TWI579333B - 離子交換膜 - Google Patents
離子交換膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI579333B TWI579333B TW104143991A TW104143991A TWI579333B TW I579333 B TWI579333 B TW I579333B TW 104143991 A TW104143991 A TW 104143991A TW 104143991 A TW104143991 A TW 104143991A TW I579333 B TWI579333 B TW I579333B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- repeating unit
- exchange membrane
- ion exchange
- polymer
- independently
- Prior art date
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- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004060 quinone imines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007152 ring opening metathesis polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 sec-butyl ( Sec-butyl) Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLXCHZCQTCBUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-enylimidazole Chemical compound C=CCN1C=CN=C1 XLXCHZCQTCBUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYEGAEUUQMJXTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)-1-methylimidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1CCl VYEGAEUUQMJXTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUMNWCHHXDUKFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enylmethanol Chemical compound C1C2C(CO)CC1C=C2 LUMNWCHHXDUKFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-n-hexadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylidene(dichloro)ruthenium;tricyclohexylphosphanium Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JQOAQUXIUNVRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC.CCCCCC JQOAQUXIUNVRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- YZCRWWDMRZKXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-imine Chemical compound CCCCC=N YZCRWWDMRZKXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
-
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
- C08G61/04—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms
- C08G61/06—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds
- C08G61/08—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds of carbocyclic compounds containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/42—Ion-exchange membranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/12—Copolymers
