RU2816641C1 - Method of constructing airship bridge over canyon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of constructing a bridge over gorges. Suspension of the bridge is carried out by means of ropes to airships. For fastening of edge airships of the bridge, stool-shaped sections are used, the horizontal legs of which are inserted into pits in the bank of the ravine, dug by industrial climbers. For nutless attachment of bridge grids of neighbouring airships to each other, folding additional sections on hinges are used, in horizontal holes on hemp-like projections of which fastening crowbars are inserted. Hemp-like ledges are arranged in the holes of the opposite section of the bridge of the adjacent airship and are pinched by the fastening bars. One fastening scrap holds two hemp-like protrusions together. If there is a difference in the height of the connected banks, the bridge is made inclined.

EFFECT: possibility of erection of bridge in hard-to-reach areas, reduction of weight of bridge, possibility of adjustment of its length.

8 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to floating bridges E01D 15/14 and devices for holding airships at a given height B64B 1/44, as well as devices for mooring airships B64B 1/66.

(1) A combined lighter-than-air aircraft is known (according to the patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2318697 according to application 2006104265/11 dated February 13, 2006), which has, among other things, four compartments with lifting gas of adjustable volume, the volume of each compartment is regulated by an electric motor with an extension of the threaded shaft protruding beyond its limits and a bearing nut with a thread corresponding to the shaft; the bearing nut is movably connected to the shell. The electric motor shaft rotates, the bearing nut is twisted or screwed, the shell contracts or expands. The shaft is surrounded by a bellows, isolating it from the gas in the shell. This allows you to change the volume of the airship shell. The gondola is equipped with an electronic system for changing the flight altitude depending on its direction relative to the Earth's magnetic field.

The disadvantages of the described device are 1) the dependence of the flight altitude on the flight direction, which is convenient for transport airships, but not convenient for bridge-carrying airships, which must be actively maneuvered before installing the bridge, 2) the device is not suitable for carrying and joining bridge sections.

(2) A known system for maneuvering an airship in a vertical plane (according to the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 19813 according to application 2001100905 dated January 9, 2001), containing the shell of a ballastless airship, divided into isolated compartments located on opposite sides of a plane passing through the center of gravity, characterized in that along the median sagittal plane of the shell there is a constant-volume compartment filled with lifting gas, and the compartments to the left and right of it are made in the form of cells, most of which have movable pistons controlled by an electromechanical system and compensating for the absence of elevators on the tail of the airship , while the space on both sides of the pistons contains lifting gas, but the gas pressure in the compressible part of the cell significantly exceeds the pressure in its incompressible part, and the pressure in the incompressible part is equal to the pressure in the middle compartment communicating with it.

In addition, the main element of the electromechanical system is two telescopically folding cylinders with a common bottom, serving as a center of symmetry, and with return springs, while the ends of the cylinders farthest from the center of symmetry are attached in the first to the cell piston and a flexible branch of the air duct, in the second - to the wall of the middle compartment and air duct pipe, elements of the electromechanical system are also a closed air duct, close in diameter to the average diameter of the cylinders, including a cylinder with a pump and a pipe supplying compressed air to the cylinders of the cells; elements in the air duct of each compartment also serve as a nozzle controlled by an electromechanical relay with an electromagnet, core and a return spring and two dampers with an electric motor driven by the same relay, which consists of two electrical circuits: the first includes a battery of photodiodes and a control winding, the second includes injectors and electric motors in the compartments, a capacitor battery, a fixed contact and a magnetized ferromagnetic element that closes it , held in the center of the control winding using a magnet - in this case, three batteries of photodiodes of three types of relays that regulate the operation of three types of compartments are placed under the shutter of the compass needle or under one of two level gauges, and the light hits the photodiodes through a slot in the compass needle or a bubble, respectively air in the opaque liquid of level gauges, half the number of photodiodes in the battery is equal to the number of sections of any of the telescopically folding cylinders, while the air in each pair of cylinders is supplied and removed from them through slots in flat annular dampers rotating under the action of an electric motor flywheel, the edges of the slots are bent over the edges air ducts, and the slots themselves are located at an equal distance from the center of the damper and on its opposite sides, two on one damper, occupying a quarter of the length of the circular arc that includes them and alternately opening access to two air outlet branches and two air injection branches into the cylinders.

The disadvantage of the described design is that the electronics are not very reliable, but the very principle of quickly changing the volume of cells using pistons with a change in the altitude of the airship deserves attention.

(3) A transformable airship for use as a temple and a concert hall with mooring facilities and a method for its transformation are known. Patent for invention No. 2746962 according to application for invention No. 2020125029/11 (043355) dated July 20, 2020), which contains cables of adjustable winding length, wound on electric motor shafts, which makes it possible to reduce the volume of the shell without reducing the mass of lifting gas inside, during the transformation of the airship . The invention also describes fastenings to the ground in an arbitrary location and a method for installing them.

A transformable airship for use as a temple and a concert hall with mooring means, containing the first and second parts of the shell with a carrier gas and mooring means, and it is equipped with a supporting frame with fans oriented vertically and horizontally, a remote control unit, a video camera and a battery, a supporting frame made of flat extended perforated plates, the first part of the shell is made with a perforated ring, the second part of the shell is made with the ability to be pulled inside the first when landing, a perforated ring of the first part of the shell is attached to the said frame on hinges, a room is attached to the frame on four vertical slats, the floor of which has legs for support on the ground when landing and a canvas roof with a drainpipe in the center opening at the bottom of the side wall of the room, the means for mooring include rings of cables designed to cling with unlockable outer connecting rings to massive rings at the upper ends of rods driven deep into the ground and consisting of sections screwed together, as well as behind trucks by wrapping a cable around the base of the cabin and the car body to form a loop with the connection of the rings on the descending and ascending parts of the loop using unlockable outer connecting rings.

A transformable airship for use as a temple and a concert hall with mooring facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that the performance room is an altar, has a solea, a pulpit, railings, an iconostasis at the front during landing, at the back during flight, the side walls of the altar consist of opaque fabrics stretched over vertical slats with which the floor of the altar is attached to the frame, the back wall during landing, which is also the front wall in flight, consists of a transparent film, the iconostasis consists of fabric with icons embroidered on it, has boxes of the royal, northern and southern gates, doors the gates consist of fabric stretched over frames with embroidered icons, tightly fitted legs of the throne, altar and seven-branched candlestick are inserted into the recesses in the floor, a box is inserted into a square hole in the floor under the throne, with sides tightly fitted to the indentations of the floor around the hole, the lid of the box is tightly adjusted to the indentations of the walls of the box, a foundation stone is installed in the box, tightly adjusted to the dimensions of the box, with particles of the relics of the saint, in the altar there is a wardrobe for clothes, the walls and doors of which consist of frames with fabric stretched over them, on the front plane of the iconostasis they are fixed to boxes the gates are sound speakers, the front one during landing, which is also the rear one in flight, the edge of the canvas roof is sewn to the upper edge of the fabric of the iconostasis, the rear one during landing and the side edges of the canvas roof are sewn to the upper edge of the fabric of the walls of the altar and to the supporting frame of the airship.

A transformable airship for use as a temple and a concert hall with mooring facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that the performance room is a stage, white wall fabrics are stretched onto vertical slats holding the floor with the ability to broadcast video and photographic images of the scenery onto the fabric, in the walls there are door frames with doors made of frames with white fabric stretched over them, sound speakers are attached to the front vertical slats, on the rear slats of the airship frame, which is the front when landing, lighting spotlights are attached, the curtain has two curtains - an upper and a lower one, attached to the floor, with the possibility of hooking the side ends of the curtain with loops onto the nails on the slats holding the floor, the floor of the stage in front has steps, when landing under the cover of the shell, the benches of the auditorium are installed, each bench for the audience consists of two short boards, on the upper corners of which they are laid and secured there are two duralumin pipes on them with screws, between which the seat fabric is stretched, on the floor of the stage there are rings attached to it by the ears with the possibility of tying benches and decorations in flight to the floor with ropes, the front one when landing, it is also the rear one in flight, the edge of the canvas roof is stretched between the side slats of the airship frame, the rear during landing and the side edges of the canvas roof are sewn to the fabric of the stage walls and the slats of the airship frame.

