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TWI731129B - 電子裝置 - Google Patents

電子裝置 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI731129B
TWI731129B TW106125656A TW106125656A TWI731129B TW I731129 B TWI731129 B TW I731129B TW 106125656 A TW106125656 A TW 106125656A TW 106125656 A TW106125656 A TW 106125656A TW I731129 B TWI731129 B TW I731129B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
semiconductor device
terminal
semiconductor
electrode
substrate
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Application number
TW106125656A
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English (en)
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TW201820586A (zh
Inventor
板東晃司
武藤晃
Original Assignee
日商瑞薩電子股份有限公司
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Publication of TW201820586A publication Critical patent/TW201820586A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI731129B publication Critical patent/TWI731129B/zh

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Abstract

本發明提供一種電子裝置,改善半導體裝置的性能。搭載於基板WB上之半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2,分別具備射極端子ET,其與半導體晶片CHP1的表面電極電性連接,從位於半導體晶片CHP1之表面側的密封體之主面露出。此外,半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2,分別具備集極端子CT,其與半導體晶片CHP1的背面電極電性連接,從位於半導體晶片CHP1之背面側的密封體之主面露出。此外,半導體裝置PAC1的集極端子CT,藉由形成在基板WB之頂面WBt的導體圖案MP1,而與半導體裝置PAC2的射極端子ET電性連接。

Description

電子裝置
本發明係關於一種電子裝置(半導體模組),例如,關於有效應用在將複數半導體裝置搭載於基板之電子裝置的技術。
於日本特開2015-50356號公報公報(專利文獻1)記載一種半導體裝置,於配線基板上搭載複數個半導體裝置,該半導體裝置密封有:形成有絕緣閘極雙極性電晶體(IGBT:Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)之半導體晶片、以及形成有二極體之半導體晶片。
此外,於日本特開2011-216822號公報(專利文獻2)記載一種半導體模組,在半導體元件之表面側與背面側分別連接引出電極。
此外,於日本特開2005-294464號公報(專利文獻3)記載一種半導體裝置,將分別具有電場效應電晶體之複數半導體晶片,搭載於導體圖案上。
[習知技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
專利文獻1:日本特開2015-50356號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2011-216822號公報
專利文獻3:日本特開2005-294464號公報
在驅動空氣調節裝置、汽車、或各種產業機器等之電力供給系統,組裝反相器電路等電力轉換電路。作為此等電力轉換電路之構成例,具有電子裝置(電力轉換裝置、半導體模組),其將具有作為切換元件而運作之電晶體(功率電晶體)的複數半導體晶片搭載於一片基板,使其等彼此電性連接。
作為電子裝置之態樣,具有以下構造:將直接搭載於基板上的複數半導體晶片,藉由基板上之配線、引線等導電性構件而彼此連接。此一情況,在使電子裝置小型化方面上有效。然則,在半導體晶片的電極連接引線等導電性構件之步驟、或將半導體晶片的周圍密封之步驟,係在電子裝置的基板上施行,故從製造效率或可靠度的觀點來看,仍有改善的餘地。
因而,本案發明人,改變在基板上直接搭載複數半導體晶片之態樣(下稱裸晶片搭載方式),而對在基板搭載以樹脂密封有半導體晶片的複數半導體封裝(半導體裝置)之態樣(下稱封裝搭載方式)予以檢討。封裝搭載方式的情 況,在半導體晶片的電極連接引線等導電性構件之步驟、或將半導體晶片的周圍密封之步驟,係在將半導體封裝搭載於基板前預先實施。因此,從電子裝置之製造效率或可靠度的觀點來看,封裝搭載方式較裸晶片搭載方式更佳。
然而,在檢討封裝搭載方式之性能改善的情況,在其他方面仍有改善的餘地。例如,電子裝置的外部端子,係藉由半導體封裝的端子而與半導體晶片的電極連接。因此,藉由半導體封裝之佈局等,可改善電子裝置的內部電路之電氣特性。
其他課題與新特徵,應可自本說明書之記述內容及附圖明瞭。
一實施形態之電子裝置,包含搭載於基板之第1面上的第1半導體裝置及第2半導體裝置。該第1半導體裝置及該第2半導體裝置分別包含半導體晶片,該半導體晶片具有:表面、形成於該表面的表面電極、該表面之相反側的背面、及形成於該背面的背面電極。此外,該第1半導體裝置及該第2半導體裝置,分別包含密封該半導體晶片之密封體,該密封體具有第1主面、及該第1主面之相反側的第2主面。此外,該第1半導體裝置及該第2半導體裝置,分別具備:表面端子,與該半導體晶片的該表面電極電性連接,從位於該半導體晶片之該表面側的該密封體之該第1主面露出;以及背面端子,與該半導體晶片的該背面電極電性連接,從位於該半導體晶片之該背面側的該密封體之該第2主面露出。此外, 該第1半導體裝置的該背面電極,藉由形成於該基板之該第1面的第1導體圖案,而與該第2半導體裝置的該表面電極電性連接。
依照上述一實施形態,則可改善半導體裝置的性能。
ADH1、ADH2、ADH3:導電性黏接材(黏晶材、導電性構件、連接構件、接合材)
ADP:陽極電極(陽極電極墊、表面電極)
BMS:基材(金屬基材、金屬板)
BND1、BND2、BND3:連接構件(導電性構件、導電性黏接材、接合材)
BSN、BSP、BSU:匯流排(導電性構件、連接構件、導體條)
BSNX、BSNz、BSPX、BSPz、BSUz:部分
BW:引線(導電性構件)
CAP:電容元件
CAS:殼體
CDP:陰極電極(陰極電極墊、背面電極)
CHP1、CHP2:半導體晶片
CHPb:背面(面、底面、主面)
CHPt:表面(面、頂面、主面)
CLP:扣件(導電性構件、金屬板、電極連接構件)
CP:集極電極(集極電極墊、背面電極)
CT:集極端子(封裝端子、背面端子)
DP:晶粒銲墊(晶片搭載部、金屬板、凸片、散熱片)
E:直流電源
EA1、EA2:電子裝置(半導體模組、電源模組)
EAU1:單元(電子裝置單元)
EP:射極電極(射極電極墊、表面電極)
ER、NR1、NR2、NR3、NR4、PR1、PR2、PR3、PR4:半導體領域
ET:射極端子(封裝端子、表面端子)
FWD:二極體(飛輪二極體)
GC:閘極控制電路
GE、GP:閘極電極(閘極電極墊、表面電極)
GOX:閘極絕緣膜
GT:閘極端子
GTE1、GTE2、NTE、PTE、UTE、VTE、WTE:端子(外部端子)
IF1、IF2、IF3:絕緣膜
INV:反相器電路
LD、LDC:導線(端子)
LF:導線框
LFF:框部
LG1、LG2、LG3:接腳
LG1A、LG1B:單位接腳
LS1、LS2:長邊
MB1、MPL1、MPL2:金屬板(導電性構件)
MP1、MP2、MP3、MP3、MP4、MP5:導體圖案(配線圖案、金屬圖案)
MR:密封體(樹脂體)
MRb:主面(底面、背面)
MRs:側面
MRt:主面(頂面、表面)
MRt2:頂面(主面)
MT:三相感應馬達
MTE:監測端子
NT:負電位端子(低壓端端子)
PAC、PAC1、PAC1A、PAC1B、PAC2、PAC2A、PAC2B:半導體裝置(半導體封裝)
PKG:封裝
PT:正電位端子(高壓端端子)
PTH1、PTH2、PTH3、PTHN、PTHP:路徑(傳送路徑)
Q1:電晶體
RT:轉子
SDF:金屬膜
SGTE:訊號端子
SS3、SS4:短邊
ST:訊號端子
SW1~SW6:開關
TB:連結條
THH:貫通孔
TR:溝槽
VL1、VL2、VL3:延伸距離
WB:基板
WBb:底面(背面、面)
WBt:頂面(表面、面)
圖1係將三相反相器電路配置於直流電源與三相感應馬達之間的電路圖。
圖2係說明三相反相器電路之動作的時序圖。
圖3係顯示實施形態1之包含反相器電路及三相感應馬達的馬達電路之構造的電路圖。
圖4係顯示實施形態1之電子裝置的外觀之立體圖。
圖5係顯示圖4所示之電子裝置的內部構造之俯視圖。
圖6係顯示形成有圖3所示之電晶體的半導體晶片之表面側形狀的俯視圖。
圖7係顯示圖6所示之半導體晶片的背面之俯視圖。
圖8係顯示圖6及圖7所示之半導體晶片所具有的電晶體之構造例的剖面圖。
圖9係顯示形成有圖3所示之二極體的半導體晶片之表面側形狀的俯視圖。
圖10係顯示圖9所示之半導體晶片的背面之俯視圖。
圖11係顯示圖9及圖10所示之半導體晶片所具有的二極體之構造例的剖面圖。
圖12係顯示圖5所示之複數半導體裝置中的一個之一方的主面側之形狀例的俯視圖。
圖13係顯示圖12所示之半導體裝置的相反側之主面的形狀例之俯視圖。
圖14係顯示圖12及圖13所示之半導體裝置的內部構造之俯視圖。
圖15係沿著圖12之A-A線的剖面圖。
圖16係將圖5所示之3個單元中的一個放大顯示之放大俯視圖。
圖17係顯示與圖16所示之單元對應的電路要素之電路圖。
圖18係沿著圖16之A-A線的剖面圖。
圖19係沿著圖16之B-B線的剖面圖。
圖20係沿著將低壓端的端子與半導體晶片的電極電性連接之路徑的剖面圖。
圖21係沿著將高壓端的端子與半導體晶片的電極電性連接之路徑的剖面圖。
圖22係沿著圖5之A-A線的剖面圖。
圖23係顯示圖14及圖15所示的半導體裝置之組裝流程的說明圖。
圖24係顯示接續圖23的半導體裝置之組裝流程的說明圖。
圖25係顯示接續圖24的半導體裝置之組裝流程的說明圖。
圖26係顯示在圖24所示之密封步驟中,形成有將半導體晶片密封的密封體之狀態的放大剖面圖。
圖27係顯示實施形態2之電子裝置的電路構成例之電路圖。
圖28係顯示圖27所示之電子裝置的外觀形狀之立體圖。
圖29係顯示圖28所示之電子裝置的內部構造之俯視圖。
圖30係沿著圖29之A-A線的剖面圖。
圖31係沿著圖29之B-B線的剖面圖。
圖32係沿著圖29之C-C線的剖面圖。
(本案發明之記載形式、基本用語、用法的說明)
本案發明中,實施態樣之記載內容,雖為了方便因應必要分割為複數個部分等予以記載,但除了特別指出並非如此之情況以外,其等並非彼此獨立分離,而係無關記載順序的前後,單一例子之各部分,其一方為另一方的部分細節、或為部分或全部之變形例等。此外,原則上,在同樣部分省略重複的說明。此外,實施態樣之各構成要素,除了特別指出並非如此之情況、理論上限定為該數目之情況、及從文脈來看顯然並非如此之情況以外,並非為必要。
同樣地在實施態樣等之記載內容中,關於材料、組成等,即便記載「由A構成的X」等,除了特別指出並非如此之情況、及從文脈來看顯然並非如此之情況以外,並未排除包含A以外之要素者。例如,說到成分,其係「包含A作為其主要成分的X」等之意。例如,即便記載「矽構件」等,仍並未限定為純矽,自然亦包含含有SiGe(矽鍺)合金或其他以矽為主要成分的多元合金、其他添加物等的構件。此外,即便記載鍍金、Cu層、鍍鎳等,除了特別指出並非如此之情況以外,並非為純物質,而包含分別以金、Cu、鎳等為主要成分的構件。
進一步,即便提及特定的數值、數量,除了特別指出並非如此之情況、理論上限定為該數目之情況、及從文脈來看顯然並非如此之情況以外,可為超過該特定數值的數值,亦可為未滿該特定數值的數值。
此外,實施形態之各附圖中,將同一或同樣的部分以同一或類似的記號或參考編號表示,原則上不重複說明。
此外,在附圖中,相反地,在變得繁複之情況或與空隙的區別明確之情況,有即便為剖面圖仍省略影線等之情況。關於此點,在從說明內容等可顯然得知之情況等,即便為俯視時封閉的孔,仍有省略背景的輪廓線之情況。進一步,即便並非為剖面圖,仍有為了特別指出並非為空隙,或為了特別指出領域的邊界,而給予影線、點圖案之情況。
(實施形態1)
本實施形態,作為將複數半導體裝置搭載於基板之電子裝置的例子,列舉電力轉換裝置為例而予以說明,其係具備反相器電路(電力轉換電路)之半導體模組的。
