TWI784074B - 用於製備苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯之方法 - Google Patents
用於製備苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI784074B TWI784074B TW107137491A TW107137491A TWI784074B TW I784074 B TWI784074 B TW I784074B TW 107137491 A TW107137491 A TW 107137491A TW 107137491 A TW107137491 A TW 107137491A TW I784074 B TWI784074 B TW I784074B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- YGHQIMOWWMQFLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N OBOC1=CC2=C(S1)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound OBOC1=CC2=C(S1)C=CC=C2 YGHQIMOWWMQFLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 141
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical group CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 2-methoxy-ethoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical group [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical group COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012022 methylating agents Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HNLRRJSKGXOYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-amino-6-(methoxymethyl)-5-(7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl]methyl]piperazin-2-one Chemical compound N12N=CN=C(N)C2=C(C=2SC3=C(OC)C=C(C)C=C3C=2)C(COC)=C1CN1CCNC(=O)C1 HNLRRJSKGXOYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical group [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl borate Chemical group CC(C)OB(OC(C)C)OC(C)C NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- JEDZLBFUGJTJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].COCCO[AlH]OCCOC Chemical group [Na].COCCO[AlH]OCCOC JEDZLBFUGJTJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZFZGTWXDXHULHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (7-methoxy-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)methanol Chemical compound COc1cc(CO)cc2ccsc12 ZFZGTWXDXHULHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 20
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 18
- QMSRQVNGCIFRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)boronic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=CC2=C1SC(B(O)O)=C2 QMSRQVNGCIFRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- IEVVDVPWHKPWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxycarbonyl-5-thiophen-3-ylpent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)=CC1=CSC=C1 IEVVDVPWHKPWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- IAUBUELRSHDINQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-acetyloxy-1-benzothiophene-5-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(OC(C)=O)=C2SC=CC2=C1 IAUBUELRSHDINQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 9
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJYQKFPJOLSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophen-2-yloxyboronic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(OB(O)O)=CC2=C1 IJYQKFPJOLSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FMAMOHQHNNUMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-benzothiophene Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=CC2=C1SC=C2 FMAMOHQHNNUMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YNCYPMUJDDXIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[b]thiophene-2-boronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(B(O)O)=CC2=C1 YNCYPMUJDDXIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 4
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/69—Boron compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/52—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes
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Abstract
一種用於製備式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯的方法,
Description
更特定言之,式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯適用於製備式(I)化合物
4-{[4-胺基-6-(甲氧基甲基)-5-(7-甲氧基-5-甲基-1-苯并噻吩-2-基)吡咯并[2,1 f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基]甲基}哌嗪-2-酮
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物或溶劑合物,其用於製備藥劑及製備用於治療及/或預防增生性病症(諸如癌症及腫瘤疾病)之藥劑。
4-{[4-胺基-6-(甲氧基甲基)-5-(7-甲氧基-5-甲基-1-苯并噻吩-2-基)吡咯并[2,1 f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基]甲基}哌嗪-2-酮已命名為INN ROGARATINIB。
羅伽替尼(Rogaratinib)具有有價值的藥理學特性且可用於預防及治療人類及其他哺乳動物之病症。
羅伽替尼為受體酪胺酸激酶,尤其FGFR激酶,最顯著的是FGFR-1及FGFR-3激酶的活性或表現的強力抑制劑。在某些實施例中,與FGFR激酶活性相關之病症為增生性病症,尤其癌症及腫瘤疾病。
癌症為全球死亡之主要原因,在2008年造成760萬人死亡(約佔所有死亡人數之13%)。預計2030年全球癌症死亡人數將繼續上升至超過1100萬(WHO來源,情況說明書第297號,2011年2月)。
用於製備羅伽替尼以及合成關鍵中間物苯并噻吩2-基硼酸酯之方法揭示於WO 2013/087578中。
式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯可方便地以式(XXIV)之經取代之硫酚衍生物為起始物質來製備(參見下面的方案1)。用溴-縮醛(XXV)烷基化及隨後聚磷酸介導之環化得到式(XXVII)之苯并噻吩中間物,其隨後在2-位金屬化且與硼酸三烷基酯反應。鹼處理得到式(VIa)之游離(苯并噻吩-2-基)硼酸,其必要時可藉由此項技術中已知的標準程序轉化成環狀硼酸酯,例如所謂式(VIb)之MIDA硼酸酯[參見例如D. M. Knapp等人,J . Am . Chem . Soc .
131 (20), 6961-6963 (2009)]。
方案1:
[參見P. A. Plé及L. J. Marnett,J. Heterocyclic Chem.
25 (4), 1271-1272 (1988);A. Venturelli等人,J. Med. Chem.
