RU2809732C1 - Preparation for increasing yield of buckwheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: preparation for increasing the yield of buckwheat based on the cultural liquid of a bacterial strain, and as a cultural liquid of a bacterial strain contains a mixture of the cultural liquid of the bacterial strains Acinetobacter johnsonii A1 “ВКПМ B-13867” and Pseudarthrobacter equi S2 “ВКПМ B-13868” in a 1:1 ratio with a titer of each bacterial strain at least 1×10⁷ CFU per 1 cm³.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to expand the range of preparations for restoring soil biocenosis and increasing the yield of buckwheat.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology, microbiology and agriculture and concerns the production of microbial preparations based on a mixture of bacterial strains to increase the yield of buckwheat.

Buckwheat proteins are superior in nutritional value to cereal proteins and are easier to digest. At the same time, buckwheat protein is close to the protein of animal products, it contains a lot of lysine, fat, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and it contains the same amount of iron as in meat or fish. In terms of amino acid composition, buckwheat is the most complete among other grains, and in terms of fat content it is second only to oatmeal and millet. Due to the good digestibility of protein and carbohydrates, significant fat content, as well as mineral salts, organic acids and vitamins B1 and B2, buckwheat is used as a dietary product, in particular in hospitals and children's institutions. Grain, cereals, as well as cereal production waste, are used as animal feed. Due to its coarseness, buckwheat straw does not have much feed value, but is widely used for bedding, for fuel, and in gardening practice for fumigating fruit trees to protect them from spring frosts. Buckwheat ash, obtained by burning straw and husks, is rich in potassium carbonate (32-40% potassium oxide) and therefore is a very valuable potassium fertilizer. Buckwheat is widely known as one of the best honey plants. In our country, 25% of all honey is collected from buckwheat crops. Buckwheat honey has medicinal properties, good taste and a pleasant aroma. Buckwheat is a valuable insurance, fallow, stubble and mowing crop. Currently, the main factor influencing the volume of buckwheat production remains a sharp fluctuation in sown areas with low yields. In terms of yield, buckwheat is inferior to many grain crops, as it remains highly dependent on prevailing weather conditions throughout the growing season. In this regard, it is necessary not only to improve the agricultural technology of its cultivation, taking into account the biological characteristics of the varieties, but also to create new preparations that provide good access to easily digestible nutrients, since buckwheat has a weak root system.

Currently, various methods are used in agriculture using drugs to increase the yield and quality of buckwheat grain.

One of these methods is to stimulate the growth of buckwheat using a drug based on the bacterial strain Pseudomonas putida VKPM-4308 (RF patent No. 2051586, IPC A01N 63/00, publ. 07/12/91). The stimulating effect is achieved by soaking plant seeds in a suspension of the strain at a concentration of 1.5·10 ⁶ -1.5·10 ⁷ cells per 1 gram of seeds. The strain does not reduce seed germination, is well preserved in the soil and rhizosphere of plants, and can reproduce under these conditions. The strain has a stimulating effect on both the growth of the root system and the growth of the above-ground parts of plants, but its effect on enriching the soil with available plant nutrients has not been revealed.

The known drugs are “Extrasol” (RF clause No. 2259397, IPC C12N 1/20, A01C 1/06, published on August 27, 2005) and “Extragran” (RF clause No. 2284353, IPC C12N 1/20, A01N 63/00 , A01C 1/00, publ. 09/27/2006), which are based on bacterial strains B. subtilis 4-13 and Bacillus mycoides var. V.A. VNIISHM D138, respectively. The use of these drugs increases the yield of agricultural crops due to the fact that the bacteria included in their composition exhibit antagonism towards various phytopathogens and protect plants from diseases.

However, it was not possible to find information in the literature about their ability to improve nitrogen and potassium nutrition of plants. In addition, their effect on increasing the yield of buckwheat and the morphometric parameters of generative organs (and, in particular, inflorescences) has not been described.

