation of the lower extremities
WO2013052180A2 (en) 2011-10-05 2013-04-11 University Of Kansas Methods and associated neural prosthetic devices for bridging brain areas to improve function
US9549677B2 (en) 2011-10-14 2017-01-24 Flint Hills Scientific, L.L.C. Seizure detection methods, apparatus, and systems using a wavelet transform maximum modulus algorithm
FI20116085L (en) * 2011-11-03 2013-05-04 Nexstim Oy Method and apparatus for determining the effects of transcranial stimulation of the brain
CA2851551A1 (en) * 2011-10-14 2013-04-18 Nexstim Oy Method and apparatus for approximating effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation to a brain
US9314609B2 (en) * 2011-10-28 2016-04-19 Martin Brown Device for providing electrical stimulation of a human knee
US10448839B2 (en) 2012-04-23 2019-10-22 Livanova Usa, Inc. Methods, systems and apparatuses for detecting increased risk of sudden death
WO2014025624A1 (en) 2012-08-04 2014-02-13 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Techniques and methods for storing and transferring registration, atlas, and lead information between medical devices
WO2014036075A1 (en) 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Point-and-click programming for deep brain stimulation using real-time monopolar review trendlines
US11844945B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2023-12-19 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods of remotely tuning
US9289603B1 (en) 2012-09-10 2016-03-22 Great Lakes Neuro Technologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods, and methods of remotely tuning
US9792412B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2017-10-17 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for VOA model generation and use
BR112015017042B1 (en) * 2013-01-21 2022-03-03 Cala Health, Inc Device to treat tremor
US10220211B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2019-03-05 Livanova Usa, Inc. Methods and systems to diagnose depression
EP2950880A4 (en) * 2013-01-29 2017-06-14 National ICT Australia Limited Neuroprosthetic stimulation
US9056195B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-06-16 Cyberonics, Inc. Optimization of cranial nerve stimulation to treat seizure disorderse during sleep
EP2999515A4 (en) * 2013-05-22 2016-10-05 Deep Brain Innovations LLC Deep brain stimulator and method of use
US9895539B1 (en) 2013-06-10 2018-02-20 Nevro Corp. Methods and systems for disease treatment using electrical stimulation
WO2015100306A1 (en) 2013-12-23 2015-07-02 Deep Brain Innovations LLC Programming systems for deep brain stimulator system
CA2857555A1 (en) * 2014-04-01 2015-10-01 William F. Stubbeman Method and system for therapeutic brain stimulation using electromagnetic pulses
US9585611B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2017-03-07 Cyberonics, Inc. Detecting seizures based on heartbeat data
US9302109B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2016-04-05 Cyberonics, Inc. Cranial nerve stimulation to treat depression during sleep
EP3148640B1 (en) 2014-06-02 2024-01-24 Cala Health, Inc. Systems for peripheral nerve stimulation to treat tremor
US9959388B2 (en) 2014-07-24 2018-05-01 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems, devices, and methods for providing electrical stimulation therapy feedback
US10265528B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2019-04-23 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for electrical stimulation-related patient population volume analysis and use
US10272247B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2019-04-30 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for stimulation-related volume analysis, creation, and sharing with integrated surgical planning and stimulation programming
US9974959B2 (en) 2014-10-07 2018-05-22 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems, devices, and methods for electrical stimulation using feedback to adjust stimulation parameters
USD751213S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-08 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750264S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750267S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD752766S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-29 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9227051B1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-01-05 Neurohabilitation Corporation Devices for delivering non-invasive neuromodulation to a patient
US9272133B1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-01 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD750794S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-01 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9283377B1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-15 Neurohabilitation Corporation Devices for delivering non-invasive neuromodulation to a patient
USD751722S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-15 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750266S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9072889B1 (en) 2014-12-03 2015-07-07 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD753316S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-04-05 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9993640B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2018-06-12 Neurohabilitation Corporation Devices for delivering non-invasive neuromodulation to a patient
USD752236S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-22 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9415210B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-08-16 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD749746S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-16 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9656060B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-05-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
US9616222B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-04-11 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
US9415209B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-08-16 Neurohabilitation Corporation Methods of manufacturing devices for the neurorehabilitation of a patient
US9981127B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2018-05-29 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems and methods for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
USD760397S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-06-28 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750265S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD751214S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-03-08 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD759830S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-06-21 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD750268S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-02-23 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
USD753315S1 (en) 2014-12-03 2016-04-05 Neurohabilitation Corporation Non-invasive neurostimulation device
US9789306B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-10-17 Neurohabilitation Corporation Systems and methods for providing non-invasive neurorehabilitation of a patient
US10080884B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-09-25 Ethicon Llc Methods and devices for activating brown adipose tissue using electrical energy
US10092738B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-10-09 Ethicon Llc Methods and devices for inhibiting nerves when activating brown adipose tissue
US10596379B2 (en) 2015-02-16 2020-03-24 Newronika S.r.l. Apparatus and method for treating neurological disorders
DE102015104614A1 (en) 2015-03-26 2016-09-29 Med-El Elektromedizinische Geräte GmbH Apparatus and method for electrical stimulation using a cochlear implant
US10456059B2 (en) * 2015-04-06 2019-10-29 Forest Devices, Inc. Neuorological condition detection unit and method of using the same
US9956419B2 (en) 2015-05-26 2018-05-01 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for analyzing electrical stimulation and selecting or manipulating volumes of activation
US10780283B2 (en) 2015-05-26 2020-09-22 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for analyzing electrical stimulation and selecting or manipulating volumes of activation
CA2988586A1 (en) 2015-06-10 2016-12-15 Cala Health, Inc. Neuromodulation system for peripheral nerve stimulation with detachable therapy unit
WO2017003946A1 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for selecting stimulation parameters based on stimulation target region, effects, or side effects
ES2940303T3 (en) 2015-06-29 2023-05-05 Boston Scient Neuromodulation Corp Stimulation parameter selection systems by use of targets and direction
CN107925829B (en) * 2015-09-01 2020-05-15 Med-El电气医疗器械有限公司 Stimulation rate and location matched to instantaneous frequency
US10675468B2 (en) * 2015-09-18 2020-06-09 Medtronic, Inc. Electrical stimulation therapy for inducing patient sensations
US10300282B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-05-28 Medtronic, Inc. Electrical stimulation therapy for inducing patient sensations
CN108348746B (en) 2015-09-23 2021-10-12 卡拉健康公司 System and method for peripheral nerve stimulation in fingers or hands to treat hand tremor
EP3359252B1 (en) 2015-10-09 2020-09-09 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation System and methods for clinical effects mapping for directional stimulations leads
US11318310B1 (en) 2015-10-26 2022-05-03 Nevro Corp. Neuromodulation for altering autonomic functions, and associated systems and methods
CN108778411B (en) 2016-01-21 2022-06-03 卡拉健康公司 Systems, methods, and devices for peripheral neuromodulation for treating diseases associated with overactive bladder
CN109310865B (en) 2016-01-25 2022-09-13 内弗洛公司 Electrostimulation treatment of congestive heart failure, and associated systems and methods
US10716942B2 (en) 2016-04-25 2020-07-21 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation System and methods for directional steering of electrical stimulation
AU2017281934B2 (en) 2016-06-24 2019-11-14 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for visual analytics of clinical effects
JP7077297B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2022-05-30 カラ ヘルス,インコーポレイテッド Systems and methods for stimulating N nerves with strictly N electrodes and improved drywall
WO2018044881A1 (en) 2016-09-02 2018-03-08 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for visualizing and directing stimulation of neural elements
US10780282B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2020-09-22 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for steering electrical stimulation of patient tissue and determining stimulation parameters
EP3493876B1 (en) 2016-10-14 2021-03-17 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems for closed-loop determination of stimulation parameter settings for an electrical simulation system
JP6834005B2 (en) 2017-01-03 2021-02-24 ボストン サイエンティフィック ニューロモデュレイション コーポレイション Systems and methods for selecting MRI-matched stimulus parameters
WO2018132334A1 (en) 2017-01-10 2018-07-19 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for creating stimulation programs based on user-defined areas or volumes
US10625082B2 (en) 2017-03-15 2020-04-21 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Visualization of deep brain stimulation efficacy
EP4252653A3 (en) * 2017-03-28 2023-12-06 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) EPFL-TTO A neurostimulation system for central nervous stimulation (cns) and peripheral nervous stimulation (pns)
US11357986B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2022-06-14 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for estimating a volume of activation using a compressed database of threshold values
WO2018187241A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Cala Health, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for peripheral neuromodulation for treating diseases related to overactive bladder
EP3651849B1 (en) 2017-07-14 2023-05-31 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Estimating clinical effects of electrical stimulation
US10960214B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2021-03-30 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for controlling electrical stimulation using multiple stimulation fields
US11491325B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2022-11-08 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated Stimulating spinal cord motor neurons using electrical signals
EP3684463A4 (en) 2017-09-19 2021-06-23 Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC Method and apparatus for neuroenhancement
US11717686B2 (en) 2017-12-04 2023-08-08 Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC Method and apparatus for neuroenhancement to facilitate learning and performance
WO2019133997A1 (en) 2017-12-31 2019-07-04 Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC System and method for neuroenhancement to enhance emotional response
WO2019143790A1 (en) 2018-01-17 2019-07-25 Cala Health, Inc. Systems and methods for treating inflammatory bowel disease through peripheral nerve stimulation
IT201800002962A1 (en) 2018-02-22 2019-08-22 Newronika Srl APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS USING ELECTROSTIMULATION AND METHOD OF PROCESSING THE NEUROLOGICAL SIGNAL COLLECTED BY THIS APP
US11364361B2 (en) 2018-04-20 2022-06-21 Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC System and method for inducing sleep by transplanting mental states
WO2019210202A1 (en) 2018-04-27 2019-10-31 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Multi-mode electrical stimulation systems and methods of making and using
EP3784332B1 (en) 2018-04-27 2023-04-26 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems for visualizing and programming electrical stimulation
US11701293B2 (en) 2018-09-11 2023-07-18 Encora, Inc. Apparatus and method for reduction of neurological movement disorder symptoms using wearable device
US11839583B1 (en) 2018-09-11 2023-12-12 Encora, Inc. Apparatus and method for reduction of neurological movement disorder symptoms using wearable device
CA3112564A1 (en) 2018-09-14 2020-03-19 Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC System and method of improving sleep
US11318309B2 (en) 2018-12-13 2022-05-03 Newronika S.P.A. Method and apparatus for treating Tourette Syndrome by brain stimulation
US11590352B2 (en) 2019-01-29 2023-02-28 Nevro Corp. Ramped therapeutic signals for modulating inhibitory interneurons, and associated systems and methods
US11160580B2 (en) 2019-04-24 2021-11-02 Spine23 Inc. Systems and methods for pedicle screw stabilization of spinal vertebrae
EP3750592B1 (en) 2019-05-20 2024-07-03 Biopro Scientific Co., Ltd. System for treating movement disorders
EP3744385A1 (en) 2019-05-20 2020-12-02 Biopro Scientific Co., Ltd. System for treating neural disorders
US11786694B2 (en) 2019-05-24 2023-10-17 NeuroLight, Inc. Device, method, and app for facilitating sleep
US11890468B1 (en) 2019-10-03 2024-02-06 Cala Health, Inc. Neurostimulation systems with event pattern detection and classification
US12076564B2 (en) 2020-04-14 2024-09-03 Medtronic, Inc. Patient specific optimization algorithm
US11147982B1 (en) 2021-05-05 2021-10-19 Kambix Innovations, Llc Method and system for thermal stimulation of targeted neural circuits for neurodegenerative disorders
EP4337119A1 (en) 2021-05-12 2024-03-20 Spine23 Inc. Systems and methods for pedicle screw stabilization of spinal vertebrae
EP4387713A1 (en) 2021-08-18 2024-06-26 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for providing digital health services
WO2023220471A1 (en) * 2022-05-13 2023-11-16 University Of Pittsburgh - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Thalamic stimulation system for the treatment of motor disorders

