TW201302716A - 新穎化合物 - Google Patents
新穎化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201302716A TW201302716A TW100129865A TW100129865A TW201302716A TW 201302716 A TW201302716 A TW 201302716A TW 100129865 A TW100129865 A TW 100129865A TW 100129865 A TW100129865 A TW 100129865A TW 201302716 A TW201302716 A TW 201302716A
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- group
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- optionally substituted
- substituents
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Abstract
本發明係關於式I化合物:□其作為微粒體前列腺素E2合成酶-1(mPGES-1)之抑制劑的用途、含有其之醫藥組合物及其作為治療及/或預防發炎性疾病及相關病狀之藥物的用途。A、M、W、R1、R2、R6、R7、R8具有本說明書中所提供之定義。
Description
本發明係關於作為微粒體前列腺素E2合成酶-1(mPGES-1)之抑制劑的新穎化合物、含有其之醫藥組合物及其作為治療及/或預防發炎性疾病及相關病狀(諸如發炎性/感受傷害性疼痛)之藥物的用途。
許多急性及慢性疾病/病症實際上為發炎性的,包括(但不限於)類風濕性疾病,例如類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎;內臟系統疾病,例如發炎性腸症候群;自體免疫疾病,例如紅斑狼瘡;肺病,如哮喘及COPD。利用非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID)及環加氧酶(COX)-2抑制劑之現行治療雖然有效,但顯示普遍存在胃腸及心血管副作用。高度需要顯示相等功效並具有改良之副作用概況的新穎治療選擇。
mPGES抑制劑可顯示此種改良之副作用概況,因為其以更具特異性之方式阻斷PGE2之產生,如下文所述。
NSAID及COX-2抑制劑藉由抑制COX酶之一或兩種同功異型物而減少炎症及疼痛。環加氧酶(COX)以兩種形式存在,一種組成性表現於許多細胞及組織中(COX-1),且一種在大部分細胞及組織中在發炎性反應期間由促發炎刺激物(諸如細胞激素)誘導(COX-2)。COX使花生四烯酸代謝成不穩定中間物前列腺素H2(PGH2)。PGH2進一步代謝成其他前列腺素,包括PGE2、PGF2α、PGD2、前列環素及凝血脂素A2。已知此等花生四烯酸代謝物具有明顯生理學及病理生理學活性,包括促發炎效應。詳言之,已知PGE2為高效促發炎介體,且亦已知其誘導發燒、炎症及疼痛。因此,開發許多藥物以便抑制PGE2之形成,包括「NSAID」(非類固醇消炎藥)及「昔布類藥物(coxibs)」(選擇性COX-2抑制劑)。此等藥物主要藉由抑制COX-1及/或COX-2,從而減少PGE2之形成來起作用。
然而,抑制COX具有如下缺點:使得所有PGH2下游代謝物之形成減少,已知其中有些代謝物具有有利性質。鑒於此,因此已知/懷疑藉由抑制COX起作用之藥物導致不利生物效應。
例如,藉由NSAID非選擇性抑制COX可引起胃腸副作用並影響血小板及腎功能。即使藉由昔布類藥物選擇性抑制COX-2,雖然可減少該等胃腸副作用,但據信亦可引起心血管問題。
因此,不引起上文所提及之副作用的發炎性疾病之替代性治療將在臨床上具有真實益處。詳言之,可預期較佳選擇性地抑制PGH2轉型成促發炎介體PGE2之藥物用於減少發炎性反應,而不會相應地減少其他有利花生四烯酸代謝物之形成。因此,將預期此種抑制可減輕以上所提及之不需要之副作用。
PGH2可藉由前列腺素E合成酶(PGES)轉型成PGE2。已描述兩種微粒體前列腺素E合成酶(mPGES-1及mPGES-2)及一種細胞溶質前列腺素E合成酶(cPGES)。提出mPGES-1與COX-2密切相關,且兩種酶在例如炎症期間均上調。因此,能夠抑制mPGES-1之作用且從而減少PGE2之形成的藥劑可能對治療炎症及更一般之急性及慢性疼痛病狀有益。
具有mPGES-1抑制活性的苯并咪唑及咪唑并吡啶衍生物揭示於WO 2010/034796、WO 2010/034797、WO 2010/034798、WO 2010/034799中。
PCT/EP2010/052799描述一大類不同的2-芳基胺基苯并咪唑,其中芳基帶有特定側鏈。
本發明係選自PCT/EP2010/052799之通式,其提供在基於細胞之藥理學檢測法中意外顯示改良活性之化合物。
如在酶檢測法中所量測,具有類似於mPGES-1酶之親和力的化合物可在基於細胞之檢測法中具有不同效能。
與來自酶檢測法之資料相比,來自基於細胞之藥理學檢測法的資料被認為慮及較佳可預測性及治療有效濃度/劑量估計值。本發明化合物在兩種檢測法中均顯示高效能。因此,其可能更適於活體內使用。
本發明提供一種式I化合物,
其中
R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示鹵基、-C1-3烷基,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;
W 表示-C(O)-、-C(O)O-,該等基團經由碳原子結合至-NH-部分之氮;
M 表示-C1-6烷基、-C3-7環烷基,該兩個基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-NH(C1-2烷基)、-N(C1-2烷基)2、-OC1-3烷基、-C1-5烷基、-C3-4環烷基之基團取代,在該後3個基團中該等烷基或環烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或氧雜環丁基-、四氫呋喃基-、四氫哌喃基-、氮雜環丁基-、吡咯啶基-、哌啶基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自氟、-CN、-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或苯基-、吡啶基-、噻吩基-、吡咯基-、吡唑基-、咪唑基-、噻唑基-、噁唑基-或異噁唑基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自鹵基、-CN或-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況進一步經一或多個氟原子取代;
R 8 表示-H、鹵素、-C1-3烷基,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;
R 6 表示-H、-C1-5烷基、-C3-5環烷基-C0-2烷基,在該後3個基團中該等烷基或環烷基片段視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;
R 7 表示鹵基、C1-5烷基-O-、C3-7環烷基-C0-2烷基-O-、4至7員雜環烷基-C0-2烷基-O-,在該後3個基團中該等烷基、環烷基或雜環烷基片段視情況經一或多個選自-F及-OC1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況進一步經一或多個氟原子取代;
A 表示C1-8烷基-、苯基-、茚滿基-、萘基-、1,2,3,4-四氫萘基、吡啶基-、噻吩基-、苯并噻吩基-、吡咯基-、吲哚基-、吡唑基-、吲唑基-、噻唑基-、苯并噻唑基-、噁唑基-、苯并噁唑基-、異噁唑基-、苯并異噁唑基-、苯基-C1-3烷基-、噻吩基-C1-3烷基-、吡啶基-C1-3烷基-、C3-7環烷基-C0-3烷基-、氧雜環丁基-C0-3烷基-、四氫呋喃基-C0-3烷基-、四氫哌喃基-C0-3烷基-,在該等基團中該等烷基-、環烷基-及雜環烷基片段視情況經一或多個選自R 9a 之取代基取代,且該等芳基及雜芳基片段視情況經一或多個選自R 9b 之取代基取代;
各R 9a 獨立地表示-F、-Cl、視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OC1-3烷基之取代基取代之-C1-3烷基;
各R 9b 獨立地表示-鹵基、-CN;視情況經一或多個氟原子取代之-C1-3烷基;或其鹽,尤其其生理學上可接受之鹽。
在第二實施例中,在通式I中,A、M、W、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 7 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義,且R 8 表示-H或氟。
在另一實施例中,在通式I中,A、M、W、R 1 、R 2 、R 7 、R 8 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義,且R 6 表示-H、-CH3、環丙基。
在另一實施例中,在通式I中,A、M、W、R 6 、R 7 、R 8 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義,且R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示氯、氟、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3。
在另一實施例中,在通式I中,A、M、W、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 8 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義,且R 7 表示氟、-OCHF2、-OCF3、-OCH2CH2F、-OCH2CHF2、-OCH2CF3、-O-四氫呋喃-3-基、-O-CH2-環丙基。
在另一實施例中,在通式I中,M、W、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 7 、R 8 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義,且
A 表示C1-4烷基-、C3-7環烷基-C0-2烷基-、四氫呋喃基-甲基、苯基-C1-2烷基-、吡啶基-甲基-、苯基-、茚滿基-、吡啶基-、噻吩基-、噻唑基-、苯并噻唑基,在該等基團中該等烷基-、環烷基-及雜環烷基-片段視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代,且該等芳基及雜芳基片段視情況經-F、-Cl、-Br、-CN、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3取代。
在另一實施例中,在通式I中,A、W、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 7 、R 8 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義,且
M 表示-C1-4烷基、-C3-5環烷基,該兩個基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-OCH3、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、環丙基之基團取代;或氧雜環丁基-、四氫呋喃基-、氮雜環丁基-或吡咯啶基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代;或苯基-、茚滿基-、噻吩基-、吡咯基-、吡唑基-、咪唑基-、噻唑基-或異噁唑基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-Cl、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代。
本發明之另一實施例包含式Ia化合物:
其中A、M、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 7 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義。
本發明之另一實施例包含式Ia化合物:
其中
M 表示甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、-CH2-環丙基、環丙基、環丁基、環戊基,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-OCH3、-CH3、-CF3之基團取代;或係選自以下基團:
該後9個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
該後11個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-Cl、-CH3、-CF3之取代基取代;且A、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 7 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義。
本發明之另一實施例包含式Ia化合物:其中
A 表示甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基,該後7個基團視情況經一或多個氟原子取代,或環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基,該後4個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
該後7個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
在該後11個基團中,該等芳基及雜芳基片段視情況經一或多個選自-F、-Cl、-Br、-CN、-CH3、-CF3之取代基取代;且M、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 7 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義。
本發明之另一實施例包含式Ib化合物:
其中M 為第三丁基;且A、R 1 、R 2 、R 6 、R 7 具有與任何先前實施例中所定義相同的定義。
本發明之另一實施例包含式Ia或式Ib之化合物:
其中
R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示氯、氟、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3;
R 6 表示-H、-CH3、環丙基;
R 7 表示氟、-OCHF2、-OCF3、-OCH2CH2F、-OCH2CHF2、-OCH2CF3、四氫呋喃-3-基-O-、-O-CH2-環丙基;
A表示甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基,該後7個基團視情況經一或多個氟原子取代,或環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基,該後4個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
該後7個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
在該後11個基團中,該等芳基及雜芳基片段視情況經一或多個選自-F、-Cl、-Br、-CN、-CH3、-CF3之取代基取代;
M 表示甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、環丙基、-CH2-環丙基、環丁基、環戊基,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-OCH3、-CH3、-CF3之基團取代;或係選自以下基團:
該後9個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
該後11個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-Cl、-CH3、-CF3之取代基取代;或其鹽,尤其其生理學上可接受之鹽。
本文中未特別定義之術語應具有熟習此項技術者根據揭示內容及上下文賦予其之含義。然而,如本說明書中所使用,除非有相反規定,否則以下術語具有所指示之含義且遵循以下協定。
