SE455309B - FUEL CONSIDERED BY A MICROEMULSION OF THE WATER AND ALCOHOL IN A CARBON-containing liquid - Google Patents
FUEL CONSIDERED BY A MICROEMULSION OF THE WATER AND ALCOHOL IN A CARBON-containing liquidInfo
- Publication number
- SE455309B SE455309B SE8203055A SE8203055A SE455309B SE 455309 B SE455309 B SE 455309B SE 8203055 A SE8203055 A SE 8203055A SE 8203055 A SE8203055 A SE 8203055A SE 455309 B SE455309 B SE 455309B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- water
- microemulsion
- weight
- alcohol
- amino
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-4-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CCC WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 aliphatic ester Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-M cerotate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/28—Aminocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Description
15 20 25 30 35 2 ställning av mikroemulsioner, som vissa ytaktiva medel har gjort det möjligt att erhålla. Pâ detta sätt har under det senaste årtiondet olika arbeten fört forskarna till att åstadkomma mikroemulsioner av flytande kolväte- bränslen innehållande vatten och andra hjälpsubstanser, i synnerhet alkoholer. Man uppnår härigenom en ökning av förbränningsgraden och minskning av nedsmutsnings- effekterna. Enär alkoholer, som i sig själva är bränn- bara, ingår i emulsionen, sparas en motsvarande del kolväten. Exempel på sådana utföringsformer beskrives i flera patent, av vilka det amerikanska 3 876 391 föreslår användning av ytaktiva medel, som utgörs av en alifatisk ester av dietylenglykol, alifatiska polyoxialkylestrar eller polyalkanolaminderivat. I det amerikanska patentet 4 002 435 rekommenderas använd- ning av polyoxietylen av alkylfenoltyp, medan enligt patentet 4 046 519 användes en förening av mono- och diglycerider av oleinsyra med di-(hydroxi-2-etyl)- -stearylaminoxid, varvid denna blandning gjorts i sådana proportioner, att hydrofil-lipofíl-jämvikten (HLB) blir 3-4,5. Trots de framsteg som uppnåtts genom användningen av mikroemulsioner, äger bränslen med tillsats av vatten, alkohol eller andra hjälpsubstanser ännu inte alla erforderliga egenskaper, framför allt beträffande den termodynamiska och kemiska stabili- teten; sönderfall under lagring, framför allt vid låga temperaturer, är alltid att befara, och i vissa fall åstadkommer hjälpsubstanserna korrosion i de motorer eller brännare där kolvätet kommer till använd- ning. 15 20 25 30 35 2 position of microemulsions, which certain surfactants have made it possible to obtain. In this way, over the past decade, various works have led researchers to create microemulsions of liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing water and other excipients, in particular alcohols. This achieves an increase in the degree of combustion and a reduction in the pollution effects. Since alcohols, which are themselves combustible, are included in the emulsion, a corresponding proportion of hydrocarbons is saved. Examples of such embodiments are described in several patents, of which U.S. Pat. No. 3,876,391 proposes the use of surfactants which consist of an aliphatic ester of diethylene glycol, aliphatic polyoxyalkyl esters or polyalkanolamine derivatives. U.S. Pat. No. 4,002,435 recommends the use of alkylphenol-type polyoxyethylene, while U.S. Pat. in such proportions that the hydrophilic-lipophilic equilibrium (HLB) becomes 3-4.5. Despite the progress made through the use of microemulsions, fuels with the addition of water, alcohol or other excipients do not yet possess all the required properties, in particular as regards thermodynamic and chemical stability; Decomposition during storage, especially at low temperatures, is always to be feared, and in some cases the auxiliaries cause corrosion in the engines or burners where the hydrocarbon is used.
Enligt gängse uppfattning i den här ifrågavarande tekniken bör det för mikroemulsionens bildande använda ytaktiva medlet vara icke joniskt, och detta villkor är speciellt viktigt för att undvika korrosion i moto- rerna. Detta kommer särskilt till uttryck i Europa- -patentet 12 345, sidan 6 nedtill och är underförstått i den tyska patentskriften 2 633 462, som använder 10 15 20 25 30 35 455 509 3 en kombination av bestämda icke joniska emulgatorer för framställning av stabila system av flytande kolväten med vatten och lägre alkoholer. De i litteraturen beskrivna exemplen på mikroemulsioner för bränslen visar, att andelen ytaktiva medel, som bör användas, är stor i förhållande till det i systemet innehàllna vattnet.According to the common view in the technique in question, the surfactant used for the formation of the microemulsion should be non-ionic, and this condition is especially important in order to avoid corrosion in the motors. This is particularly evident in European Patent 12,345, page 6 below and is implied in German Patent Specification 2,633,462, which uses a combination of certain non-ionic emulsifiers for the preparation of stable systems. of liquid hydrocarbons with water and lower alcohols. The examples of microemulsions for fuels described in the literature show that the proportion of surfactants which should be used is large in relation to the water contained in the system.
