RU2733778C1 - Self-cleaning filter for cleaning of liquid from garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of water, industrial and household waste water.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to liquid purification means and can be used, in particular, for cleaning water from garbage in large water lines, for example, in pressure pipelines of circulating water of cooling systems of condensers of steam turbines. Self-cleaning filter for cleaning of liquid from garbage, having fixed in cut on pressure section of pipeline fixed housing and system of automatic control of process of self-cleaning filter contains: fixed frame inside housing with fixed filter surface; located on the side of the inlet end along the liquid flow of the frame end, a rotary dustbin chamber, which is installed on the sliding bearings and is connected to the garbage discharge line; electric motor with reduction gear 40 of said rotary garbage chamber comprises drive and driven elements interacting with each other. Driven element is a driven shaft, one end of which is rigidly fixed in the hole of the sliding bearing, and at the other end a worm wheel is installed. At that, the driven element is installed on motor shaft 39, which is connected to the garbage chamber, to ensure its rotation. Drive element is composite driving shaft with worm installed on it, which interacts with worm wheel, At that, drive element shaft is fitted on plain bearing at support point in wall of said fixed case. At that, all sliding bearings are coated with Stellite 1 hardening coating. Due to the fact that cylindrical shaft of rotary dust collecting chamber and drive shaft are installed on sliding bearings on which there is applied a hardening coating from Stellite 1, higher wear resistance of sliding bearings of self-cleaning filter.

EFFECT: due to the rotary dustbin chamber implementation, and the fixed filtering surface, the power consumption and load on the self-cleaning filter sliding bearings is reduced.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

Scope of use

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of liquid purification and can be used, in particular, for water purification from debris in large water conduits, for example, in pressure pipelines of circulating water of cooling systems of steam turbine condensers.

State of the art

From the prior art, a self-cleaning filter closest to the claimed invention is known for cleaning liquid from debris, containing a fixed cylindrical body installed in a cut on the pressure section of the pipeline, inside which a rotary frame with a filtering surface fixed inside it is coaxially installed, as well as a rotary frame drive, and a waste collection chamber located stationary on the side of the frame end inlet along the fluid flow path, connected to the waste removal line. The self-cleaning filter additionally comprises a means for sealing the gap between the housing and the end of the rim of the rotary frame from the side of the liquid inlet, made in the form of an annular sealing element attached to the inner surface of the housing, and an automatic control system for the filter self-cleaning process. In this case, the pivot frame of a self-cleaning filter for cleaning liquid from debris is made in the form of a pivot axis with a hub fixed on it, a lantern rim connected to the hub by longitudinal plate spokes dividing the frame into identical sectors, and a filtering surface sectioned along the indicated sectors, each section of which is made in the form of a pyramidal basket made of wire mesh or perforated sheets fixed along the perimeter of the sector between the spokes, the rim and the hub. Moreover, the pyramidal baskets of all sections are directed by the pyramid bases to the flow of the liquid to be cleaned, and each lamellar spoke of the pivot frame has the shape of a geometric figure with two right angles and with at least partially beveled towards the rim of the liquid outlet side. The drive of the pivot frame of the self-cleaning filter for cleaning the liquid from debris is made reversible and contains an electric motor, a reducer and a drive sprocket interacting with the pin rim of the said pivot frame. The garbage collection chamber of a self-cleaning filter for cleaning a liquid, equipped with a filtering surface sectioned into sectors of the rotary frame, is made with radial side walls and repeats the sector of the specified frame in the inlet section. In this case, the waste collection chamber contains a means for sealing the gap between the inlet end of the waste collection chamber and the sector with a section of the filtering surface during its alignment with the specified inlet end, made in the form of two radial sealing elements attached respectively to two radial walls of the waste collection chamber (patent RU 95544 U1, published on July 10, 2010 (hereinafter - [1])).

The disadvantages of a self-cleaning filter known from [1] are:

- accelerated wear of the sliding bearings due to the high load on them arising from the rotation of the frame mounted on them with the filtering surface fixed inside it to ensure its cleaning;

- high energy consumption due to the need to rotate the frame with the filtering surface fixed inside it by means of a drive to ensure its cleaning.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to improve the reliability of a self-cleaning filter for cleaning liquid from debris, and the technical results are to increase the wear resistance of the sliding bearings of the self-cleaning filter; reduction of energy consumption of the self-cleaning filter; and reducing the load on the sliding bearings of the self-cleaning filter.