在下文定義之基團(group/radical)或部分中,通常在基團之前規定碳原子數目,例如C1-6烷基意謂具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。一般而言,對於包含兩個或兩個以上子基團之基團,最後提及之子基團為基團連接點,例如取代基「芳基-C1-3烷基-」意謂芳基結合至C1-3烷基-,其中C1-3烷基-結合至取代基所連接之核心或基團。
在以化學名稱形式描述本發明化合物及描述為式的情況下,倘若存在任何差異,則應以式為準。
亞式中可使用星號來指示連接至所定義之核心分子的鍵,例如環丙基甲基-將由以下圖式表示:
除非特別指示,否則在本說明書及所附申請專利範圍中,指定化學式或名稱應涵蓋其互變異構體(例如1H-苯并咪唑可被視為與含有3H-苯并咪唑之相應化合物相同)及所有立體異構體、光學異構體及幾何異構體(例如對映異構體、非對映異構體、E/Z異構體等)及外消旋物,以及各別對映異構體之不同比例之混合物、非對映異構體混合物或任何上述形式之混合物(其中存在該等異構體及對映異構體),以及其鹽(包括其醫藥學上可接受之鹽)及溶劑合物(諸如水合物),包括游離化合物之溶劑合物或化合物之鹽的溶劑合物。
本文所採用之片語「醫藥學上可接受」係指該等化合物、物質、組合物及/或劑型在合理醫學判斷之範圍內適合與人類及動物組織接觸使用而無過度毒性、刺激、過敏反應或其他問題或併發症,且配合合理之益處/風險比。
如本文所使用,「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指所揭示化合物之衍生物,其中該母體化合物係藉由製造其酸或鹼鹽而得以改質。醫藥學上可接受之鹽的實例包括(但不限於)鹼性殘基(諸如胺)之無機酸鹽或有機酸鹽;酸性殘基(諸如羧酸)之鹼金屬鹽或有機鹽;及其類似物。例如,該等鹽包括由以下各物產生之鹽:氨、L-精胺酸、甜菜鹼、苄苯乙胺、苯乍生(benzathine)、氫氧化鈣、膽鹼、丹醇(deanol)、二乙醇胺(2,2'-亞胺基雙(乙醇))、二乙胺、2-(二乙基胺基)-乙醇、2-胺基乙醇、乙二胺、N-乙基-葡糖胺、海卓胺、1H-咪唑、離胺酸、氫氧化鎂、4-(2-羥基乙基)-嗎啉、哌嗪、氫氧化鉀、1-(2-羥基-乙基)-吡咯啶、氫氧化鈉、三乙醇胺(2,2',2"-氮基參(乙醇))、緩血酸胺、氫氧化鋅、乙酸、2.2-二氯-乙酸、己二酸、海藻酸、抗壞血酸、L-天冬胺酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、2,5-二羥基苯甲酸、4-乙醯胺基-苯甲酸、(+)-樟腦酸、(+)-樟腦-10-磺酸、碳酸、肉桂酸、檸檬酸、環己胺磺酸、癸酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、乙烷磺酸、2-羥基-乙烷磺酸、乙二胺基四乙酸、甲酸、反丁烯二酸、黏酸、龍膽酸、D-葡糖庚酸、D-葡糖酸、D-葡糖醛酸、麩胺酸、麩胺酸(glutantic acid)、戊二酸、2-側氧基-戊二酸、甘油磷酸、甘胺酸、乙醇酸、己酸、馬尿酸、氫溴酸、鹽酸及異丁酸、DL-乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、離胺酸、順丁烯二酸、(-)-L-蘋果酸、丙二酸、DL-杏仁酸、甲烷磺酸、半乳糖二酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、1-羥基-2-萘甲酸、菸鹼酸、硝酸、辛酸、油酸、乳清酸、乙二酸、棕櫚酸、雙羥萘酸(恩波酸(embonic acid))、磷酸、丙酸、(-)-L-焦麩胺酸、水楊酸、4-胺基-水楊酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、丁二酸、硫酸、鞣酸、(+)-L-酒石酸、硫氰酸、對甲苯磺酸及十一烯酸。其他醫藥學上可接受之鹽可由金屬(如鋁、鈣、鋰、鎂、鉀、鈉、鋅及其類似物)之陽離子形成。(亦參看Pharmaceutical salts,Berge,S.M.等人,J. Pharm. Sci.,(1977),66,1-19)。
本發明之醫藥學上可接受之鹽可藉由習知化學方法自含有鹼性或酸性部分之母體化合物合成。一般而言,該等鹽可藉由使此等化合物之游離酸或鹼形式與足量適當鹼或酸在水或有機稀釋劑(如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、異丙醇或乙腈)或其混合物中反應來製備。
除上文所提及之酸以外的其他酸之例如適用於純化或分離本發明化合物的鹽(例如三氟乙酸鹽)亦構成本發明之一部分。
術語鹵素一般表示氟、氯、溴及碘。
術語「C1-n烷基」,其中n為2至n之整數,在單獨或與另一基團組合時,表示具有1至n個C原子之非環狀飽和分支鏈或直鏈烴基。例如,術語C1-5烷基包含以下基團:H3C-、H3C-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-C(CH3)2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-及H3C-CH2-CH(CH2CH3)-。
術語「C3-n環烷基」,其中n為大於3之整數,在單獨或與另一種基團組合時,表示具有3至n個C原子之環狀飽和烴基。例如,術語C3-7環烷基包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基及環庚基。
術語「環烷基」亦包括僅由碳組成且含有1至4個環之雙環、三環或四環結構,其中該等環可以側接方式連接在一起或可稠合。術語「環烷基」另外涵蓋螺環系統及橋連系統。環烴基亦可稠合至苯基環。
因此,術語「環烷基」包括以下例示性結構,該等結構並未描繪成基團,因為各形式可經由共價鍵連接至環烷基環片段之任何原子,只要維持適當原子價即可:
術語「C3-n雜環烷基」,其中n為大於3之整數,在單獨或與另一基團組合時,表示具有3至n個環原子之環狀非芳族單環、雙環、三環或螺環基團,其中至少一個環原子係選自N、O或S且其中n為環原子之上限。環烴基亦可稠合至苯基環。
雜環烷基上之取代基在適當時可位於環系統中之任何原子上,包括雜原子。
雜環烷基之連結點可經由非芳族環系統中之任何原子,包括(適當時)雜原子(諸如氮原子)且亦包括可作為環系統之一部分存在的任何稠合非芳族碳環片段上之原子。
因此,術語「雜環烷基」包括以下例示性結構,該等結構並未描繪成基團,因為各形式可經由共價鍵連接至任何原子,只要維持適當原子價即可:
本發明化合物可根據熟習此項技術者所熟知的技術製備,例如,如下文及實驗部分中所述或類似於WO2010/034796及WO2010/034797中所述之方法。根據本發明之另一態樣,提供一種製備式I化合物之製程,該製程可例如根據以下流程A至流程C來進行。
流程A
(所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義):
苯二胺X與硫代異氰酸酯XI之間的反應(步驟a)可在熟習此項技術者已知的標準條件下(例如類似於WO2010/034796中所述之製程)在存在諸如乙醚(Et2O)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、乙腈(MeCN)及/或四氫呋喃(THF)之適合溶劑的情況下進行。該反應較佳在存在可增強環化步驟之適合試劑的情況下進行,該試劑例如CH3-I或基於碳化二亞胺之化合物,諸如N,N'-二環己基碳化二亞胺(DCC)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺(EDCI或其鹽,例如鹽酸鹽)或N,N'-二異丙基碳化二亞胺(DIC)。該反應可在0℃至200℃、較佳為室溫與100℃之間的任何適合溫度下進行。步驟a可以逐步反應方式在分離硫脲中間物XIIa及/或XIIb的情況下進行,或以一鍋程序(one-pot procedure)進行。
或者,可根據流程B合成式I化合物。
流程B (所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義,且PG酸為羧酸官能基之保護基):
保護基PG酸為文獻中已知的羧酸保護基,其對於熟習此項技術者為熟知的,例如,如「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第3版,T.W. Greene及P.G.M. Wutz,Wiley-Interscience(1999)中所述,例如C1-5烷基-、烯丙基-或苯甲基-。
步驟a)可如流程A中所述來進行,但當XIII中存在未受保護之羧酸部分時,亦可在存在添加劑(諸如2,2,2-三氟-N,O-雙-(三甲基矽烷基)-乙醯胺)的情況下進行。
步驟b)可在已知皂化條件下進行,例如使用於乙醇(EtOH)、甲醇(MeOH)、DMF、MeCN、THF或二噁烷中之LiOH、NaOH或KOH水溶液,或於MeOH中之Pd/C。
步驟c)中之醯胺形成可使用其他現場活化劑進行,該活化劑如1-丙基膦酸環酐(PPA)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基-四氟硼酸(TBTU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基六氟磷酸(HBTU)、O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基六氟磷酸(HATU)、DCC、EDCI、羰基二咪唑(CDI)、羰基二三唑(CDT)、1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基-二甲胺、乙二醯氯或技術現狀下之其他活化劑。
偶合反應較佳在存在鹼的情況下進行,該鹼諸如NaOH、KOH、NaHCO3、三乙胺(TEA)、N-乙基二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶、N,N-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)或技術現狀下及例如Houben-Weyl,「Methods in Organic Synthesis」,第E22a卷,第425頁及以後各頁中所述之其他適當鹼。偶合反應係在0℃至100℃之任何適合溫度下,在適當溶劑,例如DCM、二噁烷、THF、MeCN、DMF、二甲基乙醯胺(DMA)、N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)或以上所提及之溶劑的混合物中進行。
當PG酸為甲基或乙基時,XIV轉化成I亦可以一鍋程序進行,例如在20℃至80℃下使用於己烷、二噁烷、THF中之三甲基鋁或三乙基鋁。
或者,可根據流程C合成式I化合物。
流程C (所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義,且PG胺基為苯甲胺基之保護基):
XV中之保護基PG胺基為文獻中已知的胺基保護基,其為熟習此項技術者所熟知,例如,如「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第3版,T.W. Greene及P.G.M. Wutz,Wiley-Interscience(1999)中所述,例如第三丁氧基羰基-、苄氧羰基-、乙氧基羰基-、甲氧基羰基-、烯丙氧羰基-或三氟甲基羰基。
步驟a)可如流程1中所述而進行。
步驟d)XVI中之PG胺基可根據熟習此項技術者所熟知且例示於下文中之技術而移除。例如,XVI可使用適當試劑(視保護基而定),諸如三氟乙酸、HCl或H2SO4溶液、KOH、Ba(OH)2、鈀/碳(Pd/C)、三甲基碘矽烷或如「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第3版,T.W. Greene及P.G.M. Wutz,Wiley-Interscience(1999)中所述之其他條件脫除保護基。在0℃至100℃之任何適合溫度下,用於此步驟之適當共溶劑為例如DCM、THF、MeCN、DMF、DMA、NMP或以上所提及之溶劑之混合物。
步驟e)中之醯胺形成可使用酸HO-W-M及其他現場活化劑(如PPA、TBTU、HBTU、HATU、DCC、EDCI、CDI、CTI、1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基-二甲胺、乙二醯氯或技術現狀下之其他活化劑)類似於流程B步驟c進行;或直接使用相應酸氯化物Cl-W-M在無其他現場活化劑之類似條件下進行。
偶合反應較佳在存在鹼的情況下進行,該鹼諸如NaOH、KOH、NaHCO3、TEA、DIPEA、吡啶、DMAP或技術現狀下及例如Houben-Weyl,「Methods in Organic Synthesis」,第E22a卷,第425頁及以後各頁中所述之其他適當鹼。偶合反應係在適當溶劑,例如DCM、二噁烷、THF、MeCN、DMF、DMA、NMP或以上所提及之溶劑之混合物中進行。
基本組分X及XIII(其中A、R 6 至R 8 具有如技術方案1中所定義之定義,且PG酸為如上文所述之文獻中已知的羧酸保護基)之合成可類似於熟習此項技術者所熟知的文獻程序進行,例如,如類似於WO2010/034796及WO2010/034797中所述之方法。
基本組分XI及XV(其中所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義,且PG胺基為苯甲胺基之保護基)之合成係採用熟習此項技術者已知的流程D之標準反應條件,該等條件詳細例示於實驗部分中。
流程D (所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義,且PG胺基為苯甲胺基之保護基):
步驟f)可根據標準文獻程序進行,例如使用諸如1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮、O,O'-二-2-吡啶基硫代碳酸酯、1,1'-硫羰基二咪唑之試劑,或使用於例如DCM、二噁烷或DMF之溶劑中之硫光氣,在0至150℃之溫度下,且視情況添加如DMAP或TEA之鹼。
基本組分XVII及XVIII可根據流程E製備: 流程E (所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義,且PG胺基為苯甲胺基之保護基):
步驟g)中之醯胺形成可類似於步驟c)或步驟e)進行以合成化合物XVII,或藉由使用常用胺基保護試劑,例如二碳酸二第三丁酯、氯甲酸甲酯、氯甲酸乙酯、氯甲酸苯甲酯或氯甲酸烯丙酯,在如「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第3版,T.W. Greene及P.G.M. Wutz,Wiley-Interscience(1999)所述之標準反應條件下進行以合成化合物XVIII。
在步驟h)中,可根據文獻中已知之還原條件,例如經由(較佳在1巴至5巴下)在存在Pd/C或RaNi的情況下於MeOH、EtOH或THF中視情況在存在HCl之酸性條件下氫化,或藉由使用SnCl2/HCl、Na2S2O4、Zn/HCl、Fe/HCl、Fe粉/NH4Cl水溶液,或根據例如R. Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH Verlagsgemeinschaft,Weinheim(1989)之文獻中所述之程序將前驅物XVIIa或XVIIIa中之硝基還原成胺基。在0℃至100℃之任何適合溫度下,用於此步驟之適當溶劑為例如DCM、THF、MeCN、DMF、DMA、NMP、EtOH、MeOH或以上所提及之溶劑之混合物。
基本組分XIX及XX可根據流程F至流程G製備: 流程F (所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義):
步驟i)可經由用如Pd/C、PtO2或RaNi之催化劑在適合溶劑(如MeOH或EtOH)中視情況使用HCl或NH3作為添加劑在0至60℃之溫度下氫化(1巴至5巴)來進行,或經由用含LiAlH4或BH3之試劑在文獻中已知之條件下還原來進行。
步驟j)可在關於步驟e)所述之醯胺偶合條件下且使用NH3作為偶合搭配物來進行,例如於THF中之1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基-二甲胺可用作活化劑。
步驟k)可使用含LiAlH4或BH3之試劑在文獻中已知之條件下進行,例如R.C.Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH,1989,第432至433頁中所彙集之條件,較佳為利用於THF中之LiAlH4,在0至80℃下。
或者,可根據流程G製備化合物XIX及XX。
流程G (所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義):
步驟k)可藉由在0至150℃、較佳為20℃至80℃之溫度下,在濃H2SO4或F3C-SO3H中混合XXIV與試劑XXV來進行。
步驟1)可使用文獻中已知的關於相應氮保護基之脫保護基程序來進行,例如,用肼處理鄰苯二甲醯亞胺,或使用鹼(如於MeOH或EtOH中之NaOH)在20℃至80℃之溫度下或在使用HCl水溶液或HCl二噁烷溶液之酸性條件下在20℃至80℃之溫度下裂解醯胺鍵。