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/13—Morphological aspects
- C08G2261/135—Cross-linked structures
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- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/141—Side-chains having aliphatic units
- C08G2261/1412—Saturated aliphatic units
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- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/143—Side-chains containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/149—Side-chains having heteroaromatic units
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G2261/33—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/332—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms
- C08G2261/3324—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms derived from norbornene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G2261/3325—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms derived from other polycyclic systems
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G2261/334—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing heteroatoms
- C08G2261/3342—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing heteroatoms derived from cycloolefins containing heteroatoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/41—Organometallic coupling reactions
- C08G2261/418—Ring opening metathesis polymerisation [ROMP]
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/50—Physical properties
- C08G2261/51—Charge transport
- C08G2261/516—Charge transport ion-conductive
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/70—Post-treatment
- C08G2261/76—Post-treatment crosslinking
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Description
本發明關於一種離子交換膜,特別是關於一種本質型陰離子交換膜。
離子交換膜目前被廣泛應用於電透析提純、燃料電池、以及其它電鍍及食品工業中。
離子交換膜具有與構成膜本體的聚合物材料連接的帶負電荷或正電荷的基團,可在電勢或化學勢下輸送陽離子或陰離子。陽離子交換膜具有固定的負電荷和移動的正電荷離子。同樣地,陰離子交換膜則具有固定的帶正電荷的基團和移動的帶負電荷的陰離子。離子交換膜的性質受固定的離子基團的數量、類型和分佈控制。然而,傳統作為陰離子交換膜的高分子材料,由於溶解度、機械強度、及溶劑選擇性較差,並不適用於離子交換膜燃料電池中。
根據本發明一實施例,本發明提供一種離子交換膜。該離子交換膜包含一聚合物與一交聯劑之反應產物。該聚合物可包含一第一重複單元、及一第二重複單元,其中該第一
重複單元係;該第二重複單元係
其中R+係 ;A-可為F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、HCO3 -、HSO4 -、SbF6 -、