反相器電路,係將直流電力轉換為交流電力之電路。例如,若交互輸出正的直流電源與負的直流電源,則因應此輸出而電流之方向逆轉。此一情況,因電流之方向交互逆轉,故可將輸出視為交流電力。此係反相器電路之原理。此處,即便記載交流電力,仍如以單相交流電力、三相交流電力為代表地具有各 式各樣的形態。本實施形態1,列舉將直流電力轉換為三相交流電力之三相反相器電路為例而予以說明。然而,本實施形態1之技術思想,並未限定於應用在三相反相器電路之情況,例如,亦可廣泛地應用在單相反相器電路等。
<三相反相器電路之構造>
圖1為,將三相反相器電路INV配置於直流電源與三相感應馬達MT之間的電路圖。如圖1所示,為了將來自直流電源E的電力轉換為三相交流電力,而使用以開關SW1~SW6的6個開關構成之三相反相器電路INV。具體而言,如圖1所示,三相反相器電路INV,具有將開關SW1與開關SW2串聯連接之接腳(leg)LG1、將開關SW3與開關SW4串聯連接之接腳LG2、及將開關SW5與開關SW6串聯連接之接腳LG3,而接腳LG1~接腳LG3係並聯連接。此時,開關SW1、開關SW3、開關SW5,構成上臂,開關SW2、開關SW4、開關SW6,構成下臂。
此外,開關SW1與開關SW2之間的點U,和三相感應馬達MT的U’相彼此連接。同樣地,開關SW3與開關SW4之間的點V,和三相感應馬達MT的V’相彼此連接;開關SW5與開關SW6之間的點W,和三相感應馬達MT的W’相彼此連接。如此地,構成三相反相器電路INV。
<電路動作>
接著,對於具有上述構造之三相反相器電路INV的動作予以說明。圖2為,說明三相反相器電路INV之動作的時序圖。如圖2所示,在三相反相器電路INV中,由開關SW1及開關SW2構成之接腳LG1(參考圖1)如同下述地運作。例如, 使開關SW1為ON時,開關SW2為OFF。另一方面,使開關SW1為OFF時,開關SW2為ON。此外,由開關SW3及開關SW4構成之接腳LG2(參考圖1)、及由開關SW5及開關SW6構成之接腳LG3(參考圖1),亦分別與接腳LG1同樣地運作。亦即,使開關SW3為ON時,開關SW4為OFF。另一方面,使開關SW3為OFF時,開關SW4為ON。此外,使開關SW5為ON時,開關SW6為OFF。另一方面,使開關SW5為OFF時,開關SW6為ON。
而如圖2所示,3組開關對(亦即,圖1所示之接腳LG1、LG2、及LG3)的切換動作,係以彼此具有120度之相位差的方式施行。此時,點U、點V、點W之各自的電位,因應3組開關對的切換動作,而在0與E0變化。此外,例如,U,相與V’相之間的線間電壓,為從U’相的電位減去V’相的電位,故描繪在+E0、0、-E0變化之電壓波形。V’相與W’相之間的線間電壓,成為相對於U’相與V’相之間的線間電壓,相位偏移120度之電壓波形,進一步,W’相與U’相之間的線間電壓,成為相對於V’相與W’相之間的線間電壓,相位偏移120度之電壓波形。如此地藉由使開關SW1~開關SW6切換運作,而使各自的線間電壓,成為階梯狀之交流電壓波形,且彼此的線間電壓之交流電壓波形具有120度的相位差。因此,依照三相反相器電路INV,則可將從直流電源E供給的直流電力轉換為三相交流電力。
<電路構成例>
本實施形態1之電子裝置,例如,使用在汽車、空氣調節裝置(空調:air conditioner)、或產業機器等使用之三相感應馬達的驅動電路。此驅動電路,包 含反相器電路,此反相器電路為具有將直流電力轉換為交流電力之功能的電路。圖3為,顯示本實施形態1之包含反相器電路及三相感應馬達的馬達電路之構造的電路圖。
圖3中,馬達電路,具有三相感應馬達MT及反相器電路INV。三相感應馬達MT,構成為藉由相位不同之三相電壓而驅動。三相感應馬達MT,利用具有彼此偏移120度的相位之被稱作U’相、V’相、W’相的三相交流電,在係導體之轉子RT周圍產生旋轉磁場。此一情況,磁場在轉子RT周圍旋轉。此係指,橫切過係導體之轉子RT的磁束改變之意。此一結果,在係導體之轉子RT產生電磁感應,感應電流往轉子RT流動。感應電流在旋轉磁場中流動,係指依照弗萊明之左手法則而對轉子RT施力之意,轉子RT因此力而旋轉。如此地三相感應馬達MT,藉由利用三相交流電,而可使轉子RT旋轉。因此,三相感應馬達MT中,三相交流電為必要。因而,馬達電路,藉由利用從直流電製造出交流電的反相器電路INV,而對三相感應馬達供給三相交流電。
以下,對於此反相器電路INV之實際的構成例予以說明。如圖3所示,例如,於本實施形態1之反相器電路INV,與三相對應而設置電晶體Q1與二極體FWD。亦即,實際的反相器電路INV中,例如,圖1所示之開關SW1~開關SW6,分別由將如圖3所示之電晶體Q1與二極體FWD反向並聯連接的構成要素所構成。亦即,圖3中,接腳LG1之上臂及下臂、接腳LG2之上臂及下臂、接腳LG3之上臂及下臂,分別由將電晶體Q1與二極體FWD反向並聯連接的構成要素所構成。
圖3所示之電晶體Q1,係組裝於電力轉換電路等大電流流通的電路之功率電晶體(電力電路用電晶體),本實施形態之例子為例如IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor,絕緣閘極雙極性電晶體)。作為變形例,亦可使用功率MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor,金氧半場效電晶體)作為反相器電路INV之切換元件。若依照此功率MOSFET,則因其係藉由對閘極電極施加之電壓控制ON/OFF動作的電壓驅動型電晶體,故具有可高速切換之優點。另一方面,功率MOSFET,具有隨著追求高耐壓化,而導通電阻變高發、熱量變大之性質。此係因,功率MOSFET,藉由將低濃度的磊晶層(漂移層)之厚度增厚而確保耐壓,但若低濃度的磊晶層之厚度變厚,則電阻變大成為其副作用。
此外,作為切換元件,雖亦存在可處理大電力之雙極性電晶體,但雙極性電晶體,係藉由基極電流控制ON/OFF動作的電流驅動型電晶體,故具有切換速度相較於前述功率MOSFET通常較為緩慢之性質。
因此,在係大電力,且須高速切換之用途中,宜使用IGBT作為切換元件。此一IGBT,由功率MOSFET與雙極性電晶體的組合所構成,為兼具功率MOSFET之高速切換特性、及雙極性電晶體之高耐壓性的半導體元件。亦即,依照IGBT,則其係大電力且可高速切換,故成為適合大電流且須高速切換之用途的半導體元件。從上述內容來看,本實施形態1之反相器電路INV,作為構成切換元件的電晶體Q1,採用IGBT。
此外,本實施形態1之反相器電路INV中,在供給相對較高之電位的正電位端子(高壓端(high side)端子)PT與三相感應馬達MT的各相(U’相、V’相、W’相)之間,將電晶體Q1與二極體FWD反向並聯連接。此外,在三相感應馬達MT的各相與供給相對較低之電位的負電位端子(低壓端(low side)端子)NT之間,亦將電晶體Q1與二極體FWD反向並聯連接。亦即,在每個單相設置2個電晶體Q1與2個二極體FWD,在三相設置6個電晶體Q1與6個二極體FWD。此外,各個電晶體Q1的閘極電極,與閘極控制電路GC連接,藉由此閘極控制電路GC,控制電晶體Q1的切換動作。在如此地構成之反相器電路INV中,藉由以閘極控制電路GC控制電晶體Q1的切換動作,而將直流電力轉換為三相交流電力,將此三相交流電力對三相感應馬達MT供給。
本實施形態1之反相器電路INV,雖使用電晶體Q1作為切換元件,但以與該電晶體Q1反向並聯連接的方式設置二極體FWD。單就以切換元件實現開關功能的觀點來看,吾人認為必須有作為切換元件之電晶體Q1,但並無設置二極體FWD之必要。關於此點,在與反相器電路INV連接之負載包含電感的情況,必須設置二極體FWD。
在負載為不包含電感之純電阻的情況,不具有回流之能量故不需要二極體FWD。然則,在負載與包含如馬達等電感之電路連接的情況,具有負載電流往與呈ON之開關的反方向流通之模式。亦即,在負載包含電感的情況,具有能量從負載之電感返回反相器電路INV的情形(有電流逆流的情形)。
此時,係IGBT之電晶體Q1單體,不具有可使此回流電流流通的功能,故必須將二極體FWD與電晶體Q1反向並聯連接。亦即,反相器電路INV中,在如馬達控制般地於負載包含電感的情況,在將電晶體Q1關閉時,必須將儲存於電感的能量(1/2LI2)放出。然而,在電晶體Q1單體,無法流通用於放出儲存於電感的能量之回流電流。因而,為了使儲存於此電感的電能量回流,而將二極體FWD與電晶體Q1反向並聯連接。亦即,二極體FWD,為了放出儲存於電感的電能量而具有使回流電流流通之功能。由上述內容來看,在與包含電感的負載連接之反相器電路中,必須設置與係切換元件之電晶體Q1反向並聯連接的二極體FWD。此二極體FWD,稱作飛輪二極體。
此外,本實施形態1之反相器電路INV的情況,例如,如圖3所示,在正電位端子PT與負電位端子NT之間,連接電容元件CAP。此電容元件CAP,例如,具有追求在反相器電路INV之切換雜訊的平滑化、系統電壓的穩定化之功能。圖3所示之例子中,電容元件CAP,雖設置於反相器電路INV的外部,但電容元件CAP亦可設置於反相器電路INV的內部。
<電子裝置的安裝態樣>
接著,對於具有圖3所示之反相器電路INV的電子裝置之安裝態樣的例子予以說明。圖4為,顯示本實施形態1之電子裝置的外觀之立體圖。圖5為,顯示圖4所示之電子裝置的內部構造之俯視圖。圖5為俯視圖,但對基板WB給予影線而表示。此外,圖5中,僅顯示圖4所示之殼體CAS中的安裝作為外部端子之端子UTE等的部分。
如圖4所示,本實施形態之電子裝置EA1,具有殼體CAS、及從殼體CAS露出之複數外部端子。殼體CAS,為覆蓋搭載有圖5所示之複數半導體裝置(半導體封裝)PAC1、PAC2的基板WB之罩蓋構件。如後述圖18所示,基板WB之頂面WBt,為殼體CAS所覆蓋。圖4所示之殼體CAS及圖5所示之基板WB,分別具有以彼此重疊的方式設置之貫通孔THH,藉由將未圖示之螺絲插入至貫通孔THH,而可固定殼體CAS與基板WB。本實施形態之例子中,殼體CAS為長方形之平面形狀,沿著X方向具有長邊,沿著與X方向垂直的Y方向具有短邊。
此外,從殼體CAS露出之複數外部端子,包含以下端子。亦即,電子裝置EA1,具有端子PTE(正電位端子PT)及端子NTE(負電位端子NT)。此外,電子裝置EA1,具有係U’相、V’相、W’相之輸出端子的端子UTE、端子VTE、及端子WTE。此外,電子裝置EA1,具有在與半導體裝置之間傳送訊號的複數訊號端子SGTE。複數訊號端子SGTE,包含將閘極訊號往半導體裝置傳送的端子GTE1、GTE2。此外,複數訊號端子SGTE包含監測端子MTE,其輸出例如監視溫度、電壓、或電流等,半導體裝置之運作狀態所用的訊號。
複數外部端子之配置方法雖具有各種變形例,但本實施形態之例子,將複數外部端子如同下述地配置。亦即,端子PTE及端子NTE,沿著殼體CAS的短邊而在Y方向配置。此外,端子UTE、端子VTE、及端子WTE,沿著殼體CAS之一方的長邊而在X方向配置。此外,複數訊號端子SGTE,沿著殼體CAS之另一方的長邊而在X方向配置。
此外,本案發明中,把用於將搭載於殼體CAS的內部之複數半導體裝置與外部機器(例如,圖3所示之三相感應馬達MT)電性連接的導電性構件中在殼體CAS的外部露出之部分,定義為外部端子。因此,圖5所示之複數外部端子,分別為從被殼體CAS覆蓋之部分往殼體CAS之外側導出的導電性構件,但外部端子並未包含未被殼體CAS覆蓋之部分。
此外,如圖5所示,電子裝置EA1,具有基板WB。基板WB,具有頂面(表面、面)WBt、及位於頂面WBt之相反側的底面(背面、面)WBb(參考後述圖18)。基板WB之頂面WBt,呈由一對長邊、及和一對長邊交叉之一對短邊所構成的矩形形狀。圖5所示之例子中,基板WB之頂面WBt,具有在X方向延伸之二條長邊、及在Y方向延伸之二條短邊。於基板WB之頂面WBt,形成複數導體圖案MP1。複數半導體裝置PAC1、PAC2,搭載於形成在基板WB之頂面WBt的導體圖案MP1上。
此外,本實施形態之電子裝置EA1,具備3個單元(電子裝置單元)EAU1,而3個單元EAU1,分別呈藉由在Y方向延伸之一對長邊、及在X方向延伸之一對短邊而規定的矩形形狀。3個單元EAU1,分別相當於圖1所示之接腳LG1、LG2、及LG3。
3個單元EAU1,例如,如圖5所示,配置為在X方向排列。亦即,本實施形態1中,單元EAU1存在複數個,而複數單元EAU1,在一對短邊延伸的X方向(第1方向)排列配置。
在構成電子裝置EA1之3個單元EAU1,分別搭載半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2。換而言之,在3個單元EAU1,如圖5所示,分別搭載複數半導體裝置,作為一例,本實施形態1中,在各個單元EAU1搭載2個半導體裝置。本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1,具有3個單元EAU1,故本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1,全部包含6個半導體裝置。圖5所示之搭載於各單元EAU1的半導體裝置PAC2,相當於圖1所示之開關SW1、SW3、或SW5。同樣地,搭載於各單元EAU1的半導體裝置PAC1,相當於圖1所示之開關SW2、SW4、或SW6。
電子裝置EA1所包含的6個半導體裝置,具備彼此相同之構造,細節將於之後另行描述。換而言之,電子裝置EA1所包含的6個半導體裝置,彼此為同種類之電子零件。半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,搭載於導體圖案MP1上的方向相異,細節將於之後另行描述。此外,隨著使半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,如同上述地搭載於導體圖案MP1上的方向相異,而使導線LD的彎曲方向彼此不同。然而,除了上述之相異點以外,半導體裝置PAC1具備與半導體裝置PAC2相同之構造。例如,半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,分別具備圖3所示之電晶體Q1及二極體FWD。