或者,可根據流程H製備化合物XIX及XX。
流程H (所有可變基團均如技術方案1中所定義):
步驟m)可藉由在0至60℃之溫度下在適當溶劑(例如MeCN、DCM、THF)中混合XXX與HO-NH2,視情況使用HCl作為添加劑來進行。
步驟n)可藉由應用文獻中已知的還原條件,例如經由較佳在1巴至5巴H2壓力下、在存在Pd/C或Ra-Ni之情況下、在MeOH、EtOH或THF中視情況使用HCl或HOAc作為催化劑氫化,或藉由使用SnCl2/HCl、Zn/HCl、Fe/HCl、Fe粉/NH4Cl水溶液,或根據例如R. Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH Verlagsgemeinschaft,Weinheim(1989)之文獻中所述之程序來進行。
因此,本發明之另一態樣為一種製備式I化合物之製程,其包含以下步驟:
(1) 使式XIX化合物
其中
R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示鹵基、-C1-3烷基,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;與式Cl-W-M之酸氯化物,其中
W 表示-C(O)-、-C(O)O-,該等基團經由碳原子結合至-NH-部分之氮;
M 表示-C1-6烷基、-C3-7環烷基,該兩個基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-NH(C1-2烷基)、-N(C1-2烷基)2、-OC1-3烷基、-C1-5烷基、-C3-4環烷基之基團取代,在該後3個基團中該等烷基或環烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或氧雜環丁基-、四氫呋喃基-、四氫哌喃基-、氮雜環丁基-、吡咯啶基-、哌啶基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自氟、-CN、-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或苯基-、吡啶基-、噻吩基-、吡咯基-、吡唑基-、咪唑基-、噻唑基-、噁唑基-或異噁唑基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自鹵基、-CN或-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況進一步經一或多個氟原子取代;或與式HO-W-M之酸在以下條件下反應:存在選自1-丙基膦酸環酐(PPA)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基-四氟硼酸(TBTU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基六氟磷酸(HBTU)、O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基六氟磷酸(HATU)、DCC、EDCI、羰基二咪唑(CDI)、羰基二三唑(CDT)、1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基-二甲胺及乙二醯氯之群的現場活化劑;且存在選自NaOH、KOH、NaHCO3、三乙胺(TEA)、N-乙基二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶、N,N-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)之群的鹼;在選自二氯甲烷、二噁烷、THF、MeCN、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺(DMA)、N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)或其混合物之群的溶劑中;在0℃至100℃之溫度下,獲得式XVII化合物:
(2) 使式XVII化合物
與選自1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮、O,O'-二-2-吡啶基硫代碳酸酯、1,1'-硫羰基二咪唑及硫光氣之群的試劑在以下條件下反應:在選自二氯甲烷、二噁烷及DMF之群的溶劑中;在0至150℃之溫度下,且視情況存在較佳為DMAP或TEA之鹼,獲得式XI化合物:
(3) 使式XI化合物
與式XIII化合物在以下條件下反應:
存在選自CH3-I、N,N'-二環己基碳化二亞胺(DCC)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺(EDCI或其鹽酸鹽)及N,N'-二異丙基碳化二亞胺(DIC)之群的試劑;在選自乙醚(Et2O)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、乙腈(MeCN)及四氫呋喃(THF)之群的溶劑中;較佳在0℃與100℃之間的溫度下。
一種用於製備式I化合物之替代性製程包含以下步驟:(1) 使式XX化合物:
其中
R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示鹵基、-C1-3烷基,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;與式Cl-W-M之酸氯化物其中
W 表示-C(O)-、-C(O)O-,該等基團經由碳原子結合至-NH-部分之氮;
M 表示-C1-6烷基、-C3-7環烷基,該兩個基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-NH(C1-2烷基)、-N(C1-2烷基)2、-OC1-3烷基、-C1-5烷基、-C3-4環烷基之基團取代,在該後3個基團中該等烷基或環烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或氧雜環丁基-、四氫呋喃基-、四氫哌喃基-、氮雜環丁基-、吡咯啶基-、哌啶基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自氟、-CN、-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或苯基-、吡啶基-、噻吩基-、吡咯基-、吡唑基-、咪唑基-、噻唑基-、噁唑基-或異噁唑基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自鹵基、-CN或-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況進一步經一或多個氟原子取代;或與式HO-W-M之酸,在以下條件下反應:存在選自1-丙基膦酸環酐(PPA)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基-四氟硼酸(TBTU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基六氟磷酸(HBTU)、O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基六氟磷酸(HATU)、DCC、EDCI、羰基二咪唑(CDI)、羰基二三唑(CDT)、1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基-二甲胺及乙二醯氯之群的現場活化劑;且存在選自NaOH、KOH、NaHCO3、三乙胺(TEA)、N-乙基二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶、N,N-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)之群的鹼;在選自二氯甲烷、二噁烷、THF、MeCN、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺(DMA)、N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)或其混合物之群的溶劑中;在0℃至100℃之溫度下,獲得式XVIIa化合物:
(2) 如下將式XVIIa化合物轉化成式XVII化合物:
在存在於MeOH、EtOH或THF中之Pd/C或RaNi的情況下,視情況在存在HCl之酸性條件下進行催化氫化(較佳在1巴至5巴下);或在選自DCM、THF、MeCN、DMF、DMA、NMP、EtOH、MeOH或其混合物之群的溶劑中,在0℃至100℃之溫度下,用選自SnCl2/HCl、Na2S2O4、Zn/HCl、Fe/HCl、Fe粉/NH4Cl水溶液之群的試劑還原;
(3) 使式XVII化合物
與選自1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮、O,O'-二-2-吡啶基硫代碳酸酯、1,1'-硫羰基二咪唑及硫光氣之群的試劑在以下條件下反應:在選自二氯甲烷、二噁烷及DMF之群的溶劑中;在0至150℃之溫度下,且視情況存在較佳為DMAP或TEA之鹼,獲得式XI化合物:
(4) 使式XI化合物
與式XIII化合物在以下條件下反應:
存在選自CH3-I、N,N'-二環己基碳化二亞胺(DCC)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺(EDCI或其鹽酸鹽)及N,N'-二異丙基碳化二亞胺(DIC)之群的試劑;在選自乙醚(Et2O)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、乙腈(MeCN)及四氫呋喃(THF)之群的溶劑中;較佳在0℃與100℃之間的溫度下。
本發明之另一態樣為式XI、式XVII、式XIX及式XX之中間物:
其中
R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示鹵基、-C1-3烷基,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;
W 表示-C(O)-、-C(O)O-,該等基團經由碳原子結合至-NH-部分之氮;
M 表示-C1-6烷基、-C3-7環烷基,該兩個基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-NH(C1-2烷基)、-N(C1-2烷基)2、-OC1-3烷基、-C1-5烷基、-C3-4環烷基之基團取代,在該後3個基團中該等烷基或環烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或氧雜環丁基-、四氫呋喃基-、四氫哌喃基-、氮雜環丁基-、吡咯啶基-、哌啶基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自氟、-CN、-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況經一或多個氟原子取代;或苯基-、吡啶基-、噻吩基-、吡咯基-、吡唑基-、咪唑基-、噻唑基-、噁唑基-或異噁唑基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自鹵基、-CN或-C1-3烷基之取代基取代,該後一個烷基視情況進一步經一或多個氟原子取代。
第二實施例包含式XIb、式XIc、式XVIIb、式XVIIc、式XIX及式XX之化合物作為較佳中間物:
其中
R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示-氯、氟或-CH3;
M 表示甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、環丙基、-CH2-環丙基、環丁基、環戊基,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-OCH3、-CH3、-CF3之基團取代;或係選自以下基團:
所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3或-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-Cl、-CH3或-CF3之取代基取代。
另一實施例包含式XIb、式XIc、式XVIIb、式XVIIc、式XIX及式XX之化合物作為更佳中間物,亦即
可如下文所述,自表現重組人類mPGES-1之Rosetta大腸桿菌製得微粒體:用來自冷凍培養物之細菌接種至含胺苄青黴素(Amp)(50 μg/ml)及氯黴素(Chloro)(34 μg/ml)之5 ml LB。在37℃下,在200 rpm下培育8小時。此後,用5 ml培養物接種至500 ml至1000 ml含有Amp及Chloro之LB,並生長至OD640為0.8至1.0。用於進行誘導之前,培養物係低溫保存在+4℃下。用IPTG誘導培養物,最終濃度為400 μM。在室溫18℃至23℃下表現蛋白質,在200 rpm下振盪隔夜。
第二天可進行以下步驟:
1.在250 ml離心燒瓶中在7000 rpm下將細胞短暫離心15分鐘(Beckmann Coulte Avanti J-E離心機);
2.將來自250 ml培養物之細胞結粒溶解於12.5 ml均質化緩衝液中;
3.(15 mM Tris-HCL pH 8,1 mM EDTA pH 8,0.25 mM蔗糖、2.5 mM GSH,每50 ml緩衝液1錠蛋白酶抑制劑);
4.藉由以750 W超音波儀在48%振幅下音波處理5×10秒使細胞崩解;
5.添加2.5 ml MgCl2(100 mM)及DNase(12.5 μl,0.8 mg/ml)並在冰上培育30分鐘;
6.在7000 rpm下將細菌碎片短暫離心15分鐘並儲存上清液;
7.藉由在4℃下在120000×g下超速離心(Sorvall T880離心機)2小時,分離上清液中含蛋白質之膜;
8.棄去上清液,並藉由音波處理(5×10秒,30% 50 W超音波儀)將細胞結粒溶解於20 mM磷酸鉀緩衝液pH 7.4(KH2PO4及K2HPO4)緩衝液中,且將酶等分並將等分試樣儲存於-80℃下。
在進行各實驗之前,將酶之等分試樣解凍,接著可將其溶解於含2.5 mM GSH之0.1 M磷酸鉀緩衝液pH 7.4(KH2PO4及K2HPO4)緩衝液中。
此檢測法之目標在於確定測試化合物對mPGES-1酶之親和力。
在室溫下,將47 μl於含GSH之緩衝液(2.5 mmol/L還原型L-麩胱甘肽,溶解於0.1 mol/L磷酸鹽緩衝液pH 7.4中)中之含重組人類mPGES-1(約0.5 μg蛋白質/孔)之微粒體懸浮液分配在384孔培養板中,此後添加1 μl測試化合物並培育25分鐘。藉由添加2 μl溶於無水之二乙二醇二甲醚中之PGH2(最終濃度為2 μM)開始酶反應。60秒後,藉由添加含FeCl2之停止溶液(10 μL,0.074 mol/l FeCl2)來終止反應。以1:25將樣品稀釋於PBS(磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水)中。將10 μl經稀釋之樣品轉移至384孔低容量培養板中。為了定量PGE2之形成量,使用購自Cisbio之市售套組,根據製造商建議,對PGE2進行均質時間分辨螢光(HTRF)偵測法。此基於HTRF之檢測法已有詳細描述(參看:Goedken等人,J Biomol Screen,2008,13(7),619-625)。簡言之,將經稀釋之樣品與5 μl PGE2-d2結合物及5 μl抗PGE2穴狀化合物結合物混合。將培養板培育隔夜之時段後,利用適當微定量盤式讀取器量測螢光。
量測銪穴狀化合物之螢光(maxex=307 nm,maxem=620 nm)及d2-PGE2之螢光(maxex=620 nm,maxem=665 nm)。
在320 nm之激發脈衝下,測定665 nm處之發射強度相對於620 nm處之發射強度的比率,作為HTRF比值程度。定量板亦含有具有不同濃度PGE2的孔,作為校準曲線,供根據HTRF比值來計算PGE2濃度。
自所有mPGES酶檢測法減去背景值,並利用習知軟體,經由非線性回歸計算IC50。
表A.化合物在酶檢測法中之mPGES-1抑制效應(IC50值,nM)
雖然該酶檢測法為高產量檢測法,但缺點為其使用非處於自然環境中之重組蛋白質。因此進行細胞檢測法,其中使用表現mPGES-1蛋白質之人類起源之細胞株(A549)。此外,為模擬人類中之情形(其中化合物可結合至血漿蛋白),在檢測法中添加50%人類血清。藉由組合細胞環境中之測試mPGES-1與存在之50%人類血清,此檢測法在判斷mPGES-抑制劑之治療潛力上以純酶檢測法具有更高相關性。