BF4 -、H2PO4 -、H2PO3 -、或H2PO2 -;X係,i及j可為獨立為0、或1-6的整數,Y可為-O-、-S-、-CH2-、或-NH-;R1可為獨立為C1-8的烷基;以及,R2及R3可為獨立為氫、或C1-8的烷基。此外,該交聯劑可為具有至少二個馬來醯亞胺官能基的化合物。
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉出較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:
以下所揭示提供許多不同之實施例,例如提供不同揭示之特徵。所述之部分特定範例係在以下揭示,以簡化本發明。當然,此些實施例僅為範例,而不用以限制本發明。本
發明所述之「一」表示為「至少一」。
本發明提供一種離子交換膜,例如為一本質型固態鹼性陰離子交換膜。該離子交換膜係使用含高穩定性的環狀共軛官能基團(例如咪唑(imidazole)基)作為離子交換基團。另外,由於使用具有至少二個醯亞胺(imide)官能基的化合物作為交聯劑,可與具有環狀共軛官能基團進行反應,可提高具有離子基團之聚合物的成膜性,並提昇離子交換膜的機械強度、尺寸安定性,且亦可使所得之離子交換膜保有高離子傳導能力。此外,該交聯劑係可為高分子型交聯劑,以與該聚合物形成具化學交聯的互穿結構,強化該離子交換膜的機械強度及尺寸安定性。
該離子交換膜可包含一聚合物與一交聯劑之反應產物。在所使用的聚合物之設計上,為增加離子交換膜的導電性,本發明使用之聚合物導入具有陽離子基團的重複單元。此外,為避免聚合物因為具有陽離子基團的重複單元導致在溶劑中的可溶性下降,該聚合物進一步導入具有非離子基團的重複單元。
根據本發明實施例,該聚合物可包含一第一重複
單元、及一第二重複單元。該第一重複單元可為
其中R+係 (例
如:、或)、或(例
如:、或);A-可為F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、HCO3 -、HSO4 -、SbF6 -、BF4 -、或H2PO4 -、H2PO3 -、
或H2PO2 -;X係,i及j可為獨立為0、或1-6的整數,Y可為-O-、-S-、-CH2-、或-NH-;以及,R2及R3可為獨立為氫、或C1-8的烷基(例如:甲基(methyl)、乙基(ethyl)、丙基(propyl)、異丙基(isopropyl)、正丁基(n-butyl)、仲丁基(sec-butyl)、異丁基(isobutyl)、叔丁基(tert-butyl)、戊基(pentyl)、己基(hexyl)、環己基(cyclohexyl)、環戊基(cyclopentyl)、庚基(heptyl)、或辛基(octyl))。此外,該第二重
複單元可為,其中R1係獨立為C1-8的烷基(例如:甲基(methyl)、乙基(ethyl)、丙基(propyl)、異丙基(isopropyl)、
正丁基(n-butyl)、仲丁基(sec-butyl)、異丁基(isobutyl)、叔丁基(tert-butyl)、戊基(pentyl)、己基(hexyl)、環己基(cyclohexyl)、環戊基(cyclopentyl)、庚基(heptyl)、或辛基(octyl))。
根據本發明實施例,本發明所述聚合物的分子量(例如數目平均分子量)可介於約100,000至250,000之間。
根據本發明實施例,該第一重複單元可例如為
或,其中R+係 (例如:、或)、
或(例如:、或);A-可為F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、HCO3 -、HSO4 -、SbF6 -、BF4 -、H2PO4 -、
H2PO3 -、或H2PO2 -;X係;Y可為-O-、-S-、-CH2-、或-NH-;i及j可獨立為0、或1-6的整數;以及,R2及R3可獨立為氫、或C1-8的烷基。
根據本發明實施例,該第二重複單元可例如為
根據本發明實施例,該聚合物的該第一重複單元與該第二重複單元的數量比例可依所需的聚合物性質來加以調整。舉例來說,為增加聚合物的導電性及陰離子的交換能力,可增加聚合物中第一重複單元的數量。另一方面,為增加聚合物的溶解度、機械強度、以及溶劑選擇性,可增加聚合物中第二重複單元的數量。該第一重複單元與該第二重複單元的數量比例可介於約1:99至99:1之間,例如介於約10:90至90:10之間、介於約20:80至80:20之間、或介於30:70至70:30之間。
根據本發明實施例,本發明所述之聚合物可更包含一第三
重複單元,其中該第三重複單元可為。該第一
重複單元、第二重複單元、或該第三重複單元係以此部份
與其他第一重複單元、第二重複單元、或該第三重複單元的
部份相連。此外,該第一重複單元、第二重複單元、或該第三重複單元係以無規方式重複。舉例來說,本發明所述聚合物包
含具有結構之基團、具有
結構之基團、或是具有
結構之基團。根據本發明實施例,該