此外,3個單元EAU1,分別與端子PTE及端子NTE連接。本實施形態之情況,單元EAU1,分別與橫跨3個單元EAU1而沿著X方向延伸的匯流排(導電性構件、連接構件、導體條)BSP連接,藉由匯流排BSP而與端子PTE連接。此外,單元EAU1,分別與橫跨3個單元EAU1而沿著X方向延伸的匯流排BSN連接,藉由匯流排BSN而與端子NTE連接。關於匯流排BSP及匯流排BSN之構造及佈局的細節,將於之後內容描述。
此外,單元EAU1,分別與係輸出端子的端子UTE、端子VTE、或端子WTE連接。此外,單元EAU1,分別與複數訊號端子SGTE連接。詳而言之,半導體裝置PAC1,與端子GTE1及監測端子MTE連接;半導體裝置PAC2,與端子GTE2及監測端子MTE連接。從半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2,分別導出複數導線LD,將複數導線LD與訊號端子SGTE連接。
此外,單元EAU1,分別具有形成於基板WB之頂面WBt的導體圖案(金屬圖案)MP1。半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2,搭載於一個導體圖案MP1上。換而言之,半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,藉由導體圖案MP1而電性連接。複數導體圖案MP1,分別藉由金屬板(導電性構件)MB1而與端子UTE、端子VTE、或端子WTE連接。亦即,半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2,藉由導體圖案MP1而與輸出端子連接。
<半導體晶片之構造>
接著,茲就圖5所示之電子裝置EA1具備的各構件之詳細構造依序說明。首先,參考附圖,並對構成圖3所示之反相器電路INV的電晶體Q1與二極體FWD之構造予以說明。圖6為,顯示形成有圖3所示之電晶體的半導體晶片之表面側形狀的俯視圖。圖7為,顯示圖6所示之半導體晶片的背面之俯視圖。圖8為,顯示圖6及圖7所示之半導體晶片所具有的電晶體之構造例的剖面圖。
圖5所示之電子裝置EA1的情況,構成圖3所示之反相器電路INV的電晶體Q1與二極體FWD,形成在彼此獨立的半導體晶片。以下,在對於形成有電晶體Q1的半導體晶片進行說明後,對形成有二極體FWD的半導體晶片予以說明。
如圖6及圖7所示,本實施形態1之半導體晶片CHP1,具有表面(面、頂面、主面)CHPt(參考圖6)、及表面CHPt之相反側的背面(面、底面、主面)CHPb(參考圖7)。半導體晶片CHP1之表面CHPt及背面CHPb,分別為四角形。表面CHPt的面積與背面CHPb的面積,例如相等。
此外,如圖6所示,半導體晶片CHP1,具有形成於表面CHPt的閘極電極(閘極電極墊、表面電極)GP及射極電極(射極電極墊、表面電極)EP。圖6所示之例子中,於表面CHPt,露出一個閘極電極GP、及複數個(圖6中為4個)射極電極EP。複數射極電極EP之各自的露出面積,較閘極電極GP的露出面積更大。射極電極EP,與反相器電路INV(參考圖3)的輸出端子、或負電位端子NT(參考圖3)連接,細節將於之後另行描述。因此,藉由將射極電極EP的露出面積增大,而可降低流通大電流之傳送路徑的阻抗。此外,複數射極電極EP,彼此電 性連接。此外,作為相對於圖6的變形例,亦可取代複數射極電極EP,而設置一個大面積的射極電極EP。
此外,如圖7所示,半導體晶片CHP1,具有形成於背面CHPb的集極電極(集極電極墊、背面電極)CP。涵蓋半導體晶片CHP1的背面CHPb全體地形成集極電極CP。如同比較圖6與圖7所得知,集極電極CP的露出面積,較射極電極EP的露出面積更大。集極電極CP,與反相器電路INV(參考圖3)的輸出端子、或正電位端子PT(參考圖3)連接,細節將於之後另行描述。因此,藉由將集極電極CP的露出面積增大,而可降低流通大電流之傳送路徑的阻抗。
另,圖6及圖7,雖對半導體晶片CHP1之基本構成進行說明,但可應用各種變形例。例如,亦可在設置圖6所示的電極以外,亦設置溫度檢測用的電極、電壓偵測用的電極、或電流偵測用的電極等,半導體晶片CHP1的運作狀態之監視用、或半導體晶片CHP1之檢查用的電極等。設置此等電極之情況,與閘極電極GP同樣地,在半導體晶片CHP1之表面CHPt中露出。此外,此等電極相當於訊號傳送用的電極,各電極的露出面積,較射極電極EP的露出面積更小。
此外,半導體晶片CHP1所具備之電晶體Q1,例如,具有如圖8所示之構造。在形成於半導體晶片CHP1之背面CHPb的集極電極CP上,形成p+型半導體領域PR1。於p+型半導體領域PR1上形成n+型半導體領域NR1,於此n+型半導體領域NR1上形成n-型半導體領域NR2。此外,於n-型半導體領域NR2上形成p型半導體領域PR2,貫通此p型半導體領域PR2,形成到達n-型半導體領域NR2之溝槽 TR。進一步,對準溝槽TR而形成成為射極領域之n+型半導體領域ER。於溝槽TR的內部,例如,形成由氧化矽膜構成之閘極絕緣膜GOX,隔著此閘極絕緣膜GOX而形成閘極電極GE。此閘極電極GE,例如,由多晶矽膜形成,形成為嵌入溝槽TR。
如此地構成之電晶體Q1中,閘極電極GE,藉由圖6所示之閘極電極GP,而與閘極端子GT(細節將於之後另行描述)連接。同樣地,成為射極領域的n+型半導體領域ER,藉由射極電極EP,而與射極端子ET(細節將於之後另行描述)電性連接。成為集極領域的p+型半導體領域PR1,與形成於半導體晶片CHP1之背面CHPb的集極電極CP電性連接。
如此地構成之電晶體Q1,兼具功率MOSFET之高速切換特性及電壓驅動特性,與雙極性電晶體之低導通電壓特性。
另,n+型半導體領域NR1,被稱作緩衝層。此n+型半導體領域NR1,係為了防止下述擊穿(punch through)現象而設置:在將電晶體Q1關閉時,從p型半導體領域PR2成長至n-型半導體領域NR2內的空乏層,與形成在n-型半導體領域NR2之下層的p+型半導體領域PR1接觸。此外,為了限制從p+型半導體領域PR1往n-型半導體領域NR2之電洞注入量等目的,而設置n+型半導體領域NR1。
此外,電晶體Q1的閘極電極,與圖3所示之閘極控制電路GC連接。此時,藉由通過閘極端子GT(參考圖8)對電晶體Q1的閘極電極GE(參考圖8)施加來自閘極控制電路GC之訊號,而可從閘極控制電路GC控制電晶體Q1的切換動作。
接著,對形成有圖3所示之二極體FWD的半導體晶片予以說明。圖9為,顯示形成有圖3所示之二極體的半導體晶片之表面側形狀的俯視圖。圖10為,顯示圖9所示之半導體晶片的背面之俯視圖。此外,圖11為,顯示圖9及圖10所示之半導體晶片所具有的二極體之構造例的剖面圖。
如圖9及圖10所示,本實施形態1之半導體晶片CHP2,具有表面(面、頂面、主面)CHPt(參考圖9)、及表面CHPt之相反側的背面(面、底面、主面)CHPb(參考圖10)。半導體晶片CHP2之表面CHPt及背面CHPb,分別為四角形。表面CHPt的面積與背面CHPb的面積,例如相等。此外,如同比較圖6與圖9所得知,半導體晶片CHP1(參考圖6)之表面CHPt的面積,較半導體晶片CHP2(參考圖9)之表面CHPt的面積更大。
此外,如圖9所示,半導體晶片CHP2,具有形成於表面CHPt的陽極電極(陽極電極墊、表面電極)ADP。此外,如圖10所示,半導體晶片CHP2,具有形成於背面CHPb的陰極電極(陰極電極墊、背面電極)CDP。涵蓋半導體晶片CHP2之背面CHPb全體地形成陰極電極CDP。
此外,半導體晶片CHP2所具備之二極體FWD,例如,具有如圖11所示之構造。如圖11所示,在形成於半導體晶片CHP2之背面CHPb的陰極電極CDP上,形成n+型半導體領域NR3。此外,於n+型半導體領域NR3上形成n-型半導體領域NR4,於n-型半導體領域NR4上,形成彼此分隔之p型半導體領域PR3。於p型半導體領域PR3之間,形成p-型半導體領域PR4。於p型半導體領域PR3與p-型半導體領域PR4上,形成陽極電極ADP。陽極電極ADP,例如,由鋁-矽構成。
依照如此地構成之二極體FWD,若對陽極電極ADP施加正電壓,對陰極電極CDP施加負電壓,則n-型半導體領域NR4與p型半導體領域PR3之間的pn接面承受順向偏壓而電流流通。另一方面,若對陽極電極ADP施加負電壓,對陰極電極CDP施加正電壓,則n-型半導體領域NR4與p型半導體領域PR3之間的pn接面承受逆向偏壓而電流不流通。如此地,可使具有整流功能之二極體FWD運作。
<半導體裝置之構造>
接著,參考附圖,並對構成圖3所示之構成反相器電路INV的開關之半導體裝置的構造予以說明。如同上述,圖5所示之複數單元EAU1,分別具有半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2。然則,半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,具備同樣的構造。因此,以下,將同樣構造的半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,作為半導體裝置PAC而說明。此外,本實施形態之EA1中,半導體裝置PAC1之搭載方法,係以與半導體裝置PAC2為構成構件上下反轉的狀態分別搭載於導體圖案MP1上,細節將於之後另行描述。然則,下述說明中,在說明半導體裝置PAC之各構成構件的上下方之情況,無關於搭載時的方向,將圖8所示之半導體 晶片CHP1的從背面CHPb朝向表面CHPt之方向定義為上方,從表面CHPt朝向背面CHPb之方向定義為下方,而予以說明。此外,各構件的面中,在說明頂面或底面的情況亦相同。
本實施形態1之半導體裝置PAC,將成為圖3所示之反相器電路INV的構成要素之1個電晶體Q1與1個二極體FWD單封裝。亦即,藉由使用6個本實施形態1之半導體裝置,而構成成為驅動三相馬達的三相反相器電路INV之電子裝置(半導體模組、電源模組)EA1(參考圖5)。
圖12為,顯示圖5所示之複數半導體裝置中的一個之一方的主面側之形狀例的俯視圖。圖13為,顯示圖12所示之半導體裝置的相反側之主面的形狀例之俯視圖。此外,圖14為,顯示圖12及圖13所示之半導體裝置的內部構造之俯視圖。圖15為,沿著圖12的A-A線的剖面圖。
如圖12及圖13所示,半導體裝置PAC具有密封體(樹脂體)MR,該密封體MR具備主面(頂面、表面)MRt(參考圖12)、主面MRt之相反側的主面(底面、背面)MRb(參考圖13)、及在厚度方向中主面MRt與主面MRb之間的側面MRs。俯視時,密封體MR由長方形構成。圖12所示之例子中,具有彼此相對向的長邊LS1與長邊LS2、以及和長邊LS1與LS2交叉且彼此相對向的短邊SS3與短邊SS4。
密封體MR係將半導體晶片CHP1(參考圖15)及半導體晶片CHP2(參考圖15)一同密封的樹脂,例如含有環氧系的樹脂材料作為主成分。此外,半導體裝置PAC所具備的複數端子,從密封體MR露出。如圖12所示,從密封體MR之主面MRt,露出射極端子(封裝端子、表面端子)ET。射極端子ET,如同已說明之圖8所示,為與半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP連接之端子(封裝端子)。此外,如圖13所示,從密封體MR之主面MRb,露出集極端子(封裝端子、背面端子)CT。集極端子CT,如圖8所示,為與半導體晶片CHP1的集極電極CP連接之端子(封裝端子)。
此外,如圖12所示,從密封體MR之側面MRs,露出閘極端子GT。閘極端子GT,如圖8所示,為與半導體晶片CHP1的閘極電極GE連接之端子(封裝端子)。此外,如圖13所示,從密封體MR之側面MRs,露出訊號端子ST。訊號端子ST,為傳送監視半導體裝置之運作狀態所用的訊號之端子。另,圖12所示之閘極端子GT,為往圖8所示的閘極電極GE傳送閘極訊號之訊號端子的一種。作為係構成此等訊號傳送路徑之端子的閘極端子GT及訊號端子ST,使用從密封體MR之內部向外部導出的導線LD。導線LD,如圖15所示,從密封體MR的密封體MR之側面MRs向密封體MR之外側突出。
導線LD,在密封體MR的內外邊界之部分的截面積,較射極端子ET、集極端子CT之從密封體MR露出的面積更小。因此,其優點在於即便訊號端子之數目增加仍可抑制半導體裝置PAC的大型化。另一方面,如同射極端子ET、集極端子CT地,從密封體MR露出的面積為大面積之情況,可將傳送路徑的截面積增 大,故其優點在於可降低傳送路徑的電阻成分、電感成分。大電流在射極端子ET、集極端子CT流通,故宜盡可能降低電阻成分、電感成分。另一方面,流通在閘極端子GT、訊號端子ST的電流相對較低。因此,宜使流通相對較大的電流之射極端子ET、集極端子CT從密封體MR露出的面積增大。
接著,對於半導體裝置PAC之內部構造予以說明。如圖14及圖15所示,於密封體MR的內部,配置矩形形狀的晶粒銲墊(晶片搭載部、金屬板、凸片、散熱片)DP。此晶粒銲墊DP,亦作為用於提高散熱效率之散熱片而作用,例如,由以熱傳導率高的銅為主成分之金屬材料構成。此處,「主成分」,係指構成構件之構成材料中含有最多的材料成分,例如,「以銅為主成分之材料」,係指構件之材料含有最多銅。在本說明書中使用「主成分」等詞彙的用意,例如係為了表現下述情形而使用:構件基本上由銅構成,但並未排除包含其他雜質的情況。