在37℃及5% CO2下,在潮濕培育箱中使A549細胞(ATCC:CCL-185)在含10% FBS之F-12K營養混合物(Kaighn's Mod. Gibco)中生長至約90%匯合。使用胰蛋白酶-EDTA分離細胞。以7000個細胞/孔之密度將A549細胞接種於384孔膠原蛋白培養板中(50 μl)含1%青黴素-鏈黴素及50%人類血清之F-12培養基中。使細胞附著3至4小時。此後,在補充有50%人類血清、1%青黴素-鏈黴素且含有IL-1β(最終濃度為5 ng/ml)以及10 nM花生四烯酸之F-12k培養基中在存在媒劑或測試化合物的情況下培育細胞20至24小時。總體積為100 μl。
使用購自Cisbio之市售HTRF套組(如上文所述)量測無細胞培養基(10 μl)中之PGE2濃度。將不存在測試化合物時之PGE2形成視為100%。
使用習知軟體,由6至8個點之效價推算出IC50值。
表B中所列出之化合物可有效阻止PGE2產生。因此,可預期式I化合物具有治療發炎性疾病及相關病狀(諸如發炎性/感受傷害性疼痛)的治療潛力。
表B.化合物在細胞檢測法中之mPGES-1抑制效應(IC50值,nM)
表C.比較所選苯并咪唑之酶IC50(nM)及細胞IC50(nM)
表A、表B及表C表明,如在酶檢測法中所量測,具有類似於mPGES-1酶之親和力的化合物可在基於細胞之檢測法中具有不同效能。
與來自酶檢測法之資料相比,來自基於細胞之藥理學檢測法的資料被認為慮及較佳可預測性及治療有效濃度/劑量估計值。本發明化合物在兩種檢測法中均顯示高效能。因此,其可能更適合活體內使用。
本發明係關於式I化合物,其適用於預防及/或治療對前列腺素E合成酶、尤其微粒體前列腺素E2合成酶-1(mPGES-1)之抑制將具有治療效益的疾病及/或病狀,包括(但不限於)治療及/或預防發炎性疾病及/或相關病狀。
術語「炎症」應理解為包括任何發炎性疾病、病症或病狀本身、具有相關之發炎性組分之任何病狀及/或特徵在於炎症症狀之任何病狀,尤其包括急性、慢性、潰瘍性、特異性、過敏性及壞死性炎症,及熟習此項技術者已知的其他炎症形式。因此,出於本發明之目的,該術語亦包括發炎性疼痛、一般性疼痛及/或發燒。
若病狀具有相關之發炎性組分或病狀之特徵在於炎症症狀,則熟習此項技術者應瞭解本發明化合物可適用於治療發炎性症狀及/或與該病狀相關之炎症。
本發明化合物亦可具有與發炎機制無關之效應,諸如減少個體之骨質流失。該等病狀包括骨質疏鬆症、骨關節炎、佩吉特氏病(Paget's disease)及/或牙周疾病。
本發明之另一態樣係關於式I化合物,其係作為藥物。
本發明之另一態樣為式I化合物之用途,其係用於治療及/或預防對mPGES-1之抑制具有治療效益的疾病及/或病狀。
本發明之另一態樣為式I化合物之用途,其係用於治療及/或預防發炎性疾病及/或相關病狀。
本發明亦係關於式I化合物之用途,其係用於治療及/或預防以下疾病及病狀:
1.風濕性疾病或自體免疫疾病或肌肉骨骼疾病:風濕性疾病之所有形式,包括例如軟組織風濕病、類風濕性關節炎、風濕性多肌痛、反應性關節炎、腱鞘炎、痛風或代謝性關節炎、滑囊炎、肌腱炎、青少年關節炎、脊椎關節病,例如脊椎炎、僵直性脊椎炎、牛皮癬性關節病;類肉瘤病、肌肉纖維疼痛、肌炎、多發性肌炎、骨關節炎、創傷性關節炎、任何起源之膠原性疾病(collagenoses),例如全身性紅斑狼瘡、硬皮病、皮膚肌炎、史迪爾氏病(Still's Disease)、修格連氏症候群(Sjgren syndrome)、費爾蒂氏症候群(Felty syndrome);風濕熱及風濕性心臟病、血管疾病,如血管炎、多發性結節性關節炎、白塞氏症候群(Behcet's syndrome)、巨細胞關節炎、韋格納氏肉芽腫病(Wegener's granulomatosis)、亨偌-絲奇恩賴紫癜(Henoch-Schnlein purpura);牛皮癬性關節炎、真菌性關節炎,詳言之包括與任何上述病狀相關之疼痛;
2.頭痛,諸如先兆性及無先兆性偏頭痛、緊張型頭痛、叢集性頭痛及不同起源之頭痛;
3.交感神經維持性疼痛,如I型及II型複雜區域疼痛症候群;
4.神經痛,諸如下背痛、髖部疼痛、腿部疼痛、非疱疹性神經痛、疱疹後神經痛、糖尿病性神經病變、神經損傷誘導之疼痛、後天性免疫缺乏症候群(AIDS)相關神經痛、頭部創傷、毒素及化療導致之神經損傷、幻肢痛、多發性硬化症、根部撕脫、疼痛性創傷性單神經病變、疼痛性多發性神經病變、丘腦性疼痛症候群、中風後疼痛、中樞神經系統損傷、手術後疼痛、腕隧道症候群、三叉神經痛、乳房切除術後症候群、開胸術後症候群、殘端痛、反覆性運動痛、神經痛相關之痛覺過敏及異常疼痛、酒精中毒及其他藥物誘導之疼痛;
5.腫瘤誘導之癌痛或與腫瘤相關之癌痛,該等腫瘤諸如骨腫瘤、淋巴細胞性白血病、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkin's disease)、惡性淋巴瘤、淋巴肉芽腫病、淋巴肉瘤、實體惡性腫瘤、大範圍轉移;
6.內臟病症,諸如慢性骨盆疼痛、胰臟炎、消化性潰瘍、間質性膀胱炎、膀胱炎、腎絞痛、絞痛症、痛經、月經、婦科疼痛、腸激躁病(IBS)、發炎性腸病、克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)及潰瘍性結腸炎、腎炎、前列腺炎、外陰疼痛、非潰瘍性消化不良、非心臟胸痛、心肌缺血;
7.耳、鼻、口及咽喉之炎症相關疾病,如流行性感冒及病毒性/細菌性感染,諸如普通感冒、過敏性鼻炎(季節性及常年性)、咽炎、扁桃腺炎、齒齦炎、喉炎、竇炎及血管舒縮性鼻炎、發燒、枯草熱、甲狀腺炎、耳炎、牙科病狀(如牙痛)、圍手術期及手術後病狀、三叉神經痛、葡萄膜炎、虹膜炎、過敏性角膜炎、結膜炎、瞼炎、視神經炎(neuritis nervi optici)、脈絡膜炎、青光眼及交感神經性眼炎以及其疼痛;
8.神經學疾病,諸如腦水腫及血管性水腫、大腦癡呆症,例如帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)及阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimers disease)、老年癡呆;多發性硬化症、癲癇症、抗藥性癲癇症、中風、重症肌無力、腦及腦膜感染(如腦脊髓炎、腦膜炎,包括HIV)以及精神分裂症、妄想症、自閉症、情感障礙及抽搐症;
9.工作相關之疾病,如肺塵症,包括礬土肺、煤肺、石棉肺、石末肺、駝鳥毛塵肺、高鐵血、矽肺、菸草中毒及棉屑肺;
10.肺病,諸如哮喘,包括過敏性哮喘(特應性或非特應性)以及運動誘導之支氣管收縮、職業性哮喘、病毒性或細菌性哮喘惡化、其他非過敏性哮喘及「嬰兒喘息性症候群」、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD),包括肺氣腫、成人呼吸窘迫症候群、支氣管炎、肺炎、成人呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)、飼鴿病(pigeon fancier's disease)、農夫肺(farmers lung);
11.皮膚病,諸如牛皮癬及濕疹、皮炎、曬傷、灼傷以及扭傷與拉傷(aprains and strains)及組織創傷;
12.炎症相關之血管及心臟疾病,如動脈粥樣硬化,包括心臟移植動脈粥樣硬化、結節性全動脈炎、結節性動脈周圍炎、臨時性動脈炎、韋格納氏肉芽腫病、巨細胞關節炎、再灌注損傷及結節性紅斑、血栓形成(例如深靜脈血栓形成、腎臟、肝臟、門靜脈血栓形成);冠狀動脈疾病、動脈瘤、血管排斥反應、心肌梗塞、栓塞、中風、血栓形成(包括靜脈血栓形成)、絞痛症(包括不穩定性絞痛症)、冠狀動脈斑塊樣炎症、細菌誘導之炎症(包括披衣菌誘導之炎症)、病毒誘導之炎症及與手術程序(諸如血管移植,包括冠狀動脈繞通手術、再血管化程序(包括血管成形術)、支架置入術、動脈內膜切除術或其他涉及動脈、靜脈及毛細管之侵襲性程序)相關之炎症、動脈再狹窄;
13.糖尿病相關症狀,諸如糖尿病性血管病變、糖尿病性神經病變、糖尿病性視網膜病變、毛細管後阻力或與胰島炎相關之糖尿病症狀(例如高血糖症、多尿、蛋白尿,及亞硝酸鹽及胰激肽釋放酶排尿量增加);
14.良性及惡性腫瘤及贅瘤形成,包括癌症,諸如結腸直腸癌、腦癌、骨癌、源自上皮細胞之贅瘤形成(上皮癌),諸如基底細胞癌、腺癌、胃腸癌,諸如唇癌、口腔癌、食道癌、小腸癌、胃癌、結腸癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、胰臟癌、卵巢癌、子宮頸癌、肺癌、乳癌、皮膚癌,諸如鱗狀細胞癌及基底細胞癌、前列腺癌、腎細胞癌,及其他影響全身上皮細胞之已知癌症;贅瘤形成,如胃腸癌、巴瑞特氏食道癌(Barrett's esophagus)、肝癌、膀胱癌、胰臟癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、子宮頸癌、肺癌、乳癌及皮膚癌;腺瘤性息肉,包括家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)以及防止處於FAP風險中之患者體內形成息肉。
15.各種其他疾病病況及病狀,如癲癇症、敗血性休克(例如抗低血容劑及/或抗低血壓劑)、敗血症、骨質疏鬆症、良性前列腺肥大及尿頻、腎炎、搔癢症、白斑症、呼吸道、泌尿生殖器、胃腸或血管區域處之內臟蠕動紊亂、傷口、過敏性皮膚反應、混合型血管及非血管症候群、與細菌感染或創傷相關之敗血性休克、中樞神經系統損傷、組織損傷及手術後發燒、與瘙癢相關之症候群。
根據本發明,較佳為式I化合物之用途,其係用於治療及/或預防疼痛;詳言之與上文所列之任一疾病或病狀相關的疼痛。
本發明之另一態樣為一種治療及/或預防上文所提及的疾病及病狀之方法,該方法包含投與人類有效量之式I化合物。
式I化合物每天可應用之劑量範圍通常為0.01 mg至5000 mg,較佳為1 mg至2000 mg,更佳為5 mg至500 mg,最佳為10 mg至250 mg。各劑量單位宜含有2 mg至500 mg,較佳為5 mg至250 mg。
實際醫藥學有效量或治療劑量顯然將取決於熟習此項技術者已知的因素,諸如患者之年齡及體重、投藥途徑及疾病嚴重程度。在任何情況下,均將以允許根據患者之獨特病狀遞送醫藥學有效量之劑量及方式投與該組合。
用於投與式化合物之適合製劑對於一般技術者應為顯而易見的,且包括例如錠劑、丸劑、膠囊、栓劑、口含錠、糖衣錠、溶液、糖漿、酏劑、藥囊、注射劑、吸入劑及散劑等。醫藥學活性化合物之含量應在整個組合物之1重量%至99重量%、較佳10重量%至90重量%、更佳20重量%至70重量%之範圍內。
適合錠劑可例如藉由混合一或多種式I化合物與已知賦形劑,例如惰性稀釋劑、載劑、崩解劑、佐劑、界面活性劑、黏合劑及/或潤滑劑而獲得。錠劑亦可由若干層組成。本發明之另一態樣為一種醫藥調配物,其包括式I化合物與醫藥學上可接受之佐劑、稀釋劑或載劑混合。
本發明化合物可與此項技術中關於治療任何適應症所使用之其他已知治療選擇組合,本發明係聚焦於該治療。
在被視為適合與本發明治療組合的該等治療選擇中有:
-非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID),包括COX-2抑制劑;
-鴉片劑受體促效劑;
-類大麻酚促效劑、或內源性類大麻酚路徑抑制劑;
-鈉通道阻斷劑;
-N型鈣通道阻斷劑;
-血清素激導性調節劑及去甲腎上腺素激導性調節劑;
-皮質類固醇;
-組織胺H1受體拮抗劑;
-組織胺H2受體拮抗劑;
-質子泵抑制劑;
-白三烯拮抗劑及5-脂肪加氧酶抑制劑;
-局部麻醉劑;
-VR1促效劑及拮抗劑;
-菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體促效劑;
-P2X3受體拮抗劑;
-NGF促效劑及拮抗劑或抗NGF抗體;
-NK1及NK2拮抗劑;
-緩激肽B1拮抗劑;
-CCR2拮抗劑;
-iNOS或nNOS或eNOS抑制劑;
-NMDA拮抗劑;
-鉀通道調節劑;
-GABA調節劑;
-血清素激導性調節劑及去甲腎上腺素激導性調節劑;
-抗偏頭痛藥物;
-神經痛藥物,諸如普瑞巴林(pregabaline)或度洛西汀(duloxetine)。
該清單不應被視為具有限制特徵。
在下文中,將提供該等治療選擇之代表性實例。
‧ 非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID),包括COX-2抑制劑;丙酸衍生物(阿明洛芬(alminoprofen)、苯噁洛芬(benoxaprofen)、布氯酸(bucloxic acid)、卡洛芬(carprofen)、芬護芬(fenhufen)、非諾洛芬(fenoprofen)、氟比洛芬(flubiprofen)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、吲哚洛芬(indoprofen)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、咪洛芬(miroprofen)、萘普生(naproxen)、噁丙嗪(oxaprozin)、吡洛芬(pirprofen)、普拉洛芬(pranoprofen)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、噻洛芬酸(tiaprofenic acid)及硫噁洛芬(tioxaprofen))、乙酸衍生物(吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、阿西美辛(acemetacin)、阿氯芬酸(alclofenac)、環氯茚酸(clidanac)、雙氯芬酸(diclofenac)、芬氯酸(fenclofenac)、芬克洛酸(fenclozic acid)、芬替酸(fentiazac)、呋羅芬酸(furofenac)、異丁芬酸(ibufenac)、伊索克酸(isoxepac)、奧昔平酸(oxpinac)、舒林酸(sulindac)、硫平酸(tiopinac)、托美丁(tolmetin)、齊多美辛(zidometacin)及佐美酸(zomepirac))、芬那酸衍生物(甲氯芬那酸(meclofenamic acid)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)及托芬那酸(tolfenamic acid))、聯苯-羧酸衍生物、昔康(oxicams)(伊索昔康(isoxicam)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、舒多昔康(sudoxicam)及替諾昔康(tenoxican))、水楊酸鹽(乙醯水楊酸、柳氮磺啶(sulfasalazine))及吡唑啉酮(阿紮丙宗(apazone)、苯齊派隆(bezpiperylon)、非普拉宗(feprazone)、莫非布宗(mofebutazone)、羥保布宗(oxyphenbutazone)、苯基丁氮酮)及昔布(塞內昔布(celecoxib)、伐地昔布(valecoxib)、羅非昔布(rofecoxib)及依他昔布(etoricoxib))及其類似物;
‧ 抗病毒藥,如阿昔洛韋(acyclovir)、替諾洛韋(tenovir)、普可那利(pleconaril)、帕拉米韋(peramivir)、甘蔗原素(pocosanol)及其類似物;
‧ 抗生素藥物,如慶大黴素(gentamicin)、鏈黴素(streptomycin)、格爾德黴素(geldanamycin)、多利平(doripenem)、頭孢胺苄(cephalexin)、頭孢克洛(cefaclor)、頭孢特辛(ceftazichine)、頭孢吡肟(cefepime)、紅黴素(erythromycin)、萬古黴素(vancomycin)、胺曲南(aztreonam)、安莫西林(amoxicillin)、桿菌肽(bacitracin)、依諾沙星(enoxacin)、磺胺米隆(mafenide)、多西環素(doxycycline)、氯黴素(chloramphenicol)及其類似物;
‧ 鴉片劑受體促效劑:嗎啡鹼(morphine)、丙氧吩(propoxyphene)(Darvon)、特拉嗎竇(tramadol)、丁基原啡因(buprenorphin)及其類似物;
‧ 糖皮類固醇,諸如貝塞米松(bethamethasone)、布地奈德(budesonide)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、氫化可體松(hydrocortisone)、甲潑尼龍(methylprednisolone)、氫化潑尼松(prednisolone)、潑尼松(prednisone)、曲安西龍(triamcinolone)及地夫可特(deflazacort);免疫抑制劑、免疫調節劑或細胞生長抑制藥,包括(但不限於)羥氯喹(hydroxychlorquine)、D-青黴胺、柳氮磺吡啶(sulfasalizine)、金諾芬(auranofin)、金巰嘌呤、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、西羅莫司(sirolimus)、黴酚酸嗎啉乙酯(mycophenolate mofetil)、環孢素(cyclosporine)、來氟米特(leflunomide)、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、環磷醯胺及乙酸格拉默(glatiramer acetate)及諾凡特龍(novantrone)、芬戈莫德(fingolimod)(FTY720)、米諾環素(minocycline)及沙立度胺(thalidomide)及其類似物;