50 (23), 5644-5654 (2007)]。
式(XXIV)化合物為可商購的,自文獻獲知,或可藉由改進文獻中所述之標準方法由可容易獲得之起始物質來製備。用於製備起始物質之詳細程序及參考文獻亦可在WO 2013/087578之起始物質及中間物製備部分的實驗部分中找到。
․根據上文所示方案之合成的一般缺點在於,產生式(XXVII)化合物之閉環需要苛刻的條件,諸如異常高的反應溫度及不利的試劑,諸如糖漿樣聚磷酸,其可與反應混合物形成兩相系統。此等條件在轉換至工業規模時需要相當大的安全預防措施及大量的工程改造工作,從而導致高生產成本。
․根據上文所示方案之合成具有由於所提及之劇烈反應條件而形成高結構相似性之雜質的缺點,該等雜質僅可藉由對式(XXVII)化合物之廣泛純化作用或在後續合成階段清除。此導致額外的工作、成本及顯著的產量降低 - 尤其在工業規模上。根據適當的監管指南,此等雜質甚至可能不會被清除至醫藥產品所需的程度。
此等雜質在PPA存在下之閉環過程中在高溫下形成,且藉由(2)之分級高真空蒸餾清除,其在工業規模上使產率降低至14-20%,但仍未使得雜質水平符合後期臨床開發中API之要求。
本發明係關於一種製備式(VI)化合物之方法:
其包含以下步驟:
步驟5:
其中式(VII)化合物:
係藉由將式(VII)化合物溶解於諸如THF之惰性溶劑中,且添加諸如正丁基鋰溶液之金屬有機鹼及諸如硼酸三異丙酯之硼酸三烷基酯,視情況在諸如THF之溶劑中反應,
從而得到式(VI)化合物:;
該式(VII)化合物:
係藉由以下步驟4製備:
其中式(X)化合物:,
係視情況在諸如THF之惰性溶劑存在下,與一或多種還原劑,諸如鈉-雙(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-鋁-二氫化物溶液反應,從而得到式(IX)化合物:
且使式(IX)化合物與HCl水溶液在諸如甲苯之溶劑存在下反應,從而得到式(VIII)化合物:;
且使式(VIII)化合物與一或多種還原劑,諸如鈉-雙(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-鋁-二氫化物溶液反應,從而得到式(VII)化合物。
如上所述,本發明之一個目的為提供一種以高產率製備式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯的有效方法,
式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯為以高產率製備式(I)化合物
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、水合物或溶劑合物之有效方法的關鍵組分。
此目的係根據本發明來實現,如下所述。下面的方案2以舉例之方式說明各個反應步驟。
本發明之一個態樣係關於藉由使用根據方案2之合成途徑製備不含上文所示雜質(3.1至3.6)的式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯,其避免使用高溫類似弗瑞德-克來福特(friedel-crafts-like)的條件及使用聚磷酸之噻吩環系統的閉環。改為經由脫水條件形成具有式(X)之苯并噻吩衍生物,隨後經由苯并噻吩衍生物(VII)轉化成式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯。此溫和條件導致高轉化率,且可在(VII)之真空蒸餾期間充分清除來自此過程之雜質。儘管合成步驟數量增加,但總產率顯著提高且可使用標準實驗工廠設備,從而顯著降低生產成本。
以下步驟1及2中揭示之閉環以EP 2338887 A1參考實例12及13之修飾形式以及JACS 第129卷, 第45期, 2007 Boger等人之另一修飾形式已知。
根據Boger等人,以下缺點與此實驗室規模方法產生7-乙醯氧基-3-甲基苯并[b]噻吩-5-甲酸乙酯有關:觀察到低總產率 - 可能歸因於噻吩-醛在縮合反應期間在鹼性反應條件下分解。因此,施加大量琥珀酸酯試劑(例如6當量)。在脫水條件下之閉環反應中,藉由使用乙酸酐作為溶劑在高達140℃之高反應溫度下施加大量乙酸酐。因此,產物7-乙醯氧基-3-甲基苯并[b]噻吩-5-甲酸乙酯在藉由層析純化後僅能以40%之產率分離。此外,回流乙酸酐中之反應在規模放大期間需要顯著的安全性及工程改造考量。
經由向琥珀酸酯及甲醇鈉之混合物中添加噻吩-3-醛,藉由改變添加順序,吾等意外地可實現縮合反應中朝向中間物(XIII)之高轉化率。在此等條件下,僅需要施加略微過量的琥珀酸酯(2.5當量)。在此早期可藉由使此中間物例如自甲苯結晶來清除副組分及過量試劑,避免在後期進行層析純化。
此外,在脫水條件下之閉環可用由甲苯作為惰性溶劑稀釋之低過量乙酸酐在7小時內在僅75℃之中等溫度下完成。此等條件有助於減少副反應且在工業規模上安全地處理反應物質。若粗中間物苯并噻吩羧酸酯(XII)隨後用NaOH水溶液在MeOH中皂化,接著用酸中和,則苯并噻吩羧酸可以高產率及純度作為固體分離。
本發明之第一態樣係關於一種用於製備式(VI)之苯并噻吩 -2-基硼酸酯的方法。
根據本發明之第一態樣,如上所示之(XV)及(XIV)至(XIII)之反應係藉由(XV)與(XIV)之縮合來進行。此係藉由在25-40℃下向琥珀酸二甲酯之溶液中添加鹼金屬醇鹽(諸如甲醇鈉)於醇、較佳甲醇中之溶液來完成。可使用其他琥珀酸酯代替(XV),因為酯在隨後的步驟中裂解。
將混合物加熱至回流且添加噻吩-3-醛溶液。在完全轉化後,藉由添加水將混合物水解,且用甲苯(或其他非水混溶性溶劑)萃取產物。在移除溶劑後,藉由自甲苯(或其他適合之溶劑)結晶及/或再漿化來純化粗物質(XIII)。
․此方法之優點在於藉由向反應混合物中緩慢添加噻吩-3-醛而與醛相關之高轉化率。
․此方法之優點在於施加減少過量的琥珀酸二甲酯用於完全轉化。
․此方法之優點在於在藉由結晶或/再漿化純化後得到極純的固體中間物(XIII),有助於避免在後期藉由例如製備型層析純化。