Citations (94)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3650276A (en) * 1969-03-26 1972-03-21 Inst Demedicina Si Farmacie Method and apparatus, including a flexible electrode, for the electric neurostimulation of the neurogenic bladder
US4140133A (en) * 1977-04-26 1979-02-20 Moskovsky Oblastnoi Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Akusherstva I Ginekolog Ii Device for pulse current action on central nervous system
US4431000A (en) * 1978-11-29 1984-02-14 Gatron Corporation Transcutaneous nerve stimulator with pseusorandom pulse generator
US4590946A (en) * 1984-06-14 1986-05-27 Biomed Concepts, Inc. Surgically implantable electrode for nerve bundles
US4646744A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-03-03 Zion Foundation Method and treatment with transcranially applied electrical signals
US5002053A (en) * 1989-04-21 1991-03-26 University Of Arkansas Method of and device for inducing locomotion by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord
US5024226A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-06-18 Critikon, Inc. Epidural oxygen sensor
US5092835A (en) * 1990-07-06 1992-03-03 Schurig Janet L S Brain and nerve healing power apparatus and method
US5121754A (en) * 1990-08-21 1992-06-16 Medtronic, Inc. Lateral displacement percutaneously inserted epidural lead
US5215086A (en) * 1991-05-03 1993-06-01 Cyberonics, Inc. Therapeutic treatment of migraine symptoms by stimulation
US5282468A (en) * 1990-06-07 1994-02-01 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable neural electrode
US5299569A (en) * 1991-05-03 1994-04-05 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders by nerve stimulation
US5304206A (en) * 1991-11-18 1994-04-19 Cyberonics, Inc. Activation techniques for implantable medical device
US5314458A (en) * 1990-06-01 1994-05-24 University Of Michigan Single channel microstimulator
US5406957A (en) * 1992-02-05 1995-04-18 Tansey; Michael A. Electroencephalic neurofeedback apparatus for training and tracking of cognitive states
US5411540A (en) * 1993-06-03 1995-05-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for preferential neuron stimulation
US5417719A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-05-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method of using a spinal cord stimulation lead
US5423864A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-06-13 Siemens Elema Ab Difibrillation system
US5520190A (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-05-28 Ventritex, Inc. Cardiac blood flow sensor and method
US5522864A (en) * 1994-10-25 1996-06-04 Wallace; Larry B. Apparatus and method for ocular treatment
US5591216A (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-01-07 Medtronic, Inc. Method for treatment of sleep apnea by electrical stimulation
US5593432A (en) * 1993-06-23 1997-01-14 Neuroware Therapy International, Inc. Method for neurostimulation for pain alleviation
US5601611A (en) * 1994-08-05 1997-02-11 Ventritex, Inc. Optical blood flow measurement apparatus and method and implantable defibrillator incorporating same
US5628317A (en) * 1996-04-04 1997-05-13 Medtronic, Inc. Ultrasonic techniques for neurostimulator control
US5711316A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-01-27 Medtronic, Inc. Method of treating movement disorders by brain infusion
US5713922A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-02-03 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for adjusting the locus of excitation of neural tissue in the spinal cord or brain
US5713923A (en) * 1996-05-13 1998-02-03 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for treating epilepsy by brain stimulation and drug infusion
US5716377A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-02-10 Medtronic, Inc. Method of treating movement disorders by brain stimulation
US5722401A (en) * 1994-10-19 1998-03-03 Cardiac Pathways Corporation Endocardial mapping and/or ablation catheter probe
US5735814A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-04-07 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques of treating neurodegenerative disorders by brain infusion
US5752979A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-19 Medtronic, Inc. Method of controlling epilepsy by brain stimulation
US5772591A (en) * 1995-06-06 1998-06-30 Patient Comfort, Inc. Electrode assembly for signaling a monitor
US5885976A (en) * 1995-05-08 1999-03-23 Sandyk; Reuven Methods useful for the treatment of neurological and mental disorders related to deficient serotonin neurotransmission and impaired pineal melatonin functions
US5886769A (en) * 1998-05-18 1999-03-23 Zolten; A. J. Method of training and rehabilitating brain function using hemi-lenses
US5893883A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-04-13 Medtronic, Inc. Portable stimulation screening device for screening therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation on a patient user during normal activities of the patient user
US5904916A (en) * 1996-03-05 1999-05-18 Hirsch; Alan R. Use of odorants to alter learning capacity
US5913882A (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-06-22 Medtronic Inc. Neural stimulation techniques with feedback
US6011996A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-01-04 Medtronic, Inc Dual electrode lead and method for brain target localization in functional stereotactic brain surgery
US6016449A (en) * 1997-10-27 2000-01-18 Neuropace, Inc. System for treatment of neurological disorders
US6018682A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-01-25 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable seizure warning system
US6021352A (en) * 1996-06-26 2000-02-01 Medtronic, Inc, Diagnostic testing methods and apparatus for implantable therapy devices
US6026326A (en) * 1997-01-13 2000-02-15 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating chronic constipation
US6035236A (en) * 1998-07-13 2000-03-07 Bionergy Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electrical microcurrent stimulation therapy
US6042579A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-03-28 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for treating neurodegenerative disorders by infusion of nerve growth factors into the brain
US6052624A (en) * 1999-01-07 2000-04-18 Advanced Bionics Corporation Directional programming for implantable electrode arrays
US6055456A (en) * 1999-04-29 2000-04-25 Medtronic, Inc. Single and multi-polar implantable lead for sacral nerve electrical stimulation
US6058331A (en) * 1998-04-27 2000-05-02 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating peripheral vascular disease and organ ischemia by electrical stimulation with closed loop feedback control
US6057847A (en) * 1996-12-20 2000-05-02 Jenkins; Barry System and method of image generation and encoding using primitive reprojection
US6060048A (en) * 1990-10-19 2000-05-09 New York University Method for transplanting cells into the brain and therapeutic uses therefor
US6066163A (en) * 1996-02-02 2000-05-23 John; Michael Sasha Adaptive brain stimulation method and system
US6176242B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2001-01-23 Medtronic Inc Method of treating manic depression by brain infusion
US6198958B1 (en) * 1998-06-11 2001-03-06 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring a magnetic resonance image during transcranial magnetic stimulation
US6205360B1 (en) * 1995-09-07 2001-03-20 Cochlear Limited Apparatus and method for automatically determining stimulation parameters
US6221908B1 (en) * 1998-03-12 2001-04-24 Scientific Learning Corporation System for stimulating brain plasticity
US6230049B1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2001-05-08 Neuro Pace, Inc. Integrated system for EEG monitoring and electrical stimulation with a multiplicity of electrodes
US6236892B1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-05-22 Claudio A. Feler Spinal cord stimulation lead
US6246912B1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2001-06-12 Sherwood Services Ag Modulated high frequency tissue modification
US6339725B1 (en) * 1996-05-31 2002-01-15 The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University Methods of modulating aspects of brain neural plasticity by vagus nerve stimulation
US6353754B1 (en) * 2000-04-24 2002-03-05 Neuropace, Inc. System for the creation of patient specific templates for epileptiform activity detection
US6354299B1 (en) * 1997-10-27 2002-03-12 Neuropace, Inc. Implantable device for patient communication
US6366813B1 (en) * 1998-08-05 2002-04-02 Dilorenzo Daniel J. Apparatus and method for closed-loop intracranical stimulation for optimal control of neurological disease
US6375666B1 (en) * 1999-12-09 2002-04-23 Hans Alois Mische Methods and devices for treatment of neurological disorders
US6505075B1 (en) * 1999-05-29 2003-01-07 Richard L. Weiner Peripheral nerve stimulation method
US6507755B1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2003-01-14 Neurometrix, Inc. Apparatus and method for stimulating human tissue
US20030074032A1 (en) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-17 Gliner Bradford Evan Neural stimulation system and method responsive to collateral neural activity
US20030078633A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-24 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and implantable apparatus for electrical therapy
US20030088274A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-05-08 Vertis Neuroscience, Inc. Method and apparatus for electrically stimulating cells implanted in the nervous system
US20030097161A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2003-05-22 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US6687525B2 (en) * 2000-06-07 2004-02-03 New York University Method and system for diagnosing and treating thalamocortical dysrhythmia
US6690974B2 (en) * 2000-04-05 2004-02-10 Neuropace, Inc. Stimulation signal generator for an implantable device
US20040073270A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2004-04-15 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US6725094B2 (en) * 1999-03-24 2004-04-20 Lloyd R. Saberski Apparatus and methods for reducing pain and/or retraining muscles
US20040092809A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-05-13 Neurion Inc. Methods for measurement and analysis of brain activity
US20040102828A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Lowry David Warren Methods and systems employing intracranial electrodes for neurostimulation and/or electroencephalography
US6839594B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2005-01-04 Biocontrol Medical Ltd Actuation and control of limbs through motor nerve stimulation
US20050004620A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-01-06 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device with anti-infection agent
US20050015129A1 (en) * 1999-12-09 2005-01-20 Mische Hans A. Methods and devices for the treatment of neurological and physiological disorders
US20050021107A1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2005-01-27 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US20050021105A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a change in a neural-function of a patient
US20050021118A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Chris Genau Apparatuses and systems for applying electrical stimulation to a patient
US20050033378A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-02-10 Sheffield Warren Douglas Methods for treating and/or collecting information regarding neurological disorders, including language disorders
US6873872B2 (en) * 1999-12-07 2005-03-29 George Mason University Adaptive electric field modulation of neural systems
US20050070971A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-03-31 Brad Fowler Apparatus and methods for applying neural stimulation to a patient
US20050075680A1 (en) * 2003-04-18 2005-04-07 Lowry David Warren Methods and systems for intracranial neurostimulation and/or sensing
US20050075679A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-07 Gliner Bradford E. Methods and apparatuses for treating neurological disorders by electrically stimulating cells implanted in the nervous system
US20050096701A1 (en) * 2000-03-06 2005-05-05 Medtronic, Inc. Stimulation for delivery of molecular therapy
US6892097B2 (en) * 1998-04-30 2005-05-10 Medtronic, Inc. Method of preparing neural tissue of the brain for subsequent electrical stimulation
US20050113882A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-26 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrical stimulation system, lead, and method providing reduced neuroplasticity effects
US20060015153A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-01-19 Gliner Bradford E Systems and methods for enhancing or affecting neural stimulation efficiency and/or efficacy
US6990377B2 (en) * 2003-04-24 2006-01-24 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Systems and methods for facilitating and/or effectuating development, rehabilitation, restoration, and/or recovery of visual function through neural stimulation
US7006859B1 (en) * 2002-07-20 2006-02-28 Flint Hills Scientific, L.L.C. Unitized electrode with three-dimensional multi-site, multi-modal capabilities for detection and control of brain state changes
US7024247B2 (en) * 2001-10-15 2006-04-04 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing the likelihood of inducing collateral neural activity during neural stimulation threshold test procedures
US20060106431A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Allen Wyler Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
US20060106430A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Brad Fowler Electrode configurations for reducing invasiveness and/or enhancing neural stimulation efficacy, and associated methods