‧ 抗TNF抗體或TNF受體拮抗劑,諸如(但不限於)依那西普(Etanercept)、英利昔單抗(Infliximab)、阿達木單抗(Adalimumab)(D2E7)、CDP 571及Ro 45-2081(來那西普(Lenercept)),或針對諸如(但不限於)CD-4、CTLA-4、LFA-1、IL-6、ICAM-1、C5之標靶的生物藥劑及那他珠單抗(Natalizumab)及其類似物;
‧ IL-1受體拮抗劑,諸如(但不限於)阿那白滯素(Kineret);
‧ 鈉通道阻斷劑:卡馬西平(carbamazepine)、美西律(mexiletine)、拉莫三嗪(lamotrigine)、特丁質(tectin)、拉庫醯胺(lacosamide)及其類似物;
‧ N型鈣通道阻斷劑:齊考諾肽(Ziconotide)及其類似物;
‧ 血清素激導性調節劑及去甲腎上腺素激導性調節劑:帕羅西汀(paroxetine)、度洛西汀(duloxetine)、可樂寧(clonidine)、阿米曲替林(amitriptyline)、西它普蘭(citalopram);
‧ 組織胺H1受體拮抗劑:溴苯那敏(bromophtniramint)、氯芬尼拉明(chlorpheniramine)、右氯苯那敏(dexchlorpheniramine)、曲普利啶(triprolidine)、氯馬斯汀(clemastine)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、二苯拉林(diphenylpyraline)、曲吡那明(tripelennamine)、羥嗪(hydroxyzine)、甲地嗪(methdiJazine)、異丙嗪(promethazine)、異丁嗪(trimeprazine)、阿紮他啶(azatadine)、賽庚啶(cyproheptadine)、安他唑啉(antazoline)、非尼拉敏吡拉明(pheniraminepyrilamine)、阿司咪唑(astemizole)、特非那定(terfenadine)、洛拉他定(loratadine)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、脫羧洛拉他定(desloratadine)、菲索特芬那定(fexofenadine)及左西替利嗪(levocetirizine)及其類似物;
‧ 組織胺H2受體拮抗劑:西咪替丁(cimetidine)、法莫替丁(famotidine)及雷尼替丁(ranitidine)及其類似物;
‧ 質子泵抑制劑:奧美拉唑(omeprazole)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)及埃索美拉唑(esomeprazole)及其類似物;
‧ 白三烯拮抗劑及5-脂肪加氧酶抑制劑:紮魯司特(zafirlukast)、孟魯司特(montelukast)、普魯司特(pranlukast)及齊留通(zileuton)及其類似物;
‧ 局部麻醉劑,諸如胺溴素(ambroxol)、利多卡因(lidocaine)及其類似物;
‧ 鉀通道調節劑:如瑞替加濱(retigabine);
‧ GABA調節劑:拉庫醯胺、普瑞巴林(pregabalin)、加巴噴丁(gabapentin)及其類似物;
‧ 抗偏頭痛藥物:舒馬普坦(sumatriptan)、佐米曲坦(zolmitriptan)、那拉曲坦(naratriptan)、依來曲普坦(eletriptan)、泰爾戈潘(telcegepant)及其類似物;
‧ NGF抗體,諸如RI-724及其類似物。
組合療法亦可利用新穎疼痛治療原理,例如P2X3拮抗劑、VR1拮抗劑、NK1及NK2拮抗劑、NMDA拮抗劑、mGluR拮抗劑及其類似物。
化合物之組合較佳為協同組合。例如,如Chou及Talalay,Adv. Enzyme Regul. 22:27-55(1984)所述,當組合投藥時化合物之效應大於以單一藥劑形式單獨投藥時化合物之加和效應時,存在協同作用。一般而言,在化合物之次最佳濃度下最明顯地顯示協同效應。協同作用可表現為與個別組分相比,組合之細胞毒性較低、藥理學效應增加或一些其他有利效應。
除非另外說明,否則可當場及/或單獨製備下文所述實例化合物之一或多種互變異構形式。應認為將揭示下文所述實例化合物之所有互變異構形式。
藉由以下實例說明本發明,其中可採用以下縮寫:
縮寫:
AcOH 乙酸
aq 水溶液
BSTFA N,O-雙(三甲基矽烷基)三氟乙醯胺
Boc 第三丁氧基羰基
Boc2O 二碳酸二第三丁酯
CDT 羰基二三唑
CE 層析設備
CH 環己烷
conc 濃
DCM 二氯甲烷
DIC N,N-二異丙基碳化二亞胺
DIPEA N-乙基二異丙胺
DMAP N,N-二甲胺基吡啶
DMSO 二甲亞碸
DMF N,N-二甲基甲醯胺
EDC 1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
Et2O 乙醚
EtOH 乙醇
HBTU O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基六氟磷酸
HPLC 高效液相層析
i-PrOH 異丙醇
KHMDS 六甲基二矽氮烷鉀
MeCN 乙腈
MeOH 甲醇
MS 質譜分析
MTBE 甲基第三丁醚
PE 石油醚
PPA 1-丙基膦酸環酐
Pd/C 10%鈀/碳
RP 逆相
rt 室溫
Rf 滯留因子
Rt 滯留時間
sat 飽和
TBTU O-(苯并三唑-1-基1)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基四氟硼酸
TCDI 硫羰基二咪唑
TEA 三乙胺
THF 四氫呋喃
TFA 三氟乙酸
TLC 薄層層析
以下實例中所說明之所有化合物均產生與理論同位素模式相匹配之正確質譜。由於實際原因,僅提供一個主要同位素峰作為質譜之代表性資料。
藉由使用以下tlc板獲得TLC資料:
a)矽膠板60 F254,Merck編號1.05714.0001,在實驗部分中縮寫為「矽膠」;
b)逆相板:RP-8 F 254s,Merck編號:1.15684.0001,在實驗部分中縮寫為「RP-8」;
c)氧化鋁板60 F254 Merck 1.05713.0001,在實驗部分中縮寫為「Alox」。
所提供之Rf值係在不存在腔室飽和的情況下測定。
急驟層析純化係使用購自Millipore(MATREX TM ,35 bis 70 μm)之矽膠或Alox(E. Merck,Darmstadt,標準Aluminiumoxid 90,63 bis 200 μm,Artikel編號:1.01097.9050)進行。
HPLC/MS資料(若說明)係在以下條件下獲得:
CE 1:具有二元泵之Agilent HP 1200,Agilent MS 6140,HiPALS1367C
在190 nm至400 nm之波長範圍內量測二極體陣列偵測值。
質譜偵測範圍:m/z 100至m/z 1000。
CE 2:Waters SQD MS,Acquity UPLC。
在210 nm至500 nm之波長範圍內量測二極體陣列偵測值。
質譜偵測範圍:m/z 120至m/z 820。
CE 3:Agilent LC/MSD SL 61956B;Agilent 1100;四元泵;在190 nm至400 nm之波長範圍內量測二極體陣列偵測值。
質譜偵測範圍:m/z 100至m/z 1000。
CE 4:具有二元泵之Agilent HP100,Waters ZQ2000,在210 nm至500 nm之波長內量測二極體陣列偵測值。
質譜偵測範圍:m/z 120至m/z 820。
CE 5:Acquity UPLC,Waters SQD MS,在210 nm至500 nm之波長內量測二極體陣列偵測值。
質譜偵測範圍:m/z 120至m/z 820。
使用以下方法:(若未另外陳述,則柱溫為25℃):
方法A(CE 2):
固定相(柱溫:恆定在60℃):Sunfire C18,2.5 μm,2.1×50 mm
移動相:E1:水+0.1% HCOOH,E2:MeCN+0.1% HCOOH
溶離劑梯度:
方法B(CE 1):
固定相:Zorbax Stable Bond C18,1.8 μm,3.0×30 mm
移動相:E1:水+0.15% HCOOH,E2:MeCN
溶離劑梯度:
方法C(CE 1):
固定相:如方法B中所述。
溶離劑梯度:
方法D(CE4):
固定相(柱溫:恆定在40℃):XBridge C18,3.5 μm,4.6×50 mm
移動相:E1:水+0.032% NH4OH,E2:MeOH
溶離劑梯度:
方法E(CE 1):
固定相(柱溫:恆定在40℃):Waters XBridge C18,2.5 μm,3.0×30 mm
移動相:E1:水+0.15% HCOOH,E2:MeCN
溶離劑梯度:
方法F(CE 3):
固定相(柱溫:恆定在40℃):Zorbax Stable bond C18,5 μm,30×100 mm;移動相:E1:水+0.15% HCOOH,E2:MeCN
溶離劑梯度:
方法G(CE 3):
固定相:Zorbax Stable Bond C18,3.5 μm,4.6×75 mm
移動相:E1:水+0.15% HCOOH,E2:MeCN
溶離劑梯度:
方法H(CE 5)
固定相(柱溫:恆定在60℃):XBridge C18,1.7 μm,2.1×50 mm
移動相:E1:水+0.1% NH4OH,E2:MeCN
溶離劑梯度:
方法I(CE4):
固定相(柱溫:恆定在60℃):Sunfire C18,3.5 μm,4.6×50 mm
移動相:E1:水+0.1% TFA,E2:MeCN+0.1% TFA
溶離劑梯度:
合成2,3,4-三取代之苯甲胺類型基本組分:
將水(110 mL)添加至於吡啶(30 mL)中之N-(2,6-二氯-3-甲基-苯基)-乙醯胺(13 g,59 mmol)中。將混合物加熱至70℃,並小心地逐份添加KMnO4(47 g,298 mmol)。回流6小時後,反應混合物經由矽藻土襯墊過濾並用熱水洗滌。將濾液冷卻至室溫,濃縮並用6 M HCl水溶液緩慢酸化。在冰浴中冷卻混合物,過濾並且用冷水洗滌濾餅並乾燥,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:11.6 g(78%)。Rf=0.1(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 9:1)。MS m/z: 248[M+H]+。
在回流下,於6 M HCl水溶液(120 mL)及乙酸(250 mL)中攪拌3-乙醯胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲酸(21.0 g,84.6 mmol)24小時。冷卻反應混合物,濃縮,用水稀釋並再次濃縮。用水稀釋殘餘物,在冷卻下攪拌並過濾。洗滌濾餅並乾燥,獲得副標題化合物,
產量:16.8 g(96%)。MS m/Z: 204[M-H]-。HPLC-方法C:Rt=1.46 min。
將(1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基)-二甲基-胺(16.1 mL,116 mmol)添加至於THF(320 mL)中之3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲酸(20.0 g,97.1 mmol)中。在室溫下4小時後,將該混合物逐滴添加至濃NH3(320 mL)中並在室溫下攪拌隔夜。濃縮反應混合物,冷卻並過濾。乾燥濾餅,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:17.4 g(87%)。MS m/z: 205[M+H]+。HPLC-方法C:Rt=1.19 min。
將於THF(45 mL)中之3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲醯胺(2.00 g,9.8 mmol)逐滴添加至於THF(45 mL)中之LiAlH4(1 M,於THF中,24.4 mL)中。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物1小時並在回流下攪拌10小時。在如L.F.Fieser及M. Fieser,第1卷,第584頁,Wiley 1967所述進行冷卻的情況下破壞過量LiAlH4。30分鐘後,過濾混合物並濃縮濾液,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:1.85 g(99%)。Rf=0.12(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
MS m/z: 191[M+H]+。
將3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲胺(2.28 g,11.9 mmol)添加至2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯化物(1.47 mL,11.9 mmol)及TEA(4.14 mL,29.8 mmol)於THF(90 mL)中之混合物中,並將其攪拌3小時。濃縮反應混合物,用EtOAc稀釋,用5% NaHCO3水溶液及水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:3.1 g(94%)。Rf=0.61(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
將1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮(4.87 g,21 mmol)添加至N-(3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(5.50 g,20 mmol)與二噁烷(200 mL)之混合物中,並在室溫下攪拌2小時,並且在回流下攪拌8小時。濃縮混合物,用DCM稀釋並經矽膠過濾。濃縮濾液,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:6.00 g(95%)。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.58 min。MS m/z: 318[M+H]+。
或者,亦可根據以下流程製備基本組分A:
在75℃下將N-(羥甲基)三氟乙醯胺(6.6 mmol,0.946 g)添加至2,6-二氯-硝基苯(0.899 mL,6.6 mmol)與濃H2SO4(15 mL)之混合物中。在75℃下攪拌混合物隔夜,傾入冰水中並攪拌1小時。藉由過濾收集沈澱物並乾燥。產量:0.32 g(15%)。MS[M-H]-=315,HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.43 min。
使N-(3-硝基-2,4-二氯-苯甲基)-2,2,2-三氟乙醯胺(0.66 g,不純,含量約為50%)、4 M NaOH溶液(1.3 mL,5.2 mmol)及MeOH(15 mL)之混合物回流4小時。接著濃縮混合物,用水稀釋,用4 M HCl酸化,過濾,添加4 M NaOH溶液並用EtOAc萃取。用Na2SO4乾燥有機相,過濾並濃縮。產量:0.17 g。
MS m/z: 221[M+H]+。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.02 min。
將2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯化物(0.124 mL,1.01 mmol)添加至3-硝基-2,4-二氯-苯甲胺(0.28 g,1.01 mmol)及TEA(0.35 mL,2.52 mmol)於THF(10 mL)中之混合物中,並攪拌隔夜。濃縮反應混合物,用EtOAc稀釋,相繼用5% NaHCO3水溶液及鹽水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮。
產量:0.29 g。MS m/z: 306[M+H]+。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.42 min。
在氫氣氛圍(50 psi)下將3-硝基-2,4-二氯-苯甲胺(290 mg,0.95 mmol)、Ra-Ni(50 mg)及THF(15 mL)之混合物攪拌7小時。藉由過濾移除催化劑,並濃縮濾液。
產量:0.26 g。MS m/z: 276[M+H]+。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.32 min。