根據本發明之第一態樣,如步驟2中所示之(XIII)經由(XII)至羧酸中間物(XI)之反應係在脫水條件下藉由閉環成苯并噻吩衍生物(XII)及水解酯部分產生7-羥基-1-苯并噻吩-5-甲酸(XI)來進行。此係藉由在70-75℃下在甲苯中加熱(XIII)與乙酸酐及乙酸鈉7小時來完成(其他脫水劑:例如酸酐(三氟乙酸酐)、氯甲酸甲酯;除乙酸鈉以外之其他鹼(乙酸鉀;所有方法步驟之T及t可變化)。藉由在25-30℃下添加水來水解混合物。分離有機相,再用水洗滌,且藉由在減壓下蒸餾部分移除溶劑。用MeOH及水稀釋(XII)於甲苯中之剩餘溶液,在低於45℃之溫度下緩慢添加氫氧化鈉水溶液(其他鹼,主要為無機鹼)且最後加熱至50-55℃持續5小時。分離水相且進一步用水稀釋,在10-15℃下藉由添加強質子酸,諸如HCl、HNO3
、磺酸、CH3
COOH及H2
SO4
,較佳H2
SO4
使產物沈澱,直至達到pH 2-3。將懸浮液加熱至40-45℃且在2小時內冷卻至25-30℃以改良產物之過濾行為,並藉由過濾分離。
․此方法之優點在於藉由不使用大量過量的乙酸酐作為溶劑,但藉由在甲苯中稀釋限制過量來提高工業規模的方法安全性。藉由在稀釋條件下水解乙酸酐期間控制能量釋放來實現安全處理。
․此方法之優點在於藉由在朝向(XII)之閉環步驟期間僅使用適度的反應溫度來減少副產物的量。
․此方法之優點在於藉由在分離前的溫度處理期間改良固態特性而在(XI)分離期間在工業規模上具有可接受之過濾時間。
․此方法之優點在於以極佳的產率產生具有極高純度之中間物(XI)的充分結晶的固體產物,從而避免對中間物(XII)或在合成後期之額外純化步驟。
根據本發明之第一態樣,如方案中所示之(XI)至7-甲氧基 -1-苯并噻吩-5-甲酸甲酯(X)之反應係藉由使酯及酚部分甲基化來進行。此係藉由將(XI)溶解於丙酮及甲苯(其他溶劑)之混合物中來完成。在添加碳酸鉀(其他無機鹼、胺……)後,將懸浮液加熱至50-60℃且緩慢添加硫酸二甲酯(其他甲基化劑:碘代甲烷)。在完全轉化後,在85℃下部分蒸餾溶劑且添加水。分離各相且另外用甲苯萃取水相。用水洗滌合併之有機相且在60℃下減壓移除溶劑。將粗產物提交至下一步驟。
根據本發明之第一態樣,(X)至7-甲氧基-5-甲基-1-苯并噻吩(VII)之反應係藉由將酯部分還原成甲基來完成,產生(VII)。此較佳藉由將(X)之酯部分還原成醇(IX),隨後將醇部分氯化成(VIII),接著還原成(VII)的逐步還原來達成,如步驟4中所示。此係藉由將粗產物(X)溶解於惰性溶劑,諸如醚,例如二噁烷Me-THF、CPME及MTBE,芳族及脂族烴,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯環己烷中;較佳使用THF且在25-30℃下添加鈉-雙(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-鋁-二氫化物(Red-Al®)於甲苯中之溶液來完成。其他適合之還原劑包括氫氣(具有適合之催化劑)、LAH、硼烷及矽烷。
藉由添加氫氧化鈉水溶液(其他含水鹼)水解混合物,用甲苯(其他非水混溶性溶劑或藉由添加反溶劑沈澱/結晶)萃取產物且藉由在60℃下在減壓下移除溶劑來分離。
將粗物質(IX)溶解於甲苯中且在50-55℃下緩慢添加HCl水溶液。可使用其他氯化劑,諸如SOCl2
。在完全轉化後,用碳酸氫鈉水溶液水解混合物。藉由用鹽水、Na2
SO4
處理及藉由在60℃下在減壓下移除溶劑進行共沸乾燥來乾燥有機相。
另外,其他離去基可用作結構(VIII)中之替代氯,諸如Br、I、F、RSO3
。
將粗產物(VIII)溶解於惰性溶劑,諸如醚,例如二噁烷Me-THF、CPME及MTBE,芳族及脂族烴,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯環己烷中;較佳使用THF且在25-30℃下添加還原劑,諸如鈉-雙(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-鋁-二氫化物(Red-Al®)於甲苯中之溶液進行還原。其他適合之還原劑包括氫氣(具有適合之催化劑)、LAH、硼烷及矽烷。
藉由添加氫氧化鈉水溶液(其他含水鹼)水解混合物,用甲苯(其他非水混溶性溶劑或藉由添加反溶劑沈澱/結晶)萃取產物且藉由在60℃下在減壓下移除溶劑來分離。(VIII)係藉由在125-160℃下真空蒸餾來純化。
․此方法之優點在於根據方案1以高產率及高純度得到7-甲氧基-5-甲基-1-苯并噻吩(VII)而無雜質,其對於用於臨床應用之最終醫藥成分(I)之品質至關重要且不能在朝向(I)之以下方法步驟中之一者中容易地清除。
․此方法之優點在於使用標準多用途設備及工業規模之安全試劑得到7-甲氧基-5-甲基-1-苯并噻吩(VII)。避免使用劇烈的反應條件,如高溫>160℃及不利試劑,如不完全溶解於反應混合物中之糖漿狀聚磷酸。因此避免工業規模上非常昂貴的安全及工程改造考量。
根據本發明之第一態樣,(VII)至式(VI)之苯并噻吩-2-基硼酸酯的反應係藉由硼基化作用來完成。將(VII)溶解於諸如THF之惰性溶劑中,且在-73至-80℃下藉由添加金屬有機鹼諸如正丁基鋰於THF/己烷中之溶液進行金屬化。將反應物料攪拌30分鐘後,在-73至-80℃下緩慢添加硼酸三異丙酯。在30分鐘的反應時間後,在<10℃下用氫氧化鉀水溶液水解混合物,且在20-30℃下分離各相。用甲苯洗滌水相,且藉由在0-5℃下添加硫酸水溶液(其他酸)使產物沈澱。藉由過濾分離(VI)且用水洗滌。將產物在40-45℃下用諸如環己烷之溶劑再漿化,分離且在40-45℃下減壓乾燥。
․此方法之優點在於根據方案1以高產率及高純度得到(7-甲氧基 -5-甲基-1-苯并噻吩-2-基)硼酸(VI)而無雜質,其對於用於臨床應用之最終醫藥成分(I)之品質至關重要且不能在朝向(I)之以下方法步驟中之一者中容易地清除。
本發明之此第一態樣的另一實施例係中間物(XII)經由中間物(XV)轉化成(X)。與製備中間物(XI)之方法相比,藉由施加較弱的鹼,僅(XII)之乙醯基官能基選擇性水解成中間物(XV)。此係藉由在高溫下將(XII)與碳酸鉀在乙醇中混合來完成。藉由添加鹽酸水溶液水解反應物料,且用甲基第三丁基醚萃取產物。在減壓下移除溶劑後獲得(XV)。
(XV)至7-甲氧基-1-苯并噻吩-5-甲酸甲酯(X)之反應係藉由在存在或不存在鹼之情況下用甲基化劑處理來進行。此係藉由將(XV)與碳酸鉀及硫酸二甲酯在2-丁酮中混合且在室溫下攪拌來完成。在反應完成後,添加氨水及甲基第三丁基醚之水溶液。減壓濃縮有機相,得到(X)。