聚合物第三重複單元的數量與該第一重複單元及第二重複單元的數量總合之比可介於約0.1:100至5:100之間,例如:可介於約0.5:100至4:100之間、或介於約0.5:100至3:100之間。導入該第三重複單元至該聚合物中,可使該聚合物藉由結構中之雙鍵可再行交聯反應,使其交聯度上升,進而提升其機械強度。此外,當第三重複單元的數量過高時,會導致該聚合物交聯程度過大,而使得高分子分子量過高,無法回溶於後續加工用之溶劑。
根據本發明實施例,本發明所述之交聯劑可為具有至少二個醯亞胺官能基(例如作為末端基)的化合物,醯亞胺官能基可選自如鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、琥珀醯亞胺、N-溴代琥珀醯亞胺、戊二醯亞胺、或馬來醯亞胺。舉例來說,該交聯劑可為具有至少二個馬來醯亞胺官能基的化合物。根據本發明實施
例,該具有二個馬來醯亞胺官能基的化合物可為
,其中Z可為 、或,其中Y1係為單鍵、-O-、-S-、-CH2-、或-NH-,R4係獨立為氫、或C1-4的烷基;以及,n≧1、x係介於1至12之間、y和z係獨立介於1至5之間。舉例來說,該交聯劑可為
此外,根據本發明實施例,該交聯劑亦可為具有至少二個馬來醯亞胺官能基的高分子型交聯劑。該高分子型交聯劑係起始物(a)與起始物(b)之反應產物,起始物(a)係
,其中Z係為 、或,R4係獨立為氫、或C1-4的烷基;以及,n≧1、x係介於1至12之間、y和z係獨立介於1至5之間;以及,該起始物(b)係具有式(I)或式(II)所示之化合物
,其中R5係為氫、或C1-4的烷基,以及R6係為氫、或C1-4的烷基。
該起始物(b)可例如為、或。該高分子型交聯劑可與該聚合物形成具化學交聯的互穿結構,強化該離子交換膜的機械強度及尺寸安定性。
根據本發明實施例,本發明所述聚合物的製備方法可包含對一組成物進行聚合反應,例如為開環移位聚合(ring opening metathesis polymerization、ROMP)反應。該組成物可包含具有式(III)的第一單體以及具有式(IV)的第二單體
其中,R+係 ;A-係F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、HCO3 -、HSO4 -、SbF6 -、
BF4 -、H2PO4 -、H2PO3 -、或H2PO2 -;X係,i及j係獨立為0、或1-6的整數,Y係-O-、-S-、-CH2-、或-NH-;R1係獨立為C1-8的烷基;以及,R2及R3係獨立為氫、或C1-8的烷基。此外,在進行聚合反應時,亦可添加催化劑,例如第一代或第二代格拉布斯(Grubb’s)催化劑。
根據本發明實施例,該第一單體可例如為
、或。其中,R+可為 、或;A-可為F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、HCO3 -、HSO4 -、SbF6 -、BF4 -、H2PO4 -、H2PO3 -、或H2PO2 -;
X係,i及j係獨立為0、或1-6的整數,Y係-O-、-S-、-CH2-、或-NH-;以及,R2及R3係獨立為氫、或C1-8的烷基(例如:甲基(methyl)、乙基(ethyl)、丙基(propyl)、異丙基(isopropyl)、正丁基(n-butyl)、仲丁基(sec-butyl)、異丁基(isobutyl)、叔丁基(tert-butyl)、戊基(pentyl)、己基(hexyl)、環己基(cyclohexyl)、環戊基(cyclopentyl)、庚基(heptyl)、或辛基
(octyl))。此外,該第二單體可例如為
根據本發明實施例,該第一單體與該第二單體的莫耳比可介於約1:99至99:1之間,例如介於約10:90至90:10之間、介於約20:80至80:20之間、或介於約30:70至70:30之間。
此外,根據本發明實施例,上述組成物更包含一
第三單體,其中該第三單體可為,且該第三單體與該第一單體及第二單體之總合的莫耳比係介於約0.1:100至5:100之間,例如:可介於0.5:100至4:100之間、或0.5:100至3:100之間。
根據本發明實施例,本發明所述離子交換膜的製備方法可包含以下步驟:首先提供一組成物,該組成物包含上述聚合物以及交聯劑。此外,該組成物亦可包含一溶劑,使得該組成物的固含量介於約5wt%至50wt%之間。在該組成物中,該交聯劑可具有一重量百分比介於約1wt%至30wt%之間(例如:介於約5wt%至30wt%之間、或介於約5wt%至25wt%之間),以該聚合物的總重為基準。若該交聯劑的含量過高,則易導致
所得之離子交換膜過於脆化;反之,若該交聯劑的含量過低則易導致所得之離子交換膜不易成膜、且喪失機械強度。
接著,對該組成物進行混合及分散,將該組成物塗佈於一基材(如玻璃基板)上形成一塗層薄膜,於高溫下進行烘烤以除去大部分的溶劑後,再於高溫烘箱內烘烤,除去剩餘之殘存溶劑。最後,將所得膜層依序以氫氧化鉀水溶液與去離子水分別於室溫下浸泡1-3小時。烘乾後,得到本發明所述之離子交換膜。
以下藉由下列實施例來說明本發明所述之聚合物及離子交換膜的製備方式,用以進一步闡明本發明之技術特徵。