Family Cites Families (182)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2716226A (en) 1951-06-22 1955-08-23 Reiner Electronics Co Inc Electrical solderless connector
US2721316A (en) 1953-06-09 1955-10-18 Joseph D Shaw Method and means for aiding the blind
US3628193A (en) 1969-02-19 1971-12-21 Inst Of Medical Sciences The Tactile image projection system
US3850161A (en) * 1973-04-09 1974-11-26 S Liss Method and apparatus for monitoring and counteracting excess brain electrical energy to prevent epileptic seizures and the like
US3918461A (en) 1974-01-31 1975-11-11 Irving S Cooper Method for electrically stimulating the human brain
US4030509A (en) 1975-09-30 1977-06-21 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Implantable electrodes for accomplishing ventricular defibrillation and pacing and method of electrode implantation and utilization
US4125116A (en) 1977-02-14 1978-11-14 The Johns Hopkins University Human tissue stimulation electrode structure
CA1065969A (en) 1977-09-28 1979-11-06 Gratien Bouillon Self-blocking cerebral catheter
US4214804A (en) 1978-09-25 1980-07-29 Daig Corporation Press fit electrical connection apparatus
US4474186A (en) 1979-07-17 1984-10-02 Georgetown University Computerized electro-oculographic (CEOG) system with feedback control of stimuli
US4308868A (en) 1980-05-27 1982-01-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Implantable electrical device
US4328813A (en) 1980-10-20 1982-05-11 Medtronic, Inc. Brain lead anchoring system
US4340038A (en) 1980-12-15 1982-07-20 Pacesetter Systems, Inc. Magnetic field concentration means and method for an implanted device
US4390023A (en) * 1981-04-30 1983-06-28 Medtronic, Inc. Patterned electrical tissue stimulator
US4542752A (en) 1983-04-22 1985-09-24 Cordis Corporation Implantable device having porous surface with carbon coating
US4702254A (en) 1983-09-14 1987-10-27 Jacob Zabara Neurocybernetic prosthesis
US4844075A (en) 1984-01-09 1989-07-04 Pain Suppression Labs, Inc. Transcranial stimulation for the treatment of cerebral palsy
US4607639A (en) 1984-05-18 1986-08-26 Regents Of The University Of California Method and system for controlling bladder evacuation
CA1292285C (en) 1985-08-21 1991-11-19 Paul H. Stypulkowski External ear canal electrode to be placed proximate the tympanic membrane and method of stimulating/recording utilizing external ear canal electrode placed proximate the tympanic membrane
US5054906A (en) 1986-01-17 1991-10-08 Brimfield Precision, Inc. Indirectly illuminating ophthalmological speculum
EP0272318A1 (en) 1986-06-16 1988-06-29 Elefant, Mordecai Method and apparatus for delivering a prescriptive electrical signal
US4969468A (en) 1986-06-17 1990-11-13 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Electrode array for use in connection with a living body and method of manufacture
US4869255A (en) 1987-12-04 1989-09-26 Ad-Tech Medical Instrument Corp. Electrical connection device
US4865048A (en) 1987-12-31 1989-09-12 Eckerson Harold D Method and apparatus for drug free neurostimulation
US4903702A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-02-27 Ad-Tech Medical Instrument Corporation Brain-contact for sensing epileptogenic foci with improved accuracy
DE3914662A1 (en) 1989-05-03 1990-11-08 Alt Eckhard DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING ELECTRICAL SIGNALS BETWEEN AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE AND ELECTRICALLY EXPENSIBLE HUMAN TISSUE
US5063932A (en) 1989-10-03 1991-11-12 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Controlled discharge defibrillation electrode
US5215088A (en) * 1989-11-07 1993-06-01 The University Of Utah Three-dimensional electrode device
US5271417A (en) 1990-01-23 1993-12-21 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Defibrillation electrode having smooth current distribution
US5031618A (en) 1990-03-07 1991-07-16 Medtronic, Inc. Position-responsive neuro stimulator
US5044368A (en) * 1990-04-23 1991-09-03 Ad-Tech Medical Instrument Corporation Diagnostic electrode for use with magnetic resonance imaging
US5713926A (en) 1990-04-25 1998-02-03 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable intravenous cardiac stimulation system with pulse generator housing serving as optional additional electrode
US5224491A (en) 1991-01-07 1993-07-06 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable electrode for location within a blood vessel
US5269303A (en) * 1991-02-22 1993-12-14 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of dementia by nerve stimulation
US5255678A (en) 1991-06-21 1993-10-26 Ecole Polytechnique Mapping electrode balloon
US5750376A (en) 1991-07-08 1998-05-12 Neurospheres Holdings Ltd. In vitro growth and proliferation of genetically modified multipotent neural stem cells and their progeny
US5169384A (en) 1991-08-16 1992-12-08 Bosniak Stephen L Apparatus for facilitating post-traumatic, post-surgical, and/or post-inflammatory healing of tissue
US5193540A (en) 1991-12-18 1993-03-16 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Structure and method of manufacture of an implantable microstimulator
US5184620A (en) 1991-12-26 1993-02-09 Marquette Electronics, Inc. Method of using a multiple electrode pad assembly
US5303705A (en) 1992-05-01 1994-04-19 Nenov Valeriy I Evoked 23NA MR imaging of sodium currents in the brain
US5263967B1 (en) 1992-05-15 2000-12-19 Brimfield Prec Inc Medical instrument with dual action drive
US5476494A (en) 1992-09-11 1995-12-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Low pressure neural contact structure
US5441528A (en) * 1992-09-25 1995-08-15 Symtonic, S.A. Method and system for applying low energy emission therapy
WO1994007564A2 (en) 1992-10-01 1994-04-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Stent-type defibrillation electrode structures
US5370672A (en) 1992-10-30 1994-12-06 The Johns Hopkins University Computer-controlled neurological stimulation system
US5358513A (en) 1992-12-09 1994-10-25 Medtronic, Inc. Parameter selection and electrode placement of neuromuscular electrical stimulation apparatus
US5537512A (en) 1993-05-26 1996-07-16 Northrop Grumman Corporation Neural network elements
US5540736A (en) 1993-08-02 1996-07-30 Haimovich; Yechiel Transcranial electrostimulation apparatus having two electrode pairs and independent current generators
US5464446A (en) 1993-10-12 1995-11-07 Medtronic, Inc. Brain lead anchoring system
US5405375A (en) 1994-01-21 1995-04-11 Incontrol, Inc. Combined mapping, pacing, and defibrillating catheter
JPH09508553A (en) 1994-02-09 1997-09-02 ユニヴァーシティ オブ アイオワ リサーチ ファンデーション Human cerebral cortical nerve prosthesis
US5843093A (en) * 1994-02-09 1998-12-01 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Stereotactic electrode assembly
US5697975A (en) 1994-02-09 1997-12-16 The University Of Iowa Research Foundation Human cerebral cortex neural prosthetic for tinnitus
US5562708A (en) 1994-04-21 1996-10-08 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for treatment of atrial fibrillation
US5769778A (en) 1994-04-22 1998-06-23 Somatics, Inc. Medical magnetic non-convulsive stimulation therapy
US6152143A (en) 1994-05-09 2000-11-28 Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc. Method for treatment of air way obstructions
US5685313A (en) 1994-05-31 1997-11-11 Brain Monitor Ltd. Tissue monitor
US5549655A (en) 1994-09-21 1996-08-27 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for synchronized treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
US5540734A (en) 1994-09-28 1996-07-30 Zabara; Jacob Cranial nerve stimulation treatments using neurocybernetic prosthesis
US5545186A (en) 1995-03-30 1996-08-13 Medtronic, Inc. Prioritized rule based method and apparatus for diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias
US6057846A (en) * 1995-07-14 2000-05-02 Sever, Jr.; Frank Virtual reality psychophysiological conditioning medium
US5707334A (en) 1995-08-21 1998-01-13 Young; Robert B. Method of treating amygdala related transitory disorders
US5649936A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-07-22 Real; Douglas D. Stereotactic guide apparatus for use with neurosurgical headframe
US5782873A (en) 1995-10-11 1998-07-21 Trustees Of Boston University Method and apparatus for improving the function of sensory cells
US20020169485A1 (en) 1995-10-16 2002-11-14 Neuropace, Inc. Differential neurostimulation therapy driven by physiological context
US6944501B1 (en) 2000-04-05 2005-09-13 Neurospace, Inc. Neurostimulator involving stimulation strategies and process for using it