There is a known complex of bacterial preparations that are proposed to be used in several stages: 1) before sowing, the seeds were treated with three aqueous solutions of biological preparations and biologically active substances (a preparation based on Azotobacter chroococcum VKPM N B-3721, a preparation based on Bac. mucilaginosus VKPM N B-5987, drug El; 2) adding the drug to the soil before plowing 7-5 days (a drug based on a specific consortium of lactic acid bacteria 5842, VKPM N B-5972 and including Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus salivarius, var. salicinicus, Lactobacillus salivarius, var. salibarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus at the rate of 1 kg/ha); 3) immediately before sowing or during sowing, an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of Az-based preparations was added to the soil. chroococcum , VKPM N B-3721 and Bac. mucilaginosus, VKPM N B-5987; 4) 7-15 days after sowing, an aqueous solution consisting of the same preparations was added again (step 3); 5) after 2 weeks, in the phase of beginning to emerge into the tube, vegetative plants were treated with a preparation based on a specific consortium of lactic acid bacteria 3843, VKPM N B-5974 (RF patent No. 2127509, IPC A01G 7/00, publ. 03.20.1999).

The use of this drug makes it possible to increase productivity and plant survival while simultaneously improving the quality of standard planting material, its yield, and also increasing the winter hardiness of crops, especially fruits. However, the use of this preparation method is quite labor-intensive and involves the preparation of several preparations based on a wide variety of microorganisms, which significantly increases the final cost of the product. In addition, its effectiveness against buckwheat has not been described.

A known microbiological preparation for increasing the yield of agricultural crops, consisting of a mixture of a concentrate of a bacterial suspension of the bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus PBT-1 and a concentrate of a suspension of a strain of the microscopic fungus Penicillium sp. PBT-2, metabolic products and a sterile nutrient medium with a final titer of viable cells in liquid form of the bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus PBT-1 not less than 2.0×10 ⁶ CFU/ml and a strain of the microscopic fungus Penicillium sp. PBT-2 not less than 1.0×10 ³ CFU/ml (RF patent No. 2623156, IPC A01N 63, B09C 1/10, C12R 1/265, C12R 1/80, publ. 06/22/2017).

The invention makes it possible to increase the yield of agricultural crops, including buckwheat. However, the use of this drug involves its use not directly (treatment of seeds, soil or seedlings) but indirectly, to accelerate the decomposition of organic residues of natural origin, in particular straw, before planting it in the soil. Crops are sown in the next growing season. This complicates and complicates the use of this drug and reduces its economic effectiveness.

There are known drugs for increasing the yield of barley and wheat (RF patent No. 2760336, IPC A01N 63/20, published 11/24/2021; RF patent No. 2760337, IPC A01N 63/20, published 11/24/2021), which contain cultural liquids of bacterial strains Acinetobacter johnsonii A1 VKPM V-13867, Pseudarthrobacter equi S2 VKPM V-13868 and Pantoea agglomerans F19 VKPM V-13869 in a ratio of 1:1:1 (for barley) and A. johnsonii A1 VKPM V-13867 and P. agglomerans F19 VKPM V -13869 in a 1:1 ratio (for wheat) with a titer of each bacterial strain of at least 1×10 ⁷ CFU/cm ³ .

The effectiveness of these drugs against buckwheat has not been established.

The closest to the claimed technical solution in terms of purpose and achieved result is a drug for increasing the yield of buckwheat based on the bacterial strain Bacillus mucilaginosus , which has antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms (RF patent No. 2409660, IPC C12N 1/20, published 07/21/2009 ). The strain has antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic microorganisms and the ability to transform phosphorus, which is difficult for plants to access. There is still a need for systems to improve plant growth conditions, particularly by increasing available nitrogen and potassium levels in soil systems. The disadvantages of this technical solution include:

- insufficiently high buckwheat yield when using this drug (by 14.1%);

- inability of the strain to fix nitrogen and solubilize potassium;

- the technical solution does not contain data on the effect of the drug on the morphometric parameters of buckwheat (root mass and number of inflorescences, which are the most important conditions for increasing the yield and adaptability of buckwheat;

- the influence of the strain used on the microbiocenosis of the soil, its microbiological activity and the intensification of mineralization processes was not noted.

Thus, at present, quite a lot of bacterial preparations have been created to stimulate plant growth and increase productivity. However, the creation of new, highly effective drugs is an urgent task, because allows you to obtain drugs with new properties, simplify the process of using the drug, while expanding the range and direction of influence, and significantly reduce production costs.

The technical problem posed by the invention is to expand the range of drugs for restoring soil biocenosis and increasing the yield of buckwheat by restoring soil microbiocenosis, intensifying mineralization processes and stimulating the development of the root system and inflorescences.