A method of using a transforming airship, characterized by the fact that at the landing site, long rods with massive rings at the upper ends, consisting of foldable sections, are driven in at right angles to the intended location of the tensioned cables, trucks are placed near the landing site, and the rear half of the shell is pulled into the front with the volume of the shell reduced by approximately ¾ without taking into account the volume of the shell protrusions, the airship is planted on the ground, the rings of the airship's cables are detached from the side lugs of the floor by opening the outer connecting rings, they are pulled by the cables, the cables are pulled and the rings of the cables are connected with the outer connecting rings to the massive rings of the rods, driven into the ground, they cover the base of the cabin and the car body with some cables to form a loop with the connection of the rings on the descending and ascending parts of the loop using openable outer connecting rings.

A method of transforming an airship, in which the locks that lock the gates are opened, the objects necessary for performing the liturgy are brought from the car to the altar and under the cover of the airship shell, after the completion of the rituals the locks of the gates are closed, and religious objects are taken to the cars.

A method of transforming an airship in which the curtain is opened, the ropes are untied from the rings attached to the floor of the stage, and the tied benches for spectators and decorations are released, the benches are placed under the cover of the shell, the decorations are placed, tables with projection devices are supplied, where electricity is needed, upon completion performers disconnect electrical cables and extension cords, carry benches and decorations onto the stage and tie them with ropes to the floor rings, close the curtain, loop the side edges of the curtain onto the nails on the front vertical slats holding the floor.

The disadvantage of the airship is its narrow specialization for use as a temple and concert hall. The list of purposes for airships can be expanded, where the volume of the shell is regulated within a wide range without changing the mass of gas inside the shell and attachments to the ground are used in an arbitrary location.

(4) A high-altitude airship is known (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2662593 according to application No. 2017129291 dated August 17, 2017), which has a semi-rigid structure, tail, nose reinforcement, inner and outer shells, the layer between which is filled with air, while the inner shell is divided into compartments and filled with carrier gas, characterized in that it contains at least two longitudinal lateral rigid elements connected in the aft part to the tail, and in the bow part with bow reinforcement, the inner shell has external lateral catenary belts around the perimeter, connected by cables with longitudinal lateral rigid elements, while the lower part of the inner shell to the level of the outer catenary belts is made with the ability to change the volume from 5% to 100% of the total volume.

In addition, the inner shell additionally contains internal catenary belts and ties.

The disadvantage of the described airship is that it is only suitable for free flight and cannot be fixed and used for the passage of vehicles as a bridge.

(5) A device is known for protecting an airship from side winds (according to the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 104537 according to application No. 2010154845/11 (079334) dated December 31, 2010), including fan blades remote from close contact with the body, characterized in that that a pair of electric fans are located at the ends of the mast pipe under and above the airship body, each fan is attached to a weather vane flag mounted on a rotating cover at the end of the pipe so that the fan inlet and the flag are F-shaped with the possibility of rotating the fan in the direction blowing wind.

In addition, each fan is equipped with a wind-catching shield, connected to a rheostat slider in the fan power supply circuit using a horizontal rod; the rod rests on a spring, which is compressed as the wind force increases, with the possibility of shifting the slider as the wind force increases, reducing the resistance of the rheostat and increasing fan rotation speed.

In addition, the wire supplying current to the electric fan penetrates into the pipe through a hole in the rotating cover and has a brush contact with the disk, which mostly consists of conductive material and is connected to the continuation of the current supply wire, the smaller part facing the tail of the airship consists of dielectric material with the possibility of disconnecting the described contact and stopping the rotation of the electric fan blades when a tailwind blows from behind the airship.

In addition, the walls of the pipe-mast are not solid, but are formed by a strong mesh of individual rods and rings, and only at the ends of the pipe is it made of all-metal.

In addition, there can be only one pipe-mast and pass through the center of mass of the airship.

In addition, there can be an even number of mast pipes, and they are arranged in pairs symmetrically relative to the center of mass.

In addition, there can be an odd number of mast pipes, one located at the center of mass, and the rest in pairs symmetrically relative to the center of mass.

The device's shortcomings are not discussed; it is proposed to expand the arsenal of tools where it can be used.

(6) A folding trestle for loading and unloading cars and vans is known (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2691485 according to application No. 2018117620/11 (027491) dated 05/11/2018), including several sections, means for moving folded and retracted sections into the working a position for moving cargo along them, which is part of the wall of the vehicle in a folded position, characterized in that there are two, three or more sections of the overpass, they have wheels and corresponding gutters with the ability of the overlying sections to roll along the underlying sections, the sections have side ribs, with which the overlying sections cover the underlying sections from the sides and bottom, in the upper section the side ribs reach a third or half the length of the underlying sections, the sections have protrusions that protect them from sliding off each other in the longitudinal direction and have cutouts for the passage of wheels, the lower section is connected with a loop to a threshold located on the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass, along the lower edge of the clearance, blocked by the overpass in the folded and retracted state, the threshold has a cutout for installing the edges of the sections of the overpass in the folded and retracted state, the upper edge of the threshold and the lateral upper edges of the upper section of the overpass are equipped with folding plates on hinges, the middle or middle sections are equipped with an inclined plate for moving the load wheels onto the underlying section, all sections except the top are made of lattice with the size of empty cells much smaller than a person’s foot, the top section is equipped with two loops for tying two cables stretched from two winches, to on the shafts of which the second ends of the cables are fixed, and which are attached to the ceiling of the vehicle carrying the overpass, through two loops attached to the ceiling of the vehicle carrying the overpass, the middle or middle and lower sections are equipped with supports with adjustable length with the ability to remove the supports and secure them with hooks - clamps in the space between the sections and under the lower section, the upper section has no supports, the overpass is designed to be in three states: in a folded and retracted state, when it serves as the wall of a vehicle, in a partially open state for loading and unloading at the same level with A T-shaped stopper is installed on the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass in a fully open state for loading and unloading from a level below the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass in a partially open state.

The disadvantages of the overpass are not discussed; it is proposed to use the lattice floor for a new purpose, for the construction of a floating bridge overpass.

(7) A balloon is known (according to the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 17166 according to application 2000122893/20 dated July 20, 2000), containing a container attached to it and mooring cables with rings at the ends to hold it, characterized in that the container is made in in the form of a cargo container with doors and a lifting ladder, with a streamlined protruding part, and the cables are of the same length. In addition, the balloon is equipped with a mooring plate with means for fastening the balloon in the form of hooks, into the head of which transverse rods with a bent end are inserted, passing through a hole in the small cheek of the hook with the possibility of fixing the rod in the position with the bent end down and exiting in the position with the bent end up, and the hole in the large cheek of the hook is made smaller than the bent end with the possibility of fixing the transverse rod. In addition, the balloon can be equipped with a mooring plate and a streamlined casing attached to it for protection from atmospheric current, which has doors that fix the balloon cables with rings in a position thrown over the hooks of the mooring plate.

The disadvantage of the described design is that the mooring plate is attached to a vehicle, which is heavier than the container balloon, and the balloon is also not capable of independent movement, including in the vertical plane, it moves after the vehicle.