US6480743B1 (en) 2000-04-05 2002-11-12 Neuropace, Inc. System and method for adaptive brain stimulation
US6095148A (en) 1995-11-03 2000-08-01 Children's Medical Center Corporation Neuronal stimulation using electrically conducting polymers
WO1997021324A1 (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Cochlear Limited A feedback system to control electrode voltages in a cochlear stimulator and the like
NL1001890C2 (en) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-17 Cordis Europ Catheter with plate-shaped electrode array.
US5824030A (en) 1995-12-21 1998-10-20 Pacesetter, Inc. Lead with inter-electrode spacing adjustment
US6463328B1 (en) 1996-02-02 2002-10-08 Michael Sasha John Adaptive brain stimulation method and system
US5611350A (en) 1996-02-08 1997-03-18 John; Michael S. Method and apparatus for facilitating recovery of patients in deep coma
US6126657A (en) 1996-02-23 2000-10-03 Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for treatment of air way obstructions
US5833603A (en) * 1996-03-13 1998-11-10 Lipomatrix, Inc. Implantable biosensing transponder
US5964794A (en) 1996-03-21 1999-10-12 Biotronik Mess- Und Therapiegeraete Gmbh & Co. Ingenieurbuero Berlin Implantable stimulation electrode
AU714617B2 (en) * 1996-04-04 2000-01-06 Medtronic, Inc. Living tissue stimulation and recording techniques
US5925070A (en) 1996-04-04 1999-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for adjusting the locus of excitation of electrically excitable tissue
US5683422A (en) 1996-04-25 1997-11-04 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating neurodegenerative disorders by electrical brain stimulation
US5824021A (en) 1996-04-25 1998-10-20 Medtronic Inc. Method and apparatus for providing feedback to spinal cord stimulation for angina
US5753506A (en) * 1996-05-23 1998-05-19 Cns Stem Cell Technology, Inc. Isolation propagation and directed differentiation of stem cells from embryonic and adult central nervous system of mammals
US5782798A (en) 1996-06-26 1998-07-21 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for treating eating disorders by brain stimulation and drug infusion
JP2000504966A (en) 1996-08-15 2000-04-25 ニュートナス,インコーポレーテッド Skull brain stimulation
US5883709A (en) 1996-08-22 1999-03-16 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Inclination monitoring system including reflection of collimated light
US5865842A (en) 1996-08-29 1999-02-02 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for anchoring brain stimulation lead or catheter
US5797970A (en) 1996-09-04 1998-08-25 Medtronic, Inc. System, adaptor and method to provide medical electrical stimulation
US5843148A (en) 1996-09-27 1998-12-01 Medtronic, Inc. High resolution brain stimulation lead and method of use
US5871517A (en) * 1997-01-15 1999-02-16 Somatics, Inc. Convulsive therapy apparatus to stimulate and monitor the extent of therapeutic value of the treatment
US5948007A (en) 1997-04-30 1999-09-07 Medtronic, Inc. Dual channel implantation neurostimulation techniques
US6128537A (en) 1997-05-01 2000-10-03 Medtronic, Inc Techniques for treating anxiety by brain stimulation and drug infusion
US5975085A (en) 1997-05-01 1999-11-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method of treating schizophrenia by brain stimulation and drug infusion
US5861017A (en) 1997-06-06 1999-01-19 Shriners Hospitals For Children Portable functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for upper or lower extremity applications
US6024702A (en) * 1997-09-03 2000-02-15 Pmt Corporation Implantable electrode manufactured with flexible printed circuit
US5843150A (en) 1997-10-08 1998-12-01 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for providing electrical and/or fluid treatment within a patient's brain
US5941906A (en) 1997-10-15 1999-08-24 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable, modular tissue stimulator
US5938688A (en) 1997-10-22 1999-08-17 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Deep brain stimulation method
US6647296B2 (en) * 1997-10-27 2003-11-11 Neuropace, Inc. Implantable apparatus for treating neurological disorders
US6597954B1 (en) 1997-10-27 2003-07-22 Neuropace, Inc. System and method for controlling epileptic seizures with spatially separated detection and stimulation electrodes
US6427086B1 (en) 1997-10-27 2002-07-30 Neuropace, Inc. Means and method for the intracranial placement of a neurostimulator
US6459936B2 (en) 1997-10-27 2002-10-01 Neuropace, Inc. Methods for responsively treating neurological disorders
DE19750043A1 (en) 1997-11-12 1999-05-20 Johann W Prof Dr Bartha Novel cuff electrode and method for producing it
US6128527A (en) * 1997-12-03 2000-10-03 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Apparatus and method of analyzing electrical brain activity
US6205361B1 (en) * 1998-02-10 2001-03-20 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable expandable multicontact electrodes
US6631295B2 (en) * 1998-02-13 2003-10-07 University Of Iowa Research Foundation System and method for diagnosing and/or reducing tinnitus
US6319241B1 (en) 1998-04-30 2001-11-20 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for positioning therapy delivery elements within a spinal cord or a brain
US6161047A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-12-12 Medtronic Inc. Apparatus and method for expanding a stimulation lead body in situ
US6006124A (en) 1998-05-01 1999-12-21 Neuropace, Inc. Means and method for the placement of brain electrodes
US5938689A (en) 1998-05-01 1999-08-17 Neuropace, Inc. Electrode configuration for a brain neuropacemaker
US7890176B2 (en) * 1998-07-06 2011-02-15 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Methods and systems for treating chronic pelvic pain
US6104960A (en) 1998-07-13 2000-08-15 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for providing medical electrical stimulation to a portion of the nervous system
US7277758B2 (en) * 1998-08-05 2007-10-02 Neurovista Corporation Methods and systems for predicting future symptomatology in a patient suffering from a neurological or psychiatric disorder
US6304787B1 (en) * 1998-08-26 2001-10-16 Advanced Bionics Corporation Cochlear electrode array having current-focusing and tissue-treating features
JP2002523183A (en) 1998-08-27 2002-07-30 ノヴァヴィズィオン アーゲー Method and apparatus for training human vision
US6190893B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2001-02-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Electroactive materials for stimulation of biological activity of bone marrow stromal cells
US6569654B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2003-05-27 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Electroactive materials for stimulation of biological activity of stem cells
CA2346971C (en) 1998-10-13 2011-02-08 Somanetics Corporation Multi-channel non-invasive tissue oximeter
US20060217782A1 (en) 1998-10-26 2006-09-28 Boveja Birinder R Method and system for cortical stimulation to provide adjunct (ADD-ON) therapy for stroke, tinnitus and other medical disorders using implantable and external components
US7062330B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2006-06-13 Boveja Birinder R Electrical stimulation adjunct (Add-ON) therapy for urinary incontinence and urological disorders using implanted lead stimulus-receiver and an external pulse generator
US6253109B1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2001-06-26 Medtronic Inc. System for optimized brain stimulation
US6161044A (en) 1998-11-23 2000-12-12 Synaptic Corporation Method and apparatus for treating chronic pain syndromes, tremor, dementia and related disorders and for inducing electroanesthesia using high frequency, high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
WO2000040295A1 (en) * 1999-01-06 2000-07-13 Ball Semiconductor, Inc. Implantable neuro-stimulator
US6210417B1 (en) * 1999-04-29 2001-04-03 Medtronic, Inc. Medical lead positioning and anchoring system
WO2000067846A1 (en) 1999-05-11 2000-11-16 Exogen, Inc. Method and apparatus for ultrasonic treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
US6161045A (en) 1999-06-01 2000-12-12 Neuropace, Inc. Method for determining stimulation parameters for the treatment of epileptic seizures
AU6951500A (en) 1999-06-07 2000-12-28 Johns Hopkins University, The Cardiac shock electrode system and corresponding implantable defibrillator system
US6301493B1 (en) 1999-07-10 2001-10-09 Physiometrix, Inc. Reservoir electrodes for electroencephalograph headgear appliance