I motsats till dessa framställningar som resultat av den tidigare tekniken grundar sig föreliggande uppfinning pá den oväntade iakttagelsen att vissa bättre speciella, anjoniska ytaktiva substanser ger resultat och leder till mycket stabila, ej nedsmutsande och icke korroderande bränslemikroemulsioner.In contrast to these preparations as a result of the prior art, the present invention is based on the unexpected observation that certain better special, anionic surfactants give results and lead to very stable, non-polluting and non-corrosive fuel microemulsions.
Det nya bränslet enligt uppfinningen, som utgöres av en mikroemulsion av vatten och alkohol i en brännbar kolvätehaltig vätska, vilken utgör 80-90 vikt% av bränslet, varvid mikroemulsionen innehåller ett ytaktivt medel med formeln: R-CH-coona J I NHCOR' i vilken R är C8-C24-alkyl och R' är Cl-C6~alkyl, samt en eller flera alkoholer med 1-8 C-atomer i mole- kylen, kännetecknas av att mängden ytaktivt medel är 1,5-3,5 vikt%, mängden alkohol är 2-10 vikt% och mängden vatten är 9-lO vikt% av mikroemulsionen.The novel fuel according to the invention, which consists of a microemulsion of water and alcohol in a combustible hydrocarbonaceous liquid, which constitutes 80-90% by weight of the fuel, the microemulsion containing a surfactant of the formula: R-CH-coona JI NHCOR 'in which R is C8-C24-alkyl and R 'is C1-C6-alkyl, and one or more alcohols having 1-8 C-atoms in the molecule are characterized in that the amount of surfactant is 1.5-3.5% by weight. , the amount of alcohol is 2-10% by weight and the amount of water is 9-10% by weight of the microemulsion.
Varje radikal R och R' kan omfatta en eller flera aromatiska kärnor.Each radical R and R 'may comprise one or more aromatic nuclei.
Benämningarna på de enligt uppfinningen använda ytaktiva medlen kan härledas från aminosyrorna och de motsvarande acylderivaten eller också av aminogruppen bildade syror och amider. Dessa är i själva verket salter av N-acyl-d-aminosyror, d v s av alkyl-l-alkan- amid-1-ättiksyror.The names of the surfactants used according to the invention can be derived from the amino acids and the corresponding acyl derivatives or also acids and amides formed by the amino group. These are in fact salts of N-acyl-d-amino acids, i.e. of alkyl-1-alkanamide-1-acetic acids.
Såsom icke begränsande exempel anföres här nedan några av de salter som lämpar sig för framställning av bränslet enligt uppfinningen i form av en klar, 10 15 20 25 30 35 455 309 4 isotrop, viskositetsbevarande och mycket stabil mikro- emulsion.As non-limiting examples, some of the salts suitable for the preparation of the fuel according to the invention are given below in the form of a clear, isotropic, viscosity-preserving and very stable microemulsion.
N-acetyl-a-amino-kaliumkaprylat, N-butyryl-a-amino-natriumdekanoat, N-propionyl-a-amino-dietylaminododekanoat, N-acetyl-u-amino-natriumdodekanoat, N-oktanoyl-a-amino-ammoniumdodekanoat, N-acetyl-a-amino-kaliumtetradekanoat, N-kaproyl-a-amino-pyridintetradekanoat, di-etylendiamin-(N-propionyl-u-amino-hexadekanoat), N-acetyl-a-amino-natriumoleat, N-acetyl-a-amino-natriumoktadekanoat, N-acetyl-a-amino-isobutylaminolinoleat, N-acetyl-a-amino-natriumtetradekanoat, N-oleyl-a-amino-natrium-oktadekanoat, N-linoleyl-a-amino-kaliumhexanoat, osv.N-acetyl-α-amino-potassium caprylate, N-butyryl-α-amino-sodium decanoate, N-propionyl-α-amino-diethylaminododecanoate, N-acetyl-u-amino-sodium dodecanoate, N-octanoyl-α-amino-ammonium dodecanoate, N-acetyl-α-amino-potassium tetradecanoate, N-caproyl-α-amino-pyridine tetradecanoate, diethylenediamine (N-propionyl-u-amino-hexadecanoate), N-acetyl-α-amino-sodium oleate, N-acetyl- α-amino-sodium octadecanoate, N-acetyl-α-amino-isobutylaminolinoleate, N-acetyl-α-amino-sodium tetradecanoate, N-oleyl-α-amino-sodium octadecanoate, N-linoleyl-α-amino-potassium hexanoate, etc.