將N-(3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(0.95 g,3.4 mmol)於4.0 mL二噁烷中之混合物添加至於2.5 mL水中之硫光氣(0.45 mL,5.8 mmol)中。攪拌混合物隔夜,用DCM萃取,並且用5% NaHCO3水溶液及水洗滌有機相,並用Na2SO4乾燥。過濾及濃縮後,用DCM稀釋粗產物,經由矽膠襯墊過濾並濃縮。
在0℃下將於3.3 mL DCM中之Boc2O(1.48 g,6.68 mmol)添加至3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲胺(1.16 g,6.07 mmol)、6.7 mL DCM及12.1 mL 1 N NaOH溶液之混合物中。劇烈攪拌混合物2天,並用5% NH3水溶液稀釋。分離有機相並用DCM洗滌水相2次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機相,用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:1.71 g(97%)。Rf=0.65(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
MS m/z: 291[M+H]+。
將1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮(0.42 g,1.8 mmol)添加至(3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲基)-胺基甲酸第三丁酯(0.50 g,1.7 mmol)與二噁烷(25 mL)之混合物中,並且在室溫下攪拌2小時,並在回流下攪拌2天。濃縮混合物,用DCM稀釋並經矽膠過濾。濃縮濾液,獲得標題化合物。
產量:0.49 g(86%)。Rf=0.83(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
在室溫下,在氫氣氛圍(3.2巴)下將3-硝基-2,4-二氟-苯甲腈(500 mg,2.72 mmol)、Pd/C(200 mg)、濃HCl(1.50 mL,18.0 mmol)及MeOH(25 mL)之混合物攪拌隔夜。藉由過濾移除催化劑,濃縮濾液並自EtOH中蒸發兩次,獲得呈鹽酸鹽形式之副標題化合物。
產量:580 mg。MS m/z: 159[M+H]+。
依序將TEA(400 μL,2.86 mmol)及特戊醯氯(60 μL,0.52 mmol)添加至於THF(10 mL)中之3-胺基甲基-2,6-二氟-苯胺(120 mg,呈鹽酸鹽形式)中並在室溫下攪拌隔夜。用EtOAc及飽和NaHCO3溶液稀釋反應混合物,用水及鹽水洗滌有機層,乾燥並濃縮,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:110 mg。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.19 min。MS m/z: 243[M+H]+。Rf=0.45(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
在回流下將N-(3-胺基-2,4-二氟-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(570 mg,2.35 mmol)、1,1'-硫羰基二-2(1H)-吡啶酮(550 mg,2.35 mmol)及二噁烷(20 mL)之混合物攪拌隔夜。濃縮反應混合物,用DCM稀釋,經由矽膠襯墊過濾並濃縮濾液,獲得標題化合物。
產量:440 mg(65%)。Rf=0.80(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
將乙醯氯(2.56 mL,36.0 mmol)添加至6-氯-2-氟-3-甲基-苯胺(5.00 g,31.3 mmol)與甲苯(200 mL)之混合物中,再添加甲苯(50 mL)並將混合物加熱至回流後持續3小時。接著用冰浴冷卻,並濾出所形成之沈澱物,用冷甲苯洗滌並乾燥。
產量:4.75 g(75%)。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.12 min。MS m/z: 202[M+H]+。
類似於步驟Aa,由於吡啶中之N-(6-氯-2-氟-3-甲基-苯基)-乙醯胺及KMnO4製備副標題化合物。
產量:49%。Rf=0.2(矽膠,DCM/EtOH 4:1)。HPLC Rt=0.93 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 232[M+H]+。
類似於步驟Ab,由3-乙醯胺基-4-氯-2-氟-苯甲酸及6 M HCl溶液製備副標題化合物。
產率:96%。HPLC Rt=1.10 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 190[M+H]+。
類似於步驟Ac,由3-胺基-4-氯-2-氟-苯甲酸、(1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基)-二甲基-胺及濃NH3製備副標題化合物。
產率:69%。Rf=0.3(矽膠,PE:EtOAc 4:6)。HPLC-方法
B:Rt=0.97 min。MS m/z: 189[M+H]+。
類似於步驟Ad,由3-胺基-4-氯-2-氟-苯甲醯胺及LiAlH4製備粗副標題化合物。
HPLC-方法B:Rt=0.37 min。MS m/z: 175[M+H]+。
類似於實例Ae,由粗產物3-胺基-4-氯-2-氟-苯甲胺、2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯化物及TEA製備副標題化合物。
產率:36%(副產物29%:N-(3-胺基-4-氯-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺)。Rf=0.6(矽膠,PE:EtOAc 6:4)。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.27 min。MS m/z: 259[M+H]+。
類似於步驟Af,由N-(3-胺基-4-氯-2-氟-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺、1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮製備標題化合物。
產率:65%。Rf=0.9(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
將N-(羥甲基)三氟乙醯胺(6.6 mmol,0.946 g)添加至2,6-二甲基-硝基苯(0.899 mL,6.6 mmol)與濃H2SO4(15 mL)之混合物中。在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜,傾入冰水中並攪拌2小時。藉由過濾收集沈澱物並乾燥。產量:1.5 g(84%)。
MS[M-H]-=275,TLC:Rf=0.67(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
使N-(3-硝基-2,4-二甲基-苯甲基)-2,2,2-三氟乙醯胺(1.53 g,5.54 mmol)、4 M NaOH溶液(6.9 mL,28 mmol)及MeOH(30 mL)之混合物回流2小時。接著濃縮混合物,用水稀釋並用EtOAc萃取。用Na2SO4乾燥有機相,過濾並濃縮。
MS m/z: 181[M+H]+。HPLC-方法C:Rt=1.13 min。
將3-硝基-2,4-二甲基-苯甲胺(1.40 g,粗產物)添加至2,2-二甲基-丙酸氯化物(0.682 mL,5.5 mmol)及TEA(1.92 mL,13.8 mmol)於THF(30 mL)中之混合物中,並將其攪拌隔夜。濃縮反應混合物,用EtOAc稀釋,相繼用2 M HCl水溶液、5% NaHCO3水溶液及水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮。
產量:1.41 g。MS m/z: 265[M+H]+。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.37 min。
在氫氣氛圍(50 psi)下將N-(3-硝基-2,4-二甲基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(500 mg,1.89 mmol)、Pd/C(50 mg)及MeOH(20 mL)之混合物攪拌9小時。藉由過濾移除催化劑,並濃縮濾液。
產量:0.42 g。MS m/Z: 235[M+H]+。HPLC-方法B:Rt=1.32 min。
類似於步驟Af,由N-(3-胺基-2,4-二甲基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺、1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮製備標題化合物。
產率:65%。Rf=0.81(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 95:5)。
類似於步驟1d,由於DMF中之3-胺基-2,4-二氯-苯甲胺(0.310 g,1.01 mmol)、1-三氟甲基-環丙烷甲酸(0.17 g,1.1 mmol)、TBTU(0.39 g,1.2 mmol)及TEA(0.71 mL)製備副標題化合物。
產量:289 mg(83%)。MS m/z: 327[M+H]+。
類似於步驟Af,由N-(2,4-二氯-3-胺基-苯甲基)-1-三氟甲基-環丙烷甲醯胺(150 mg,0.45 mmol)及1,1'-硫羰基二-2-吡啶酮(89 mg,0.38 mmol)製備標題化合物。
產量:92 mg(粗產物)。
將反-4-三氟甲基-環己烷-甲酸(10.4 g,53.1 mmol)、SOCl2(10 mL,137 mmol)、DCM(100 mL)及DMF(200 μl)之混合物加熱至回流後持續1.5小時並濃縮。用100 mL THF稀釋粗產物酸氯化物,並緩慢添加濃NH3(350 mL)。
攪拌5分鐘,濃縮混合物並在40℃下乾燥。
產量:9.7 g。
在1 N NaOH水溶液(200 mL)中將溴(2.85 mL,55 mmol)攪拌10分鐘,接著添加反-4-三氟甲基-環己基-甲醯胺,並且在室溫下攪拌45分鐘並在回流下攪拌3小時。冷卻至室溫後,用Et2O萃取混合物,用MgSO4乾燥有機相,過濾,用於Et2O中之2 N HCl處理並濃縮,獲得呈鹽酸鹽形式之副標題化合物。
產量:8.5 g。MS m/z: 168[M+H]+。
將甲胺(13.5 mL,40%於水中)添加至2,4-二氟-5-硝基-苯甲酸(10.0 g,49 mmol)於水(100 mL)中之冰冷卻混合物中,並在室溫下攪拌30分鐘。用6 N HCl水溶液酸化混合物並過濾沈澱物,用水洗滌並在60℃下乾燥。使粗物質自MeOH中再結晶。最終產物略微受其區域異構體4-氟-2-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸污染。
將粗產物2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸(4.88 g,含有痕量區域異構體)、DIPEA(11.7 mL,68.3 mmol)、TBTU(8.05 g,25.1 mmol)及THF(100 mL)之混合物攪拌15分鐘,接著添加反-4-三氟甲基-環己基-胺(4.64 g,HCl鹽)並攪拌隔夜。濃縮混合物,添加NaHCO3水溶液並過濾所得沈澱物,洗滌並乾燥。
產量:8.14 g。Rf=0.3(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 98:2)。HPLC Rt=1.44 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 364[M+H]+。
將2,2-二氟乙醇(2.12 mL,33,6 mmol)、KOtBu(3.84 g,32.4 mmol)及THF(100 mL)之混合物攪拌15分鐘,接著添加N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺(8.14 g,22.4 mmol)並攪拌1.5小時。向混合物中添加水,並蒸餾除去THF。過濾所得沈澱物,用水洗滌並乾燥。
產量:8.60 g。Rf=0.35(矽膠,PE:Et2O 1:1)。HPLC Rt=1.47 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 426[M+H]+。
在50 psi H2氛圍下將N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺(6.38 g,15.0 mmol)、Pd/C(0.50 g)及MeOH(100 mL)之混合物攪拌4小時。過濾混合物,用THF洗滌催化劑並濃縮合併之濾液。藉由急驟層析法(矽膠;DCM/EtOH 97/3)純化粗混合物。
產量:5.38 g(91%)。Rf=0.3(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.25 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 396[M+H]+。
將N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺(200 mg,0.506 mmol)、N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(160 mg,0.505 mmol)及DMF(2.0 mL)之混合物攪拌3小時,接著添加DIC(102 μl,0,658 mmol)並在80℃下攪拌2小時。濃縮粗混合物並藉由急驟層析法(矽膠;DCM/EtOH 98:2→97:3)加以純化。
產量:0.320 g(93%)。Rf=0.35(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.42 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 678[M+H]+。
在冰浴中攪拌2,4-二氟-5-硝基-苯甲酸乙酯(5.0 g,21 mmol)、5.2 mL濃NH3及THF(25 mL)之混合物30分鐘並在室溫下攪拌隔夜。濃縮混合物並用水稀釋。過濾沈澱物,用水洗滌並在55℃下乾燥,提供粗副標題化合物。
產量:4.58 g。Rf=0.57(矽膠,PE/EtOAc 3:2)。MS m/z: 227[M-H]-。
攪拌2,2-二氟乙醇(0.062 mL,0.97 mmol)、KOtBu(0.108 g,0.964 mmol)及THF(5 mL)之混合物15分鐘,接著添加2-氟-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸乙酯(0.200 g)並攪拌15小時。向混合物中添加水並用EtOAc萃取。用水及鹽水洗滌有機相,用Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮。
產量:0.24 g。Rf=0.7(矽膠,DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.34 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 291[M+H]+。
在70℃下攪拌2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸乙酯(0.24 g,0.827 mmol)、4 N NaOH水溶液(0.845 mL)及MeOH(10 mL)之混合物1.5小時。濃縮混合物並用水稀釋殘餘物,且用4 N HCl水溶液酸化。濾出沈澱物,用水洗滌並在50℃下乾燥。
產量:0.17 g(78%)。Rf=0.4(矽膠,DCM/EtOH 9:1)。
HPLC Rt=1.14 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 263[M+H]+。
類似於實例1d,由2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸及反-4-三氟甲基-環己基-胺與TBTU及DIPEA製備副標題化合物。
產率:100%。Rf=0.7(矽膠,DCM:EtOH 9:1)。HPLC Rt=1.43 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 412[M+H]+。
類似於實例1f,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺與Pd/C及H2製備副標題化合物。