此外,如圖14所示,晶粒銲墊DP的平面面積,較半導體晶片CHP1之表面CHPt的面積及半導體晶片CHP2之表面CHPt的面積之合計更大。因此,可於一個晶粒銲墊DP上搭載半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2雙方。
如圖15所示,於晶粒銲墊DP上,例如,隔著由銲料或導電性樹脂構成之導電性黏接材(黏晶材、導電性構件、連接構件、接合材)ADH1,而搭載形成有IGBT的半導體晶片CHP1、及形成有二極體的半導體晶片CHP2。此時,將搭載半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2的面定義為晶粒銲墊DP之頂面,將此頂面 之相反側的面定義為底面。此一情況,半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2,搭載於晶粒銲墊DP之頂面上。
形成有二極體的半導體晶片CHP2,將形成於半導體晶片CHP2之背面的陰極電極CDP,配置為隔著導電性黏接材ADH1,而與晶粒銲墊DP之頂面接觸。此一情況,形成在半導體晶片CHP2之表面CHPt的陽極電極ADP朝向上方。另一方面,形成有IGBT的半導體晶片CHP1,將形成於半導體晶片CHP1之背面CHPb的集極電極CP,配置為隔著導電性黏接材ADH1,而與晶粒銲墊DP之頂面接觸。此一情況,形成在半導體晶片CHP1之表面CHPt的射極電極EP及閘極電極GP朝向上方。如此地,半導體晶片CHP1的集極電極CP與半導體晶片CHP2的陰極電極CDP,藉由導電性黏接材ADH1及晶粒銲墊DP而電性連接。
此外,如圖15所示,晶粒銲墊DP之底面,從密封體MR之主面MRb露出,此露出的晶粒銲墊DP之底面成為集極端子CT。因此,半導體晶片CHP1的集極電極CP與半導體晶片CHP2的陰極電極CDP,藉由導電性黏接材ADH1而與集極端子CT電性連接。
此外,晶粒銲墊DP之底面,作為在將半導體裝置PAC1安裝於圖5所示之基板WB時,可藉由連接構件而與形成在基板WB上的導體圖案MP1電性連接的面而作用。如此地,在使係集極端子CT的晶粒銲墊DP於密封體MR之主面MRb中露出的情況,如同上述,可將集極端子CT的露出面積增大。藉此,可降低經由集極端子CT之傳送路徑的電阻成分及電感成分。
此外,如圖15所示,晶粒銲墊DP之厚度,較閘極端子GT、訊號端子ST之厚度更厚。此一情況,可改善經由晶粒銲墊DP之散熱途徑的散熱效率。
此外,如圖15所示,於半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP、及半導體晶片CHP2的陽極電極ADP上,配置有係為導電性構件之扣件(導電性構件、金屬板、電極連接構件)CLP。本實施形態之例子中,扣件CLP為,與導線LDC一體地形成的導電性構件中在密封體MR之主面MRt中露出之一部分。因此,亦可將導線LDC之一部分視作扣件CLP。然而,本實施形態,將從密封體MR之主面MRt露出的露出面作為射極端子ET利用,故將其與從密封體MR之側面MRs露出的導線LDC區別。
此外,圖15所示之例子中,半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP,藉由從射極電極EP側起依序疊層的導電性黏接材ADH2、金屬板MPL1、及導電性黏接材ADH3,而與扣件CLP電性連接。此外,半導體晶片CHP2的陽極電極ADP,藉由從陽極電極ADP側起依序疊層的導電性黏接材ADH2、金屬板MPL2、及導電性黏接材ADH3,而與扣件CLP電性連接。
此外,如圖15所示,扣件CLP之頂面,從密封體MR之主面MRt露出,此露出的扣件CLP之頂面成為射極端子ET。因此,半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP與半導體晶片CHP2的陽極電極ADP,藉由導電性黏接材ADH2而與射極電極EP電性連接。如此地,在使係射極端子ET的扣件CLP於密封體MR之主面MRt中露出 的情況,如同上述,可將射極端子ET的露出面積增大。藉此,可降低經由射極端子ET之傳送路徑的電阻成分及電感成分。
此外,圖15所示之例子中,扣件CLP與導線LDC一體地形成,故扣件CLP之厚度,與閘極端子GT、訊號端子ST之厚度相同。另一方面,為了確保將閘極電極GP與閘極端子GT連接的引線BW之環路高度,而使扣件CLP與半導體晶片CHP1之間、及扣件CLP與半導體晶片CHP2之間變寬。因而,圖15所示之半導體裝置PAC的情況,於扣件CLP與半導體晶片CHP1之間配置金屬板MPL1,於扣件CLP與半導體晶片CHP2之間配置金屬板MPL2。金屬板MPL1,藉由導電性黏接材ADH2而與半導體晶片CHP1黏接,藉由導電性黏接材ADH3而與扣件CLP黏接。此外,金屬板MPL2,藉由導電性黏接材ADH2而與半導體晶片CHP2黏接,藉由導電性黏接材ADH3而與扣件CLP黏接。
另,扣件CLP之實施態樣,在圖15所示之態樣以外具有各種變形例。例如,將扣件CLP與導線LDC分離形成為不同構件之情況,扣件CLP之形狀設計上的自由度變高。因此,例如,亦可將扣件CLP,構成為將圖15所示之扣件CLP、導電性黏接材ADH3、及金屬板MPL1、MPL2分別一體化的金屬構件。此一情況,扣件CLP藉由圖15所示之導電性黏接材ADH2而與半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2黏接。此外,亦可藉由使扣件CLP之一部分彎曲,而省略圖15所示之金屬板MPL1、MPL2及導電性黏接材ADH3。
另,導線LDC,其一部分從密封體MR之側面MRs往外側突出,但密封體MR的外側之部分並未與其他構件連接。換而言之,導線LDC不具有作為端子(封裝端子)的功能。因此,作為相對於本實施形態的變形例,亦可不具有導線LDC。然而,半導體裝置的製程中,在製造多種製品之情況,可利用導線框的通用性高、在複數種類的製品共通之導線框者較佳。因此,圖14及如圖15所示,在具有導線LDC之情況,有導線框之通用性改善等優點。
此外,半導體裝置PAC的情況,導線LDC並未作為端子作用,故在形成為將扣件CLP與導線LDC分離的構件之情況,亦可不具有導線LDC。然而,半導體裝置PAC的製程中,如同本實施形態地,將扣件CLP與導線LDC一體地形成之情況,扣件CLP與半導體晶片CHP1、CHP2容易對齊。
此外,從降低係切換元件之半導體裝置PAC的導通電阻之觀點來看,與晶粒銲墊DP連接之導電性黏接材ADH1、及將扣件CLP與半導體晶片CHP1、CHP2的電極電性連接之導電性黏接材ADH2、ADH3,宜使用導電率高的材料。作為導電率高的材料,除了銲料以外,可例示在樹脂中含有複數(多數)導電性粒子之導電性樹脂。
然而,半導體裝置PAC,完成成為製品後,如圖5所示,安裝於基板WB上。此一情況,作為半導體裝置PAC1、PAC2與基板WB的連接所使用之連接構件,亦宜使用銲料或導電性樹脂等導電率高的材料。此一情況,圖15所示之導電性 黏接材ADH1、與導電性黏接材ADH2、ADH3,必須具備對於安裝半導體裝置PAC時之處理溫度的耐熱性。
例如,半導體裝置PAC在使用銲料安裝之情況,為了使銲料熔融連接,而須進行加熱處理(回銲)。半導體裝置PAC與基板WB(參考圖5)的連接所使用之銲料,與在上述半導體裝置PAC的內部使用之銲料為相同材料的情況,具有因半導體裝置PAC之安裝時的加熱處理(回銲),而使半導體裝置PAC的內部之銲料熔融的疑慮。
因此,在半導體裝置PAC的內部、及半導體裝置PAC之安裝時使用銲料的情況,半導體裝置PAC的內部宜使用熔點較安裝時使用之銲料更高的高熔點銲料。
另一方面,在安裝半導體裝置PAC時使用導電性樹脂之情況,須進行用於使導電性樹脂的樹脂成分硬化之加熱處理(硬化烘烤)。然則,一般而言,樹脂的硬化溫度,較銲料的熔點更低,故此一情況,導電性黏接材ADH1、導電性黏接材ADH2,可為銲料,亦可為導電性樹脂。
此外,即便為在安裝半導體裝置PAC時使用銲料之情況,若樹脂的耐熱溫度較銲料的熔點更高,則可使用導電性樹脂作為導電性黏接材ADH1、導電性黏接材ADH2。
此外,圖14及如圖15所示,於半導體晶片CHP1之表面,形成閘極電極GP;閘極電極GP,藉由係導電性構件之引線BW,而與閘極端子GT電性連接。引線BW,例如,由以金、銅或鋁為主成分之導電構件所構成。
半導體晶片CHP1,以俯視時位於半導體晶片CHP2與閘極端子GT之間的方式搭載於晶粒銲墊DP上。此外,半導體晶片CHP1,係以使閘極電極GP位於射極電極EP與閘極端子GT之間的方式搭載於晶粒銲墊DP上。藉此,可將連接閘極電極GP與閘極端子GT的引線BW之長度減短。
此外,圖14所示之例子中,訊號端子ST,藉由引線BW而與射極電極EP電性連接。此一情況,訊號端子ST,在使大電流流通於半導體晶片CHP1之電晶體Q1(參考圖8)的檢查中,可作為測定並輸出射極電極EP的電壓之檢查用的端子而利用。訊號端子ST,與圖5所示之監測端子MTE連接,將檢測到的訊號往外部輸出。
此外,如圖15所示,複數條引線BW分別藉由密封體MR密封。將構成半導體裝置PAC之各構件中的特別容易發生變形或損傷之引線BW,在以密封體MR保護的狀態下安裝於電子裝置EA1(圖5)之情況,改善對電子裝置EA1安裝時的各構件之操控性。藉此,可改善電子裝置EA1的組裝效率。此外,如圖15所示,例如,將構成半導體裝置PAC之零件中的半導體晶片CHP1、半導體晶片CHP2、晶粒銲墊DP之一部分、扣件CLP之一部分、複數導線LD的各自之一部分、及引線BW,藉由樹脂密封。
此外,如圖15所示,在扣件CLP、晶粒銲墊DP、導線LD、及導線LDC中,分別以金屬膜SDF覆蓋從密封體MR露出的部分。金屬膜SDF,例如由銲料等金屬材料構成,藉由電鍍法形成。將半導體裝置PAC搭載於圖5所示之導體圖案MP1上時,藉由銲料安裝之情況,藉由以金屬膜SDF覆蓋露出面而改善銲料的潤濕性。扣件CLP與導線LD、LDC的情況亦相同。尤其在晶粒銲墊DP、扣件CLP係由以銅為主成分的金屬材料形成之情況,藉由以金屬膜SDF覆蓋而可大幅改善潤濕性。
<各單元之構造>
接著,對於圖5所示之各單元的構造予以說明。另,圖5所示之3個單元EAU1,分別具備同樣的構造,故下述內容,列舉與端子WTE連接之單元EAU1作為代表例而予以說明。圖16為,將圖5所示之3個單元中的一個放大顯示之放大俯視圖。圖16裡,在圖5所示之各構件中,分別以點線表示的匯流排BSN,以二點鏈線表示匯流排BSP。圖17為,顯示與圖16所示之單元對應的電路要素之電路圖。圖18為沿著圖16之A-A線的剖面圖,圖19為沿著圖16之B-B線的剖面圖。此外,圖20及圖21為,沿著將高壓端或低壓端的端子與半導體晶片的電極電性連接之路徑的剖面圖。圖18、圖20、及圖21中,使用雙向箭頭,示意將半導體晶片的電極,與端子WTE、NTE或PTE電性連接之傳送路徑的起點至終點。
如圖16所示,電子裝置EA1之單元EAU1,具有形成在基板WB之頂面WBt的導體圖案MP1。此外,電子裝置EA1之單元EAU1,具有半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2。
此外,如圖17所示,半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2,分別具有具備電晶體Q1之半導體晶片CHP1、及具備二極體FWD之半導體晶片CHP2。半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2分別具有:射極端子ET,與半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP及半導體晶片CHP2的陽極電極ADP連接;以及集極端子CT,與半導體晶片CHP1的集極電極CP及半導體晶片CHP2的陰極電極CDP連接。半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2,分別具有閘極端子GT,閘極端子GT藉由引線BW(參考圖15)而與半導體晶片CHP1的閘極電極GP(參考圖15)連接。
半導體裝置PAC1之半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP,藉由射極端子ET而與端子NTE電性連接。圖20中,對於將半導體裝置PAC1的射極電極EP與端子NTE電性連接之傳送路徑給予雙向箭頭,而作為路徑PTH1顯示。此外,圖17所示之半導體裝置PAC1的半導體晶片CHP1的集極電極CP,藉由集極端子CT而與端子WTE電性連接。圖18中,對於將半導體裝置PAC1的集極電極CP(參考圖17)與端子WTE電性連接之傳送路徑給予雙向箭頭,而作為路徑PTH2顯示。
此外,圖17所示之半導體裝置PAC2的半導體晶片CHP1的集極電極CP,藉由集極端子CT而與端子PTE電性連接。圖21中,對於將半導體裝置PAC2的集極電極CP與端子PTE電性連接之傳送路徑給予雙向箭頭,而作為路徑PTH3顯示。 此外,半導體裝置PAC2之半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP,藉由射極端子ET及導體圖案MP1而與端子WTE電性連接。
此外,半導體裝置PAC1的集極端子CT,與半導體裝置PAC2的射極端子ET,藉由導體圖案MP1而彼此電性連接。換而言之,半導體裝置PAC1的集極電極CP,與半導體裝置PAC2的射極電極EP,藉由導體圖案MP1而彼此電性連接。在使利用圖1說明之反相器電路INV運作時,半導體裝置PAC2,作為圖1所示之高壓端用的開關SW5而運作,半導體裝置PAC1,作為圖1所示之低壓端用的開關SW6而運作。