Användningen av denna klass av ytaktiva medel, som beskrivits i den franska patentansökan 78 32005, erbjuder likaledes fördelen att rymmas i ett vidsträckt omrâde av hydrofil-lipofil jämvikt (HLB), i synnerhet för HLB från 3 till 15, detta i motsats till de flesta hittills använda medlen, som ger stabila mikroemulsioner endast inom snäva gränser för HLB.The use of this class of surfactants, as described in French patent application 78 32005, likewise offers the advantage of being accommodated in a wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic equilibrium (HLB), in particular for HLB from 3 to 15, in contrast to most hitherto used the agents, which give stable microemulsions only within narrow limits of HLB.
Såsom de flesta kända bränslen pà mikroemulsions- bas innehåller bränslet enligt uppfinningen vatten i ett förhållande av 9-10 vikt% av totalmängden.Like most known microemulsion-based fuels, the fuel of the invention contains water in a ratio of 9-10% by weight of the total amount.
Den hjälpsubstans, som är nödvändig för bildande av en mikroemulsion och som allmänt benämns "med yt- aktivt medel", kan väljas bland många i denna teknik kända tillsatsämnen. Emellertid är alkoholer med 1-8 kolatomer särskilt intressanta, ävenså vissa vätskefor- miga aminer. Således innehåller de mest gángbara for- merna av det nya bränslet metanol, etanol, propanol eller/och oktanol o s v i en andel av 2-10% av total- vikten. På samma sätt förhåller det sig med aminer, vilka kan ersätta eller medfölja alkoholerna.The excipient necessary for the formation of a microemulsion, commonly referred to as a "surfactant", may be selected from many additives known in the art. However, alcohols having 1-8 carbon atoms are particularly interesting, as are some liquid amines. Thus, the most common forms of the new fuel contain methanol, ethanol, propanol and / or octanol, etc. in a proportion of 2-10% of the total weight. The same is true of amines, which can replace or accompany the alcohols.
Angående den nödvändiga koncentrationen av det .u 10 15 20 25 30 35 455 309 5 ytaktiva medlet så är den i allmänhet rätt låg, dvs l,5~3,5% beräknad på mikroemsulsionens totalvikt.Regarding the necessary concentration of the surfactant, it is generally quite low, i.e. 1.5 ~ 3.5% calculated on the total weight of the microemulsion.
Uppfinningen förklaras närmare utan att begränsas med hjälp av följande exempel.The invention is explained in more detail without being limited by the following examples.
Bsaesil Det använda ytaktiva medlet är N-butyryl~a-amino- -natriumstearat.Bsaesil The surfactant used is N-butyryl-α-amino-sodium stearate.
Cl8H37-çH~COONa NHCOCHZCHZCHB som även kan benämnas stearyl-l-butyramid-l-natrium- acetat. 1,7 viktdelar av denna förening blandas med 8,8 delar absolut etanol och l del vatten. Denna blandning tillsättes till 88,5 delar vanlig bilbensin (petroleum- destillat med kokpunkt mellan 20° och 200°C); det hela omröres i 3 min. Man konstaterar då att en homogen, klar isotrop Vätska bildats. Det på detta sätt erhållna bränslet förblir stabilt under månader, vid temperaturer från 0” upp till 40°C.Cl8H37-çH-COONa NHCOCHZCHZCHB which may also be called stearyl-1-butyramide-1-sodium acetate. 1.7 parts by weight of this compound are mixed with 8.8 parts of absolute ethanol and 1 part of water. This mixture is added to 88.5 parts of ordinary car petrol (petroleum distillate with a boiling point between 20 ° and 200 ° C); the whole is stirred for 3 min. It is then established that a homogeneous, clear isotropic liquid has formed. The fuel thus obtained remains stable for months, at temperatures from 0 ”up to 40 ° C.