․此替代方法之缺點在於避免中間物(XI)之充分結晶的固體產物。
․此替代方法之優點在於允許可疊縮式XV作為溶液且在適度溫度下施加較少量的有毒甲基化劑。
在此途徑中,(XIII)首先在單一步驟中還原得到(XVII)或在2個步驟中經由中間物(XVI)得到中間物(XVII)。隨後將(XVII)甲基化為(VII)。
用於本發明目的之鹽
較佳為根據本發明之化合物的醫藥學上可接受之鹽(例如,參見S. M. Berge等人, 「Pharmaceutical Salts」,J . Pharm . Sci . 1977
, 66, 1-19)。亦包括本身不適用於醫藥用途但可用於例如分離或純化根據本發明之化合物的鹽。
醫藥學上可接受之鹽
包括無機酸、羧酸及磺酸之酸加成鹽,例如鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、萘二磺酸鹽、甲酸鹽、乙酸鹽、三氟乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、乳酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、馬來酸鹽及苯甲酸鹽。
醫藥學上可接受之鹽
亦包括習用鹼之鹽,諸如且較佳鹼金屬鹽(例如鈉鹽及鉀鹽)、鹼土金屬鹽(例如鈣鹽及鎂鹽)及衍生自氨或有機胺之銨鹽,諸如說明性地且較佳為乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、N , N
-二異丙基乙胺、單乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲胺基乙醇、二乙胺基乙醇、普魯卡因、二環己胺、二苯甲基胺、N
-甲基嗎啉、N
-甲基哌啶、精胺酸、離胺酸及1,2-乙二胺。
在本發明之上下文中的溶劑合物
指定為根據本發明之化合物藉由與溶劑分子之化學計量配位形成固體或液態的複合物的彼等形式。水合物
為一種特定形式之溶劑合物,其中與水發生配位。在本發明之上下文中,水合物為較佳溶劑合物。
本發明化合物可藉由不對稱中心之性質或藉由受限旋轉以異構體(對映異構體、非對映異構體)之形式存在。可存在任何異構體,其中不對稱中心呈(R
)-、(S
)-或(R , S
)-組態。
本發明化合物之所有異構體,無論係分離的、純的、部分純的或呈外消旋混合物,均涵蓋在本發明之範疇內。該等異構體之純化及該等異構混合物之分離可藉由此項技術中已知之標準技術實現。舉例而言,非對映異構體混合物可藉由層析法或結晶分離成單獨的異構體,且外消旋體可藉由對掌性相層析法或藉由解析分離成相應的對映異構體。
另外,根據本發明包括上述化合物之所有可能的互變異構形式。
本發明亦涵蓋根據本發明之化合物的所有適合之同位素變體。根據本發明之化合物的同位素變體應理解為意指根據本發明之化合物內的至少一個原子已更換為原子數相同但原子質量不同於自然界中通常或主要存在之原子質量的另一原子的化合物。可併入根據本發明之化合物中之同位素的實例為氫、碳、氮、氧、氟、氯、溴及碘之同位素,諸如2
H (氘)、3
H (氚)、13
C、14
C、15
N、17
O、18
O、18
F、36
Cl、82
Br、123
I、124
I、129
I及131
I。根據本發明之化合物的特定同位素變體,尤其已併入一或多個放射性同位素之同位素變體可為有益的,例如用於檢查作用機制或體內活性化合物分佈。由於相對容易的可製備性及可偵測性,尤其用3
H或14
C同位素標記之化合物適用於此目的。另外,同位素(例如氘)之併入可導致特定的治療益處,因為化合物具有更大的代謝穩定性,例如體內半衰期延長或所需活性劑量降低。因此,根據本發明之化合物的此類修飾在一些情況下亦可構成本發明之一個較佳實施例。根據本發明之化合物的同位素變體可藉由熟習此項技術者已知的方法,例如藉由下文所述之方法及實施例中所述之方法,藉由在其中使用特定試劑及/或起始化合物之相應同位素修飾來製備。
除非另外指出,否則適用於偶合反應之鹼(若需要)呈特定鹼金屬碳酸鹽,諸如碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀或碳酸銫;鹼金屬磷酸鹽,諸如磷酸鈉或磷酸鉀;或鹼金屬氟化物,諸如氟化鉀或氟化銫形式。通常,這些鹼用作水溶液。反應在有機溶劑中進行,該等有機溶劑在反應條件下呈惰性。較佳地,使用可與水混溶之有機溶劑,諸如1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)或二甲亞碸(DMSO),但亦可使用其他惰性溶劑,諸如二氯甲烷或甲苯。
除非另外指出,否則適用於方法步驟之縮合劑(若需要)包括例如碳化二亞胺,諸如N,N'-二乙基-、N,N'-二丙基-、N,N'-二異丙基-、N,N'-二環己基碳化二亞胺(DCC)或N-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-N'-乙基碳化二亞胺(EDC);光氣衍生物,諸如N,N'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)或氯甲酸異丁酯;α-氯烯胺,諸如1-氯-2-甲基-1-二甲基胺基-1-丙烯;含磷化合物,諸如丙烷膦酸酐、氰基膦酸二乙酯、雙(2-側氧基-3-噁唑啶基)磷醯氯、苯并三唑-1-基氧基-參(二甲基胺基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽(BOP)或苯并三唑-1-基氧基-參(吡咯啶基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽(PyBOP);及化合物,諸如O-(苯并三唑 -1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲四氟硼酸鹽(TBTU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基) -N,N,N',N'-四甲六氟磷酸鹽(HBTU)、2-(2-側氧基-1-(2H)-吡啶基) -1,1,3,3-四甲四氟硼酸鹽(TPTU)、O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基) -N,N,N',N'-四甲六氟磷酸鹽(HATU)或O-(1H-6-氯苯并三唑-1-基) -1,1,3,3-四甲四氟硼酸鹽(TCTU),若適宜,與其他助劑,諸如1-羥基苯并三唑(HOBt)或N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺(HOSu);及/或鹼,諸如鹼金屬碳酸鹽,例如碳酸鈉或碳酸鉀,或有機胺鹼,諸如三乙胺、N-甲基哌啶、 N-甲基嗎啉(NMM)、N,N-二異丙基乙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶或4-N,N-二甲基胺基吡啶(DMAP)組合。