將10mL之雙環戊二烯(dicyclopentadiene)(0.074mmol)及20.15mL之1-烯丙基咪唑(1-allylimidazole)(0.186mmol)加入一高壓反應瓶中。於180℃下攪拌八小時後,以減壓分餾純化及管柱層析法純化(以乙酸乙酯(EA)及己烷(hexane)作為沖提液(乙酸乙酯:己烷=9:1),得到化合物1(無色透明黏稠液體)。上述反應之反應式如下所示:
利用核磁共振光譜分析化合物1,所得之光譜資訊如下:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.46(d,J=15.3,1H),6.98
(m,2H),6.12(m,2H),3.79(m,2H),2.66(m,3H),1.89(m,1H),1.33(m,2H),0.62(m,1H)。
接著,將0.5g之化合物1(2.87mmol)及0.268mL之碘甲烷(methyl iodide)(4.30mmol)加入一反應瓶中。於室溫下攪拌八小時後,抽乾多餘的碘甲烷,得到化合物2(黃色黏稠液體)。上述反應之反應式如下所示:
利用核磁共振光譜分析化合物2,所得之光譜資訊如下:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 10.03(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),7.42(m,2H),6.21(m,2H),4.19(m,5H),2.74(m,3H),1.99(m,1H),1.41(m,2H),0.67(m,1H)。
將15mL之二甲基甲醯胺(dimethylformamide、DMF)加入一反應瓶中。於0℃下,將1.7g之氫化鈉(NaH)(0.00427mol)加入反應瓶中。接著,於0℃下加入2.122g之5-降冰片烯-2-甲醇(5-Norbornene-2-methanol)(0.0171mol)於反應瓶中。充分攪拌後,再加2g之1-甲基-2-氯甲基咪唑(0.0154mol)。攪拌12小時後,加入水進行中合反應後再以二氯甲烷進行萃取。移除溶劑後,經由減壓分餾純化得到化合物3。上述反應之反應式如下所示:
利用核磁共振光譜分析化合物3,所得之光譜資訊如下:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 6.90(s,2H),6.10-5.76(m,2H),4.59-4.81(m,2H),3.71(s,3H),3.51-3.00(m,2H),2.86-2.69(m,2H),2.33(m,1H),1.84-1.66(m,1H),1.41-1.10(m,2H),0.47-0.43(m,1H)。
接著,將2g之化合物3(9mmol)溶於二氯甲烷中。接著,加入1mL之碘甲烷(methyl iodide)(17mmol)。於室溫下攪拌12小時後,抽乾多餘的碘甲烷及溶劑,得到化合物4(黃色黏稠液體)。上述反應之反應式如下所示:
利用核磁共振光譜分析化合物4,所得之光譜資訊如下:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.45(s,2H),6.18-5.84(m,2H),4.90(s,2H),3.98(s,6H),3.68-3.20(m,2H),2.35(m,1H),1.86-1.78(m,1H),1.46-1.14(m,4H),0.52-0.51(m,1H)。
將13.4mL之雙環戊二烯(dicyclopentadiene)(0.1mmol)及36mL之1-辛烯(1-octene)(0.23mmol)加入一高壓反應瓶中。於240℃下攪拌12小時後,以中性氧化鋁過濾掉黃色
懸浮物。接著,以減壓分餾進行純化,得到化合物5(無色透明黏稠液體)。上述反應之反應式如下所示:
利用核磁共振光譜分析化合物5,所得之光譜資訊如下:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 6.08(m,1H,endo),6.04(m,1H,exo),5.90(m,1H,endo),2.67-2.77(m,2H),2.48(m,1H,exo),1.97(m,1H,endo),1.80(m,1H,endo),1.14-1.38(m,11H),0.82-0.90(m,3H),0.43-0.50(m,1H,endo)。
將2.73g之、以及0.37g的
加入一反應瓶中,並加入97g二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)中。充分攪拌後,在100-150℃下反應5-10小時,得到高子型交
聯劑(1)。(與莫耳比例為2:1)。
在氮氣環境下,將3.08g之化合物2(9.74mmole)與0.19g之化合物5(1.08mmole)置於一反應瓶中,並加入30mL之二氯甲烷加以溶解。接著,在30℃下將Grubb’s溶液(9.2mg、
溶於6mL之二氯甲烷中)慢慢加入反應瓶中。攪拌4小時後,將所得溶液慢慢加入250mL的乙醚中。攪拌約30分鐘後,將溶液移除,並以100mL的丙酮進行清洗,並將固體進行減壓乾燥,