此外,圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的閘極端子GT,在密封體MR的外部具有彎曲部,與端子GTE1連接而未經由基板WB。換而言之,半導體裝置PAC1之半導體晶片CHP1的閘極電極GP(參考圖15),與端子GTE1連接而未經由基板WB。半導體裝置PAC1之係閘極端子GT的導線LD,在電子裝置EA1之厚度方向(圖18所示之Z方向)中,以導線LD的前端相較於密封體MR之主面MRb更為接近主面MRt的方式折彎。
同樣地,圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的閘極端子GT,在密封體MR的外部具有彎曲部,與端子GTE2連接而未經由基板WB。換而言之,半導體裝置PAC2之半導體晶片CHP1的閘極電極GP(參考圖15),與端子GTE2連接而未經由基板WB。半導體裝置PAC2之係閘極端子GT的導線LD,在電子裝置EA1之厚度方 向(圖19所示之Z方向)中,以導線LD的前端相較於密封體MR之主面MRt更為接近主面MRb的方式折彎。
圖18及圖19所示之導線LD的彎折方向,可如同下述地展現。亦即,在密封體MR之厚度方向中,圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的閘極端子GT,具有從主面MRb側往朝向主面MRt側的方向彎曲之彎曲部。此外,圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的閘極端子GT,具有從主面MRt側往朝向主面MRb側的方向彎曲之彎曲部。如此地,半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,其係閘極端子GT之導線LD的彎折方向相異。
作為相對於本實施形態的變形例,亦可於基板WB形成連接閘極端子GT所用的導體圖案(配線圖案),藉由該導體圖案將閘極端子GT分別與係外部端子的各個端子GTE1及GTE2連接。然而,如同本實施形態,將閘極端子GT以未經由基板WB的方式與端子GTE1、GTE2連接之情況,可將閘極訊號之傳送路徑減短。此外,將閘極端子GT以未經由基板WB的方式與端子GTE1、GTE2連接之情況,可將基板WB的面積減小,故從電子裝置EA1之小型化的觀點來看有利。
此外,圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的密封體MR之主面MRb,與基板WB之頂面WBt相對向。半導體裝置PAC1的從密封體MR之主面MRb露出的晶粒銲墊DP,藉由連接構件(導電性構件、導電性黏接材、接合材)BND1而與導體圖案MP1電性連接。
半導體裝置PAC1的從密封體MR之主面MRt露出的扣件CLP,藉由連接構件(導電性構件、導電性黏接材、黏扣件材、接合材)BND2而與匯流排BSN電性連接。半導體裝置PAC1之扣件CLP,藉由匯流排BSN而與端子NTE(參考圖16)電性連接。匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP,係配置在將半導體裝置的端子與電子裝置的外部端子電性連接之路徑中的條狀導電性構件,構成為降低圖20所示之路徑PTH1及圖21所示之路徑PTH3的傳送損耗。例如,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP,由導電率高的材料構成。作為導電率高的材料,例如可例示以銅(Cu)為主成分之金屬材料,或以鋁(Al)為主成分之金屬材料等。此外,例如,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP,例如相較於導線LD等構件,傳送路徑的截面積變大。
另,半導體裝置PAC1的扣件CLP之一部分與匯流排BSP之一部分彼此相對向。然則,於半導體裝置PAC1的扣件CLP與匯流排BSP之間配置絕緣膜IF1。因此,半導體裝置PAC1的扣件CLP與匯流排BSP彼此絕緣。此外,匯流排BSN之一部分與匯流排BSP之一部分彼此相對向。然則,於匯流排BSN與匯流排BSP之間,配置絕緣膜IF2。因此,匯流排BSN與匯流排BSP彼此絕緣。
此外,圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的密封體MR之主面MRt,與基板WB之頂面WBt相對向。半導體裝置PAC2的從密封體MR之主面MRt露出的扣件CLP,藉由連接構件BND1而與導體圖案MP1電性連接。
此外,半導體裝置PAC2的從密封體MR之主面MRb露出的晶粒銲墊DP,藉由連接構件(導電性構件、導電性黏接材、接合材)BND3而與匯流排BSP電性 連接。半導體裝置PAC2的晶粒銲墊DP,藉由匯流排BSP而與端子PTE(參考圖16)電性連接。另,半導體裝置PAC2的晶粒銲墊DP之一部分與匯流排BSN之一部分彼此相對向。然則,於半導體裝置PAC2的晶粒銲墊DP與匯流排BSN之間配置絕緣膜IF2。因此,半導體裝置PAC2的晶粒銲墊DP與匯流排BSN彼此絕緣。
圖18所示之連接構件BND1、連接構件BND2、及圖19所示之連接構件BND3,分別與利用圖15說明之導電性黏接材ADH1、導電性黏接材ADH2同樣地,為銲料或導電性樹脂等導電性材料。
此處,如同電子裝置EA1,在對於具備反相器電路之電子裝置的各式各樣之性能改善要求中,包含降低將作為開關運作的電晶體與外部端子連接之傳送路徑的電感、阻抗之要求。尤其是,圖17所示之各傳送路徑中,將供給相對高之電位的端子PTE與電晶體Q1連接之路徑(圖21所示之路徑PTH3)、及將供給相對低之電位的端子NTE與電晶體Q1連接之路徑(圖20所示之路徑PTH1),藉由降低電感,而可降低輸入電壓的損耗。此外,圖17所示之各傳送路徑中,將係輸出端子的WTE與電晶體Q1連接之路徑(圖18所示之路徑PTH2),藉由降低電感、阻抗,而可降低輸出之電力的損耗。換而言之,上述3路徑,藉由降低傳送路徑中的電感、阻抗,而可改善電力轉換效率。
如本實施形態1,封裝搭載方式係將以樹脂密封半導體晶片的複數半導體封裝(半導體裝置)搭載於基板的方式,應用該封裝搭載方式構成電子裝置的情況,得知藉由對半導體封裝之構造或佈局下工夫,而可改善電力轉換效率。例 如,作為相對於本實施形態之比較對象,對於利用如圖16所示之導線LD地細長延伸的導電性構件,作為圖17所示之半導體裝置PAC1、PAC2的射極端子ET之情況予以檢討。
作為射極端子ET,在利用如導線LD等細長的導電性構件之情況,藉由增加與相同射極電極連接之導線LD的根數,而可降低傳送路徑中的電阻成分。例如,在將圖14及圖15所示之導線LDC作為射極端子使用之情況便相當於此一型態。然則,若考慮傳送路徑中的電感成分,則射極端子ET不宜分割為複數根。此外,作為射極端子ET,在利用如導線LD等導電性構件之情況,因半導體裝置的製程上之限制,而使射極端子之位置自由度受到限制。此一情況,如圖17所示地,將半導體裝置PAC2的射極端子ET與半導體裝置PAC1的集極端子CT連接時,連接配線之長度容易變長。
如同上述,本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1的情況,將扣件CLP之從密封體MR露出的面作為射極端子ET利用,將從晶粒銲墊DP之從密封體MR露出的面作為集極端子CT利用。因此,如同圖12及圖13所示,可使半導體裝置PAC的射極端子ET及集極端子CT之面積增大。
此外,圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的密封體MR之主面MRb,與基板WB之導體圖案MP1相對向;圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的密封體MR之主面MRt,與基板WB之導體圖案MP1相對向。換而言之,半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,以厚度方向之朝向成為彼此相反的狀態搭載於基板WB上。此一情況, 圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的射極端子ET及圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的集極端子CT,分別在與基板WB的對向面為相反側的面中露出。
因此,可將圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的射極端子ET,與配置於半導體裝置PAC1上的匯流排BSN之連接部分(圖18所示的與連接構件BND2之連接界面)的面積(連接面積)增大。此外,可將圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的集極端子CT,與配置於半導體裝置PAC2上的匯流排BSP之連接部分(圖19所示的與連接構件BND3之連接界面)的面積(連接面積)增大。
此外,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP,分別配置於半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2上方,故相較於經由密封體MR之側面MRs的導線LD,在佈局上的限制小。因此,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP,可分別使傳送路徑的截面積增大。例如,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP之厚度,較導線LD之厚度更厚。圖18及圖19所示之例子中,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP之厚度,較構成端子WTE的構件之厚度更厚。然而,作為變形例,構成端子WTE的構件之厚度亦可為匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP之厚度以上。此外,例如,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP之寬度(對延伸方向垂直的方向之長度),較導線LD之寬度更寬。匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP之寬度,雖非一定,但在寬度最窄的部分中,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP之寬度,較導線LD之寬度更寬。
如此地,匯流排BSN,容易將傳送路徑的截面積增大,因而若可將圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的射極端子ET,與匯流排BSN之連接部分的面積增大,則 可降低圖20所示之從端子NTE至半導體裝置PAC1的射極端子ET之傳送路徑(路徑PTH1之一部分)的電感。此外,匯流排BSP,容易將傳送路徑的截面積增大,因而若可將圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的集極端子CT,與匯流排BSP之連接部分的面積增大,則可降低圖21所示之從端子PTE至半導體裝置PAC2的集極端子CT之傳送路徑(路徑PTH3之一部分)的電感。
本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1的構造,亦可如同下述地展現。亦即,於圖17所示的端子PTE與半導體裝置PAC2之電晶體Q1的集極電極CP之間,並未夾設如同圖16所示之導線LD般細長延伸的導電性構件。因此,可降低對高壓端之開關供給相對高的電位之電位供給路徑(圖21所示之路徑PTH3)的電感成分。此外,於圖17所示之端子NTE與半導體裝置PAC1之電晶體Q1的射極電極EP之間,並未夾設如圖16所示之導線LD般細長延伸的導電性構件。因此,可降低對低壓端之開關供給相對低的電位之電位供給路徑(圖20所示之路徑PTH1)的電感成分。
此外,本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1的情況,半導體裝置PAC1的集極端子CT與半導體裝置PAC2的射極端子ET,分別藉由連接構件BND1而連接在一個導體圖案MP1上。此外,如圖18所示,導體圖案MP1,與係輸出端子的端子WTE連接。換而言之,依照本實施形態1,在圖17所示之將半導體裝置PAC2之電晶體Q1的射極電極EP與導體圖案MP1電性連接之路徑、及將半導體裝置PAC1之電晶體Q1的集極電極CP與導體圖案MP1電性連接之路徑,並未夾設如圖16所示之導線LD般細長延伸的導電性構件。因此,而可降低將係輸出端子的端子WTE與 電晶體Q1連接路徑(圖18所示之路徑PTH2)的電感成分。此一情況,如同上述,可降低輸出之電力的損耗,故可改善反相器電路的電力轉換效率。
此外,本實施形態1中,圖6所示之匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP,分別與包含設置於基板WB的導體圖案MP1之全部的導體圖案電性分離。換而言之,匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP,分別以未經由基板WB的方式,與端子NTE或端子PTE連接。此外,在電子裝置EA1之厚度方向(圖18所示之Z方向)中,匯流排BSN,位於半導體裝置PAC1的射極端子ET與端子NTE(參考圖4)之間。此外,在電子裝置EA1之厚度方向(圖19所示之Z方向)中,匯流排BSP,位於半導體裝置PAC2的集極端子CT與端子PTE(參考圖4)之間。