US6516227B1 (en) 1999-07-27 2003-02-04 Advanced Bionics Corporation Rechargeable spinal cord stimulator system
US6381496B1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2002-04-30 Advanced Bionics Corporation Parameter context switching for an implanted device
US6499488B1 (en) 1999-10-28 2002-12-31 Winchester Development Associates Surgical sensor
US6764498B2 (en) 1999-12-09 2004-07-20 Hans Alois Mische Methods and devices for treatment of neurological disorders
WO2001039831A1 (en) 1999-12-06 2001-06-07 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable device programmer
US6665562B2 (en) 1999-12-07 2003-12-16 George Mason University Adaptive electric field modulation of neural systems
US6658299B1 (en) * 2000-01-04 2003-12-02 William H. Dobelle Artificial system for vision and the like
US6356792B1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-03-12 Electro Core Technologies, Llc Skull mounted electrode lead securing assembly
US6907296B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2005-06-14 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable cardiac lead having convenient implant location identification and method of manufacture
US6418344B1 (en) 2000-02-24 2002-07-09 Electrocore Techniques, Llc Method of treating psychiatric disorders by electrical stimulation within the orbitofrontal cerebral cortex
US6487450B1 (en) 2000-02-24 2002-11-26 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center System and method for preventing Sudden Cardiac Death by nerve sprouting from right stellate ganglion
US6708064B2 (en) * 2000-02-24 2004-03-16 Ali R. Rezai Modulation of the brain to affect psychiatric disorders
US6473639B1 (en) 2000-03-02 2002-10-29 Neuropace, Inc. Neurological event detection procedure using processed display channel based algorithms and devices incorporating these procedures
US6748276B1 (en) * 2000-06-05 2004-06-08 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Neuromodulation therapy system
US6549814B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2003-04-15 Juergen Strutz Blade electrode array for insertion under soft tissue of lateral wall of cochlea
AU2001268473A1 (en) 2000-06-20 2002-01-02 Advanced Bionics Corporation Apparatus for treatment of mood and/or anxiety disorders by electrical brain stimulation and/or drug infusion
US7305268B2 (en) * 2000-07-13 2007-12-04 Northstar Neurscience, Inc. Systems and methods for automatically optimizing stimulus parameters and electrode configurations for neuro-stimulators
US20040176831A1 (en) 2000-07-13 2004-09-09 Gliner Bradford Evan Apparatuses and systems for applying electrical stimulation to a patient
US20030125786A1 (en) 2000-07-13 2003-07-03 Gliner Bradford Evan Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US7756584B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2010-07-13 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US6402678B1 (en) 2000-07-31 2002-06-11 Neuralieve, Inc. Means and method for the treatment of migraine headaches
US6497699B1 (en) * 2000-08-09 2002-12-24 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Hybrid neuroprosthesis for the treatment of brain disorders
DE10039240A1 (en) 2000-08-11 2002-02-28 Hans Ulrich May Electrotherapeutic device
US6591138B1 (en) 2000-08-31 2003-07-08 Neuropace, Inc. Low frequency neurostimulator for the treatment of neurological disorders
JP2002072309A (en) 2000-09-01 2002-03-12 Canon Inc Camera and camera system
US6405079B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2002-06-11 Mehdi M. Ansarinia Stimulation method for the dural venous sinuses and adjacent dura for treatment of medical conditions
US6898464B2 (en) * 2000-10-05 2005-05-24 Innersea Technology Optical telemetry of data and power for wireless biomedical sensors and actuators
AU2001237911A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2002-05-21 Neuropace, Inc. System and method for determining stimulation parameters for the treatment of epileptic seizures
US7089059B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2006-08-08 Pless Benjamin D Predicting susceptibility to neurological dysfunction based on measured neural electrophysiology
US6529774B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-03-04 Neuropace, Inc. Extradural leads, neurostimulator assemblies, and processes of using them for somatosensory and brain stimulation
US6591137B1 (en) 2000-11-09 2003-07-08 Neuropace, Inc. Implantable neuromuscular stimulator for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders
US6788975B1 (en) 2001-01-30 2004-09-07 Advanced Bionics Corporation Fully implantable miniature neurostimulator for stimulation as a therapy for epilepsy
US7149586B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2006-12-12 Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. Variable pitch electrode array
US7299096B2 (en) 2001-03-08 2007-11-20 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. System and method for treating Parkinson's Disease and other movement disorders
WO2002073526A2 (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-09-19 Wide Horizon Holdings Inc. Cerebral programming
US7010856B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2006-03-14 Nihon Kohden Corporation Lead wire attachment method, electrode, and spot welder
US6684105B2 (en) * 2001-08-31 2004-01-27 Biocontrol Medical, Ltd. Treatment of disorders by unidirectional nerve stimulation
WO2003017061A2 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-27 Reuven Sandyk Method and apparatus for treatment of patients
US20060241717A1 (en) * 2001-08-30 2006-10-26 Whitehurst Todd K Treatment of movement disorders by extra dural motor cortex stimulation
US6944497B2 (en) 2001-10-31 2005-09-13 Medtronic, Inc. System and method of treating stuttering by neuromodulation
US7110820B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2006-09-19 Tcheng Thomas K Responsive electrical stimulation for movement disorders
US7221981B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2007-05-22 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Electrode geometries for efficient neural stimulation
US7146222B2 (en) * 2002-04-15 2006-12-05 Neurospace, Inc. Reinforced sensing and stimulation leads and use in detection systems
US7184840B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2007-02-27 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable lead with isolated contact coupling
US20050154426A1 (en) 2002-05-09 2005-07-14 Boveja Birinder R. Method and system for providing therapy for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders utilizing transcranical magnetic stimulation and pulsed electrical vagus nerve(s) stimulation
US20050182453A1 (en) 2002-05-24 2005-08-18 Whitehurst Todd K. Treatment of epilepsy by high frequency electrical stimulation and/or drug stimulation
US6934580B1 (en) 2002-07-20 2005-08-23 Flint Hills Scientific, L.L.C. Stimulation methodologies and apparatus for control of brain states
US7471974B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2008-12-30 Brainlab Ag Method for planning stimulation of hyper/hypometabolic cortical areas
US20040082847A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-04-29 Mcdermott Kathleen B. System and methods for identifying brain regions supporting language
US7236830B2 (en) * 2002-12-10 2007-06-26 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US6959215B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2005-10-25 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Methods for treating essential tremor
US7065412B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2006-06-20 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable trial neurostimulation device
US7107104B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2006-09-12 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable cortical neural lead and method
US8093205B2 (en) 2003-12-01 2012-01-10 Medtronic, Inc. Method for treating a stroke by implanting a first therapy delivery element in the CNS and a second therapy delivery element in a damaged tissue of the CNS to promote neurogenesis
US20050154425A1 (en) 2004-08-19 2005-07-14 Boveja Birinder R. Method and system to provide therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairments using gradient magnetic pulses to the brain and pulsed electrical stimulation to vagus nerve(s)
WO2006083744A1 (en) 2005-01-31 2006-08-10 Medtronic, Inc. Anchoring of a medical device component adjacent a dura of the brain or spinal cord