(8) A balloon is known (according to the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 19283 according to application No. 2001104967/20 dated February 21, 2001) containing a container attached to it and mooring ropes with rings to hold it, characterized in that the container is made in the form tanks with one or more closable drain holes, with a streamlined protruding part, and the cables are of the same length. In addition, each balloon cable has several rings located on different cables at regular intervals from their ends. In addition, the room inside the balloon shell is divided into two compartments: the upper one with the lifting gas and the lower one with the tank, while the tank is connected by jumpers to the outer shell, and the drain holes are located opposite the hatches in the balloon shell. In addition, in the outer shell there are recesses for installing pumps that regulate the pressure of the lifting gas, covered by external hatches. In addition, the drain holes in the tank are installed on stepped hatches that turn out from its walls. In addition, the wall of the tank next to the through drain hole has a blind hole with a thread, and underneath there is a rotating damper disk, which also has a through drain hole, and which is connected by a hoop-shaped clamp-holder to the tank wall; on the outside of the disk there is a handle, for which it rotates around an axial rod inserted into a hole in the wall of the tank, and which sets the through hole of the disk under the through hole of the wall, the disk also has ring-shaped protrusions in the form of rollers on the side of the tank, opposite which there are corresponding recesses in the tank wall, a drain hole The disk has a thread for screwing in one end of a tube with an external thread, the other end of which is closed with a screw cap, which in turn can be attached with a chain to the body of the tank or balloon, while the damper disk is fixed with the drain hole closed by screwing the tube into a blind hole with a thread. In addition, the balloon can be equipped with a mooring plate with holes and with means of fastening the balloon in the form of hooks with chains containing hooks at the free end, with the possibility of fixing the hook in the hole of the hook, since the width of this hole in the lower part is less than the width of the hook head, and there is more of it at the top. In addition, the balloon can be equipped with a mooring plate with holes and with fastening means in the form of latches and lugs for retractable latches, while the latch has cutouts in the body for moving the latch handle, by which it moves under the latch body and along it or is fixedly fixed in retracted and extended states with the possibility of fixing the cable rings under the latch in the extended position due to the fastening of the latch at the required height above the platform level or due to the presence of a recess in the platform under the fastening point, while the latch handle may have a clamp in the form of a hook rotating on a rod passed through bolt heads with screws securing the latch body to the platform. In addition, the means for fastening the balloon cable rings can be located under the fairings, made in the form of two quarter-spheres or other streamlined halves, one of which is fixedly attached to the platform, and the second is hinged; when moving, the fairing maintains its integrity due to the presence of locks and holes for the cable between the edges of the quarter spheres. In addition, the tank may have impenetrable partitions dividing it into independent compartments with their own drain holes.

The disadvantage of the described design is that the mooring plate is attached to a vehicle, which is heavier than the tank balloon, and the balloon is not capable of independent movement, including in the vertical plane, it moves after the vehicle.

(9) There is a known method for joining the river parts of floating railway bridges of the MLZh-VF-VT ribbon bridge and the hinged-cantilever system bridge made of ferries on separate floating supports NZhM-56 (according to RF patent No. 2692363 according to application No. 2018104028 dated 1.02.2018 g.), characterized by the use of structural elements that ensure the joint operation of bridges of different systems when passing a moving load, on the joint section MLZh-VF-VT along five river links with additional pontoons of grade P with the installation of liners for a longitudinal joint device of grade MT9 and on the joint section NZhM -56 twin pontoons under the sections of the spans, as well as the coupling of the river parts of the bridges into a single floating system through a special connecting beam on bolts to the section of the span NZhM-56 through flanged angles and L-shaped linings and by means of longitudinal fastening rods of the MLZH-VF pontoons- VT and NZhM-56 to each other, ensuring the connection and transfer of the railway passage from a high level on the NZhM superstructure to a lower level of the MLZh-VF-VT deck by installing ramp blocks on pontoons of the PR brand, combined with the connecting beam and among themselves by means of flange blocks , as well as with the river part of the MLZH-VF-VT through special beams for fastening the ramp, which are thinned pontoons of the BPR, BP, BK brands and ribbons of the corresponding brands built between the standard (inventory) pontoons of the bridge (PR, P, K), as well as ensuring end-to-end passage of wheeled and tracked vehicles from the NZhM-56 road passage to the MLZh-VF-VT pontoon deck by installing a shortened section of the road passage between the bridges of different systems and installing a ramp on the MLZh-VF-VT pontoon deck for entry of wheeled and tracked vehicles onto level of road passage NZhM-56.

The disadvantage of ramps is that they have a lot of weight, which is not significant when the pontoons carrying them are immersed in water, but when air-based, ramps will require additional volumes of the shell with lifting gas to create an Archimedean force, so as not to reduce the payload of vehicles passing over the bridge. Also, the air bridge will not support railway equipment and tanks, or huge volumes of the airship shell will be required, which will complicate the use of the structure.

(10) The hybrid transport system “Tug” is known (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2566455 according to application No. 2014144049/11 dated October 30, 2014), containing a balloon and a towing helicopter connected to it, characterized in that it contains a supporting frame with a platform for a helicopter, in which fastening elements are built-in to hold the helicopter on the platform, a stiffening frame is mounted in the middle part of the supporting frame for power retention, balloons placed horizontally in it in the amount of at least three and made with the ability to fill them with lighter-than-air gas to a state of buoyancy system, two transport canister cars for transporting goods are rigidly attached to the side platforms of the supporting frame and to the side walls of the stiffening frame, shock-absorbing cushions filled with air are mounted in the lower part of the supporting frame, and a control unit is built into the helicopter cabin to ensure optimal inertial flight dynamics, takeoff and landing in real weather conditions.

In addition, the balloon shells are made of ultra-light and ultra-strong materials.

In addition, the helicopter provides takeoff, landing, transportation and maneuvering of the entire system.

In addition, the system contains a stiffening frame into which aerostats are built.

In addition, the helicopter platform is equipped with a lock-type block for rigidly holding the helicopter with the ability to automatically unlock it.

In addition, the balloons are equipped with controllable valves to supply and remove lighter-than-air gas.

In addition, locking cables are built into the supporting frame to hold the hybrid-transport system during landing with the possibility of retracting them from the frame body along with the locking element, and automatically retracting them back.

In addition, the supporting frame contains fastening elements in the form of fastening cables that rigidly connect the stiffening frame with the helicopter platform. In addition, the components and systems necessary for filling balloons with lighter-than-air gas are made in the form of hoses and helium containers located on the ground. In addition, the locking cables and hoses are automatically disconnected when the system reaches zero “buoyancy”.

In addition, the helicopter sets the system to an initial speed, calculated by the control unit, ensuring the system lands at zero speed.

The disadvantages of the described system are 1) the possibility of removing gas lighter than air from balloons, although it simplifies the design, but if by lighter-than-air gas we mean helium, then it is an expensive gas, removing it, and then filling the missing volumes after removal again increases the cost of transportation, it is more optimal to change the volume shells rather than removing helium; 2) helicopter rotors cause the shell of the balloons to shake, resulting in rocking of the structure, which makes it difficult to use it for transporting passengers. If you build the balloons into a stiffener frame, you can get rid of the shaking, but the stiffener frame is a massive structure, which will reduce the payload mass that is possible transport in this way; 3) the system is designed for transportation on the water surface; suspended in the air it is inoperative, 4) the system requires the construction of numerous berths at all destination points where it can arrive.

(11) A device is known for tightening the middle pontoons of a pontoon park (according to the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 202675 according to application No. 2020127158 dated 08.13.2020), containing a detachable casing consisting of rear and front parts, inside which a shaft is installed, made with multi-directional thread located from the middle of the shaft to the edges and designed to accommodate nuts with stops, characterized in that it is equipped with a bevel gear mounted to the end of the rear part of the casing, the driven gear of which is mounted on the specified shaft, and a tip pivotally mounted on the drive shaft of the bevel gear and designed to accommodate a pontoon lever, with longitudinal cutouts symmetrically made in each part of the casing to ensure movement of said stops along them in the longitudinal direction.

In addition, the bevel gear is mounted to the rear of the housing via a flange.

In addition, the gearbox housing and casing are made as a single element.

The disadvantages of the device are that it is quite bulky, will not fit through the small hole in the parts being joined, and that to join manually you will have to turn the nuts for a long time.

(12) A folding pontoon link is known (according to patent for invention No. 2454350 according to application No. 2010131337/11 dated July 27, 2010), including middle and outer pontoons hingedly connected to each other with a roadway built into the deck, placed on the transoms of the middle pontoon interlink butt assemblies, and on the transoms of the outer pontoons - eye buttons and bypass blocks, characterized in that on the outer side, one of the outer pontoons is equipped with a flexible folding sector-shaped float retractable from a niche, consisting of inflatable wedge-shaped containers placed between frames fixed in niches with the possibility of rotation relative to vertical axes installed in the middle part of the niche adjacent to the roadway, and the other outer pontoon is equipped with a rigid fairing equal to the length of this pontoon and mounted on it rotatably relative to an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the folding pontoon link, made in the form a triangular prism, one face of which in the upper position of the fairing, and the other face in its lower position, are a continuation of the bottom contours of the folding pontoon link, and the third side face of the fairing is equipped with joint devices, made, for example, in the form of an ear and a fork with a movable pin for pairwise connection links between each other in floating bridges and ferries.