The solution of this problem by achieving the indicated technical results is ensured by the fact that a self-cleaning filter for cleaning liquid from debris, which has a fixed body installed in a cut on the pressure head section of the pipeline and an automatic control system for the filter self-cleaning process, contains:

- a fixed frame installed coaxially inside the specified housing with a filtering surface fixed inside it;

- a rotary waste collection chamber located on the side of the end face of the frame inlet along the fluid flow, which is mounted on sliding bearings and connected to the waste removal line;

- the drive of the above-mentioned rotary waste collection chamber containing an electric motor and a mechanical transmission;

- while the driving element of the above mechanical transmission is in interaction with the driven element mounted on a shaft connected to the waste collection chamber;

- while the shaft of the driving element is mounted on a sliding bearing at the place of support in the wall of the above-mentioned fixed body;

- all of the aforementioned plain bearings are coated with a stellite hardening coating.

The causal relationship between the distinctive features of the claimed invention and the above technical results is that:

- execution in a stationary form of the frame, coaxially installed inside the body, and execution in a rotary form of the waste collection chamber located on the side of the end of the frame inlet along the fluid flow, provides a reduction in the energy consumption of the self-cleaning filter due to the fact that to rotate the waste collection chamber without rotating the frame with the fixed inside it, the filtering surface requires less energy to create the necessary torque than in the self-cleaning filter known from the prior art [1], in which the waste collection chamber is made stationary, and the frame mounted on bearings with the filtering surface fixed inside it is rotary, since the mass the waste collection chamber, mounted on the above bearings, is significantly less than the mass of the frame with the filtering surface fixed inside it, which also reduces the load on the sliding bearings of the self-cleaning filter;

- installation of a rotary waste collection chamber and a shaft of a driving element on sliding bearings, on which a reinforcing stellite coating is applied, provides an increase in the wear resistance of the sliding bearings of the self-cleaning filter.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of a self-cleaning filter from the side of viewing windows. FIG. 2 shows a view of the self-cleaning filter in section AA. FIG. 3 is a view of the self-cleaning filter from the side of the dirty liquid flow inlet. FIG. 4 shows a view of a self-cleaning filter in section BB. FIG. 5 is a view of the filtering surface from the contaminated liquid inlet side. FIG. 6 is a view of the filtering surface in section AA. FIG. 7 is a view of the rotary waste collection chamber from the side of the contaminated liquid flow inlet. FIG. 8 shows a view of a rotary waste collection chamber in section BB. FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of an automatic control system for the filter self-cleaning process.

Description of drawing positions

1 - conical shell;

2 - cylindrical shell;

3 - conical shell;

4, 5 - flanges;

6 - garbage disposal line;

7 - flange;

8 - flange bushing;

9 - hardening coating;

10 - large ring;

11 - small ring;

12 - radial ribs;

13 - basket;

14 - clamp;

15 - screw;

16 - prismatic tray;

17 - hollow cylindrical shaft;

18 - rubber seal;

19 - bushing;

20 - hardening coating;

21 - driven shaft;

22 - worm wheel;

23 - composite drive shaft;

24 - worm;

25 - cylindrical branch;

26 - flange;

27 - cylindrical plate;

28 - flange bushing;

29 - hardening coating;

30 - cylindrical branch;

31 - flange;

32 - cylindrical plate;

33 - swing bolts;

34 - plate;

35 - bushing;

36 - stuffing box seal;

37 - clamping sleeve;

38 - clutch;

39 - shaft;

40 - electric motor with a gearbox;

41 - hatch with a viewing window;

42 - viewing window;

43 - sensor of the current value of the differential pressure;

44 - setpoint value of differential pressure;

45 - sensor of the current value of the magnitude of the electric current;

46, 47 - power terminals;

48 - setter of the maximum permissible value of the specified current;

49 - starting device for an electric motor with a gearbox;

50 - device for switching on the reverse;

51 - shut-off valves;

52 - pipeline;

53 - time relay;

54 - the first controller;

55 is the second controller.

Implementation of the invention

Below is a particular example of the design and operation of the claimed self-cleaning filter for cleaning liquid from debris.

The stationary body of a self-cleaning filter consists of three sequentially butt-welded parts made of stainless steel sheet 12X18H10T: conical shell 1; cylindrical shell 2, the inner diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the large base of the conical shell 1; and a conical shell 3, the inner diameter of the large base of which is equal to the inner diameter of the large base of the conical shell 1 and the inner diameter of the cylindrical shell 2 (Fig. 1). At the open ends of the conical shells 1 and 3, which have equal small internal diameters, 2 flanges 4 and 5, respectively, of 12X18H10T stainless steel are welded, intended for installing a self-cleaning filter into the cut on the pressure head section of the pipeline (Fig. 2).