Patent Citations (99)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3650276A (en) * 1969-03-26 1972-03-21 Inst Demedicina Si Farmacie Method and apparatus, including a flexible electrode, for the electric neurostimulation of the neurogenic bladder
US4140133A (en) * 1977-04-26 1979-02-20 Moskovsky Oblastnoi Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Akusherstva I Ginekolog Ii Device for pulse current action on central nervous system
US4431000A (en) * 1978-11-29 1984-02-14 Gatron Corporation Transcutaneous nerve stimulator with pseusorandom pulse generator
US4590946A (en) * 1984-06-14 1986-05-27 Biomed Concepts, Inc. Surgically implantable electrode for nerve bundles
US4646744A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-03-03 Zion Foundation Method and treatment with transcranially applied electrical signals
US5002053A (en) * 1989-04-21 1991-03-26 University Of Arkansas Method of and device for inducing locomotion by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord
US5024226A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-06-18 Critikon, Inc. Epidural oxygen sensor
US5314458A (en) * 1990-06-01 1994-05-24 University Of Michigan Single channel microstimulator
US5282468A (en) * 1990-06-07 1994-02-01 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable neural electrode
US5092835A (en) * 1990-07-06 1992-03-03 Schurig Janet L S Brain and nerve healing power apparatus and method
US5121754A (en) * 1990-08-21 1992-06-16 Medtronic, Inc. Lateral displacement percutaneously inserted epidural lead
US6060048A (en) * 1990-10-19 2000-05-09 New York University Method for transplanting cells into the brain and therapeutic uses therefor
US5215086A (en) * 1991-05-03 1993-06-01 Cyberonics, Inc. Therapeutic treatment of migraine symptoms by stimulation
US5299569A (en) * 1991-05-03 1994-04-05 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders by nerve stimulation
US5304206A (en) * 1991-11-18 1994-04-19 Cyberonics, Inc. Activation techniques for implantable medical device
US5406957A (en) * 1992-02-05 1995-04-18 Tansey; Michael A. Electroencephalic neurofeedback apparatus for training and tracking of cognitive states
US5423864A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-06-13 Siemens Elema Ab Difibrillation system
US5411540A (en) * 1993-06-03 1995-05-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for preferential neuron stimulation
US5593432A (en) * 1993-06-23 1997-01-14 Neuroware Therapy International, Inc. Method for neurostimulation for pain alleviation
US5417719A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-05-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method of using a spinal cord stimulation lead
US5601611A (en) * 1994-08-05 1997-02-11 Ventritex, Inc. Optical blood flow measurement apparatus and method and implantable defibrillator incorporating same
US5722401A (en) * 1994-10-19 1998-03-03 Cardiac Pathways Corporation Endocardial mapping and/or ablation catheter probe
US5522864A (en) * 1994-10-25 1996-06-04 Wallace; Larry B. Apparatus and method for ocular treatment
US5520190A (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-05-28 Ventritex, Inc. Cardiac blood flow sensor and method
US5885976A (en) * 1995-05-08 1999-03-23 Sandyk; Reuven Methods useful for the treatment of neurological and mental disorders related to deficient serotonin neurotransmission and impaired pineal melatonin functions
US5591216A (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-01-07 Medtronic, Inc. Method for treatment of sleep apnea by electrical stimulation
US5772591A (en) * 1995-06-06 1998-06-30 Patient Comfort, Inc. Electrode assembly for signaling a monitor
US6205360B1 (en) * 1995-09-07 2001-03-20 Cochlear Limited Apparatus and method for automatically determining stimulation parameters
US6066163A (en) * 1996-02-02 2000-05-23 John; Michael Sasha Adaptive brain stimulation method and system
US5904916A (en) * 1996-03-05 1999-05-18 Hirsch; Alan R. Use of odorants to alter learning capacity
US5628317A (en) * 1996-04-04 1997-05-13 Medtronic, Inc. Ultrasonic techniques for neurostimulator control
US5913882A (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-06-22 Medtronic Inc. Neural stimulation techniques with feedback
US5716377A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-02-10 Medtronic, Inc. Method of treating movement disorders by brain stimulation
US5713922A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-02-03 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for adjusting the locus of excitation of neural tissue in the spinal cord or brain
US5735814A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-04-07 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques of treating neurodegenerative disorders by brain infusion
US5711316A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-01-27 Medtronic, Inc. Method of treating movement disorders by brain infusion
US5713923A (en) * 1996-05-13 1998-02-03 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for treating epilepsy by brain stimulation and drug infusion
US6339725B1 (en) * 1996-05-31 2002-01-15 The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University Methods of modulating aspects of brain neural plasticity by vagus nerve stimulation
US6556868B2 (en) * 1996-05-31 2003-04-29 The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University Methods for improving learning or memory by vagus nerve stimulation
US6021352A (en) * 1996-06-26 2000-02-01 Medtronic, Inc, Diagnostic testing methods and apparatus for implantable therapy devices
US6246912B1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2001-06-12 Sherwood Services Ag Modulated high frequency tissue modification
US5752979A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-19 Medtronic, Inc. Method of controlling epilepsy by brain stimulation
US6057847A (en) * 1996-12-20 2000-05-02 Jenkins; Barry System and method of image generation and encoding using primitive reprojection
US6026326A (en) * 1997-01-13 2000-02-15 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating chronic constipation
US6042579A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-03-28 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for treating neurodegenerative disorders by infusion of nerve growth factors into the brain
US5893883A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-04-13 Medtronic, Inc. Portable stimulation screening device for screening therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation on a patient user during normal activities of the patient user
US6016449A (en) * 1997-10-27 2000-01-18 Neuropace, Inc. System for treatment of neurological disorders
US6360122B1 (en) * 1997-10-27 2002-03-19 Neuropace, Inc. Data recording methods for an implantable device
US6354299B1 (en) * 1997-10-27 2002-03-12 Neuropace, Inc. Implantable device for patient communication
US6061593A (en) * 1997-10-27 2000-05-09 Neuropace, Inc. EEG d-c voltage shift as a means for detecting the onset of a neurological event
US6011996A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-01-04 Medtronic, Inc Dual electrode lead and method for brain target localization in functional stereotactic brain surgery
US6221908B1 (en) * 1998-03-12 2001-04-24 Scientific Learning Corporation System for stimulating brain plasticity
US6058331A (en) * 1998-04-27 2000-05-02 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating peripheral vascular disease and organ ischemia by electrical stimulation with closed loop feedback control
US6018682A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-01-25 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable seizure warning system
US6892097B2 (en) * 1998-04-30 2005-05-10 Medtronic, Inc. Method of preparing neural tissue of the brain for subsequent electrical stimulation
US5886769A (en) * 1998-05-18 1999-03-23 Zolten; A. J. Method of training and rehabilitating brain function using hemi-lenses
US6198958B1 (en) * 1998-06-11 2001-03-06 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring a magnetic resonance image during transcranial magnetic stimulation
US6035236A (en) * 1998-07-13 2000-03-07 Bionergy Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electrical microcurrent stimulation therapy
US6366813B1 (en) * 1998-08-05 2002-04-02 Dilorenzo Daniel J. Apparatus and method for closed-loop intracranical stimulation for optimal control of neurological disease
US6507755B1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2003-01-14 Neurometrix, Inc. Apparatus and method for stimulating human tissue
US6052624A (en) * 1999-01-07 2000-04-18 Advanced Bionics Corporation Directional programming for implantable electrode arrays
US6725094B2 (en) * 1999-03-24 2004-04-20 Lloyd R. Saberski Apparatus and methods for reducing pain and/or retraining muscles
US6055456A (en) * 1999-04-29 2000-04-25 Medtronic, Inc. Single and multi-polar implantable lead for sacral nerve electrical stimulation
US6176242B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2001-01-23 Medtronic Inc Method of treating manic depression by brain infusion
US6505075B1 (en) * 1999-05-29 2003-01-07 Richard L. Weiner Peripheral nerve stimulation method
US6230049B1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2001-05-08 Neuro Pace, Inc. Integrated system for EEG monitoring and electrical stimulation with a multiplicity of electrodes
US6236892B1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-05-22 Claudio A. Feler Spinal cord stimulation lead
US6873872B2 (en) * 1999-12-07 2005-03-29 George Mason University Adaptive electric field modulation of neural systems
US6375666B1 (en) * 1999-12-09 2002-04-23 Hans Alois Mische Methods and devices for treatment of neurological disorders
US20050015129A1 (en) * 1999-12-09 2005-01-20 Mische Hans A. Methods and devices for the treatment of neurological and physiological disorders
US20050096701A1 (en) * 2000-03-06 2005-05-05 Medtronic, Inc. Stimulation for delivery of molecular therapy
US6690974B2 (en) * 2000-04-05 2004-02-10 Neuropace, Inc. Stimulation signal generator for an implantable device
US6353754B1 (en) * 2000-04-24 2002-03-05 Neuropace, Inc. System for the creation of patient specific templates for epileptiform activity detection
US6687525B2 (en) * 2000-06-07 2004-02-03 New York University Method and system for diagnosing and treating thalamocortical dysrhythmia
US20050021118A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Chris Genau Apparatuses and systems for applying electrical stimulation to a patient
US7010351B2 (en) * 2000-07-13 2006-03-07 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US20040073270A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2004-04-15 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US20050021106A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US20030097161A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2003-05-22 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US20050021105A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a change in a neural-function of a patient
US20050021107A1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2005-01-27 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US6839594B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2005-01-04 Biocontrol Medical Ltd Actuation and control of limbs through motor nerve stimulation
US20030078633A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-24 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and implantable apparatus for electrical therapy
US20030088274A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-05-08 Vertis Neuroscience, Inc. Method and apparatus for electrically stimulating cells implanted in the nervous system
US20030074032A1 (en) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-17 Gliner Bradford Evan Neural stimulation system and method responsive to collateral neural activity
US7024247B2 (en) * 2001-10-15 2006-04-04 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing the likelihood of inducing collateral neural activity during neural stimulation threshold test procedures
US7006859B1 (en) * 2002-07-20 2006-02-28 Flint Hills Scientific, L.L.C. Unitized electrode with three-dimensional multi-site, multi-modal capabilities for detection and control of brain state changes
US20040092809A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-05-13 Neurion Inc. Methods for measurement and analysis of brain activity
US20050075679A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-07 Gliner Bradford E. Methods and apparatuses for treating neurological disorders by electrically stimulating cells implanted in the nervous system
US20040102828A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Lowry David Warren Methods and systems employing intracranial electrodes for neurostimulation and/or electroencephalography
US20050004620A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-01-06 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device with anti-infection agent
US20050033378A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-02-10 Sheffield Warren Douglas Methods for treating and/or collecting information regarding neurological disorders, including language disorders
US20050075680A1 (en) * 2003-04-18 2005-04-07 Lowry David Warren Methods and systems for intracranial neurostimulation and/or sensing
US6990377B2 (en) * 2003-04-24 2006-01-24 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Systems and methods for facilitating and/or effectuating development, rehabilitation, restoration, and/or recovery of visual function through neural stimulation
US20050070971A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-03-31 Brad Fowler Apparatus and methods for applying neural stimulation to a patient
US20050113882A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-26 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrical stimulation system, lead, and method providing reduced neuroplasticity effects
US20060015153A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-01-19 Gliner Bradford E Systems and methods for enhancing or affecting neural stimulation efficiency and/or efficacy
US20060106431A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Allen Wyler Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
US20060106430A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Brad Fowler Electrode configurations for reducing invasiveness and/or enhancing neural stimulation efficacy, and associated methods