The disadvantages of the described invention are as follows. To install the fork in the ear there must be a power reserve. If the docking pontoons are closely adjacent to each other, then the plug cannot be inserted into the ear. The design is also designed for docking pontoons floating on the water surface.

(13) A pontoon bridge is known (according to RF patent for invention No. 2351706 according to application No. 2007133541 dated September 7, 2007), containing pontoons open at the bottom on which bridge supports are mounted, carrying spans with the roadway, and guy wires connecting the peripheral parts pontoon with fixed anchors on the ground, characterized in that each pontoon is made in the form of a package of vertically oriented and bottom-facing adjacent containers connected to a system for supplying air to them and regulating its pressure in each of them, and the guy wires are located on opposite sides of the pontoon with forming with each of them triangular figures oriented in intersecting planes, and have dampers and/or control mechanisms, preferably with remote control, their tension during the construction of the bridge and/or its operation.

In addition, vertically oriented containers form, in a cross-section by a horizontal plane, rows of cells evenly spaced, at least over part of the cross-sectional area.

In addition, the pontoon bridge can be located along the coastline, preferably at an equal distance from it.

In addition, the pontoon bridge can be located in plan along a chord that subtends the macro-irregularities of the coastline.

The disadvantage of the proposed invention is that the bridge requires a bottom to be secured with anchors; if the bottom is unattainable, the invention will not work. The invention is also designed for use on a water surface.

(14) A pontoon road device is known (according to the patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2343244 according to application 2007120242/03 dated May 30, 2007), including a pontoon with a support frame made of metal profiles, on which a crane-manipulator attachment unit is located, and the components The pontoons are made hollow and sealed, characterized in that a platform for turning vehicles and a pontoon for their passage to land with cargo are attached to the pontoon, while the pontoons and the platform have coupling eyelets and bolts with a corrosion-resistant coating.

In addition, the device has pontoon sections consisting of seven polyethylene pipes hermetically sealed with plugs.

In addition, the device has guards to allow passage and increase safety.

In addition, expanded metal sheets, round steel and metal mesh are laid on the support frame.

The disadvantage of the device is the excessive weight of the manipulator crane and the platform for turning vehicles. The device is also designed for placement on marshy surfaces.

(15) A laser leveling device is known (according to patent for invention No. 2156956 according to application No. 99100520/28 dated 01/06/1999) and a sight-guidance device (according to RF patent for invention No. 2294516 according to application 2005123926/02 dated 07/27/2005 .), including a compact laser and complex guidance systems.

The disadvantages of the described systems are not discussed; the compact lasers used in them can be adapted for use for a new purpose.

(16) A laser pointer is known (according to the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 107867 according to application 2011102996/28 dated January 26, 2011), consisting of a housing with a laser connected through a power switch and a telescopic pointer rigidly attached to it, characterized in that that an electronic current breaker is included in the connection between the laser and the switch, a second switch is included in the connection between the laser and the switch, and the telescopic pointer is directed in the same direction as the laser beam.

The disadvantages of a laser pointer are not discussed; it is possible to use it for a new purpose.

(17) There is a known list of items of mountaineering equipment (for example, Mountaineering equipment. Types and applications. Equipment. / dlia-sporta.ru, access date 04/06/2023).

The disadvantages of climbing equipment are not discussed; it is possible to expand the arsenal of methods where it is used.

(18) Pontoon bridges are known (Cherenkevich R.S. Pontoon bridges. / rep.bntu.by, date of access: 02/06/2023), including floats with ears, connected by plastic bolts with nuts, on which the road surface is laid.

The disadvantage of bolts is that you need to hold the bolt with one hand and twist the nut with the other hand, going into the side of the structure being connected. Such operations can be carried out over a nearby water surface, but above the abyss the head of the person twisting the nut will be spinning and it will be difficult for him to concentrate on twisting the nut. When twisting a nut with one hand, it is possible to develop less force than when tightening it with two hands; also, the size of the nut when twisting with one hand is limited. Also, twisting the nut takes a long time, which in some situations, for example, during the urgent construction of a pontoon bridge during military operations, serves as a constraint on construction.

(19) The “Bilder” air bridge crane is known (according to the patent for the invention of Ukraine UA 64114 according to application 2003010212 dated January 8, 2003), which contains a beam with lifting mechanisms, which is supported above the ground in the air with the help of two or more balloons, additionally contains three or more guy ropes with electric winches located on movable platforms, which allow you to hold the beam at the required height above the ground, change this height if necessary, also contains devices that allow you to change the lifting force of balloons, for example, hot air balloons or balloons with gas pumping from cylinders located on an air bridge crane (AVC), devices, for example, squib, which allow you to instantly shoot off part of the balloons if necessary, as well as two or more rotary aircraft engines that allow the VMC to move in airship mode, and also facilitate its maneuvering during complex installation work, while the total weight of mobile platforms located on the ground exceeds the lifting force of all balloons during lifting operations and can be equal to or slightly less than the lifting force when using the VMC as an airship.

The disadvantage of an overhead crane is that it is not suitable for moving along the beam of a vehicle under its own power; it can only move vehicles when hooked up, wasting time on hooking up.

(20) A known system for installing a pilot cable (according to the invention patent of the People's Republic of China CN 102277833 dated December 14, 2011), including a mechanism for hooking a load to a cylinder or cylinders with lifting gas, a cable connecting the cylinder with a tractor, a tractor, a bridge tower for adjusting the height cables is also a way to use this system.

The disadvantage of the described system is that it is necessary to spend time on hooking up the cargo, on refueling the tractor after delivering every few loads, the cargo must be reloaded onto and unloaded from road transport. Also, the described device has a low throughput for successive loads.

(21) There is a known method of pulling a pilot cable using an unmanned aerial vehicle for the construction of a river crossing (cable (according to the invention patent of the People's Republic of China CN 105256724 dated October 20, 2017), which allows the installation of the cable described in paragraph 20 of the prior art.

The disadvantages of this method are listed in the previous paragraph, since it is an addition to it.

(22) A device for suspending the gondola of a flexible airship is known (according to the French invention patent FR 2628061 dated September 8, 1989). The gondola is suspended by means of vertical cables to cables with longitudinal jumpers attached to the inner surface of the upper part of the inflatable shell, to its central part.

The disadvantage of the device is that there is no description of a case where a road bridge acts as a gondola.

(23) An airmobile road bridge is known and proposed as a prototype (under the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 176041 according to application 2017126539 dated July 24, 2017), consisting of spans, cable stays and an airship, characterized in that it is a road span a bridge made of composite material, which is attached to the airship using cables.

The disadvantage of the bridge is that the method of attaching it to the shore is not described; mooring such a bridge to the shore is a non-standard task that requires a separate solution. Also, the invention does not describe a system for changing the length of the bridge; the gorge can have different widths, so the length of the bridge must be adjusted.

The purpose of the invention is to adapt airships as pontoon links for the construction of floating bridges across deep gorges.