如圖20所示,將半導體裝置PAC1的射極電極EP與端子NTE電性連接之路徑PTH1未經由基板WB的情況,可將路徑PTH1之配線路徑距離減短,故可降低路徑PTH1中的電感成分。例如,本實施形態1之情況,路徑PTH1的路徑距離,較圖18所示之將半導體裝置PAC1的集極電極CP(參考圖7)與端子WTE電性連接之路徑PTH2的路徑距離更短。
此外,如圖21所示,將半導體裝置PAC2的集極電極CP與端子PTE電性連接之路徑PTH3未經由基板WB的情況,可將路徑PTH3之配線路徑距離減短,故可降低路徑PTH3中的電感成分。例如,本實施形態1之情況,路徑PTH3的路徑距離,較圖18所示之將半導體裝置PAC1的集極電極CP(參考圖7)與端子WTE電性連接之路徑PTH2的路徑距離更短。
此外,如圖18所示,本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1所具有的基板WB,為被稱作絕緣金屬基板(Insulated Metal Substrate:IMS)的基板。係絕緣金屬基板的基板WB,例如具有:基材BMS,以鋁等金屬為主成分;絕緣膜IF3,位於基材BMS之一方的面(頂面WBt)上;以及導體圖案MP1,位於絕緣膜IF3上。絕緣膜IF3,例如為以環氧系的樹脂等樹脂材料為主成分之有機絕緣膜,絕緣膜IF3之厚度,較基材BMS之厚度更薄。圖18中,絕緣膜IF3之厚度,為基材BMS之厚度的1/3以下、1/4以上程度之厚度,但亦可為1/10以下。利用絕緣金屬基板作為本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1的基板WB,在下述方面適宜。
雖省略圖示,但作為相對於圖18所示之基板WB的變形例,亦可使用在陶瓷製的基材頂面形成有導體圖案MP1之所謂的陶瓷基板。然則,陶瓷基板的情況,由陶瓷構成的基材與導體圖案MP1之線膨脹係數的差大。因此,若對陶瓷基板施加溫度循環負載,則源自線膨脹係數的差而產生之應力被往基材與導體圖案MP1的界面施加,而有導體圖案MP1剝離之情況。此應力的大小,與導體圖案MP1的面積成正比地變大。亦即,在應用陶瓷基板之情況,若導體圖案MP1的面積大,則有導體圖案MP1從基材剝離之疑慮。
係絕緣金屬基板的基板WB之情況,導體圖案MP1,例如係由以銅為主成分之金屬材料所構成的金屬膜。因此絕緣膜IF3與導體圖案MP1間之線膨脹係數的差大。然則,絕緣膜IF3,黏接在足夠厚之金屬製的基材BMS與導體圖案MP1之間。因此,即便對絕緣金屬基板施加溫度循環負載,仍可降低源自上述線膨脹 係數的差而產生之應力。因此,即便為導體圖案MP1的面積大之情況,仍不易自絕緣膜IF3剝離。換而言之,藉由使用絕緣金屬基板作為基板WB,而可將導體圖案MP1的面積增大。
如同上述,本實施形態1中,導體圖案MP1,構成與係輸出端子之WTE連接的傳送路徑之一部分。因此,藉由將導體圖案MP1的面積增大,而可將圖18所示之路徑PTH2的截面積增大。亦即,藉由使用絕緣金屬基板作為基板WB,而可降低路徑PTH2的電感成分。
此外,圖22為,沿著圖5之A-A線的剖面圖。圖22中,以虛線示意對匯流排BSN供給的低壓端電位之供給路徑,以二點鏈線示意對匯流排BSP供給的高壓端電位之供給路徑。
本實施形態1之電子裝置EA1,如同上述地具備三相反相器電路,故如圖5及圖22所示地具有3個單元EAU1。3個單元EAU1,配置為沿著X方向排列。各單元EAU1,分別具有與匯流排BSN連接之半導體裝置PAC1、及與匯流排BSP連接之半導體裝置PAC2。
匯流排BSN具有沿著X方向延伸的部分BSNX,分別與各單元EAU1所具有之半導體裝置PAC1的射極端子ET(參考圖22)連接。此外,匯流排BSP具有沿著X方向延伸的部分BSPX,分別與各單元EAU1所具有之半導體裝置PAC2的集極端子CT(參考圖22)連接。
此外,如圖21及圖22所示,匯流排BSN的部分BSNX(參考圖22),與匯流排BSP的部分BSPX(參考圖22),俯視時重疊。換而言之,在厚度方向中,匯流排BSN的部分BSNX與匯流排BSP的部分BSPX,彼此相對向。如此地,在匯流排BSN的部分BSNX與匯流排BSP的部分BSPX重疊之情況,於下述方面具有優點。亦即,如同在圖22顯示為路徑PTHN及路徑PTHP地,在部分BSNX與部分BSPX重疊之情況,路徑PTHN及路徑PTHP分別沿著X方向,成為彼此平行之狀態。此外,路徑PTHN及路徑PTHP的分隔距離,係由匯流排BSP、匯流排BSN、及絕緣膜IF2之厚度所規定,成為幾近一定的值。換而言之,部分BSNX與部分BSPX以彼此幾近平行的狀態配置。此一情況,在路徑PTHN與路徑PTHP之間發生耦合,由於此耦合的影響,而可降低各路徑的電感。
另,上述幾近一定、或幾近平行,並未限定為嚴格意義下的一定或平行。若為可獲得在路徑PTHN與路徑PTHP之間發生耦合而使電感降低的效果之範圍內,則即便有些微誤差仍可視為實質上一定或平行。
此外,藉由使路徑PTHN與路徑PTHP平行而使電感降低的效果,例如,即便在以圖22所示之一個單元EAU1構成的單相反相器之情況仍可獲得。然而,上述電感之降低效果,若路徑PTHN與路徑PTHP之平行距離越長則越為改善。因此,若如同本實施形態,應用在將3個單元EAU1配置為沿著X方向排列之電子裝置EA1,則特別有效。
此外,如圖21所示,複數半導體裝置PAC1及複數半導體裝置PAC2,分別以俯視時沿著X方向使半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2彼此相鄰的方式交互地配置。因此,從使匯流排BSP與半導體裝置PAC2之連接部分的面積、及匯流排BSN與半導體裝置PAC1之連接部分的面積最大化之觀點來看,宜將部分BSNX與部分BSPX,配置在分別不與複數半導體裝置PAC1及複數半導體裝置PAC2重疊的位置。
然而,本實施形態1中,如圖21及圖22所示,匯流排BSN的部分BSNX(參考圖22)及匯流排BSP的部分BSPX(參考圖22),俯視時,分別與各個複數半導體裝置PAC1及複數半導體裝置PAC2重疊。此一情況,可使匯流排BSN及匯流排BSP之延伸距離(迴繞距離)減短,故可使電子裝置EA1小型化。
此外,如圖5所示地將端子NTE及端子PTE分別設置各一個之情況,依單元EAU1的位置,而有圖22所示之路徑PTHN及路徑PTHP的距離為長距離之情況。例如圖5所示之3個單元中配置於離端子PTE及端子NTE最遠的位置之單元EAU1,其圖22所示之路徑PTHN及路徑PTHP的距離相較於其他單元EAU1特別長。
因而,為了彌補由於路徑PTHN及路徑PTHP的距離變長而使電感降低之情形,而宜將匯流排BSN的部分BSNX及匯流排BSP的部分BSPX之厚度充分增厚。圖22所示之例子中,部分BSNX及部分BSPX之厚度,各自較導體圖案MP1之厚度更厚。
<半導體裝置之製造方法>
接著,對搭載於圖5所示之電子裝置EA1的半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2之製造方法予以說明。然而,如同上述,半導體裝置PAC1與半導體裝置PAC2,具備同樣的構造。因此,以下,在半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2之製造方法的說明中,將彼此共通之部分作為半導體裝置PAC說明。圖23、圖24及圖25為,顯示圖14及圖15所示的半導體裝置之組裝流程的說明圖。另,圖23~圖25中,在各步驟附近,附上顯示各步驟之概要的俯視圖。以下說明,原則上係參考圖23~圖25所記載的俯視圖、及已說明的附圖(例如圖14、圖15等)而予以說明。
<基材準備>
首先,圖23所示之步驟S1(基材準備步驟)中,準備係搭載半導體晶片所用之基材的晶粒銲墊DP。另,作為相對於本實施形態的變形例,在將晶粒銲墊DP與導線框LF(參考步驟S4的俯視圖)一體地形成之情況,亦可在步驟S1,準備將晶粒銲墊DP及複數導線LD一體地形成的導線框LF。
如圖15所示,本實施形態的晶粒銲墊DP之厚度,較導線LD、導線LDC之厚度更厚。此一情況,可改善經由晶粒銲墊DP之散熱途徑的散熱效率。然則,晶粒銲墊DP之厚度較導線LD更厚,故將晶粒銲墊DP作為與導線框LF(參考圖23)分別的構件而製造。因此,本實施形態之情況,在步驟S1,準備係晶片搭載部的晶粒銲墊DP。晶粒銲墊DP,例如係由以銅為主成分之金屬材料形成。
<晶片搭載>
接著,圖23所示之步驟S2(晶片搭載步驟)中,於晶粒銲墊DP上搭載半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2。如圖15所示,本步驟中,以使形成在半導體晶片CHP1之背面CHPb的集極電極CP與晶粒銲墊DP相對相之方式,隔著導電性黏接材ADH1而搭載半導體晶片CHP1。此外,以使形成在半導體晶片CHP2之背面CHPb的陰極電極CDP與晶粒銲墊DP相對向之方式,隔著導電性黏接材ADH1而搭載半導體晶片CHP2。
本步驟中,在晶粒銲墊DP上,於搭載半導體晶片CHP1之預定領域(晶片搭載領域)、及搭載半導體晶片CHP2之預定領域(晶片搭載領域),分別配置膠狀的導電性黏接材ADH1。而後,將半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2的各自之背面CHPb(參考圖7及圖10)側抵緊導電性黏接材ADH1,而將半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2分別搭載於晶粒銲墊DP上。
另,圖15所示之導電性黏接材ADH1、ADH2、ADH3分別使用銲料的情況,步驟S2不施行加熱處理(回銲),而在作為步驟S4顯示的扣件搭載步驟之後施行回銲。另一方面,導電性黏接材ADH1、ADH2、ADH3,分別使用例如使熱硬化性樹脂中含有銀(Ag)等金屬粒子的導電性樹脂之情況,亦可在步驟S2中,施行在使導電性黏接材ADH1硬化的溫度下之加熱處理(硬化烘烤)。此外,即便為導電性黏接材ADH1、ADH2、ADH3分別使用導電性樹脂之情況,仍可在作為步驟S4顯示的扣件搭載步驟之後實施硬化烘烤。
依導電性黏接材ADH1、ADH2、ADH3之順序使用熔點高的銲料之情況,亦可在本步驟實施回銲。然而,實施回銲後,必須施行洗淨處理,將助銲劑成分的殘渣去除。因此,從改善製造效率之觀點來看,回銲次數少者為佳。
<金屬板搭載>
接著,圖23所示之步驟S3(金屬板搭載步驟)中,分別將金屬板MPL1搭載於半導體晶片CHP1上,將金屬板MPL2搭載於半導體晶片CHP2上。詳而言之,藉由導電性黏接材ADH2(參考圖15),將金屬板MPL1搭載於半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP上。此外,藉由導電性黏接材ADH2,將金屬板MPL2搭載於半導體晶片CHP2的陽極電極ADP上。
本步驟中,於半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP上、及半導體晶片CHP2的陽極電極ADP上,分別配置膠狀的導電性黏接材ADH2。而後,將金屬板MPL1、MPL2各自之一方的面抵緊導電性黏接材ADH2,搭載金屬板MPL1、MPL2。
已於前述內容,說明圖15所示之導電性黏接材ADH1、ADH2、ADH3,依其分別使用的材料,實施加熱處理(回銲或硬化烘烤)的時間點不同。此情形在本步驟中亦相同,故省略重複的說明。
此外,本步驟,係伴隨著將扣件CLP與導線框LF一體地形成而實施的步驟。在將扣件CLP與導線框LF分開形成之情況,可省略本步驟。此外,在對扣件CLP之一部分施加彎折加工,不使用金屬板MPL1及MPL2之情況,可省略本步驟。
<扣件搭載>
接著,圖23所示之步驟S4(扣件搭載步驟)中,將扣件CLP搭載於半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2上。詳而言之,藉由導電性黏接材ADH3(參考圖15),將扣件CLP搭載於金屬板MPL1上及金屬板MPL2上。
本步驟中,首先,於金屬板MPL1及金屬板MPL2各自之頂面上,配置膠狀的導電性黏接材ADH3。而後,準備將扣件CLP與複數導線LD一體地形成的導線框LF,以使扣件CLP之底面覆蓋半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2之表面CHPt(參考圖6及圖9)的方式對齊。如同本實施形態,將扣件CLP與導線框LF一體地形成之情況,藉由施行導線框LF與晶粒銲墊DP(或導線框與半導體晶片)的對齊,而可簡單地施行複數導線LD及扣件CLP的對齊。
之後,將扣件CLP之底面抵緊導電性黏接材ADH3以將扣件CLP搭載於半導體晶片CHP1及半導體晶片CHP2上。
此外,扣件CLP,係與具有複數導線LD之導線框LF一體地形成。因此,本步驟中,於晶粒銲墊DP的周圍配置複數導線LD。本步驟,亦可視作導線框搭載 步驟。另,將扣件CLP及晶粒銲墊DP雙方與導線框LF分開形成之情況,導線框LF,宜預先與晶粒銲墊DP或扣件CLP中之任一方黏接固定。
<引線搭接>
接著,圖24所示之步驟S5(引線搭接步驟)中,藉由引線BW,將半導體晶片CHP1的閘極電極GP與係閘極端子GT的導線LD電性連接。此外,本步驟中,藉由引線BW,將圖14所示的射極電極EP與係訊號端子ST的導線LD電性連接。
本步驟中,例如,將引線BW之一方的端部與半導體晶片CHP1的電極(閘極電極GP或射極電極EP)連接後,形成引線環路。而後將引線BW與導線LD之一部分(搭接領域)連接後,將引線切斷,則可獲得圖15所示之引線BW。