Cited By (109)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8412335B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2013-04-02 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for automatically optimizing stimulus parameters and electrode configurations for neuro-stimulators
US20040158298A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2004-08-12 Gliner Bradford Evan Systems and methods for automatically optimizing stimulus parameters and electrode configurations for neuro-stimulators
US20050021105A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a change in a neural-function of a patient
US20050021118A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2005-01-27 Chris Genau Apparatuses and systems for applying electrical stimulation to a patient
US8065012B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2011-11-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US8073546B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2011-12-06 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US8195300B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2012-06-05 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for automatically optimizing stimulus parameters and electrode configurations for neuro-stimulators
US7756584B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2010-07-13 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US8433414B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2013-04-30 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for reducing the likelihood of inducing collateral neural activity during neural stimulation threshold test procedures
US7672730B2 (en) 2001-03-08 2010-03-02 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US20040088024A1 (en) * 2001-03-08 2004-05-06 Firlik Andrew D. Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US7831305B2 (en) 2001-10-15 2010-11-09 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Neural stimulation system and method responsive to collateral neural activity
US8126568B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2012-02-28 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrode geometries for efficient neural stimulation
US9427585B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2016-08-30 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinsons disease and or other movement disorders
US8718777B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2014-05-06 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods and systems for intracranial neurostimulation and/or sensing
US7684866B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2010-03-23 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Apparatus and methods for applying neural stimulation to a patient
US20050274589A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-12-15 Vanderlande Industries Nederland B.V. Device for sorting products
US20070135860A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2007-06-14 Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh Device for treating patients by brain stimulation, electronic component and use of the device and electronic component in medicine and medical treatment method
US8606361B2 (en) 2004-07-15 2013-12-10 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for enhancing or affecting neural stimulation efficiency and/or efficacy
US7983762B2 (en) 2004-07-15 2011-07-19 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for enhancing or affecting neural stimulation efficiency and/or efficacy
US11786729B2 (en) 2004-07-15 2023-10-17 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for enhancing or affecting neural stimulation efficiency and/or efficacy
US7742820B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2010-06-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
US7908009B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2011-03-15 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
US7917225B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2011-03-29 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
US20090030332A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2009-01-29 Schecter Stuart O microfabricated cardiac sensor with tactile feedback and method and apparatus for calibrating the same using a plurality of signals
US7963925B1 (en) 2005-01-26 2011-06-21 Schecter Stuart O Method and apparatus for defining the effect of atrial arrhythmias on cardiac performance and directing therapy using a plurality of intrinsically and extrinsically derived signals
US20060167529A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2006-07-27 Schecter Stuart O Method and algorithm for defining the pathologic state from a plurality of intrinsically and extrinsically derived signals
US20100312129A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2010-12-09 Schecter Stuart O Cardiovascular haptic handle system
US8956304B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2015-02-17 Stuart Schecter LLC Cardiovascular haptic handle system
US8663122B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2014-03-04 Stuart Schecter LLC Cardiovascular haptic handle system
US20080195163A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2008-08-14 Friederike Scharmer Electromedical Implantable or Extracorporeally Applicable Device For the Treatment or Monitoring of Organs, and Method For Therapeutic Organ Treatment
US9457184B2 (en) * 2005-04-06 2016-10-04 Berlin Heals Holding Ag Electromedical implantable or extracorporeally applicable device for the treatment or monitoring of organs, and method for therapeutic organ treatment
US11185687B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2021-11-30 Berlin Heals Gmbh Electromedical implantable or extracorporeally applicable device for the treatment or monitoring of organs, and methods for therapeutic organ treatment
US7729773B2 (en) 2005-10-19 2010-06-01 Advanced Neuromodualation Systems, Inc. Neural stimulation and optical monitoring systems and methods
US8929991B2 (en) 2005-10-19 2015-01-06 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Methods for establishing parameters for neural stimulation, including via performance of working memory tasks, and associated kits
US20070088404A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-04-19 Allen Wyler Methods and systems for improving neural functioning, including cognitive functioning and neglect disorders
WO2008073420A3 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-10-09 Northstar Neuroscience Inc Systems and methods for treating patient hypertonicity
WO2008073420A2 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 Northstar Neuroscience, Inc. Systems and methods for treating patient hypertonicity
US20080172103A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-17 Vanderbilt University Methods and system for brain stimulation
EP2214488A4 (en) * 2007-11-06 2010-11-03 Ellis L Kline Compositions and methods for treating parkinson's disease and related disorders
EP2214488A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2010-08-11 Ellis L. Kline Compositions and methods for treating parkinson's disease and related disorders
US20090163458A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2009-06-25 Ellis L Kline Compositions and methods for treating Parkinson's disease and related disorders
EP2274050A2 (en) * 2008-04-18 2011-01-19 Medtronic, Inc. Timing therapy evaluation trials
WO2009129480A3 (en) * 2008-04-18 2010-03-25 Medtronic, Inc. Psychiatric disorder therapy control
US20090264957A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Analyzing a washout period characteristic for psychiatric disorder therapy delivery
US9333350B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2016-05-10 Medtronic, Inc. Psychiatric disorder therapy control
US9613184B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2017-04-04 Medtronic, Inc. Analyzing a washout period characteristic for psychiatric disorder therapy delivery
US20090264956A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Psychiatric disorder therapy control
US20090264955A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Analyzing a stimulation period characteristic for psychiatric disorder therapy delivery
US10493281B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2019-12-03 Medtronic, Inc. Timing therapy evaluation trials
US20090264967A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Timing therapy evaluation trials
US9375585B2 (en) * 2009-06-17 2016-06-28 Nexstim Oy Magnetic stimulation device and method
US20120101366A1 (en) * 2009-06-17 2012-04-26 Nexstim Oy Magnetic stimulation device and method
WO2011013041A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. System and method for deep brain stimulation
CN102470247A (en) * 2009-07-30 2012-05-23 沙皮恩斯脑部刺激控制有限公司 System and method for deep brain stimulation
US9119543B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2015-09-01 Medtronic Bakken Research Center B.V. System and method for deep brain stimulation
CN102548610A (en) * 2009-09-10 2012-07-04 里斯比卡迪亚公司 Respiratory rectification
US8914115B2 (en) 2009-12-03 2014-12-16 Medtronic, Inc. Selecting therapy cycle parameters based on monitored brain signal
US20110137371A1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2011-06-09 Medtronic, Inc. Selecting therapy cycle parameters based on monitored brain signal
WO2011098937A1 (en) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method and system for determining settings for deep brain stimulation
CN102762253A (en) * 2010-02-12 2012-10-31 沙皮恩斯脑部刺激控制有限公司 Method and system for determining settings for deep brain stimulation
US9265932B2 (en) 2010-02-12 2016-02-23 Medtronic Bakken Research Center B.V. Method and system for determining settings for deep brain stimulation
US8565886B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2013-10-22 Medtronic, Inc. Arousal state modulation with electrical stimulation
US10252055B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2019-04-09 Medtronic, Inc. Target therapy delivery site selection