The technical result of the invention is

- ensuring the connection of the road surface attached to the airships and the airships to each other,

- fastening the edge airship to a rock or steep bank,

- access from the airship gondola to the road surface,

- selection of an airship with adjustable flight altitude,

- regulation of the length of the floating bridge, including taking into account the possibility of a discrepancy between the exact total length and width of the airships and the width of the gorge,

- organizing vehicle traffic across a floating bridge over a deep gorge,

- there is no need to secure the structure at the bottom of the gorge, which may be unreachable,

- compensation for different levels of the banks of the gorge by the inclination of the bridge, its deviation from the horizontal position,

- reducing the weight of the bridge and saving materials due to the use of gratings instead of a solid bridge, the use of gratings for a new purpose, not in an overpass, but in a bridge,

- use of a laser pointer for a new purpose, as a tap for installing holes for attaching an airship to the shore,

- the list of airships that can be attached to the ground in any place has been expanded, similar to a transforming airship used as a temple and concert hall.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge, in which a bridge is built, the suspension of which is carried out by means of cables to the airships, and the ends are fixed on opposite banks, differs in that bridge gratings are suspended from each airship, while at the edge airships bridge gratings, designed to allow vehicles to move along the hull, have sections at the ends, one of which is additional, and one is stool-shaped; for internal airships of the first type, bridge gratings, designed to allow vehicles to move along the hull, have only additional sections at the ends, for internal ones for airships of the second type, the bridge lattice with the possibility of vehicle movement across the hull has only additional sections at the ends, and before installing the edge airships on one bank, the level of the first hole is marked and a laser pointer is shined from this place to the opposite bank, where the level of the first hole is marked using this mark holes on the opposite bank, measure from the marks the level of location of three more holes on each of the banks, using digging tools and drilling equipment and climbing equipment, dig four horizontal holes on each bank of the gorge, install the horizontal legs of one of the stool-shaped ones in the holes on each bank of the gorge sections of the edge airships, hold the edge airships in place by giving them movement towards the holes, in accordance with the width of the gorge, moor in the space between the edge airships the corresponding number of internal airships of one or both types, while the mooring is carried out by preliminary fastening with cables on bollards and tilting to hinges of the grids of additional sections, while the additional sections on both sides have hemp-like protrusions corresponding to the holes on the bridge gratings and the opposing additional sections of the bridge of the adjacent airship, while they are fastened with a nutless fastening of a pair of hemp-like protrusions through horizontal holes parallel to the side sides of the additional sections, with fastening crowbars, having loops at one end, they hold the crowbars in the holes due to their frictional force on the upper plane of the additional section located on top, with human participation when installing the fastening crowbars into the horizontal holes, and regulate the length of the bridge due to varying degrees of overlap of the gratings of the additional sections and the bridge gratings.

In addition, an odd number of internal airships are moored, observing symmetry when extending the grilles of additional sections so that for each airship both grilles of additional sections are extended or both are retracted.

In addition, an even number of internal airships are moored, observing symmetry when extending the gratings of additional sections so that each airship has both gratings of additional sections extended or both retracted, while the grating of one airship is left with the grating of the additional section extended on one side and retracted on the other side grid of the additional section, balance this grid with sandbags installed near the bollards on the side of the retracted grid of the additional section.

In addition, with the same level of height of the banks of the gorge, the bridge is made horizontal due to the same length of the cables of the airships holding the bridge; to maintain the horizontal arrangement of the grids of additional sections, the difference in the length of the cables of neighboring airships is set to the total thickness of the bridge grid and the grid of the additional section lying on it, with In this case, the condition is observed that the length of the cable should not be shorter than the length of the additional section with an allowance of 20-30 cm and should not be shorter than the height of the truck with an allowance of 1-2 meters.

In addition, if there is a difference in height between the banks of the gorge, it is compensated by the inclined position of the bridge; the tilt of the bridge is established by winching the cables holding the bridge on one side of the airship and winding the cables holding the bridge on the other side of the airship with winches so that the length of the cables on one side is less than the length of the cables on the other hand, in accordance with the degree of inclination, the degree of inclination is determined by illuminating with a laser pointer from the upper edge of the end of the bridge farthest from the shore of one edge airship to the upper edge of the end of the bridge farthest from the shore of the other edge airship, while observing the condition that the length of the cable should not be shorter than the length of the additional section with an allowance of 20-30 cm and should not be shorter than the height of the truck with an allowance of 1-2 meters.

In addition, one bridge with one-lane vehicle traffic is being built for reverse traffic flow, in which no more than one vehicle is located on the entire bridge at a time.

In addition, a second bridge is additionally built, and each of the bridges is designed with single-lane vehicle traffic for simultaneous traffic movement in both directions, in which no more than one vehicle is located on each and every bridge at a time.

In addition, the two upper horizontal holes are dug without upper walls, standing on the shore at the edge of the gorge.

Description of the figures

The figures show the following images.

In fig. 1 – general side view of the assembled floating airship bridge, in Fig. 2 – top view of the bridge at the junction of sections from different airships, in Fig. 3 - side view of the bridge at the junction of sections from different airships, in FIG. 4 – the process of installing an additional section for the joint with the bridge grid of an adjacent airship in a side view, in Fig. 5 – holes in the bank of the gorge in front view A-A for mooring the outermost airship of the bridge, in Fig. 6 – fastening two hemp-like protrusions with a fastening crowbar on the vertical section B-B, in Fig. 7 – loop of bridge gratings on the vertical frontal section B-B, in Fig. 8 – option for installing bridge airships using medium airships carrying small sections, in a general side view.

The figures are indicated by numbers.

In fig. 1 and below: 1 – airships, 2 – cables of equal length, 3 – rings with sealed fishing bayonet knots from cables 2, 4 – bridge gratings for movement along the airship body, 5 – additional sections of the bridge gratings, 6 – loops of additional sections, 7 – stool-shaped sections, 8 – banks of the gorge, 9 – vehicle moving along the bridge, 10 – bollards, 11 – cables hooked to the bollards, 12 – rope ladder with a load at the end, lowered from the airship gondola.

In fig. 2-3 and below: 13 – hemp-shaped protrusions, 14 – fastening crowbars, 15 – loops of fastening crowbars, 16 – horizontal holes in the protrusions 13 for installing crowbars 14, 17 – perforation holes for gratings 4, 18 – perforation holes for additional sections of gratings 5, 19 – cables for extending additional sections.

In fig. 4: 20 – worker pulling cable 19 to extend additional section 5.

In fig. 5: 21 – upper rectangular pits with an open upper wall, 22 – lower rectangular pits, 23 – sections of the legs of the stool-shaped section, 24 – folds and cracks of the bank 8.

In fig. 7: 25 – cylinder, 26 – cylinder heads, 27 – rings attached to connected grids 4 and 5.

In fig. 8: 28 – medium-capacity airships, 29 – small sections of bridge gratings for movement across the airship body, 30 – electric motor propellers, 31 – sandbag.

In fig. 1 shows a floating bridge of three airships 1. But in the general case, there can be less than one or more airships. The largest number of airships in a bridge is theoretically unlimited, but in practice it is limited by the windage of all airships on the bridge at a given wind force. Since the gorge may be located either high in the mountains, or may turn out to be a crack after an earthquake on the plain, the flight altitude of airships 1 must be adjusted and varied widely by changing the volume of the shell, but not by releasing excess helium through valves to the outside, since helium is an expensive gas, It makes no sense to spend it on adjusting the height. In the inventions of the prior art, paragraphs 1-4, various mechanisms for regulating the volume of the shell are proposed. For the first time, regulation of the shell volume was proposed in the USSR for the takeoff of stratospheric balloons into the upper atmosphere. In the proposed invention, the operational regulation of the volume of the shell compensates for the passage of vehicles with a large mass across the bridge, balancing the sharply increasing force of Archimedes with the sharply increasing force of weight during the passage of heavy vehicles. To regulate the Archimedes force, video cameras and electronic means can be used to trigger a rapid increase in the volume of the shell with a constant mass of gas in it. But all this concerns the shell device, and therefore is not considered in the proposed invention. To protect against side winds, a design from the prior art, point 5, is also proposed. These mechanisms are also not related to the design of a floating bridge, so they are only mentioned here.

Bridge gratings 4 are attached to each airship 1 on cables of equal length 2. Lattices are used rather than plates in order to reduce the mass of the cargo tied to the airship. Vertical rings 3 are attached to the gratings, to which cables 2 are tied with fishing bayonet sea knots (a description and detailed image of the mentioned naval knots are contained in the book “Naval Dictionary for Youth” M.: DOSAAF Publishing House, 1988, pp. 554-556). All contacting surfaces in the assemblies are sealed for strengthening. Knots can also be tied to grid cells without rings. The use of rings makes it possible to impart uniformity to the fastenings of the cables 2 so that the nodes become similar to each other, which makes it possible to ideally maintain the center of gravity of the gratings 4. In the corners of the gratings 4, 4 bollards 10 are installed.