產率:定量。Rf=0.4(DCM/EtOH 9:1)。HPLC Rt=1.19 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 382[M+H]+。
類似於實例1g,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4,5-二胺基-苯甲醯胺及N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺與DIC製備標題化合物。產率:43%。Rf=0.2(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.34 min(方法B)。MS m/Z: 664[M+H]+。
類似於實例1f,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺與Pd/C及H2製備副標題化合物。
產率:98%。Rf=0.25(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.32 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 334[M+H]+。
類似於實例1g,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺及N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺與DIC製備標題化合物。
產率:60%。Rf=0.4(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.36 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 616[M+H]+。
類似於實例1f,由2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸(實例2c)與Pd/C及H2製備副標題化合物。
產率:99%。Rf=0.3(DCM/EtOH 9:1)。
攪拌2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4,5-二胺基-苯甲酸(732 mg,3.15 mmol)、N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(1.00 g,3.15 mmol)及MeCN(15 mL)之混合物48小時,接著添加BSTFA(1.03 mL,3.15 mmol)並在回流下攪拌10分鐘。接著添加DIC(0.494 mL,3.15 mmol)並再攪拌4小時。將混合物冷卻至室溫,用HOAc稀釋並濃縮。將殘餘物與1 N NaOH一起攪拌,過濾並用4 N HCl酸化濾液,用EtOAc萃取並經由層析[DCM→DCM+10% EtOH/HOAc(95:5)]加以純化,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:0.720 g(44%)。Rf=0.13(DCM/EtOH 95:5+數滴HOAc)。MS m/z: 515[M+H]+。
將PPA(0.223 mL,50%於EtOAc中,約0.38 mmol)緩慢添加至2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸(0.150 g,0.291 mmol)、4-溴苯胺(50 mg,0.291 mmol)、TEA(0.101mL,0.728 mmol)及THF(10 mL)之混合物中。使混合物回流3天,濃縮並經由製備型HPLC(管柱:Zorbax Stable bond C18,5 μm,30×100 mm,梯度:水+0.15% HCOOH/MeOH 95:5→10:90)加以純化,提供標題化合物。
產量:0.043 g(22%)。HPLC Rt=1.67 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 668[M+H]+。
在-5℃下將MeNH2於THF(21.6 mL,43.3 mmol)中之2 M溶液逐滴添加至2,4-二氟-5-硝基苯甲酸乙酯(5.0 g,21.6 mmol)於THF(70 mL)中之溶液中。使混合物處於室溫下隔夜,隨後在0℃下再添加一份於THF中之2 M MeNH2(10.0mL;2 M;21.6 mmol)。在室溫下3小時後,添加水並濃縮混合物。濾出所得沈澱物並乾燥,獲得副標題化合物。產量:5.0 g(96%)。
將2,2-二氟乙醇(1.7 g,20.6 mmol)於THF(50 mL)中之溶液添加至2-氟-4-(甲胺基)-5-硝基苯甲酸乙酯(5.0 g,20.6 mmol)於DMF(100 mL)中之溶液中。添加數份氫化鈉(0.824 g,60%,20.6 mmol)並在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜。添加TFA溶液(30 mL,0.45 M水溶液)並濃縮混合物。濾出所得沈澱物,用水洗滌,乾燥並自EtOH/水中再結晶,獲得副標題化合物。產量:4.8 g(76%)。
在室溫下,在H2氛圍(8 atm)下將2-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-4-(甲胺基)-5-硝基苯甲酸乙酯(2.0 g,6.57 mmol)、Ra-Ni(1.0 g)及THF(100 mL)之混合物攪拌隔夜。添加Na2SO4並在H2氛圍下將混合物再攪拌30分鐘。使混合物經由矽藻土過濾並濃縮,且副標題化合物不經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。
在室溫下將5-胺基-2-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-4-(甲胺基)苯甲酸乙酯(0.942 g,3.44 mmol)、N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(1.09 g,3.44 mmol)及DMF(5 mL)之混合物攪拌隔夜。接著添加DIC(0.695 mL,4.44mmol)並將混合物加熱6小時,達到80℃。濃縮混合物,用EtOAc稀釋,用水洗滌,並用Na2SO4乾燥所得有機相。濃縮並經由管柱層析(矽膠,DCM→DCM/EtOH 97:3)加以純化後,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:1.35 g(71%)。Rf=0.42(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。MS m/z: 557[M+H]+。
將於庚烷(1.08 mL,1 M,1.08 mmol)中之Me3Al添加至4-溴苯胺(0.139 g,0.807 mmol)於1,4-二噁烷(5 mL)中之溶液中,並在室溫下將混合物攪拌30分鐘。接著緩慢添加於5 mL 1,4-二噁烷中之2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯,並在60℃下將混合物攪拌10小時,冷卻,並小心地添加MeOH。用HOAc酸化粗混合物,濃縮並經由層析(矽膠,DCM→DCM/EtOH 95:5)加以純化。
產量:85 mg(46%)。HPLC Rt=2.80 min(方法G)。MS m/z: 682[M+H]+。
將2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸(0.500 g,2.34 mmol)、(1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基)-二甲胺(0.371 mL,2.80 mmol)及DCM(50 mL)之混合物攪拌30分鐘,接著添加4-溴苯胺(0.402 mg,2.34 mmol)及DIPEA(0.549 mL,3.15 mmol)並攪拌2小時。濃縮混合物,添加水並過濾沈澱物,用水洗滌並乾燥,獲得副標題化合物。
產量:0.820 g(95%)。HPLC Rt=1.47 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 368[M+H]+。
類似於實例1e,由N-(4-溴苯基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺、2,2-二氟乙醇及KOtBu製備副標題化合物。
產量:0.94 g(98%)。HPLC Rt=1.54 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 430[M+H]+。
類似於實例5c,由N-(4-溴苯基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺、Ra-Ni及H2製備副標題化合物。
產量:0.86 g(98%)。Rf=0.40(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。MS m/z: 400[M+H]+。
類似於實例1g,由N-(4-溴苯基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺及N-(2,4-二氟-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺與DIC製備標題化合物。
產量:0.12 g(52%)。Rf=0.35(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.52 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 650[M+H]+。
類似於實例5c,由N-(4-溴苯基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺、Ra-Ni及H2製備副標題化合物。
產率:定量。HPLC Rt=1.34 min(方法B)。MS m/Z: 339[M+H]+。
將N-(4-溴苯基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺(220 mg,0.543 mmol)、N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(0.172 mg,0.543 mmol)及DMF(5 mL)之混合物攪拌3天,用水稀釋並用EtOAc萃取。用水洗滌有機相,用Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,獲得粗產物。
HPLC Rt=1.48 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 656[M+H]+。
在80℃下將粗產物N-(4-溴苯基)-5-(3-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯基}-硫脲基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-苯甲醯胺(400 mg)、DIC(111 μl,0.700 mmol)及DMF(5 mL)之混合物攪拌8小時。濃縮粗混合物並藉由急驟層析(矽膠;DCM→DCM/EtOH 97:3)加以純化,獲得標題化合物。
產量:0.230 g(68%)。Rf=0.34(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。MS m/z: 620[M+H]+。
類似於實例5c,由N-(4-溴苯基)-2-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-4-環丙基胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺(類似於實例1c、實例6a、實例1e由2,4-二氟-5-硝基苯甲酸、環丙胺、4-溴苯胺及2,2-二氟乙醇製備)及Ra-Ni/H2製備副標題化合物。
HPLC Rt=1.4 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 427[M+H]+。
類似於實例7b/7c,由N-(4-溴苯基)-2-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-4-環丙基胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺及N-(2,4-二氟-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺與DIC製備標題化合物。
Rf=0.36(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。MS m/z: 676[M+H]+。
類似於實例1f,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-氟-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺(類似於實例2d,由2-氟-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸、反-4-三氟甲基-環己胺製備)與Pd/C及H2製備副標題化合物。
HPLC Rt=1.58 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 320[M+H]+。
類似於實例7b/7c,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-氟-4,5-二胺基-苯甲醯胺及N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺與DIC製備標題化合物。
HPLC Rt=2.52 min(方法G)。MS m/z: 602[M+H]+。
類似於實例7b/7c,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺及(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-胺基甲酸第三丁酯與DIC製備標題化合物。
Rf=0.25(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。MS m/z: 694[M+H]+。
實例14
N
-
(
反
-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-{2,6-二甲基-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲醯胺
類似於實例7b/7c,由N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺及N-(2,4-二甲基-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺與DIC製備標題化合物。
Rf=0.15(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。MS m/z: 638[M+H]+。
類似於實例5c,由N-(4-氟-3-氯-苯基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺(類似於步驟6a,由2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸、4-氟-3-氯-苯胺製備)與Ra-Ni及H2製備副標題化合物。
MS m/z: 312[M+H]+。
類似於實例7b/7c,由N-(4-氟-3-氯-苯基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺及N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺與DIC製備標題化合物。
HPLC Rt=2.52 min(方法G)。MS m/z: 594[M+H]+。
將2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯(1.170 g,2.10 mmol)、4 N NaOH水溶液(2.10 mL,8.4 mmol)及EtOH(30 mL)之混合物攪拌4天。接著濃縮混合物,用水稀釋,並用4 N HCl水溶液酸化。過濾沈澱物,用水洗滌並乾燥,獲得0.60 g產物。用EtOAc萃取濾液,用Na2SO4乾燥有機相並濃縮,再獲得0.23 g副標題化合物。
產量:0.83 g(75%)。HPLC Rt=1.16 min(方法C)。MS m/z: 529[M+H]+。