得到聚合物(1)(具有重複單元及重複單元
,其中重複單元及重複單元
的數量比例約為9:1)。經量測後,該聚合物(1)之數目平均分子量(Mn)約為110000、分子量分佈值(PDI)約為1.4。
如實施例1所述的方式進行,除了將化合物2及化合物5的莫耳比由約9:1調整為約8:2,得到聚合物(2)(其中重複
單元及重複單元的數量比例約為8:2)。
如實施例1所述的方式進行,除了將化合物2及化合物5的莫耳比由約9:1調整為約7:3,得到聚合物(3)(其中重複
單元及重複單元的數量比例約為7:3)。
如實施例1所述的方式進行,除了將化合物2及化合物5的莫耳比由約9:1調整為約4:6,得到聚合物(4)(其中重複
單元及重複單元的數量比例約為4:6)。
如實施例1所述的方式進行,除了將化合物2及化
合物5的莫耳比由約9:1調整為約2:8,得到聚合物(5)(其中重複
單元及重複單元的數量比例約為2:8)。
在氮氣環境下,將3.53g之化合物4(9.74mmole)與0.19g之化合物5(1.08mmole)置於一反應瓶中,並加入30mL之二氯甲烷加以溶解。接著,在30℃下將Grubb’s溶液(9.2mg、溶於6mL之二氯甲烷中)慢慢加入反應瓶中。攪拌4小時後,將所得溶液慢慢加入250mL的乙醚中。攪拌約30分鐘後,將溶液移除,並以100mL的丙酮進行清洗,並將固體進行減壓乾燥,
得到聚合物(6)(具有重複單元及重複單元
,其中重複單元及重複單元
的數量比例約為9:1)。
如實施例6所述的方式進行,除了將化合物4及化合物5的莫耳比由約9:1調整為約6:4,得到聚合物(7)(其中重複
單元及重複單元的數量比例約為6:4)。
如實施例6所述的方式進行,除了將化合物4及化合物5的莫耳比由約9:1調整為約3:7,得到聚合物(8)(其中重複
單元及重複單元的數量比例約為3:7)。
在氮氣系統下,將3.08g之化合物2(9.74mmole)、
0.19g之化合物5(1.08mmole)、以及12mg之雙環戊二烯(dicyclopentadiene)(0.097mmole)置於一反應瓶中,並加入30mL之二氯甲烷加以溶解。接著,在30℃下將Grubb’s溶液(9.2mg、溶於6mL之二氯甲烷中)慢慢加入反應瓶中。攪拌4小時後,將所得溶液慢慢加入250mL的乙醚中。攪拌約30分鐘後,將溶液移除,並以100mL的丙酮進行清洗,並將固體進行
減壓乾燥,得到聚合物(9)(具有重複單元、重複單
元、以及重複單元,其中重複單元
、重複單元、及重複單元
的數量比例約為9:1:0.09)。
將100重量份之聚合物(1)(由實施例1所製備)加入一反應瓶中,並加入667重量份之二甲基乙醯胺(dimethylacetamide、DMAc)加以溶解。接著,將10重量份之高分子交聯劑(1)(由製備例4所製備)加入反應瓶中。接著,以高速均質機進行混合分散,並進行除泡,得到一溶液。接著,將該溶液以旋轉塗佈方式塗佈於一玻璃基板上,形成一塗層。接著,於40~150℃下進行烘烤以除去大部分的溶劑。接著,再於120~200℃下烘烤1~6小時,以除去剩餘之殘存溶劑。接著,將所得膜層依序以氫氧化鉀水溶液與去離子水各分別於室溫下處理1.5小時,去除殘餘溶劑。最後,得到陰離子交換膜(1)。量測該陰離子交換膜之離子導電度,結果如表1所示。
實施例11-14如實施例10所述的方式進行,除了分別將聚合物(1)以聚合物(2)-(5)取代,得到陰離子交換膜(2)-(5)。接著,量測該陰離子交換膜(2)-(5)之離子導電度、尺寸變化率、及抗張強度,結果如表1所示。
由表1可知,本發明所述陰離子交換膜,隨著離子性
重複單元()比例的增加,所得之陰離子交換膜也隨之具較高之離子導電度。
實施例15如實施例12所述的方式進行,除了將所使用的高分子交聯劑(1)由10重量份降低至7重量份,得到陰離子交換膜(6)。接著,量測該陰離子交換膜(6)之抗拉強度、及破裂強度,結果如表2所示。抗拉強度及破裂強度測試方法係參照ASTM D882。
實施例16如實施例12所述的方式進行,除了將所使用的高分子交聯劑(1)由10重量份增加至20重量份,得到陰離子
交換膜(7)。接著,量測該陰離子交換膜(7)之抗拉強度、及破裂強度,結果如表2所示。
實施例17如實施例12所述的方式進行,除了將所使用的高分子交聯劑(1)由10重量份增加至25重量份,得到陰離子交換膜(8)。接著,量測該陰離子交換膜(8)之抗拉強度、及破裂強度,結果如表2所示。
由表2可知,隨著高分子型交聯劑導入量的增加,膜材的機械強度(抗張強度、yield stress)與破裂強度(break stress)亦隨之提昇。因此,基於表1及表2可得知,本發明所述之離子交換膜具有良好的離子傳導能力與機械強度。
將100重量份之聚合物(6)(由實施例6所製備)加入一反應瓶中,並加入667重量份之二甲基乙醯胺(dimethylacetamide、DMAc)加以溶解。接著,將10重量份之高分子交聯劑(1)(由製備例4所製備)加入反應瓶中。接著,以高