Airship suspensions have three structural options. At the two edge airships of the bridge, additional sections of grids 5 are attached to the grid 4 from two ends on hinges 6, and stool-like sections 7 are suspended from below on both sides so that the 4 legs of these sections protrude from under the grid 4 optimally by 1.5-3 meters , but for some cases the width of the gorge is longer. The internal bridge airships, which carry gratings 4 for movement along the airship, do not have stool-like sections, as shown in FIG. 1. The internal bridge airships, which carry gratings 29 for movement across the airship, also lack stool-like sections, as shown in FIG. 8. For each edge airship, when attaching the bridge, only one stool-like section is used, the second such section serves for balance. The gondola of each airship contains a retractable rope ladder 12 with a weight at the end, along which workers descend to assemble the bridge. In fig. 1 shows, as an example, only one staircase 12 at the central airship; for the rest of the airships they are hidden in gondolas.

When assembling the bridge, you should ensure the balance of the suspensions. If, with an odd total number of airships in the bridge, some airship has one additional section 5 extended, then the second opposite section 5 must also be extended (as shown on the edge airships in Fig. 1), and if one section 5 is removed, then both sections 5 must be removed (as shown on the central airship in Fig. 1). If the total number of airships is even, it is permissible to extend only one section 5, then from the second end it is balanced with sandbags.

Figures 2, 3, 6 show in more detail the junction of the gratings of two neighboring airships. An additional section 5 of gratings is attached to the grating of one of the airships on hinges 6. That is, like a door, it rotates on hinges 6 and can either be laid on the grating 4 of its airship, or extended and laid on grating 5 lying on the grating 4 of an adjacent airship. The last option is shown in Fig. 2, 3. The additional section 5 has on the sides a number of stump-like, that is, stump-like, protrusions 13. These protrusions are located above and below the plane of the lattice 5 and their position is calculated in such a way as to be inserted into the cells 17 of the lattice 4 and the cells 18 of the lattice 5. In figures 2, 3, the lower protrusions 13, which are not visible in the image, are inserted at the upper additional section 5 into the cells 18 of the underlying additional section 5 of the adjacent airship and the cells 17 of the grid 4 of the adjacent airship. The upper projections 13 at the upper additional section 5 are not inserted anywhere and are not attached to anything. The lower protrusions 13 of the underlying additional section 5 are inserted into the cells 17 of the lattice 4 of their airship and protrude from below, without being attached to anything. The upper projections 13 of the underlying additional section 5 are inserted into the cells 18 of the overlying section 5 of the adjacent airship and connected by fastenings. Unlike the analogue in the prior art, point 18, the protrusions 13 are not attached with nuts, which take a long time to twist during installation, but are attached with fastening crowbars 14. The protrusions 13 have horizontal through holes 16, parallel to the side of the grate 5 (Fig. 6). A fastening crowbar 14 is inserted into these holes at two adjacent stump-like protrusions. The fastening crowbar on one side has a loop 15 so as not to fly out of the hole 16. The holes 16 of the protrusions 13 of the underlying section 5 are at the level of the upper plane of the upper additional section 5, the cells 18 of which are covered on the hemp-like protrusions 13 of the underlying section 5, therefore the friction force of the crowbar 14 on the lattice of the upper additional section 5 keeps the structure in a fastened state. This frictional force can only be overcome by the hand force of the worker inserting the crowbar 14 into the holes 16. It would be possible to make a shorter crowbar 14, which is inserted into only one hole 16, but then the reliability of the structure would be reduced. With the proposed design, even if in some emergency the crowbar 14 is removed from the hole 16 of one of the protrusions 13, it is difficult to imagine the situation that it will also be removed from the second hole 16 of the second protrusion 13. Then the fastening in an emergency situation will be preserved due to fastening to the second protrusion 13. In this case, the grating 4 is not fixedly fixed to the overlying gratings 5, therefore, during strong sharp gusts of wind, the connection will spring back and will not allow the fastenings to break.

Due to the fastening shown in figures 2, 3, 6, it is possible to regulate the degree of overlap of the extended additional section 5 with section 4 of the adjacent airship. In fig. 2, 3 it is overlapped by four cells 18, so it can be secured with two crowbars 14 on each side. But the overlap can be greater, then the bridge will be shorter, or less, then the bridge will be longer. In fig. 2, 3, for simplicity of illustration, section 5 is shown in length from seven cells 18, but in a real airship it can reach tens of cells 18, and the length of the additional section can reach 1.5-3 meters. Therefore, the length of the bridge can be adjusted within small limits due to the degree of overlap of sections 5 and gratings 4. But then for a larger length of additional sections 5, a larger length of the legs of the stool-like sections 7 will be required. The shortest length of the additional sections 5 is shown in Fig. 2-3. The shorter the length of the additional sections 5, the less their weight and the greater the load-bearing capacity of the bridge. The length of the cables 2 cannot be less than the length of the additional section 5 with an allowance of 20-30 cm, so that when deployed, the additional section does not hit the shell of the airship.

In fig. 2, 3 also show bollards 10, fastened with cables 11. They are similar to those at berths for river and sea vessels. Also in FIG. 2, 3, rings 3 with sea knots of cables 2 are visible. Also in Fig. 2, 3, cables 19 are visible, tied to the end middle cells of 18 additional sections 5.

The sizes of holes 17, 18 are limited to the 36th size of a person’s foot, so that a foot of this size does not fall into the holes, that is, the side of the hole should be 4-6 cm. When crossing the bridge on foot, small children are picked up or carried in a stroller. It is undesirable to use smaller holes, since it will be difficult for the stump-like protrusions 13 to get into the holes 17, 18 when installing the grilles of additional sections 5 (see below, Fig. 4). At the same time, it is possible to make 4, 5, 29 holes of 17, 18 of different sizes in one grid. On the sides of the gratings in the places where hemp-like protrusions are installed - 4-6 cm, and in the middle of the gratings 2-3 cm. The option with different sizes of holes 17, 18 is not shown in the figures, but it is easy to imagine.

The process of extending section 5 is shown in Fig. 4. A worker descends along the rope ladder 12 from the airship gondola to grate 4. This worker, when joining the gratings from neighboring airships, secures the cables 11 to the bollards 10 and throws them onto the adjacent grating 4 of the neighboring airship. There, the same worker on the grid 4 of the neighboring airship secures the ends of the cables 11 to their bollards 10. Then the airships move apart at a low speed and tighten the cables 11. Next, the second worker throws the end of the cable 19 of his additional section to the first worker. He grabs the cable 19, as shown in Fig. 4, and turns the additional section 5 of the grille 4 of the neighboring airship on its hinges 6 and drops it onto the retracted grille 5 of his airship. In this case, the protrusions 13 of the fallen and underlying sections mutually penetrate through the perforation holes 18 of the two sections. If penetration has not occurred, the airship drivers perform fidgeting movements with the gratings by giving multidirectional slow speed to the airship. After this, the worker inserts crowbars 14 into holes 16 and secures sections 5 to each other. When performing these operations, it is important to maintain the exact relative position of the gratings being joined. The lattice 4 of one airship should be higher than the lattice 4 of the second airship by the sum of the thicknesses of the lattice 4 and 5 (Fig. 3). And sections 5 must correspond to each other without lateral shifts (Fig. 2). The length of the cables 2 holding the grating should not be less than the length of the gratings of the additional sections with an allowance of 20-30 cm, so that when lifting the gratings 5 they do not touch the body of the airship. But since the length of the cables should not be shorter than the height of the truck, about 3 meters with an allowance for cargo of 1-2 meters, this condition is met automatically.

In fig. Figure 7 shows in detail one of the hinges 6. The hinges are made according to a traditional, widely used mechanism. Two rings 27, one of which is attached to the grid 4, and the second to the grid of the additional section 5, are put on a cylinder 25, which has caps 26 at the ends so that the rings are not removed from the cylinder. The more loops 6 are at the ends of the grille of the additional section 5, the stronger the attachment of the grille 4 to section 5. In FIG. 2 shows 3 loops for simplicity, but a real design should have at least a dozen of them. The width of sections 5 must be equal to the width of the truck with allowances on each side of at least 1.5 meters.