另,將半導體晶片CHP1的電極與導線LD電性連接之方法,具有各種變形例。例如,亦可改變引線BW,藉由帶狀地延伸之金屬帶連接。
<密封>
接著,圖24所示之步驟S6(密封步驟)中,將半導體晶片CHP1、半導體晶片CHP2及引線BW以樹脂密封。圖26,顯示在圖24所示之密封步驟中,形成將半導體晶片密封的密封體之狀態的放大剖面圖。
本實施形態,在密封步驟中,例如藉由轉印模造方式形成密封體MR。轉印模造方式,在將導線框LF固定於未圖示的成形模內之狀態下,將樹脂壓入成形 模的模腔內。構成密封體MR的樹脂,例如係以環氧系的熱硬化性樹脂為主成分,例如包含二氧化矽等填料粒子。若於成形模具之模腔內充填樹脂,則可獲得圖24及圖26所示之密封體MR的形狀。在成形模具內將樹脂加熱,使樹脂之一部分硬化某程度,則可從成形模具取出導線框LF。此外,將導線框從成形模具取出後,以加熱爐(烘烤爐)進一步加熱而使樹脂為完全硬化狀態(熱硬化性樹脂成分全體硬化之狀態),則可獲得圖26所示之密封體MR。
而本步驟後,在實施圖24所示之研磨步驟前,如圖26所示,扣件CLP被密封體MR密封。密封體MR之頂面MRt2,為與圖15所示之主面MRt不同的面。另一方面,晶粒銲墊DP,從密封體MR之主面MRb露出。作為相對於本實施形態的變形例,亦可在密封步驟中以使扣件CLP從密封體MR露出的方式形成密封體MR。
如同本實施形態,在密封步驟將扣件CLP以樹脂密封,於下述方面具有優點。亦即,在密封步驟為了使扣件CLP之頂面露出,而在使扣件CLP接觸成形模具的模腔之一部分(或貼在模腔的樹脂帶之一部分)的狀態下將樹脂壓入。此時,在從引線BW的引線環路之頂點至模腔的距離為短距離之情況,有因供給的樹脂之壓力的影響而使引線BW變形之疑慮。在厚度方向中,藉由減小引線BW的引線環路之頂點與扣件CLP之頂面的高低差,而可使半導體裝置薄型化。
如同本實施形態,在密封步驟中藉由密封體MR將扣件CLP密封之情況,即便為上述引線環路之頂點與扣件CLP之頂面的高低差小之情況,仍可使引線BW的引線環路之頂點與模腔充分地分隔。因此,可抑制密封步驟中之引線BW的變 形。然而,在不使用引線BW之情況,或在例如充分地確保上述高低差,引線BW變形的可能性低之情況,亦可於本步驟中,使扣件CLP之頂面露出。
此外,關於密封體MR之主面MRb側,不具有如同上述的理由。因此,本步驟中,如圖26所示地,以使晶粒銲墊DP之底面從密封體MR之主面MRb露出的方式,形成密封體MR。
<研磨>
接著,圖24所示之步驟S7(研磨步驟)中,研磨密封體MR之位於主面MRb(參考圖26)的相反側之頂面(主面)MRt2,使扣件CLP之頂面從密封體MR之主面MRt露出。
本步驟中,將圖26所示之密封體MR之頂面MRt2側,例如利用砥石機械研磨。另,研磨方法具有各種變形例,除了機械研磨方法以外,亦可施行化學機械研磨(CMP:Chemical Mechanical Polishing)。藉由本步驟,如圖15所示,使扣件CLP之頂面在密封體MR之主面MRt中露出。
另,如同上述,在密封步驟中,以使扣件CLP之頂面從密封體MR露出的方式形成密封體MR之情況,可省略本步驟。
<電鍍>
接著,圖25所示之步驟S8(電鍍步驟)中,如圖15所示,在從密封體MR露出的扣件CLP之頂面、晶粒銲墊DP之底面、與導線LD及導線LDC之從密封體MR露出的部分,形成金屬膜。
本步驟中,將導線框LF(參考圖25)浸入例如係包含銲料材料之電解液的鍍液(圖示中省略),將導線框LF作為陰極電極而使電流流通。藉此,選擇性地在導線框LF中的從係樹脂之密封體MR露出的金屬部分,形成金屬膜SDF。
本步驟所形成之金屬膜SDF,在使用銲料作為將半導體裝置PAC例如搭載於圖18所示之電子裝置EA1時的連接構件BND1之情況,具有改善銲料的潤濕性的功能。連接構件BND1為銲料之情況,金屬膜SDF與連接構件BND1,彼此熔融而一體化。此外,連接構件BND1為導電性樹脂之情況,亦可不形成金屬膜SDF。
<單片化>
接著,圖25所示之步驟S9(個片化步驟)中,從導線框LF之框部LFF將每個密封體MR的封裝切離。另,圖23~圖25中,顯示在一個導線框形成一個封裝PKG的例子。自然實際上亦可在圖23~圖25所示之態樣製造半導體裝置PAC。然則,從改善製造效率的觀點來看,多為從一個導線框LF取得複數個封裝PKG之情況。此一情況,藉由從導線框之框部LFF將封裝PKG切離,而將複數封裝PKG彼此分離,使其單片化。
本步驟中,將複數導線LD、LDC之各自的框部LFF側之一部分切斷。此外,本步驟中,切斷連結條TB,該連結條TB將複數導線LD及複數導線LDC彼此連結,並與框部LFF連接。藉此,使封裝PKG與框部LFF分離,並使各複數導線LD及各複數導線LDC彼此分離。
另,圖25中,雖顯示將個片化步驟與導線成形步驟分開,但亦可將個片化步驟與導線成形步驟一同施行。
<導線成形>
接著,圖25所示之步驟S10(導線成形步驟)中,對複數導線LD施加彎折加工,而獲得圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的導線LD之形狀、或圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的導線LD之形狀。導線LD的彎折方向,如同下述。
亦即,圖18所示之半導體裝置PAC1的導線LD,在半導體裝置PAC1之厚度方向中,以導線LD的前端相較於密封體MR之主面MRb更為接近主面MRt的方式折彎。此外,圖19所示之半導體裝置PAC2的導線LD,在半導體裝置PAC2之厚度方向中,以導線LD的前端相較於密封體MR之主面MRt更為接近主面MRb的方式折彎。
此外,本實施形態中,將複數導線LD中之未使用的導線LD,在密封體MR之側面MRs附近切斷。此外,本實施形態並未將複數導線LDC作為半導體裝置PAC的端子使用。因此,將複數導線LDC,在密封體MR之側面MRs附近切斷。
<檢查>
接著,圖25所示之步驟S11(檢查步驟)中,對半導體裝置PAC實施外觀檢查或電性測試等必要的測試。檢查之結果,將判定為合格者,安裝於圖5所示之電子裝置EA1。抑或,將電子裝置EA1在不同處組裝之情況,將判定為合格的半導體裝置PAC,作為製品出貨。
(實施形態2)
接著,作為實施形態2,對於具有構成利用圖3說明的接腳LG1、接腳LG2、及接腳LG3中之任一接腳的單相反相器電路之電子裝置的實施態樣予以說明。圖27為,顯示本實施形態2之電子裝置的電路構成例之電路圖。圖27中,著眼於圖3所示之反相器電路INV的接腳LG1~接腳LG3中之接腳LG1,顯示由單位接腳LG1A與單位接腳LG1B構成接腳LG1的例子。另,本實施形態2,以與上述實施形態1之相異點為中心而說明,原則上省略與上述實施形態1重複的說明。
例如,如同圖3所示之反相器電路INV,在一般的反相器電路中,接腳LG1~接腳LG3,分別由1個上臂與1個下臂構成。然則,依流通在反相器電路的電流值,而有超過流通在上臂與下臂的電流容許量之情況。因而,本實施形態2中,考慮大電流流通於反相器電路之情況,例如,列舉將分別由複數上臂與複數下臂構成的接腳LG1~接腳LG3組裝於反相器電路之電子裝置EA2而予以說明。
圖27所示之電子裝置EA2所具備的電路,雖構成相當於圖3所示之接腳LG1的部分,但在接腳LG1包含單位接腳LG1A與單位接腳LG1B的方面,與其相異。電子裝置EA2的情況,將單位接腳LG1A與單位接腳LG1B並聯連接,故即便大電流流通於接腳LG1,仍可使電流往單位接腳LG1A與單位接腳LG1B分散。亦即,電子裝置EA2,相較於圖27所示之單元EAU1成為可流通大電流的構成。
<電子裝置的安裝態樣>
接著,對於與圖27所示之電路對應的電子裝置之安裝態樣予以說明。圖28為,顯示圖27所示之電子裝置的外觀形狀之立體圖。圖29為,顯示圖28所示之電子裝置的內部構造之俯視圖。圖29中,以點線表示各個匯流排BSU、BSN、BSP。圖30為,沿著圖29之A-A線的剖面圖。圖30中,以點線表示匯流排BSU、BSN、BSP之一部分(沿著電子裝置的厚度方向延伸之部分)。圖31為,沿著圖29之B-B線的剖面圖。圖32為,沿著圖29之C-C線的剖面圖。
如圖28所示,本實施形態之電子裝置EA2具有殼體CAS,殼體CAS具有長方形之平面形狀,露出複數外部端子。從殼體CAS露出之複數外部端子,包含下述端子。亦即,電子裝置EA1,具有端子PTE及端子NTE。此外,電子裝置EA2,例如具有係U’相之輸出端子的端子UTE。端子UTE、端子NTE、及端子PTE,俯視時,在殼體CAS之中央部配置為沿著X方向排列。如圖30所示,端子UTE、端子NTE、及端子PTE,配置於殼體CAS中的覆蓋基板WB之頂面WBt的部分。
此外,電子裝置EA2,具有在與半導體裝置之間傳送訊號的複數訊號端子SGTE。複數訊號端子SGTE,包含將閘極訊號往半導體裝置傳送的端子GTE1、GTE2。此外,複數訊號端子SGTE,包含監測端子MTE,其輸出例如監視溫度、電壓、或電流等半導體裝置之運作狀態所用的訊號。俯視時,複數訊號端子SGTE,配置為沿著殼體CAS之一方的短邊(沿著Y方向)排列。
此外,如圖29所示,於基板WB之頂面WBt上,搭載半導體裝置PAC1A、PAC1B、PAC2A、及PAC2B。此4個半導體裝置PAC1A、PAC1B、PAC2A、及PAC2B,分別成為同樣的構造,分別具備圖27所示之電晶體Q1與二極體FWD。半導體裝置PAC1A及半導體裝置PAC2A,構成圖27所示之單位接腳LG1A,半導體裝置PAC1B及半導體裝置PAC2B,構成圖27所示之單位接腳LG1B。
半導體裝置PAC1A及半導體裝置PAC1B,沿著X方向彼此相鄰地配置。此外,如圖30所示,半導體裝置PAC1A及半導體裝置PAC1B的射極端子ET,藉由匯流排BSN而彼此電性連接,並與端子NTE電性連接。另一方面,半導體裝置PAC1A及半導體裝置PAC1B的集極端子CT,藉由導體圖案MP1而彼此電性連接,並藉由導體圖案MP1及匯流排BSU而與端子UTE電性連接。
此外,半導體裝置PAC2A及半導體裝置PAC2B,沿著X方向彼此相鄰地配置。此外,半導體裝置PAC2A及半導體裝置PAC2B的集極端子CT,藉由匯流排BSP而彼此電性連接,並與端子PTE電性連接。另一方面,半導體裝置PAC2A及 半導體裝置PAC2B的射極端子ET,藉由導體圖案MP1彼此電性連接,並藉由導體圖案MP1及匯流排BSU而與端子UTE電性連接。
藉由上述構造,如圖27所示,構成將單位接腳LG1A與單位接腳LG1B以並聯方式電性連接之反相器電路。
此外,如圖29所示,半導體裝置PAC1A、PAC1B、PAC2A、及PAC2B之分別具有的複數導線LD,與形成在基板WB之頂面WBt的導體圖案MP2、MP3、MP4、或MP5連接。詳而言之,半導體裝置PAC1A的閘極端子GT及半導體裝置PAC1B的閘極端子GT,藉由俯視時沿著X方向延伸的導體圖案(配線圖案)MP2而與端子GTE1電性連接。換而言之,閘極端子GT,於密封體MR的外部具有彎曲部,經由基板WB而與端子GTE1連接。此外,半導體裝置PAC2A的閘極端子GT及半導體裝置PAC2B的閘極端子GT,藉由俯視時沿著X方向延伸的導體圖案(配線圖案)MP3而與端子GTE2電性連接。換而言之,閘極端子GT,於密封體MR的外部具有彎曲部,經由基板WB而與端子GTE2連接。
此外,半導體裝置PAC1A的訊號端子ST及半導體裝置PAC1B的訊號端子ST,藉由俯視時沿著X方向延伸的導體圖案(配線圖案)MP4而與監測端子MTE電性連接。此外,半導體裝置PAC2A的訊號端子ST及半導體裝置PAC2B的訊號端子ST,藉由俯視時沿著X方向延伸的導體圖案(配線圖案)MP5而與監測端子MTE電性連接。
如同電子裝置EA2,在導線LD與基板WB之導體圖案連接的情況,導線LD的彎折方向,與上述實施形態1所說明之半導體裝置PAC1及半導體裝置PAC2相異。亦即,如圖31所示,半導體裝置PAC1A及半導體裝置PAC1B所具有的導線LD,在電子裝置EA2之厚度方向(圖31所示之Z方向)中,以導線LD的前端相較於密封體MR之主面MRt更為接近主面MRb的方式折彎。此外,如圖32所示,半導體裝置PAC2A及半導體裝置PAC2B所具有的導線LD,在電子裝置EA2之厚度方向(圖32所示之Z方向)中,以導線LD的前端相較於密封體MR之主面MRb更為接近主面MRt的方式折彎。
此外,電子裝置EA1在下述方面與上述實施形態1所說明之電子裝置EA1相異。
如圖30及圖31所示,電子裝置EA2之匯流排BSN具有部分BSNz,該部分BSNz從與半導體裝置PAC1A、PAC1B的射極端子ET連接之部分,朝向與端子NTE連接之部分,而在電子裝置EA2的厚度方向(Z方向)延伸。此外,如圖30及圖32所示,電子裝置EA2之匯流排BSP具有部分BSPz,該部分BSPz從與半導體裝置PAC1A、PAC1B的集極端子CT連接之部分,朝向與端子PTE連接之部分,而在電子裝置EA2的厚度方向(Z方向)延伸。此外,如圖30所示,電子裝置EA2之匯流排(導電性構件、連接構件、導體條)BSU具有部分BSUz,該部分BSUz從與導體圖案MP1連接之部分,朝向與端子UTE連接之部分,而在電子裝置EA2的厚度方向(Z方向)延伸。
如此地,匯流排BSN、BSP、BSU,分別具有在電子裝置EA2之厚度方向延伸的部分,藉而可將匯流排延伸至最接近外部端子處。如同在上述實施形態1所說明,匯流排BSN、及匯流排BSP(及匯流排BSU),為配置在將半導體裝置的端子與電子裝置的外部端子電性連接之路徑中的條狀導電性構件,其係為了降低傳送損耗而具有足夠的路徑截面積之導體條(導電性構件)。因此,電子裝置EA2的情況,相較於上述實施形態1所說明之電子裝置EA1,可進一步降低傳送損耗。