較佳使用O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲六氟磷酸鹽(HATU)或O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲四氟硼酸鹽(TBTU)與N,N-二異丙基乙胺(DIPEA)及視情況選用之1-羥基苯并三唑(HOBt)之組合。
除非另外指出,否則用於方法之可接受之惰性溶劑(若需要)為例如醚,諸如乙醚、第三丁基甲基醚、四氫呋喃(THF)、1,4-二噁烷或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;烴類,諸如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、己烷或環己烷;鹵化烴,諸如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯或氯苯;或其他溶劑,諸如丙酮、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、吡啶、二甲亞碸(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、N,N'-二甲基伸丙基脲(DMPU)或 N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)。亦可使用此等溶劑之混合物。較佳使用二氯甲烷、四氫呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺或其混合物。
LCMS (方法1):HSST3 儀器:Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC系統;管柱:Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8 µm 50 × 1 mm;溶離劑A:1 l水 + 0.25 ml 99%甲酸,溶離劑B:1 l乙腈 + 0.25 ml 99%甲酸;梯度:0.0 min 90% A→1.2 min 5% A→2.0 min 5% A;流動速率:0.40 ml/min;UV偵測:208-400 nm。
LCMS (方法2):MHZ-QP-Gold 儀器:Micromass Quattro Premier mit Waters UPLC Acquity系統;管柱:Thermo Hypersil GOLD 1.9 µ 50 × 1 mm;溶離劑A:1 l水 + 0.5 ml 50%甲酸,溶離劑B:1 l乙腈 + 0.5 ml 50%甲酸;梯度:0.0 min 97% A→0.5 min 97% A→3.2 min 5% A→4.0 min 5% A;烘箱:50℃;流動速率:0.3 ml/min;UV偵測:210 nm。
LCMS (方法3):MCW-FT-MS-M1 儀器:Thermo Scientific FT-MS UHPLC+系統;Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000;管柱:Waters, HSST3, 2.1 × 75 mm, C18 1.8 µm;溶離劑A:1 l水 + 0.01%甲酸;溶離劑B:1 l乙腈 + 0.01%甲酸;梯度:0.0 min 10% B → 2.5 min 95% B → 3.5 min 95% B;烘箱:50℃;流動速率:0.90 ml/min;UV偵測:210 nm/最優積分路徑210-300 nm
LCMS (方法4):MCW_SQ-HSST3_LONG 儀器:Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC系統;管柱:Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8 µ 50 × 1 mm;溶離劑A:1 l水 + 0.25 ml 99%甲酸,溶離劑B:1 l乙腈 + 0.25 ml 99%甲酸;梯度:0.0 min 95% A → 6.0 min 5% A → 7.5 min 5% A;烘箱:50℃;流動速率:0.35 ml/min;UV偵測:210 - 400 nm。
GCMS ( 方法 1) : DSQ-II
儀器:Thermo Scientific DSQII,Thermo Scientific Trace GC Ultra系統;管柱:Restek RTX-35MS, 15 m × 200 µm × 0.33 µm;恆定氦氣流量:1.20 ml/min;烘箱:60℃;入口:220℃;梯度:60℃,30℃/min → 300℃(保持時間3.33分鐘)。
HPLC 方法 1 :
系統:配備有梯度泵、UV偵測器且附接有資料記錄器及積分器軟體之高效液體層析儀;管柱:Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 (150mm*3mm, 3.5µm);流量:0.5 mL/min;管柱溫度:30℃;注射體積10 µL,偵測226 nm,運行時間:30分鐘;移動相A:含1.15 g NH4
H2
PO4
及1.16 g H3
PO4
(85%)之1L mili-Q水;移動相B:乙腈;梯度:
首先將256 kg琥珀酸二甲酯加入296 L甲醇中。在25-40℃之溫度下經2小時之時段添加332 kg NaOMe (30%於MeOH中)。將反應混合物加熱至65-70℃且經4小時之時段添加98.5 kg噻吩-3-醛於20 L甲醇中之溶液。將混合物再攪拌2小時,隨後冷卻至30-35℃。在<55℃下減壓蒸餾出溶劑(殘餘體積約400 L)。將混合物冷卻至10-30℃且添加296 L甲苯及788 L水。分離各相且用濃HCl將水相調節在pH 1-3之間。將水相用總共789 L甲苯再萃取三次,且將合併之有機相用98.5 kg NaCl於493 L水中之溶液洗滌。在<60℃下減壓蒸餾出溶劑,且在35-40℃下向殘餘物中添加197 L甲苯。將混合物冷卻至-5℃且過濾。過濾殘餘物用49 L甲苯及197 L己烷洗滌且隨後在45-50℃下減壓乾燥。以65%產率獲得128.9 kg3
。
類似於上述程序(但在較小規模上)製備之來自實驗室實驗的粗產物根據以下方法另外純化用於分析表徵:
含45 g粗產物之90 mL甲苯在40℃下攪拌1小時,隨後經2小時之時段冷卻至-5℃且在過濾器上分離。將過濾殘餘物進一步用冷甲苯及己烷洗滌且在40℃下之真空乾燥箱中乾燥。獲得25.6 g( XIII )
且表徵:1
H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 3.53 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 7.31 (dd,J
=4.95, 1.10 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd,J
=4.95, 2.93 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d,J
=2.57 Hz, 1H), 12.53 (br s, 1H)
LCMS (方法3): Rt
= 1.27 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 227 (M+H)+
首先將73.1 kg( XIII )
加入731 L甲苯中且添加115.5 kg乙酸酐及32.2 kg乙酸鈉。將反應混合物加熱至70-75℃,維持7小時。在25-30℃下添加366 L水,分離各相,用366 L水洗滌有機相。在<60℃下減壓濃縮有機相,直至剩餘300-360 L的殘餘體積。粗產物作為溶液用於下一階段。
對來自以下實驗室程序之樣品進行分析表徵:
首先將204 g中間物( XIII )
加入720 mL甲苯中且添加230 g乙酸酐及89 g乙酸鈉。將反應混合物加熱至70-75℃,維持7小時。冷卻後,過濾反應混合物,用1 L水洗滌濾液且分離各相。用1 L飽和NaCl水溶液洗滌有機相。在<60℃下減壓濃縮有機相,添加2×200 mL乙醇且再次濃縮混合物。獲得202 g粗產物4
,且可未經進一步純化即用於下一階段。
10 g粗產物自50 mL二異丙基醚再結晶且在40℃下之乾燥箱中乾燥。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 2.41 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 7.70 (d,J
=5.38 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d,J
=5.38 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H)
LCMS (方法4): Rt
= 2.72 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z = 251 (M+H)+
在25-30℃下將146 L甲醇及292 L水添加至濃縮的( XII )
粗溶液中,且在<45℃下經1.5小時之時段添加77.5 kg NaOH於366 L水中之溶液。將反應混合物加熱至50-55℃,維持5小時。分離各相,且用73 L水進一步稀釋水相。在10-15℃下用半濃硫酸將水相酸化至pH 2-3,且隨後加熱至40-45℃,再維持1小時。經2小時之時段緩慢冷卻至25-30℃後,產物在離心過濾器上分離且用219 L水洗滌。在60-65℃下之熱空氣乾燥器中乾燥後,獲得57.5 kg中間物( XI )
(產率:92%)。
對來自以下實驗室程序之樣品進行分析表徵:
首先在室溫下將2.0 g4
加入15 mL乙醇及5 mL THF中且添加20 mL氫氧化鈉水溶液(2莫耳)。將混合物加熱至50℃維持3小時,且隨後添加50 mL乙酸乙酯及10 mL甲苯。分離各相,且用3.6 g半濃硫酸酸化水相。將懸浮液冷卻至0℃且過濾。用水洗滌過濾殘餘物且在40℃下之真空乾燥箱中乾燥。獲得1.4 g (90%)( XI )
且表徵:1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 2.50 (dt,J
=3.55, 1.77 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (s, 1H) 3.32 (s, 3H), 7.33 (d,J
=1.10 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d,J
=5.38 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d,J
=5.38 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d,J
=1.34 Hz, 1H), 10.64 (s, 1H), 12.79 (s, 1H)
LCMS (方法1): Rt
= 0.67 min; MS (ESI neg): m/z = 194 (M-H)
方法A:
首先將61.0 kg中間物( XI )
加入244 L丙酮及427 L甲苯中且添加130.2 kg K2
CO3