US8706181B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2014-04-22 Medtronic, Inc. Target therapy delivery site selection
US8942828B1 (en) 2011-04-13 2015-01-27 Stuart Schecter, LLC Minimally invasive cardiovascular support system with true haptic coupling
US10013082B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2018-07-03 Stuart Schecter, LLC Operating system with haptic interface for minimally invasive, hand-held surgical instrument
US20210085976A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2021-03-25 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US10974049B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2021-04-13 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc Artificial intelligence systems for quantifying movement disorder symptoms and adjusting treatment based on symptom quantification
US11383087B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2022-07-12 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods, and intelligent methods of tuning
US9522278B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2016-12-20 Great Lakes Neuro Technologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US20140074180A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 Dustin A. Heldman Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US11975195B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2024-05-07 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Artificial intelligence systems for quantifying movement disorder symptoms and adjusting treatment based on symptom quantification
US11759642B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2023-09-19 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy and brain mapping system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US9717920B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2017-08-01 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods, and intelligent methods of tuning
US20140074179A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-13 Dustin A Heldman Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods, and intelligent methods of tuning
US9238142B2 (en) * 2012-09-10 2016-01-19 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US10092754B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2018-10-09 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US10881856B2 (en) * 2012-09-10 2021-01-05 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US20180361153A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2018-12-20 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US10758732B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2020-09-01 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy and brain mapping system and methods of tuning remotely, intelligently and/or automatically
US9211417B2 (en) * 2012-09-10 2015-12-15 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods, and intelligent methods of tuning
US10478626B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2019-11-19 Great Lakes Neurotechnologies Inc. Movement disorder therapy system, devices and methods, and intelligent methods of tuning
EP2968945A4 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-11-30 Univ Duke Systems and methods for applying electrical stimulation for optimizing spinal cord stimulation
AU2022206452B2 (en) * 2013-03-13 2023-11-16 Duke University Systems and methods for applying electrical stimulation for optimizing spinal cord stimulation
US11357983B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2022-06-14 Duke University Systems and methods for applying electrical stimulation for optimizing spinal cord stimulation
US10232179B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2019-03-19 Duke University Systems and methods for administering spinal cord stimulation based on temporal patterns of electrical stimulation
US20150005568A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2015-01-01 California Institute Of Technology Remote activation of the midbrain by transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex
US9597500B2 (en) * 2013-06-26 2017-03-21 California Institute Of Technology Remote activation of the midbrain by transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex
US20180304082A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2018-10-25 Medtronic, Inc. Movement disorder symptom control
US10820819B2 (en) * 2014-01-17 2020-11-03 Medtronic, Inc. Movement disorder symptom control
US20150242580A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-08-27 Medicalcue, Inc. Systems and methods for point of care guidance
US20160022168A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 University Of Lethbridge Brain state dependent therapy for improved neural training and rehabilitation
US9649492B2 (en) * 2014-12-31 2017-05-16 Tsinghua University Variable frequency stimulation therapy method and implantable medical device
CN106139396A (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-11-23 清华大学 A kind of implanted electric pulse stimulation system
US9724521B2 (en) 2015-04-09 2017-08-08 Medtronic, Inc. Frequency based therapy generation
US11565114B2 (en) * 2015-09-21 2023-01-31 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Automated program optimization
US11103708B2 (en) 2016-06-01 2021-08-31 Duke University Systems and methods for determining optimal temporal patterns of neural stimulation
US10960202B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2021-03-30 Medtronic, Inc. Adaptive deep brain stimulation using movement desynchronization
US11666750B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2023-06-06 Medtronic, Inc. Adaptive deep brain stimulation using homeostatic window
US10953222B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2021-03-23 Medtronic, Inc. Adaptive deep brain stimulation using frequency sub-bands
US10864368B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2020-12-15 Medtronic, Inc. Adaptive deep brain stimulation using homeostatic window
US11975187B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2024-05-07 Medtronic, Inc. Adaptive deep brain stimulation using movement desynchronization
US12053627B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2024-08-06 Medtronic, Inc. Adaptive deep brain stimulation using frequency sub-bands
US11123565B1 (en) 2016-10-31 2021-09-21 Nevro Corp. Treatment of neurodegenerative disease with high frequency stimulation, and associated systems and methods
US11123549B1 (en) 2017-09-08 2021-09-21 Nevro Corp. Electrical therapy applied to the brain with increased efficacy and/or decreased undesirable side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11944811B1 (en) 2017-09-08 2024-04-02 Nevro Corp. Electrical therapy applied to the brain with increased efficacy and/or decreased undesirable side effects, and associated systems and methods
US12102820B1 (en) 2017-09-08 2024-10-01 Nevro Corp. Electrical therapy applied to the brain with increased efficacy and/or decreased undesirable side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11266849B2 (en) * 2017-12-12 2022-03-08 Eb Neuro S.P.A. Control device and a machine for interactive cerebral and bodily navigation with real-time anatomical display and control functions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004052183A2 (en) 2004-06-24
US7236830B2 (en) 2007-06-26
AU2003293541A1 (en) 2004-06-30
US20070112393A1 (en) 2007-05-17
US20100292754A1 (en) 2010-11-18
US7353064B2 (en) 2008-04-01
EP1569714A2 (en) 2005-09-07
US10004901B2 (en) 2018-06-26
US20160367810A1 (en) 2016-12-22
CA2508827A1 (en) 2004-06-24
WO2004052183A3 (en) 2004-11-04
AU2003293541B2 (en) 2009-03-05
US20120065700A1 (en) 2012-03-15
US9427585B2 (en) 2016-08-30
US20040249422A1 (en) 2004-12-09
EP1569714A4 (en) 2008-03-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10004901B2 (en) Systems and methods for enhancing or optimizing neural stimulation therapy for treating symptoms of parkinson's disease and/or other movement disorders
US11786729B2 (en) Systems and methods for enhancing or affecting neural stimulation efficiency and/or efficacy
US7917225B2 (en) Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
US9265931B2 (en) Treatment of language, behavior and social disorders
US7684866B2 (en) Apparatus and methods for applying neural stimulation to a patient
US8000794B2 (en) Method and apparatus for affecting neurologic function and/or treating Neurologic dysfunction through timed neural stimulation
US7831305B2 (en) Neural stimulation system and method responsive to collateral neural activity

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: VERTIS NEUROSCIENCE, INC., WASHINGTON

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GLINER, BRADFORD EVAN;REEL/FRAME:014069/0339

Effective date: 20030422

AS Assignment

Owner name: NORTHSTAR NEUROSCIENCE, INC., WASHINGTON

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:VERTIS NEUROSCIENCE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014463/0435

Effective date: 20030626

Owner name: NORTHSTAR NEUROSCIENCE, INC.,WASHINGTON

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:VERTIS NEUROSCIENCE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014463/0435

Effective date: 20030626

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

CC Certificate of correction
AS Assignment

Owner name: ADVANCED NEUROMODULATION SYSTEMS, INC., TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NORTHSTAR NEUROSCIENCE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022813/0542

Effective date: 20090521

Owner name: ADVANCED NEUROMODULATION SYSTEMS, INC.,TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NORTHSTAR NEUROSCIENCE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022813/0542

Effective date: 20090521

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAT HOLDER NO LONGER CLAIMS SMALL ENTITY STATUS, ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: STOL); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 12TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1553); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 12