此外,如圖30所示,匯流排BSN的Z方向(電子裝置EA2之厚度方向)之延伸距離VL1、及匯流排BSP的Z方向之延伸距離VL2,分別較匯流排BSU的Z方向之延伸距離VL3更短。因此,電子裝置EA2,可將與端子NTE連接之路徑及與端子PTE連接之路徑的電感,尤為降低。
<變形例1>
以上,雖依據實施形態具體地說明本案發明人所提出之發明,但本發明並未限定於上述實施形態,自然可在不脫離其要旨的範圍進行各種變更。另,在上述實施形態中雖亦說明數個變形例,但下述內容中,對於上述實施形態說明之變形例以外的代表性變形例予以說明。
例如,上述實施形態1及上述實施形態2中,對於使用IGBT作為構成切換元件之電晶體Q1的例子予以說明。然則,作為變形例,亦可使用功率MOSFET作 為反相器電路之切換元件。功率MOSFET的情況,在構成電晶體之半導體元件內,形成係寄生二極體的內接二極體(Body diode)。此內接二極體,達到圖17、圖27所示之二極體(飛輪二極體)FWD的功能。因此,若使用具備功率MOSFET之半導體晶片,則於該半導體晶片的內部內建內接二極體。因此,在使用功率MOSFET之情況,搭載於一個半導體裝置(半導體封裝)的內部之半導體晶片可為一片。
此外,使用功率MOSFET作為反相器電路之切換元件的情況,在上述實施形態1及實施形態2的說明中,可將記載為射極之部分替換為源極,將記載為集極之部分替換為汲極而應用。因此,省略重複的說明。
<變形例2>
此外,例如,上述實施形態1與上述實施形態2,列舉具有彼此不同之形狀的外部端子之電子裝置進行說明。關於電子裝置的外部端子之形狀及佈局具有各種變形例。因此,上述實施形態1及上述實施形態2所說明之外部端子的形狀僅為一例,並未限定於該形狀。例如,作為相對於上述實施形態1與上述實施形態2的變形例,在匯流排BSN、匯流排BSP之一部分貫通殼體CAS而往外部露出的情況,可將該露出的部分作為外部端子利用。此外,作為相對於上述實施形態1與上述實施形態2的變形例,在半導體裝置的導線LD之一部分貫通殼體CAS而往外部露出的情況,可將該露出的部分作為外部端子利用。
<變形例3>
此外,例如,上述實施形態1及上述實施形態2中,說明利用扣件CLP作為射極端子ET,利用晶粒銲墊DP作為集極端子CT之實施態樣。然則,射極端子ET及集極端子CT之構造或形狀,具有各種變形例。例如,亦可使圖15所示的金屬板MPL1之頂面在密封體MR之主面MRt中露出,將其作為射極端子利用。此外,亦可使半導體晶片CHP1的射極電極EP在密封體MR之主面MRt中露出,將其作為射極端子利用。
然而,從使射極端子的露出面積增大之觀點來看,如同上述實施形態1所說明,宜將扣件CLP作為射極端子利用。
<變形例4>
此外,例如,上述實施形態1及上述實施形態2中,說明在半導體裝置的端子連接匯流排,並以殼體覆蓋基板WB之電子裝置。然則,電子裝置的態樣,具有各種變形例。例如,亦有將複數半導體裝置搭載於基板WB上,在以殼體CAS覆蓋之前的狀態下作為製品出貨之情況。進一步,亦有在將半導體裝置與匯流排連接前的狀態下作為製品出貨之情況。此一情況,如圖20所示地,將半導體裝置PAC1的集極端子CT,與半導體裝置PAC2的射極端子ET,藉由導體圖案MP1而彼此電性連接。因此,可降低將半導體裝置PAC1的集極端子CT,與半導體裝置PAC2的射極端子ET電性連接之路徑的電感。
<變形例5>
此外,例如,雖如同上述地對各種變形例進行說明,但可將上述說明之各變形例彼此組合應用。
BSN‧‧‧匯流排(導電性構件、連接構件、導體條)
CAS‧‧‧殼體
CHP1‧‧‧半導體晶片
CLP‧‧‧扣件(導電性構件、金屬板、電極連接構件)
CT‧‧‧集極端子(封裝端子、背面端子)
DP‧‧‧晶粒銲墊(晶片搭載部、金屬板、凸片、散熱片)
EA1‧‧‧電子裝置(半導體模組、電源模組)
EAU1‧‧‧單元(電子裝置單元)
EP‧‧‧射極電極(射極電極墊、表面電極)
ET‧‧‧射極端子(封裝端子、表面端子)
NTE‧‧‧端子(外部端子)
MP1‧‧‧導體圖案(配線圖案、金屬圖案)
PAC1、PAC2‧‧‧半導體裝置(半導體封裝)
PTH1‧‧‧路徑(傳送路徑)
WB‧‧‧基板
WBt‧‧‧頂面(表面、面)

Claims (18)

  1. 一種電子裝置,包含:殼體;第1外部端子、第2外部端子、第3外部端子、及第4外部端子,從該殼體露出;基板,具有第1面、及形成於該第1面的第1導體圖案;第1半導體裝置,搭載於該基板之該第1面;以及第2半導體裝置,搭載於該基板之該第1面;該第1半導體裝置及該第2半導體裝置,分別包含:第1半導體晶片,具備功率電晶體,該第1半導體晶片具有第1表面、形成於該第1表面的第1表面電極、形成於該第1表面的第2表面電極、該第1表面之相反側的第1背面、及形成於該第1背面的第1背面電極;第1端子,與該第1半導體晶片的該第1表面電極電性連接;第2端子,與該第1半導體晶片之該第1表面相對向,與該第1半導體晶片的該第2表面電極電性連接;第3端子,與該第1半導體晶片之該第1背面相對向,與該第1半導體晶片的該第1背面電極電性連接;以及密封體,具有第1主面、該第1主面之相反側的第2主面、及該第1主面與該第2主面之間的側面,將該第1半導體晶片密封;該第1端子,從該密封體之該側面向外側突出;該第2端子,從該密封體之該第1主面露出; 該第3端子,從該密封體之該第2主面露出;該第1半導體裝置的該密封體之該第2主面,與該基板之該第1面相對向;該第2半導體裝置的該密封體之該第1主面,與該基板之該第1面相對向;該第1半導體裝置的該第1背面電極,藉由形成於該基板之該第1面的該第1導體圖案、及該第1半導體裝置的該第3端子,而與該第2半導體裝置的該第2表面電極電性連接;該第1半導體裝置的該第1表面電極,藉由該第1半導體裝置的該第1端子而與該第1外部端子電性連接;該第2半導體裝置的該第1表面電極,藉由該第2半導體裝置的該第1端子而與該第2外部端子電性連接;該第1半導體裝置的該第2表面電極,藉由該第1半導體裝置的該第2端子、及配置於該第1半導體裝置的該密封體之該第1主面上的第1導體條,而與該第3外部端子電性連接;該第2半導體裝置的該第1背面電極,藉由該第2半導體裝置的該第3端子、及配置於該第2半導體裝置的該密封體之該第2主面上的第2導體條,而與該第4外部端子電性連接。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,該殼體,具有第5外部端子;該第1導體圖案,與該第5外部端子連接。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之電子裝置,其中, 將該第1半導體裝置的該第2表面電極與該第3外部端子電性連接之第1路徑的路徑距離,較將該第1半導體裝置的該第1背面電極與該第5外部端子電性連接之第2路徑的路徑距離更短。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項之電子裝置,其中,將該第2半導體裝置的該第1背面電極與該第4外部端子電性連接之第3路徑的路徑距離,較將該第1半導體裝置的該第1背面電極與該第5外部端子電性連接之第2路徑的路徑距離更短。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,該第1導體條及該第2導體條,分別與包含形成在該基板之該第1面的該第1導體圖案之全部的導體圖案電性分離。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,該基板之該第1面,為該殼體所覆蓋。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,該第1半導體裝置的該第1端子,以未經由該基板的方式與該第1外部端子連接;該第2半導體裝置的該第1端子,以未經由該基板的方式與該第2外部端子連接。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之電子裝置,其中,在該密封體之厚度方向中,該第1半導體裝置的該第1端子,具有從該第2主面側往朝向該第1主面側之方向彎曲的彎曲部;在該密封體之厚度方向中,該第2半導體裝置的該第1端子,具有從該第1主面側往朝向該第2主面側之方向彎曲的彎曲部。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,該基板,具有金屬製的基材、位於該基材之一方的面上且厚度較該基材之厚度更薄的絕緣膜、及位於該絕緣膜上的該第1導體圖案。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,該第1半導體裝置及該第2半導體裝置,分別包含第2半導體晶片,該第2半導體晶片具有第2表面、形成於該第2表面的第3表面電極、該第2表面之相反側的第2背面、及形成於該第2背面的第2背面電極;該第1半導體晶片的該第2表面電極與該第2半導體晶片的該第3表面電極,藉由該第2端子而電性連接;該第1半導體晶片的該第1背面電極與該第2半導體晶片的該第2背面電極,藉由該第3端子而電性連接。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,於該基板,搭載有在俯視時,沿著第1方向配置之第1單元、第2單元、及第3單元; 該第1單元、該第2單元、及該第3單元,分別具有該第1半導體裝置及該第2半導體裝置;該第1導體條,具有沿著延伸第1方向之第1部分,並與該第1單元之該第1半導體裝置的該第2端子、該第2單元之該第1半導體裝置的該第2端子、及該第3單元之該第1半導體裝置的該第2端子連接;該第2導體條,具有沿著延伸第1方向之第2部分,並與該第1單元之該第2半導體裝置的該第3端子、該第2單元之該第2半導體裝置的該第3端子、及該第3單元之該第2半導體裝置的該第3端子連接。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之電子裝置,其中,俯視時,該第1導體條之該第1部分與該第2導體條之該第2部分重疊。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項之電子裝置,其中,俯視時,該第1導體條之該第1部分及該第2導體條之該第2部分,分別配置於與複數該第1半導體裝置及複數該第2半導體裝置各自重疊的位置;複數該第1半導體裝置及複數該第2半導體裝置,分別沿著該第1方向,以該第1半導體裝置與該第2半導體裝置彼此相鄰的方式交互地配置。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第11項之電子裝置,其中,該第1導體條之該第1部分及該第2導體條之該第2部分的各自之厚度,較該第1導體圖案之厚度更厚。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電子裝置,其中,該基板之該第1面,為該殼體所覆蓋;該第3外部端子及該第4外部端子,配置於該殼體中的覆蓋該基板之該第1面的部分;該第1導體條,具有從與該第1半導體裝置的該第2端子相連接部分,朝向與該第3外部端子相連接部分而在該電子裝置的厚度方向延伸之部分;該第2導體條,具有從與該第2半導體裝置的該第3端子相連接部分,朝向與該第4外部端子相連接部分而往該電子裝置的厚度方向延伸之部分。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之電子裝置,其中,該殼體,具有第5外部端子;該第1導體圖案,具有將該第1導體圖案與該第5外部端子電性連接之第3導體條;該第3導體條,具有從與該第1導體圖案相連接部分,朝向與該第5外部端子相連接部分而往該電子裝置的厚度方向延伸之部分。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第16項之電子裝置,其中,該第1導體條之延伸距離及該第2導體條之延伸距離,分別較該第3導體條之延伸距離更短。
  18. 一種電子裝置,包含:基板,具有第1面、及形成於該第1面的第1導體圖案; 第1半導體裝置,搭載於該基板之該第1面;以及第2半導體裝置,搭載於該基板之該第1面;該第1半導體裝置及該第2半導體裝置,分別包含:第1半導體晶片,具備功率電晶體,該第1半導體晶片具有第1表面、形成於該第1表面的第1表面電極、形成於該第1表面的第2表面電極、該第1表面之相反側的第1背面、及形成於該第1背面的第1背面電極;第1端子,與該第1半導體晶片的該第1表面電極電性連接;第2端子,與該第1半導體晶片之該第1表面相對向,與該第1半導體晶片的該第2表面電極電性連接;第3端子,與該第1半導體晶片之該第1背面相對向,與該第1半導體晶片的該第1背面電極電性連接;以及密封體,具有第1主面、該第1主面之相反側的第2主面、及該第1主面與該第2主面之間的側面,將該第1半導體晶片密封;該第1端子,從該密封體之該側面向外側突出;該第2端子,從該密封體之該第1主面露出;該第3端子,從該密封體之該第2主面露出;該第1半導體裝置的該密封體之該第2主面,與該基板之該第1面相對向;該第2半導體裝置的該密封體之該第1主面,與該基板之該第1面相對向;該第1半導體裝置的該第1背面電極,藉由形成於該基板之該第1面的該第1導體圖案、及該第3端子,而與該第2半導體裝置的該第2表面電極電性連接; 該第1半導體裝置的該第2端子及該第2半導體裝置的該第3端子,分別與包含該第1導體圖案之全部的導體圖案電性分離,且該第1半導體裝置的該第2端子與該第2半導體裝置的該第3端子,彼此電性分離。
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