In fig. 1, 5 shows the fastening of the edge airship to the shore of the gorge 8. As was reported above, the edge airship has two stool-like sections 7, attached to the lattice 4 with the sides of the stool from below so as to balance each other. Unlike a stool, sections 5, instead of a seat, have a square frame to which the legs are attached, and the legs are directed horizontally so that one pair of legs is located above the other pair of legs. In the bank 8 of the gorge, 4 horizontal holes 1.5-2.5 meters long were made: the two upper holes 21 are located on the same level above the two lower holes 22, which are also located on the same level. For ease of digging, the upper pits 21 do not have upper walls. Then they can be dug while standing on the bank 8. The lower holes 22 are dug by an industrial climber, who is fixed on the bank 8 and descends to the level of the lower holes 22. If the soil of the bank 8 is soft, then the climber uses a shovel and a crowbar. If the soil on the shore is rocky, then the climber uses a hammer drill and a circular saw, which are powered by batteries or wires pulled from a portable power generator installed on the shore 8. To dig holes, the climber can also use items of climbing equipment - an ice ax and an ice screw (see. state of the art, paragraph 17). To ensure that the overpass on the opposite banks coincides, after digging the first upper hole 21, the worker shines a laser beam from a laser pointer held above the middle of the hole 21 onto the edge of the opposite bank. Then the worker on the opposite bank marks the place where the beam is projected onto the opposite bank and digs his hole 21 in this place. The second hole 21 and holes 22 are measured with a tape measure at distances corresponding to the size of the spaces between the legs of the sections 7. Next, the edge airship flies up to the shore 8 at low speed and The legs of sections 7 fall into the pits 21, 22. Sections of the legs 23 are shown in Fig. 5. In this case, the edge airship is protected from being blown up and down and left and right by the wind due to the legs resting on the walls of the pits. After this, a worker from shore 8 uses cable 19 to lower an additional section 5 from grid 4 to shore 8. After securing the edge airships, the internal airships are secured to them in turn, as shown in figure 4.

As was said at the beginning of the description, it is desirable to quickly compensate for the passage of vehicles across the bridge by increasing the lifting force of the airship of the grid along which the vehicle is currently moving, due to a rapid increase in the volume of the airship shell. Then the load on the upper and lower walls of the pits 21, 22 will be constant and the pits will persist for a long time. If the shore is rocky and holes 21, 22, for example, are made of granite, then such compensation is not required. When making holes 21, 22 in soft ground, in the absence of the described compensation, the holes will expand over time. Therefore, from time to time, in case of heavy traffic on the bridge and the absence of the described compensation, it will be necessary to move the bridge to the right or left, digging out new holes 21, 22.

In fig. 8, a variant of a floating airship bridge with an even number of airships is proposed. The distance between the banks of the gorge 8 is very variable. It may happen that the inner airship with a grid along the long side of the airship, which is shown in FIG. 1, will not fit between the edge airships. Then one or more medium-capacity airships 28 with small sections of overpass gratings 29 instead of gratings 4 for movement across the body of the airship can be installed between them. In fig. 8 such airships are shown 2. As mentioned above, with an even number of airships, it is impossible for section 5 to install all sections symmetrically - either both open, or both retracted. The third airship from the left has the left section 5 extended and the right section 5 retracted. To avoid distortion in the location of section 29, two bags of sand are placed near the bollards 10 at the right section. The bag closest to us is visible in Fig. 8 and is designated by the number 31. Also, a feature of side mooring is that electric motor propellers cannot be installed on the sides of the midsection, since they are wide, and the length of section 5 is limited to half the width of the grid 29 and is about 1.5-2 m. Therefore, electric motor propellers 30 , should not be on the side, but at the bottom, as shown in Fig. 8, or from above. But from above, with their weight, they will tilt the airship, so below is the optimal place for their location. The remaining details in Fig. 8 are the same as in Fig. 1, therefore they are not described again.

With a small width of the gorge, it does not make sense to use airships of medium capacity, in which stool-like sections are attached to the gratings 29, since they have little room for maneuver, and in order to insert the legs 23 into the holes 21, 22, the stool-like section on the other side must not touch the opposite bank. Therefore, for small width gorges, one internal airship is used, shown in Fig. 1, without edge airships. It lowers the grate 4 onto the opposing banks and is attached to the holes in the grate 4 with fasteners described in the prior art invention, point 3.

To save weight on the bridge, it is possible to omit the use of railings as shown in FIG. 1-4 and 8. But in the case of heavy pedestrian traffic along with vehicles on the bridge, grids 4 and 29 are equipped with railings. The grids do not have additional sections of 5 railings, since the railings will prevent them from clinging to each other. The movement of pedestrians and vehicles through the grilles of additional sections 5 is carried out alternately. The interval between vehicles crossing the bridge when moving one at a time is large, so this is easy to do. To explain the procedure for moving on the bridge, there should be a traffic controller, a robot lecturer on duty at the bridge, or there should be illuminated boards with explanatory inscriptions.

If there is a difference in the heights of the banks of the gorge, it is compensated by the inclined position of the bridge; the inclination of the bridge is established by winching the cables holding the overpass on one side of the airship and winding the cables holding the overpass with winches on the other side of the airship so that the length of the cables on one side is less than the length of the cables on the other side according to the degree of inclination. That is, cables 2 are attached to the outer frame of the airship on winches. The degree of inclination of the overpass is determined by illuminating with a laser pointer from the upper edge of the end of the overpass farthest from the shore of one edge airship to the upper edge of the end of the overpass farthest from the shore of another edge airship. It makes no sense to shine a laser pointer from bank to bank, since then you will have to make the holes 21, 22 not horizontal, but having a certain slope, which is difficult to do. At the same time, if the bridge consists of only two edge airships, then it will be necessary to make inclined pits 21, 22, shining the laser from bank to bank and being guided by its glow.

The proposed floating bridge may be needed, for example, in the following situations.

1) In a mountain village, a mudflow demolished a bridge across a gorge, interrupting transport access to the village. Restoring the bridge may take some time, but transport access to the residents of the village must be urgently ensured. Then the proposed bridge is temporarily installed.

2) The military enemy has blocked the bridge across the gorge - he has mined it and is not allowing sappers to clear the mines. Then, away from the enemy, you can mount the proposed bridge across the same gorge and bypass the enemy, knocking him out of his positions. But we must keep in mind that airships are very vulnerable to bullets, so the bridge should be mounted secretly and as far as possible from the scene of hostilities. Also, due to the limited volume of the airship shell and its strength characteristics, it will not be possible to launch tanks across such a bridge; they are too heavy.

3) An earthquake occurred in the valley, deep cracks formed across the road. The width of the cracks is less than the length of the airship. Then the inner airship lowers the grid 4 over the crack. The grid 4 is fastened to the ground using the methods described in the prior art, point 3.

4) Construction is planned in the mountains. Construction equipment will have to travel a long road along the gorge, first down to the bridge, then up. To shorten the road for moving equipment over several days, it is possible to build the proposed bridge.

Estimated calculation of the vehicle's lifted weight and axle load

To use the proposed invention, it is necessary to ensure that the mass of the bridge gratings will allow not only passenger cars, but also loaded trucks to move across the bridge. First, let's estimate the volume of the bridge. Its width should correspond to the width of a truck, for example, a KamAZ with a width of 2500 mm plus 1 meter on both sides for maneuvering. That is, the total width is 4.5 m. The length of the bridge lattice is equal to the length of the airship. A small KamAZ cargo airship weighing 25.2 tons with a trailer of 1.3 tons will not lift. Let's take the length of the bridge grating 200 m, width 4.5 m, add to it the total length of two additional sections 6 meters wide, 3.5 m wide. Let's take the thickness of the bridge grating and additional sections to be 5 cm. Let half the volume be occupied by perforation holes 17, 18. Then volume V will be equal to:

If the bridge is made of steel, its mass M _st is equal to the product of the steel density and volume:

Thus, a steel bridge weighs too much and it is not realistic to lift it together with a truck. If the bridge is made of carbon fiber, its mass M _y is equal to