The problem posed is solved by the fact that in the known preparation for increasing the yield of buckwheat based on the cultural liquid of bacterial strains, according to the invention, as the cultural liquid of the bacterial strain, it contains a mixture of the cultural liquid of the bacterial strains Acinetobacter johnsonii A1 VKPM B-13867 and Pseudarthrobacter equi S2 VKPM B -13868 in a 1:1 ratio with a titer of each bacterial strain of at least 1x10 ⁷ CFU per 1 cm ³ .

The introduction into the preparation of the bacterial strain Acinetobacter johnsonii A1, deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (VKPM) under registration number VKPM V-13867, stimulates the development of the root system and inflorescences, and, having nitrogen-fixing activity, contributes to better nitrogen nutrition of buckwheat, which ultimately As a result, it leads to an increase in the yield of buckwheat.

It has been established that the introduction of the bacterial strain Pseudarthrobacter equi S2, deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (VKPM) under registration number VKPM B-13868, into the preparation also stimulates the development of the root system and inflorescences. In addition, the strain imparts potassium solubilizing activity to the drug, thereby contributing to better potassium nutrition of buckwheat, and, as a result, leads to an increase in the yield of buckwheat.

It has been experimentally established that the combined use of the above bacterial strains in a 1:1 ratio with a titer of each bacterial strain of at least 1x10 ⁷ CFU per 1 cm ³ provides the drug with an increased complex effect based on the phenomenon of synergy: restores soil microbiocenosis, leads to intensification of mineralization processes and stimulation development of the root system and inflorescences, which ultimately helps to increase the yield of buckwheat. The experimental results are presented in examples.

The invention is illustrated by the following tables:

In table 1. The average values of mineralization coefficients are shown in table. 2- yield of buckwheat and its morphometric parameters.

Example 1. Preparation of the drug.

Cultivation of each strain of bacteria Acinetobacter johnsonii A1 VKPM V-13867, Pseudarthrobacter equi S2 VKPM V-13868 is carried out separately in GRM broth (composition g/l: pancreatic hydrolyzate of fish meal - 8.0; enzymatic peptone - 8.0; sodium chloride - 6.0). The duration of cultivation is 72-96 hours at a temperature of 24-26°C and constant stirring on an orbital shaker with a rotation speed of (180±5) rpm.

Bacterial culture liquids containing living bacterial cells and their metabolites obtained by separate cultivation of producer strains are mixed in equal ratios (1:1). The finished preparation is a liquid from light yellow to light brown in color with a loose precipitate formed during storage, pH - 7-7.2, the total number of viable bacterial cells in 1 cm ³ is not less than 1 * 10 ⁷ . The shelf life of the drug at a temperature of 4-100°C is 3 months, at a temperature of 20-250°C - no more than 8 days.

Example 2. Effect of the drug on the microbiological activity of soil.

The use of the drug for treating buckwheat seeds and soil after seedlings stimulates the vital activity of soil microorganisms, increasing the soil biogenicity by 2 times (581.34 million CFU/g) compared to the control (293.12 million CFU/g). The method of application includes 2 stages of treatment: treatment of buckwheat seeds and spraying of buckwheat plants on seedlings. At the first stage, buckwheat seeds were treated by single spraying at the rate of 10 liters of working liquid per 1 ton of buckwheat seeds, the drug rate was 300 ml per 100 liters of water. At the second stage, a single spraying of buckwheat plants was carried out during the germination phase at the rate of 300 l/ha of working fluid, the drug rate was 1 l/ha. The control was the treatment of buckwheat seeds and vegetative buckwheat plants with seed water.

One of the indicators of the intensification of mineralization processes in the soil, characterizing the initial stage of the process of transformation of organic matter, may be the ratio of bacteria assimilating organic and mineral nitrogen (Mishustin mineralization coefficient). In soils with a more vigorous mineralization process, microorganisms that assimilate mineral nitrogen usually exceed in number the microflora that develops at the expense of organic nitrogen. We have established that the mineralization coefficient when using the claimed drug is 5 times higher than the control indicators, the mineralization coefficient of the standard is 3 times higher than the control (see Table 1).

Thus, the claimed drug, when treating seeds and soil according to seedlings, has a positive effect on increasing the total microbial number of soil and leads to the intensification of mineralization processes.

Example 3. Growth-stimulating effect of drugs when treating buckwheat seeds.