Exempel_2:l En blandning av tvà salter av N-acyl-a-aminosyra användes här som ytaktivt medel. Det första av dessa båda är N-butyryl-u-amino~natriumstearat (här nedan betecknat C18) från exemplet l. Det andra är dokosyl- -l-butyramid-l-natriumacetat C22H45-CH-COONa NHCOCH2CH2CH3 eller N-butyryl-a-amino-natriumdokosanoat; detta sist- nämnda betecknas härefter C22. I enlighet med arbets- metoden i exemplet l beredes en serie bränslemikroemul- sioner genom att såväl proportionerna mellan de två ytaktiva medlen C18 och C22 som naturen och andelen av alkoholen varieras. 455 309 l0 15 20 25 30 35 6 Viktprocenttalen för beståndsdelarna av den erhållna stabila mikroemulsionen anges i den följande tabellen.Example 2: A mixture of two salts of N-acyl-α-amino acid is used here as a surfactant. The first of these two is N-butyryl-u-amino-sodium stearate (hereinafter referred to as C18) from Example 1. The second is docosyl-1-butyramide-1-sodium acetate C22H45-CH-COONa NHCOCH2CH2CH3 or N-butyryl-a -amino-sodium docosanoate; the latter is hereinafter referred to as C22. In accordance with the working method in Example 1, a series of fuel microemulsions are prepared by varying the proportions between the two surfactants C18 and C22 as well as the nature and proportion of the alcohol. 455 309 10 15 20 25 30 35 6 The weight percentages of the constituents of the obtained stable microemulsion are given in the following table.
Tabell l Ex. Förhållande % ytaktivt Alkohol % Vatten Bensin nr C18/C22 nedel 2 10/90 2,7 Etyl-2-hexanol 1,8 ^ 9 81,5 + netanol 5,0 3 20/80 2,25 Etyl-2-hexanol 2,25 9 81,5 + netamol 5,0 4 20/80 2,74 Etyl-2-hexanol 1,82 9,24 83,2 + netanol 3 5 20/80 2,74 Etyl-2-hexanol 1,82 9,24 83,2 + etanol 3 20/80 3,20 Isobutanol 4,6 9,2 83 20/80 3,20 Isobutanol 4,1 9,2 83 + etanol 0,5 De erhållna bränslena, som alla innehåller ca 9% vatten, uppvisar utmärkt stabilitet mellan 10 och 40°C.Table l Ex. Ratio% surfactant Alcohol% Water Petrol No. C18 / C22 part 2 10/90 2.7 Ethyl-2-hexanol 1.8 ^ 9 81.5 + netanol 5.0 3 20/80 2.25 Ethyl-2-hexanol 2 , 8 9 81.5 + netamol 5.0 4 20/80 2.74 Ethyl-2-hexanol 1.82 9.24 83.2 + netanol 3 5 20/80 2.74 Ethyl-2-hexanol 1.82 9.24 83.2 + ethanol 3 20/80 3.20 Isobutanol 4.6 9.2 83 20/80 3.20 Isobutanol 4.1 9.2 83 + ethanol 0.5 The fuels obtained, all of which contain approx. 9% water, shows excellent stability between 10 and 40 ° C.
ELQIEEEQ Man använder en blandning av N-butyryl-a-amino- -natriumdokosanoat med N~butyryl-a-amino-natriumhexa- kosanoat C26H53-ÉH-COONa NHCOCHZCHZCH3 i det följande betecknat C26.ELQIEEEQ A mixture of N-butyryl-α-amino-sodium docosanoate with N-butyryl-α-amino-sodium hexacosanoate C26H53-EH-COONa NHCOCHZCHZCH3 hereinafter referred to as C26 is used.
Med de föregående exemplens teknik beredes en emulsion sammansatt av: Ytaktivt medel C22 1,6 vikt% Ytaktivt medel C26 1,6 vikt% Bensylamin 4,6 vikt% Vatten 9,2 vikt% Bensin 83,0 vikt% Det så erhållna bränslet, som innehåller bensyl- amin i stället för alkohol, innehåller mera än 9% vatten, det är stabilt och ger goda resultat i motorer. n» 10 15 455 3509 ÉÄÉEBÉl_2 Med emulsionen enligt exempel 8 identiska emul- sioner erhålles med ett förhållande av de ytaktiva medlen C22/C26 = 30/70.Using the technique of the previous examples, an emulsion is prepared composed of: Surfactant C22 1.6% by weight Surfactant C26 1.6% by weight Benzylamine 4.6% by weight Water 9.2% by weight Petrol 83.0% by weight The fuel thus obtained, which contains benzylamine instead of alcohol, contains more than 9% water, it is stable and gives good results in engines. n »10 15 455 3509 ÉÄÉEBÉl_2 With the emulsion according to Example 8 identical emulsions are obtained with a ratio of the surfactants C22 / C26 = 30/70.