This is a large mass, but large airships are capable of lifting it. For example, American military engineers plan to build large transport airships of three sizes with a carrying capacity of 66, 250 and even 500 tons (In the USA they are working on the creation of a large transport airship. / topwar.ru, accessed March 2, 2023). Russia may also have plans to build military transport airships, but they have not been disclosed. In Germany at the beginning of the twentieth century, there was a project for the construction of a semi-rigid airship M-VI with a length of 210 m, a diameter of 36.5 m, and a payload of 82,400 kg (Airships at war. Edited by A.E. Taras Minsk-Moscow: Harvest-AST, 2000, p. 485). The proposed bridge length is 200 m rather than 210 m, this could be compensated by increasing the diameter of the airship. Such airships can lift bridge gratings made of carbon fiber. At the same time, to lift the Armata tank weighing 48 tons, you will need an overly large airship, which, together with the overpass, will lift more than 94 tons. It is more realistic to lift a loaded KamAZ with a trailer; together with the carbon fiber bridge grid it will weigh 72,700 kg. Another 7 tons will weigh the cables, bollards, railings, winches and gondola. On the banks of the gorge, such an airship can be used as a ferry, but the capacity of such a ferry will be low. It will also be difficult for the ferry to moor in highlands. Therefore, the described bridge is a more efficient means of vehicle movement. But only one KamAZ truck with a trailer can be on the bridge at a time, with a payload of the airship of 82,400 kg.

For edge airships, it is also necessary to take into account the mass of stool-shaped sections. Let the stool-shaped section be based on a square pipe with a wall thickness of 2 cm and a square side of 33 cm. This pipe forms a square frame with a side of 3 m, in the corners of which four legs from the same pipe, each 3 m long, are attached perpendicular to the plane of the frame. Then the volume of two stool-shaped sections V _t is calculated by the formula

The mass of stool-like sections M _t made of plastic is equal to

If we take into account the mass of the bridge lattice according to formula (3), then the total mass of the bridge lattice and stool-like sections M is

The conclusions when commenting on formula (3) when analyzing formula (6) remain the same, since the mass of the stool-shaped sections is insignificant compared to the total mass of the bridge lattice. The total weight of the KamAZ with a trailer and a grid with stool-like sections will be 73817.2 kg. A large airship can lift such a mass

It is also necessary to make sure that the carbon fiber bridge can withstand a KamAZ truck with a trailer. The tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic is 780-1800 MPa (B.I. Molchanov, M.M. Gudimov Properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics and the properties of their application. / Zh. Aviation Industry, 1997, issue 3-4 / www.viam.ru/public, access date April 4, 2023). Let's calculate the load on the bridge to check that it can withstand such a load. Let a pair of cables be stretched from the shell to the bridge grid every 40 m. Then the mass of the section Mc is 40 m of the bridge grid with a width of 4.5 m and a thickness of 0.05 m, half of the volume of which is occupied by holes 17, 18 with a carbon fiber density of 2000 kg/ m will be

With a mass of KamAZ with a trailer of 26500 kg, a free fall acceleration of 9.8 m/s ² , a section area equal to the product of a width of 4.5 m by a length of 40 m, the pressure P on the section will be

This value is six orders of magnitude less than the above tensile strength. That is, carbon fiber can easily withstand such weight, and the reason why it is impossible to launch several KamAZ trucks across the bridge at the same time is not the low strength of the bridge, but limitations due to the lifting force of the airship. Therefore, it is recommended that no more than one vehicle be on the entire bridge at a time, and traffic on the bridge is single-lane. If it is necessary to organize two-lane traffic, then two parallel or almost parallel bridges are built. Also, railway transport cannot move across such a bridge, except for a handcar, since when it moves, there cannot be more than one carriage on the bridge.

When using short sections, their volume V _ks and mass M _ks are calculated using formulas similar to formulas 1 and 3, but with the difference that the length of the short section is equal to its width of 4.5 m, and the length of both additional sections is about 4 m:

An airship with an average carrying capacity of 29 tons can lift such a section together with a loaded truck. With a short section length of 4.5 m and additional sections of 2 m on both sides, the width of such an airship should be about 8 m.

Claims (8)

1. A method for constructing an airship bridge over a gorge, in which a bridge is built, the suspension of which is carried out by means of cables to the airships, and the ends are fixed on opposite banks, characterized in that bridge gratings are suspended from each airship, while the edge airships have bridge gratings made with the possibility of movement of vehicles along the hull, have sections at the ends, one of which is additional, and one is stool-shaped; for internal airships of the first type, the bridge gratings, made with the possibility of movement of vehicles along the hull, have only additional sections at the ends; for internal airships of the second type, the bridge gratings , made with the possibility of vehicle movement across the hull, have only additional sections at the ends, and before installing the edge airships on one bank, the level of the first hole is marked and a laser pointer is shined from this place to the opposite bank, where the level of the first hole on the on the opposite bank, measure from the marks the level of location of three more holes on each of the banks, using digging tools and drilling equipment and climbing equipment, dig out four horizontal holes on each side of the gorge, install horizontal legs of one of the stool-shaped sections of the edges in the holes on each side of the gorge airships, hold the edge airships in place by giving them movement towards the holes, in accordance with the width of the gorge, moor in the space between the edge airships the corresponding number of internal airships of one or both types, and mooring is carried out by preliminary fastening with cables on the bollards and tilting the gratings on the hinges additional sections, while the additional sections on both sides have hemp-like protrusions corresponding to the holes on the bridge gratings and the opposite additional sections of the bridge gratings of the adjacent airship, while they are fastened with a nutless fastening of a pair of hemp-like protrusions through horizontal holes parallel to the side sides of the additional sections, with fastening crowbars having from one end of the loop, they hold the crowbars in the holes due to their frictional force on the upper plane of the additional section located on top, with human participation when installing the fastening crowbars into the horizontal holes, they regulate the length of the bridge due to varying degrees of overlap of the gratings of the additional sections and the bridge gratings. 2. The method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge according to claim 1, characterized in that an odd number of internal airships are moored, observing symmetry when extending the grids of additional sections so that for each airship both grids of additional sections are extended or both are removed. 3. The method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge according to claim 1, characterized in that an even number of internal airships are moored, maintaining symmetry when extending the grilles of additional sections so that for each airship both grilles of additional sections are extended or both are removed, while the grille of one airship left with the grid of the additional section extended on one side and the grid of the additional section retracted on the other side, this grid is balanced with sandbags installed near the bollards on the side of the retracted grid of the additional section. 4. The method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge according to claim 1, characterized in that, at the same level of height of the banks of the gorge, the bridge is made horizontal due to the same length of the cables of the airships holding the bridge; to maintain the horizontal arrangement of the grids of additional sections, the difference in the length of the cables of neighboring airships is established on the total thickness of the bridge lattice and the additional section lattice lying on it, while observing the condition that the length of the cable should not be less than the length of the additional section with an allowance of 20-30 cm and should not be less than the height of the truck with an allowance of 1-2 meters. 5. The method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge according to claim 1, characterized in that if there is a difference in the heights of the banks of the gorge, it is compensated for by an inclined arrangement of the bridge, the inclination of the bridge is established by reeling the cables holding the bridge with winches on one side of the airship and winding the cables with winches, holding the bridge on the other side of the airship so that the length of the cables on one side is less than the length of the cables on the other side in accordance with the degree of inclination, the degree of inclination is determined by highlighting a laser pointer from the upper edge of the end of the bridge farthest from the shore of one edge airship to the upper edge of the farthest from the shore the shores of the end of the bridge of another edge airship, while observing the condition that the length of the cable should not be shorter than the length of the additional section with an allowance of 20-30 cm and should not be shorter than the height of the truck with an allowance of 1-2 meters. 6. The method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge according to claim 1, characterized in that one bridge is built with single-lane traffic for reverse traffic, in which no more than one vehicle is located on the entire bridge at a time. 7. The method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge according to claim 1, characterized in that a second bridge is additionally built, and each of the bridges is designed with single-lane traffic for simultaneous traffic in both directions, in which there is no one on each and every bridge at the same time. more than one means of transport. 8. The method of constructing an airship bridge over a gorge according to claim 1, characterized in that the two upper horizontal holes are dug without upper walls, standing on the shore at the edge of the gorge.

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