。將懸浮液加熱至50-60℃且經1小時之時段添加79.2 kg硫酸二甲酯。在此溫度下將混合物再攪拌8小時,隨後在85℃下蒸餾出溶劑直至不再有餾出物經過。
冷卻至25-30℃後,添加610 L水且分離各相。水相用244 L甲苯萃取,合併之有機相用305 L水洗滌且在60℃下減壓蒸餾出溶劑。粗產物( X )
未經進一步純化即用於下一階段。
方法B:
首先將18.5 g中間物( XV )
加入220 mL 2-丁酮中,添加18.4 g碳酸鉀且在室溫下攪拌混合物5分鐘。隨後添加8.4 mL硫酸二甲酯,在室溫下攪拌混合物5小時。向懸浮液中添加26.7 mL 28%氨溶液、220 mL水及220 mL甲基第三丁基醚,且將混合物攪拌1小時。分離各相,用3×220 mL甲基第三丁基醚萃取水相。經硫酸鈉乾燥合併之有機相且在40℃下減壓濃縮。以定量產率獲得中間物( X )
。
對於分析表徵,來自數個實驗室實驗之組合樣品藉由製備型層析純化且表徵:
在約370 g矽膠上使用正庚烷及乙酸乙酯(95:5至90:10)層析純化11.4 g粗產物( X )
。藉由濃縮主要溶離份獲得7.4 g6
且分析表徵:1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.61 (d,J
=5.26 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d,J
=5.38 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H)
GCMS (方法1): Rt
= 6.51 min; MS: m/z = 222 (M)+
將前一階段之粗產物(X)溶解於244 L THF中,且在25-30℃下經3小時之時段添加159 kg 60%雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)鋁二氫化鈉(Red-Al®)於甲苯中之溶液。將反應混合物再攪拌3小時,冷卻至0-5℃且隨後在<25℃下用61.0 kg NaOH於610 L水中之溶液水解。隨後在25-30℃下添加122 L甲苯,分離各相且用305 L甲苯萃取水相。合併之有機相用61 kg NaCl於305 L水中之溶液洗滌且在60℃下減壓濃縮。中間物( IX )
未經進一步純化即用於下一階段。
根據以下程序製備用於分析表徵之樣品:
將26.3 g (X)溶解於230 mL THF中,且在10-20℃下經10分鐘之時段添加25.2 mL 2.4莫耳氫化鋰鋁之THF溶液。將反應混合物再攪拌1小時,隨後在冰浴中用84 mL鹽酸水溶液(1M)水解。
添加130 mL甲基第三丁基醚且用80 mL鹽酸水溶液(2M)調節至pH 1。分離水相且用甲基第三丁基醚萃取。合併之有機相用50 mL 5%鹽水溶液洗滌,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且減壓濃縮。殘餘物在900 g矽膠上藉由製備型層析純化(溶離劑正庚烷:乙酸乙酯70:30至65:35)。獲得呈油狀之18.5 g (92%)產物( IX )
。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 3.95 (s, 3H), 4.61 (d,J
=5.75 Hz, 2H), 5.25 (t,J
=5.75 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 7.37 - 7.45 (m, 2H) 7.70 (d,J
=5.26 Hz, 1H)
GCMS (方法1): Rt
= 6.45 min; MS: m/z = 194 (M)+
將中間物( IX )
在852 L甲苯中加熱至50-55℃,且經90分鐘之時段添加609 L濃HCl水溶液。將混合物再攪拌6小時,隨後冷卻至25-30℃。分離各相,將有機相添加至54.8 kg NaHCO3
於609 L水中之溶液中。分離有機相,用含61 kg NaCl之304 L水洗滌且添加60.9 kg Na2
SO4
。過濾懸浮液且用61 L甲苯洗滌濾餅。在<60℃下減壓蒸餾出溶劑,且(VIII)未經進一步純化即用於下一階段。
根據以下程序製備用於分析表徵之樣品:
在室溫下將6.3 ml亞硫醯氯添加至含14.0 g中間物( IX )
之210 mL甲苯中且將混合物攪拌2小時。在60℃下減壓濃縮反應混合物且再添加甲苯兩次,每次150 ml,濃縮混合物。
將殘餘物溶解於230 mL甲基第三丁基醚及150 mL水中。添加30 mL 10%鹽水溶液,且用15 mL飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中和混合物。將有機相用30 mL 10%鹽水溶液洗滌且減壓濃縮。為了乾燥,將殘餘物用少量乙酸乙酯處理兩次且濃縮。獲得呈油狀之14.20 g (93%)產物( VIII )
。
GCMS (方法1): Rt
= 6.29 min; MS: m/z = 212 (M)+
將前一階段之粗產物(VIII)溶解於304 L THF中,且在20-35℃下經4小時之時段添加237.5 kg 60%雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)鋁二氫化鈉(Red-Al®)於甲苯中之溶液。將反應混合物再攪拌2小時,冷卻至0-5℃,隨後在<25℃下緩慢添加91.3 kg NaOH於913 L水中之溶液。隨後在25-30℃下添加122 L甲苯,分離各相且用304 L甲苯萃取水相。合併之有機相用60.9 kg NaCl於305 L水中之溶液洗滌且在60℃下減壓濃縮。藉由在高真空下在125-160℃下分餾純化粗產物。獲得34.3 kg中間物( VII )
。
HPLC (方法1):面積%:99.56% VII;含量:99.9重量%
將357 L THF冷卻至-68至-80℃且在此溫度下添加118.2 kg正丁基鋰(2.5 M己烷溶液)。隨後將混合物進一步冷卻至-73至-80℃。