ExemQel_lQ Bränslet enligt exemplet 3 som innehåller vatten och alkohol användes för att mata en motor med en cylindervolym av 1200 ml och som drives med ett medel- varvtal av 2600 r/min. Jämförelseförsök är gjorda med enbart bensinen utan vatten och utan alkohol.ExemQel_lQ The fuel according to Example 3 which contains water and alcohol was used to feed an engine with a cylinder volume of 1200 ml and which is operated at an average speed of 2600 rpm. Comparative experiments have been made with only petrol without water and without alcohol.
Bränslet enligt exemplet 3 resulterade i en förbrukning av 8 liter per 100 km mot 9,3 liter för enbart bensin som bränsle.The fuel according to example 3 resulted in a consumption of 8 liters per 100 km against 9.3 liters for petrol alone as fuel.
CO-halten i avgasen är 0,3% mot l,2% vid använd- ning av enbart bensin.The CO content of the exhaust gas is 0.3% compared to 1.2% when using only petrol.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8109738A FR2505866A1 (en) | 1981-05-15 | 1981-05-15 | IMPROVED FUEL BASED ON HYDROCARBONS CONTAINING ALCOHOL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE8203055L SE8203055L (en) | 1982-11-16 |
| SE455309B true SE455309B (en) | 1988-07-04 |
Family
ID=9258515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8203055A SE455309B (en) | 1981-05-15 | 1982-05-14 | FUEL CONSIDERED BY A MICROEMULSION OF THE WATER AND ALCOHOL IN A CARBON-containing liquid |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5829891A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE893157A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8202798A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1168872A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH651313A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3218349A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK150629C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2505866A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2101628B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1151757B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8201948A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO821611L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE455309B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60166389A (en) * | 1984-02-09 | 1985-08-29 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Fluidity improver for fuel oil |
| JPS61152795A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-11 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Additive for hydrocarbon-alcohol mixed fuel |
| DE3529869A1 (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1987-02-26 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR HYDROPHOBIZING LEATHER AND FURS |
| ES2189672B1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2004-11-16 | Industrial Management S.A. | ADDITIVES TO IMPROVE COMBUSTION IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND BOILERS. |
| CN105238467B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-07-07 | 广西师范学院 | diesel oil microemulsion and preparation method thereof |
| CN105238468B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-03-22 | 广西师范学院 | Kerosene micro-emulsion and preparation method thereof |
| CN105238469B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-24 | 广西师范学院 | gasoline micro-emulsion and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3876391A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1975-04-08 | Texaco Inc | Process of preparing novel micro emulsions |
| FR2440773B1 (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1982-03-12 | Elf Aquitaine | AQUEOUS MICROEMULSIONS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES |
-
1981
- 1981-05-15 FR FR8109738A patent/FR2505866A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-05-06 CH CH2794/82A patent/CH651313A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-12 GB GB08213816A patent/GB2101628B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-12 IT IT21209/82A patent/IT1151757B/en active
- 1982-05-12 NL NL8201948A patent/NL8201948A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-05-12 BE BE0/208069A patent/BE893157A/en unknown
- 1982-05-14 SE SE8203055A patent/SE455309B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-14 NO NO821611A patent/NO821611L/en unknown
- 1982-05-14 DK DK219682A patent/DK150629C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-14 DE DE19823218349 patent/DE3218349A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-05-14 JP JP57080324A patent/JPS5829891A/en active Pending
- 1982-05-14 BR BR8202798A patent/BR8202798A/en unknown
- 1982-05-14 CA CA000402987A patent/CA1168872A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK150629B (en) | 1987-04-27 |
| CH651313A5 (en) | 1985-09-13 |
| FR2505866A1 (en) | 1982-11-19 |
| CA1168872A (en) | 1984-06-12 |
| JPS5829891A (en) | 1983-02-22 |
| DK219682A (en) | 1982-11-16 |
| GB2101628B (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| FR2505866B1 (en) | 1984-07-20 |
| NL8201948A (en) | 1982-12-01 |
| BR8202798A (en) | 1983-04-26 |
| IT1151757B (en) | 1986-12-24 |
| BE893157A (en) | 1982-11-12 |
| SE8203055L (en) | 1982-11-16 |
| GB2101628A (en) | 1983-01-19 |
| DK150629C (en) | 1987-12-14 |
| NO821611L (en) | 1982-11-16 |
| IT8221209A0 (en) | 1982-05-12 |
| DE3218349A1 (en) | 1982-12-02 |
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