將(1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基)-二甲胺(20 μl)添加至2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸(53 mg,0.10 mmol)於2.0 mL乙腈中之混合物中並在室溫下攪拌10分鐘。再添加(1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基)-二甲胺(20 μl)並在室溫下再攪拌混合物20分鐘。將粗產物酸氯化物溶液添加至3-胺基苯甲腈(12 mg,0.10 mmol)、吡啶(24 μL,0.30 mmol)及乙腈(1.0 mL)之混合物中,並在室溫下攪拌15分鐘,且在55℃下再攪拌5小時。在真空中移除溶劑並將殘餘物溶解於2 mL 19:1 DMF/水溶液中,並經由製備型HPLC加以純化,提供標題化合物。
產量:26 mg(42%)。HPLC Rt=1.65 min(方法A)。MS m/z: 629[M+H]+。
將(1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基)-二甲胺(20 μl)添加至2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟-乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸(53 mg,0.10 mmol)於1.0 mL乙腈中之混合物中並在室溫下攪拌15分鐘。將粗產物酸氯化物溶液添加至2,4-二氯苯胺(16 mg,0.10 mmol)、吡啶(24 μL,0.30 mmol)及乙腈(1.0 mL)之混合物中,並在60℃下攪拌整個週末。在真空中移除溶劑並將殘餘物溶解於2 mL 9:1 DMF/水溶液中,並經由製備型HPLC加以純化。
產量:53 mg(79%)。HPLC Rt=2.83 min(方法D)。MS m/z: 672[M+H]+。
將N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-2-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺(60 mg,0.161 mmol,由3-氯-4-氟-苯胺、2,2-二氟乙醇及2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基苯甲酸按照1d至1f之順序製備)、N-(4-氯-2-氟-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(0.48 mg,0.161 mmol)及DMF(2 mL)之混合物攪拌3小時。接著添加DIC(25 μl,0.16 mmol)並在80℃下攪拌隔夜。濃縮粗混合物並藉由急驟層析法(矽膠;DCM→DCM/EtOH 98:2)加以純化。
產量:80 mg(78%)。Rf=0.45(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。HPLC Rt=1.48 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 640[M+H]+。
將(1-氯-2-甲基-丙烯基)-二甲胺(102 μl)添加至2-(二氟-甲氧基)-5-胺基-4-硝基-苯甲酸(175 mg,0.705 mmol,類似於WO2010/034797製備)、5 mL THF及10 mL DCM之混合物中並攪拌5小時。接著添加反-4-三氟甲基-環己胺(158 mg,0.776 mmol)及吡啶(139 μL,1.77 mmol)並攪拌隔夜。在真空中移除溶劑,添加半飽和NaHCO3水溶液並用DCM萃取。用Na2SO4乾燥有機層,過濾,濃縮並經由製備型HPLC(方法F)加以純化。
產量:70 mg(25%)。HPLC Rt=2.06 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 398[M+H]+。
在H2氛圍(3巴)下將N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(二氟甲氧基)-5-胺基-4-硝基-苯甲醯胺(70 mg,0.176 mmol)、Pd/C(15 mg)及10 mL THF之混合物攪拌2小時。將粗混合物濾入裝有N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(59 mg,0.185 mmol)之燒瓶中,並用40 mL THF洗滌濾餅。在室溫下攪拌混合物4小時並在60℃下攪拌隔夜。接著,將反應混合物濃縮至約10 mL並在60℃下再攪拌8小時。接著,在真空中濃縮,用MeCN(2.0 mL)稀釋並添加DIC(29 μl,0.186 mmol),並且攪拌4天。接著,濃縮混合物,用DMF及THF稀釋並經由HPLC加以純化。
產量:34 mg(30%)。HPLC Rt=2.00 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 650[M+H]+。
在0℃下將2,2,2-三氟乙醇(0.377 mL,5.2 mmol)、KOtBu(0.580 g,0.5.2 mmol)及THF(20 mL)之混合物攪拌15分鐘,接著添加於THF(20 mL)中之2,3-二氟-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸甲酯(1.00 g)並在室溫下攪拌15小時。向混合物中添加水並濃縮混合物。過濾所得沈澱物,用水洗滌並在50℃下乾燥。
產量:1.15 g(86%)。HPLC Rt=1.95 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 313[M+H]+。
類似於實例78b,使用i)Pd/C及H2;ii)N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺;及iii)DIC,由2-(2,2,3-三氟-乙氧基)-3-氟-4-胺基-5-硝基-苯甲酸甲酯製備副標題化合物。
產量:90 mg(45%)。HPLC Rt=2.01 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 565[M+H]+。
類似於實例28a,由2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-7-氟-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯及NaOH製備副標題化合物。
產量:60 mg(62%)。HPLC Rt=1.81 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 551[M+H]+。
將2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-7-氟-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸(60 mg,0.109 mmol)、TBTU(36.7 mg,0.114 mmol)、DIPEA(66 μl,0.38 mmol)及DMF(1 mL)之混合物攪拌30分鐘,接著添加反-4-三氟甲基-環己胺(24 mg,鹽酸鹽)並攪拌1小時。用EtOAc稀釋混合物,用飽和NaHCO3水溶液洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,獲得標題化合物。
產量:76 mg(100%)。HPLC Rt=2.24 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 700[M+H]+。
將N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(第三丁氧基-羰基胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲醯胺(350 mg,0.504 mmol)、6 M HCl水溶液(15 mL)及THF(15 mL)之混合物攪拌隔夜,濃縮混合物並直接用於下一步驟。
產量:320 mg(定量)。HPLC Rt=1.23 min(方法B)。MS m/z: 594[M+H]+。
將CDT(45 mg,90%)添加至粗產物N-(反-4-三氟甲基-環己-1-基)-2-(2,6-二氯-3-胺甲基-苯胺基)-6-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲醯胺(140 mg)、DIPEA(0.12 mL,0.68 mmol)及THF(5.0 mL)之冰冷卻混合物中並攪拌30分鐘。接著,添加3,3-二氟氮雜環丁烷×HCl(30 mg,0.22 mmol)並將混合物加熱至60℃後持續4天(每天再添加30 mg氮雜環丁烷)。濃縮反應混合物並經由層析(矽膠,DCM→DCM/EtOH 95:5)加以純化。
產量:60 mg(38%)。Rf(TLC):0.26(DCM/EtOH 95:5)。MS m/z: 713[M+H]+。
將N-(3-氯-4-氟-苯基)-2-{2,6-二氯-3-[(第三丁氧基-羰基胺基)-甲基]-苯胺基}-6-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲醯胺(4.0 g,5.9 mmol,類似於實例75由N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-2-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-胺基-苯甲醯胺與基本組分B製備)、於二噁烷中之4 M HCl(50 mL)及二噁烷(200 mL)之混合物攪拌2小時。濾出沈澱物,用水洗滌並用10 mL濃NH3水稀釋。用EtOAc萃取混合物,用Na2SO4乾燥有機相並濃縮。
產量:2.62 g(77%)。MS m/z: 572[M+H]+。
將TBTU(1.0 mL於DMF中之0.11 M溶液)添加至N-(3-氯-4-氟-苯基)-2-(2,6-二氯-3-胺甲基-苯胺基)-6-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲醯胺(1.0 mL於DMF中之0.10 M溶液)、DIPEA(52 μl,0.3 mmol)及2-氟-2-甲基丙酸(1.0 mL於DMF中之0.13 M溶液)之混合物中並攪拌3天,並且藉由製備型HPLC純化混合物。
產量:38 mg(57%)。HPLC Rt=1.69 min(方法I)。MS m/z: 661[M+H]+。
將KHMDS(0.320 g,1.60 mmol)添加至N-(4-氟-3-氯-苯基)-2-氟-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺(500 mg,1.46 mmol)、2-氟乙醇(0.129 ml,2.19 mmol)及30 ml THF之冰冷卻混合物中。30分鐘後,使溫度升高至60℃後持續4.5小時,接著在室溫下攪拌隔夜。再添加2-氟乙醇(0.129 ml,2.19 mmol)及KHMDS(0.160 g,0.80 mmol)並在60℃下攪拌4.5小時。接著用飽和NaHCO3水溶液稀釋混合物並濾出沈澱物,用水洗滌並乾燥。
產量:360 mg(64%)。HPLC Rt=2.28 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 386[M+H]+。
在H2氛圍(3巴)下將N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-2-(2-氟乙氧基)-4-甲胺基-5-硝基-苯甲醯胺(67.9 mg,0.176 mmol)、Pd/C(15 mg)及10 mL THF之混合物攪拌8小時。將粗混合物濾入裝有N-(2,4-二氯-3-異硫氰基-苯甲基)-2,2-二甲基-丙醯胺(59 mg,0.185 mmol)之燒瓶中,並濃縮至約5 mL。在室溫下攪拌混合物2小時並在真空中濃縮。用MeCN(2.0 mL)稀釋混合物,添加DIC(29 μl,0.186 mmol),並在室溫下攪拌隔夜,並且在60℃下攪拌2小時。將混合物冷卻至室溫並濾出所得沈澱物,用MeCN洗滌,再溶解於二噁烷/MeCN及數滴HCOOH中並凍乾。
產量:29 mg(26%)。HPLC Rt=2.09 min(方法E)。MS m/z: 638[M+H]+。
類似於上述方法製備表1中之以下實例。
類似於實例84,製備表2中之以下實例(A及W如表格中所定義)。
Claims (16)
- 一種式I化合物,
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中R 8 表示-H或氟。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中R 6 表示-H、-CH3、環丙基。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中R 1 及R 2 獨立地表示氯、氟、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中R 7 表示氟、-OCHF2、-OCF3、-OCH2CH2F、-OCH2CHF2、-OCH2CF3、-O-四氫呋喃-3-基、-O-CH2-環丙基。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中A表示C1-4烷基-、C3-7環烷基-C0-2烷基-、四氫呋喃基-甲基-、苯基-C1-2烷基-、吡啶基-甲基-、苯基-、茚滿基-、吡啶基-、噻吩基-、噻唑基-、苯并噻唑基,在該等基團中該等烷基-、環烷基-及雜環烷基-片段視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代,且該等芳基及雜芳基片段視情況經-F、-Cl、-Br、-CN、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3取代。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中M 表示-C1-4烷基、-C3-5環烷基,該兩個基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-OH、-CN、-NH2、-OCH3、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、環丙基之基團取代;或氧雜環丁基-、四氫呋喃基-、氮雜環丁基-或吡咯啶基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代;或苯基-、茚滿基-、噻吩基-、吡咯基-、吡唑基-、咪唑基-、噻唑基-或異噁唑基-,所有該等基團均視情況經一或多個選自-F、-Cl、-CH3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,亦即式Ia化合物:
- 如請求項8之化合物,其中A 表示甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基,該後7個基團視情況經一或多個氟原子取代,或環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基,該後4個基團視情況經一或多個選自-F、-CH3、-CHF2、-CF3之取代基取代;或係選自以下基團:
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,亦即式Ia或式Ib之化合物:
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其係選自包含以下各物之群:
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其係用作藥物。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含至少一種如請求項1至11中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,與醫藥學上可接受之佐劑、稀釋劑及/或載劑混合。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療及/或預防發炎性疾病及/或相關病狀,詳言之疼痛。
- 一種中間物,其具有式XIb、式XIc、式XVIIb、式XVIIc、式XIX或式XX:
- 如請求項15之中間物,其係選自包含以下各物之化合物之群:
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