速均質機進行混合分散,並進行除泡,得到一溶液。接著,將該溶液以旋轉塗佈方式塗佈於一玻璃基板上,形成一塗層。接著,於40~150℃下進行烘烤以除去大部分的溶劑。接著,再於120~200℃下烘烤1~6小時,以除去剩餘之殘存溶劑。接著,將所得膜層依序以氫氧化鉀水溶液與去離子水個分別於室溫下處理1.5小時,去除殘餘溶劑。最後,得到陰離子交換膜(9)。量測該陰離子交換膜之離子導電度、及尺寸變化率,結果如表3所示。
實施例19-20如實施例18所述的方式進行,除了分別將聚合物(6)以聚合物(7)及(8)取代,得到陰離子交換膜(10)及(11)。接著,量測該陰離子交換膜(10)及(11)之離子導電度、及尺寸變化率,結果如表3所示。
由表3可得知,本發明所述陰離子交換膜,隨著離
子性重複單元()比例的增加,所得之陰離子交換膜也隨之具較高之離子導電度。此外,本發明所述之陰離子交換膜亦具有不錯的尺寸安定性。
基於上述,本發明所述離子交換膜,由於係由具有高穩定性環狀共軛離子基團的聚合物以及可與該環狀共軛離子基團反應的交聯劑經反應後所得,具有較高的成膜性、離子傳導能力、機械強度、以及尺寸安定性,可進一步應用在燃料電池(fuel cell)或是純化分離設備中。
雖然本發明的實施例及其優點已揭露如上,但應該瞭解的是,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作更動、替代與潤飾。此外,本發明之保護範圍並未侷限於說明書內所述特定實施例中的製程、機器、製造、物質組成、裝置、方法及步驟,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可從本發明揭示內容中理解現行或未來所發展出的製程、機器、製造、物質組成、裝置、方法及步驟,只要可以在此處所述實施例中實施大抵相同功能或獲得大抵相同結果皆可根據本發明使用。因此,本發明之保護範圍包括上述製程、機器、製造、物質組成、裝置、方法及步驟。另外,每一申請專利範圍構成個別的實施例,且本發明之保護範圍也包括各個申請專利範圍及實施例的組合。
Claims (12)
- 一種離子交換膜,包含一聚合物與一交聯劑之反應產物,其中該聚合物包含一第一重複單元、及一第二重複單元, 其中該第一重複單元係;該第二重複單元係 ,其中R+係、、、
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該第一重複單元與該第二重複單元的比係介於1:99至99:1之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中R1係甲基(methyl)、乙基(ethyl)、丙基(propyl)、異丙基(isopropyl)、正丁基(n-butyl)、仲丁基(sec-butyl)、異丁基(isobutyl)、叔丁基(tert-butyl)、戊基(pentyl)、己基(hexyl)、環己基(cyclohexyl)、環戊基(cyclopentyl)、庚基(heptyl)、或辛基(octyl)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中R2及R3係獨立為氫、甲基(methyl)、乙基(ethyl)、丙基(propyl)、異丙基(isopropyl)、正丁基(n-butyl)、仲丁基(sec-butyl)、異丁基(isobutyl)、叔丁基(tert-butyl)、戊基(pentyl)、己基(hexyl)、環己基(cyclohexyl)、環戊基(cyclopentyl)、庚基(heptyl)、或辛基(octyl)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該第一 重複單元係、、、或 ,其中R+係、、、
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該第一 重複單元係、、、
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該第二 重複單元係、、、
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該聚合物更包含一第三重複單元,其中該第三重複單元係
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之離子交換膜,其中該第三重複單元與該第一重複單元及第二重複單元之總合的比係介於0.1:100至5:100之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該醯亞胺官能基係馬來醯亞胺官能基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該交 聯劑係,其中Z係為、、
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之離子交換膜,其中該交聯劑係起始物(a)與起始物(b)反應所得之產物,其中該起始物 (a)係,其中Z係為、、
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