在另一個反應容器中,將51.0 kg (VII)溶解於87 L THF中且緩慢添加至預先製備之高度冷卻的正丁基鋰溶液中。隨後將反應混合物在較低溫度下再攪拌30分鐘,且接著在-70至-80℃下添加109 L硼酸三異丙酯。在30分鐘後,在<10℃下添加含20.9 kg KOH之102 L水。隨後將混合物用663 L水進一步稀釋且在20-30℃下分離有機相。
將水相用153 L甲苯洗滌3次,冷卻至0至5℃且用半濃硫酸緩慢酸化至pH 2-3。在0至-5℃下3小時後,過濾混合物且用510 L水洗滌過濾殘餘物。將濕濾餅在40-45℃下懸浮於510 L環己烷中,在20-35℃下藉由過濾分離且在過濾器上用255 L環己烷洗滌。
將產物在真空乾燥箱中在40-45℃下乾燥。獲得64.8 kg( VI )
,其含水量為約10%至15%。
HPLC (方法1) 面積%:99.01%VI
,0.97%VII
;含量88.6重量%
按照與上述相同的程序但在較小的實驗室規模上製備用於NMR表徵的樣品:1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 2.43 (s, 3 H), 3.93 (s, 3 H), 6.77 (s, 1 H), 7.29 (s, 1 H), 7.86 (s, 1 H), 8.44 (s, 2 H)
首先將22.6 g中間物( X )
加入560 mL乙醇中且添加13.7 g K2
CO3
。將懸浮液加熱回流4小時,隨後在40℃下減壓濃縮。
向殘餘物中添加560 mL水及560 mL甲基第三丁基醚,用2 M HCl水溶液將pH調節至2-3。分離各相,水相用3×230 mL甲基第三丁基醚萃取。經硫酸鈉乾燥合併之有機相且在40℃下減壓濃縮。以定量產率獲得18.8 g中間物( XV )
。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 3.87 (s, 3H), 7.34 (d,J
=0.98 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d,J
=5.26 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d,J
=5.38 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d,J
=1.10 Hz, 1H), 10.73 (s, 1H)
LCMS (方法3): Rt
= 1.52 min; MS (ESI pos): m/z = 209 (M+H)+
首先將25.0 g中間物( XI )
加入250 mL四氫呋喃中,且在15-20℃下經1.5小時之時段添加117.1 g 60%雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)鋁二氫化鈉(Red-Al®)於甲苯中之溶液。將反應混合物再攪拌20小時,冷卻至5-10℃且隨後緩慢添加300 mL 2 M鹽酸水溶液及100 mL水。添加350 mL甲基第三丁基醚且在矽藻土上再用100 mL甲基第三丁基醚過濾混合物。分離各相,水相用2×60 mL甲基第三丁基醚萃取。合併之有機相用50 mL水洗滌,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且在35℃下減壓濃縮。獲得18.4 g中間物( XVI )
。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ ppm 4.53 (d,J
=5.75 Hz, 2H), 5.16 (t,J
=5.75 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d,J
=5.26 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d,J
=5.26 Hz, 1H), 10.19 (s, 1H)
LCMS (方法1): Rt
= 0.58 min; MS (ESI pos): m/z = 179 (M-H)-
Claims (18)
- 如請求項1之方法,其中在步驟5中,該溶劑係使用THF,該金屬有機鹼係正丁基鋰溶液以及該硼酸三烷基酯係硼酸三異丙酯;且在步驟4中,該溶劑係選自二噁烷Me-THF、CPME、MTBE、苯、甲苯、二甲苯環己烷及THF,以及該還原劑係選自鈉-雙(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-鋁-二氫化物溶液、具有催化劑之氫氣、LAH、硼烷及矽烷。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中在步驟5中,該溶劑係使用THF,該金屬有機鹼係正丁基鋰溶液以及該硼酸三烷基酯係硼酸三異丙酯;且在步驟4中,該溶劑係THF,以及該還原劑係鈉-雙(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-鋁-二氫化物溶液。
- 如請求項2之方法,其中在步驟3中,該甲基化劑係選自硫酸二甲酯及碘代甲烷,且使用之該 溶劑係丙酮及甲苯之混合物。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中在步驟3中,該甲基化劑係硫酸二甲酯,且使用之該溶劑係丙酮及甲苯之混合物。
- 如請求項3之方法,其中該鹼係氫氧化鈉水溶液,且該強質子酸係選自HCl、HNO3、磺酸、CH3COOH或H2SO4。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中該鹼係氫氧化鈉水溶液,且該強質子酸係H2SO4。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該甲基化劑係硫酸二甲酯。
- 如請求項5之方法,其中該脫水劑係選自乙酸酐、三氟乙酸酐及氯甲酸甲酯,且該鹼係選自乙酸鈉及乙酸鉀。
- 如請求項15之方法,其中該脫水劑係乙酸酐,且該鹼係乙酸鈉。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中該鹼係甲醇鈉且該溶劑係甲醇。
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