RU34306U1 - SEEDER - Google Patents

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to machines for sowing with pneumatic transportation of seeds to the coulters.

Known seeder, consisting of a hopper, sowing apparatus and a pneumatic system for transporting seeds to the coulters (Klenin NI, Sakun VA Agricultural and reclamation machines. - M .: Kolos, 1994. S. 232 ... 233).

One of the drawbacks of this seeder is that the seeds fall to the bottom of the grooves made by the seeder opener, continue to move along the row length (jump) under the action of inertia forces. This is especially noticeable with a dense bed.

Thus, there is a problem of fixing the seeds at the moment of their contact with the bottom of the sowing groove.

A seeder is also known, which includes a copying wheel, a coulter, a sowing wheel, zagotachki, a packer roller located sequentially on the sowing section (Prototype Chichkin V.P. Vegetable seeders and combined units. Theory, design, calculation. Chisinau "SHTIIZTSA, 1984. p. 59 ... 61).

The seeder has several disadvantages.

After passing the coulter, the soil crumbles to the bottom of the seed furrow from the walls. In view of the fact that moist soil has a higher stickiness than dry soil, dry, more dried soil often gets on sown seeds, which worsens the conditions of germination. Then the sowing groove is filled up with zagrotachami and rolled in a skating rink.

20051 1

MPK A01S7 / 00

SEEDER

conditions for weed seeds: their contact with the soil improves, moisture is tightened, the soil warms up better.

In addition, the aeration for sown seeds is deteriorating.

Currently, the gap between pre-sowing tillage and sowing is two to three or more days. During this time, weeds manage to get ahead of cultivated plants in the development and it becomes difficult to combat them with agrotechnical, environmentally friendly methods. It is necessary to combine sowing with loosening the soil and the destruction of weeds. To save energy costs, soil treatment should be carried out only in the row area, for which special working bodies are needed.

In dry weather, the problem of sowing especially small-seeded crops arises, the depth of which does not exceed 3 ... 4 cm. In this layer of moisture is not enough, and from a greater depth seedlings may not break through to the surface.

When the soil is lumpy, the copying wheel of the section jumps along the lumps, leading to instability of the sowing depth. To eliminate this, they complicate the design and put a lump in front of the section.

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed model is to improve the conditions for swelling and germination of seeds, increase the friendliness of the emergence of seedlings, due to the sowing section. The sowing section consists of a parallelogram mechanism with a bed, on which the copying wheels in the form of a ring-spur roller are sequentially placed, the coulter includes a chisel-like paw, on which right- and left-sided plane-cutting openers are symmetrically installed in the horizontal plane, and in parallel in the vertical plane, while the lower part of the chisel paws mounted vertically knife. Providing good seed contact with the soil, the possibility of rapid penetration of germinal roots into the moisture-rich soil layer along the crevice gap and improve aeration due to the loose layer above the seeds.

The essence of the utility model consists in the fact that the sowing section of the seeder consists of a parallelogram mechanism, a coulter including a chisel paw, on which the right- and left-sided plane-cutting openers are symmetrically mounted in the horizontal plane, and in the vertical - parallel cheeks, between which the filling organ is placed in in the form of a wheel, while the lower part of the wheel is 10 mm below the blade of the chisel paw.

The cheeks in the lower back are cut at an acute angle. The vas deferens in the end part is narrowed in the transverse plane. A knife is pivotally mounted in the lower part of the chisel paw.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a seeder, side view;

In Fig 2 - sowing section, top view;

In Fig 3 is a diagram of the installation of a knife on a chisel paw;

In Fig 4 - arrangement of the end part of the opener above the slot;

On Fig 5 - cheek, side view;

In Fig. 6 is a sowing diagram;

The seeder includes a frame 1 (Fig. 1) with support wheels 2. A seed hopper 3 is installed on the frame 1, inside which a metering device 4 and a tedder are placed 5. The pneumatic seed transport system consists of, a compressor 6, a distribution head 7, an air duct 8, and also the seed tube 9 and the coulters 10. The section includes a parallelogram mechanism 11 with a bed 12, on which a ring-spur copy wheel 13, a chisel paw 14 with two plane-cutting openers fixed to it, are placed: right-hand 15 (figure 2) and left-hand 16. Bolts with nuts 17 on both sides of the legs 15 and 16 in the vertical plane fasten two cheeks 18 and 19 parallel to each other, between which the wheel 20 is located. The axis of the wheel 20 is attached to the cheeks 18 and 19 so that the lower part of the wheel 20 is on 10 mm below the blade of the chisel paw 14. Wheel diameter 20 200 ... 250 mm rim width 20 ... 25 mm. Behind the chisel paw 14

the vas deferens is located 9. On the cheeks 18, 19 in the rear leg of the lower part of the wheel 20 is installed a scraper 21, a. at the end of the section, a loop 22. A groove 23 is made in the lower rear part of the chisel paw 14 (Fig. 3), in which a vertical knife 24 is placed that can be rotated relative to the hinge 25. A plate 26 attached to the rear end of the chisel paw 14 moves up and down , fixing the knife 24 in the working and non-working position.