The growth-stimulating effect was studied by identifying the potential synergistic effect of the studied bacteria on seed germination. For this purpose, working suspensions of microorganisms were combined in a 1:1 ratio. Buckwheat seeds, in the amount of 100 pieces of each variety, were soaked in the inventive preparation, the exposure time was 30 minutes. Then all the seeds were placed in 10 pieces on the surface of filter paper moistened with sterile water in sterile Petri dishes for germination. Seeds were germinated at 23°C. On the 3rd day, germination energy was determined, on the 7th day, laboratory germination was determined, and the length of the shoot and the length of the roots were assessed. Treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with water served as control. To compare the effects, we used known drugs to increase the yield of spring barley and spring wheat, including the bacterial strains used in the proposed drug. As a result of exposure to the drug, an increase in the germination energy of buckwheat seeds was observed by an average of 48% (from 25 to 72%) (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the untreated control; increase in laboratory germination of buckwheat seeds - by 52%; increase in the length of the aboveground part of buckwheat seedlings - by 31%; increase in the length of the root of buckwheat seedlings - by 97%.

Example 4. Increasing the yield of buckwheat.

Field research was carried out on the experimental fields of the Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Far East named after. A.K. Chaika (Primorsky Territory, Ussuriysk, Timiryazevsky village. Two varieties of buckwheat were taken as the object of research: Izumrud and Ussurochka. The plot area is 15 ^m2 , the location is randomized, the repetition is threefold. The method of application includes 2 stages of treatment: seed treatment and spraying of plants according to seedlings. At the first stage, the seeds were treated by a single spraying at the rate of 10 liters of working fluid per 1 ton of seeds, the rate of the drug was 300 ml per 100 liters of water. At the second stage, a single spraying of plants was carried out in the germination phase at the rate of 300 l/ha of working fluid , the rate of the drug is 1 l/ha. The control was the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with water. To compare the effect, we used known drugs for increasing the yield of spring barley and spring wheat, including the bacterial strains used in the proposed drug.

The results of the experiment on yield are presented in table. 2. As follows from the results obtained, the use of the proposed drug contributes to an increase in the yield of buckwheat by 0.7 t/ha, which exceeds the control indicators by 58.3%.

Example 5. Increasing the mass of buckwheat roots.

A feature of the buckwheat root system is its weak development compared to the above-ground part, which also grows as the grain ripens.

The use of the drug for treating seeds and soil after seedlings stimulates the growth of the root system, increasing the mass of roots (Table 2). The method of application includes 2 stages of treatment: seed treatment and spraying of plants on seedlings. At the first stage, the seeds were treated by single spraying at the rate of 10 liters of working liquid per 1 ton of seeds, the drug rate was 300 ml per 100 liters of water. At the second stage, plants were sprayed once during the germination phase at the rate of 300 l/ha of working fluid, the drug rate was 1 l/ha. Treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with water served as control. To compare the effects, we used known drugs to increase the yield of spring barley and spring wheat, including the bacterial strains used in the proposed drug.

Example 6. Increasing the number of inflorescences on one plant.

A large inflorescence is the most important condition for increasing the productivity and adaptability of buckwheat. The use of the drug for treating seeds and soil after seedlings stimulates the formation of inflorescences, increasing the number of inflorescences with fruits by 35% (Table 2). The method of application includes 2 stages of treatment: seed treatment and spraying of plants on seedlings. At the first stage, the seeds were treated by single spraying at the rate of 10 liters of working liquid per 1 ton of seeds, the drug rate was 300 ml per 100 liters of water. At the second stage, plants were sprayed once during the germination phase at the rate of 300 l/ha of working fluid, the drug rate was 1 l/ha. Treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with water served as control. To compare the effects, we used known drugs to increase the yield of spring barley and spring wheat, including the bacterial strains used in the proposed drug.

Thus, the use of the claimed drug, which includes natural strains of bacteria with nitrogen-fixing, potassium solubilizing, phytoprotective and growth-stimulating activities, expands the range of drugs for increasing the yield of buckwheat by restoring soil microbiocenosis, intensifying mineralization processes and stimulating the development of the root system and inflorescences.

Claims (1)

A preparation for increasing the yield of buckwheat based on the cultural liquid of a bacterial strain, characterized in that as a cultural liquid of a bacterial strain it contains a mixture of the cultural liquid of the bacterial strains Acinetobacter johnsonii A1 VKPM B-13867 and Pseudarthrobacter equi S2 VKPM B-13868 in a 1:1 ratio with a titer of each bacterial strain of at least 1×10 ⁷ CFU per 1 cm ³ .