The co-worker 9 of the co-worker 10 (FIG. 4) is narrowed in the end part 27, the cheeks 18, 19 (FIG. 3) are cut off at an acute angle p in the rear lower part, and the chamfer is removed on the front side from the outside.

The technological process performed by the seeder is as follows.

When the seeder moves, the ring-spur wheel 13 destroys the lumps of soil in the sowing zone and compacts it at the depth of seed placement. The chisel paw 14 makes a sowing groove 28 (Fig. 6), 10 mm less than the sowing depth L, and the plane-cutting openers 15 and 16 located on it cut the weeds 29 present in the protective zones. A vertical knife 24 cuts a sowing slot 30 at the bottom of the sowing groove 28. In the upper part of the ordinar fissure 30 is wider than in the lower. Seeds 31 enter the air stream from the vas deferens 9. The slider drives the wheel 20, covers the seeds with soil, bringing the depth of their location to the sowing depth “hn. In view of the fact that the rear lower part of the cheeks 18, 19 is cut off at an acute angle (3, the first, the wetter part of the wall of the sowing groove 28 (a, b) begins to crumble after passing the cheeks 18, 19 (Fig. 5), and the last upper dry soil (c, d). Mulching of the sowing groove 28 with a loose layer of soil 32 is carried out by a plume 22.

Thus, agrotechnical requirements are realized: each seed must have a hard bed and a soft blanket.

Example 1

To determine the necessary difference in depth between the blade with a chisel paw 14 and the lower part of the wheel 20, an experiment was conducted (Table 1)

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Table 1. The proportion of contact of the surface of seeds with soil.

As can be seen from the table, starting from 10 mm, the fraction of the contact of the surface of the seed with the soil is 83.3%, and when it is placed in the slot, it is 100%. Therefore, the difference between the blade of the chisel paw 14 and the lower part of the wheel 20 in the vertical plane equal to 10 mm is accepted.

Example 2

In laboratory conditions, the emergence of seedlings was found to be friendly when sowing without a seedling gap 30 and with a slot 30. It was found that cutting the seedling gap 30 under seeds 31 increased the emergence rate of seedlings for beets by 21%, sunflower seeds by 32%. The embryonic roots freely penetrate into the cleft 30 and reach the zone of stable moistening faster.

Field laboratory tests showed that the coulter 10 is not clogged with crop residues when sowing with minimal tillage, while the other coulters are clogged. This is because the toe from the rack of the chisel paws 14 is located at a distance of more than 200 mm In view of the fact that the indentation of seeds by rolling is carried out in the zone closed by the cheeks 18, 19, crop residues that are negatively do not fall into the sowing groove 28

affect seed germination 31. According to agrotechnical requirements, the presence of crop residues in the sowing groove 28 is not allowed. Open rear rolling feeds crop residues into the furrow 28.

Seeds 31 are delivered by air to the seed slot 30, which excludes their movement along the bottom of the sowing groove 28. A high degree of contact of seeds 31 with the soil accelerates their swelling and germination. Simultaneously with sowing, weeds 29 are destroyed in row zones. The ring-spur wheel 14 and plane-cutting openers 15, 16 create a loose soil layer 32 above the seeds, which provides good aeration and creates unfavorable conditions for weeds 29.

Authors: Ж4 | - Rudenko S / T f

A.V. Matveev

A.A. Korobkin P.A. Nazarkov

Claims (3)

1. A seeder, including a frame with support wheels, a hopper with a metering device, a pneumatic seed transportation system, sowing sections, characterized in that the sowing section consists of a parallelogram mechanism with a bed, on which the copying wheels in the form of a ring-spur wheel, a coulter are sequentially placed including a chisel paw on which right- and left-sided plane-cutting openers are symmetrically installed in the horizontal plane, and in the vertical - parallel cheeks, between which p A closing body is arranged in the form of a wheel, the lower part of the wheel being 10 mm below the blade of the chisel paw, while a vertical knife is pivotally mounted in the lower part of the chisel paw. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the vas deferens in the end part is narrowed in the transverse plane. 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the cheeks in the rear lower part are cut at an acute angle.