Waste removal line 6 is a pipe with an angular rotation of 90 °, consisting of pipe segments made of stainless steel 12X18H10T, connected by detachable and one-piece welded joints (Fig. 2). In this case, the outlet end of the debris removal line 6 passes through a hole in the wall of the conical shell 1, the axis of symmetry of which is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the conical shell 1. At the input end of the debris removal line 6, at the junction of the large base of the conical shell 1 and the cylindrical shell 2, a flange 7 is welded , made of stainless steel grade 12X18H10T. At the same time, on the flange 7, a flange bushing 8 made of 12X18H10T stainless steel is installed, which acts as a sliding bearing, with a hardening coating 9 4 mm thick from stellite applied to the side surface of its outer wall above the flange by plasma surfacing, which was Stellite 1 based on cobalt, having the following component composition: chromium (Cr) - 32 wt.%; tungsten (W) - 12 wt%; carbon (C) - 2.45 wt%; Nickel (Ni) <3.0 wt%; molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 wt%; iron (Fe) <3.0 wt%; silicon (Si) <2.0 wt%; cobalt (Co) - the rest is up to 100% (Fig. 2).

A fixed frame is welded to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 2 with a filtering surface fixed to it. The fixed frame contains coaxially oriented interconnected rings made of stainless steel 12X18H10T: a large ring 10 with grooves, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the cylindrical shell 2; and a small ring 11 with grooves, the outer diameter of which is 5 times less than the outer diameter of the large ring 10. Moreover, these rings 10 and 11 are interconnected by means of twelve radial ribs 12 of 12X18H10T stainless steel installed and welded in their grooves, thus that said rings 10, 11 and radial ribs 12 form twelve through identical sections between them. The filtering surface is formed by the aforementioned twelve sections, in each of which baskets 13 completely covering their areas are installed with the help of clamps 14, which are fixed in threaded holes on the end surfaces of the radial ribs 12 with screws 15. In this case, the baskets 13 are installed in such a way that their bases facing the flow of contaminated liquid entering through the conical shell 1. Baskets 13 are made of stainless steel mesh 12X18H10T with a mesh size of 5 × 5 mm, and the clamps 14 are made of stainless steel sheet 12X18H10T (Figs. 2, 5, 6).

The rotary waste collection chamber consists of a prismatic chute 16 made of 12X18H10T stainless steel sheet, which is connected by a one-piece welded joint to a 17 hollow cylindrical shaft made of 12X18H10T stainless steel pipe. The shape of the inlet section of the tray 16 follows the shape of the above section of the filtering surface. The tray 16 is provided with rubber seals 18 on the edges adjacent to the fixed frame section. At one end of the hollow cylindrical shaft 17 there is an opening for debris removal into the debris discharge line 6 (Figs. 2, 4, 7, 8).

The rotary waste collection chamber is installed with the inlet section facing the flow of the liquid to be cleaned on the flanged sleeve 8 in such a way that the inner wall of the end of the hollow cylindrical shaft 17, which has an opening for debris removal into the debris removal line 6, is in contact with the reinforcing coating 9. In this case to the inner surface of the other open end of the hollow cylindrical shaft 17, a sleeve 19 made of 12X18H10T stainless steel is welded with an overlap, which acts as a sliding bearing, on the open surface of the outer side wall of which a hardening coating 20 4 mm thick from stellite was applied by the method of plasma surfacing, which was also used as Stellite 1. The bushing 19 has an opening for the keyed connection, oriented coaxially with the cylindrical shaft 17. In this case, the inner surface of the wall of the small ring 11 interacts with the reinforcing coating 20 on the open surface of the bushing 19 (Fig. 2).

The driven element is a driven shaft 21 with a worm wheel 22 installed at its end, which are made of 12X18H10T stainless steel. The driven shaft 21 freely passes through the small ring 11 and one of its ends is rigidly fixed in the above bore of the sleeve 19 by means of a keyed connection. In this case, the other end of the driven shaft 21 with the worm wheel 22 mounted on it is located in the inner part of the conical shell 3 coaxially with it (Fig. 2).

In the conical shell 3 perpendicular to its axis of symmetry with a radial offset relative to it, a driving element is installed, which is a composite drive shaft 23 with a worm 24 mounted on it by means of screw connections, so that the worm 24 is in interaction with the worm wheel 22. the drive shaft 23 and the worm 24 are made of stainless steel 12X18H10T (Fig. 2, 4). The conical shell 3 has a cylindrical outlet 25, the axis of symmetry of which is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the shell 3 and is displaced along the radius relative to it, with a flange 26 made of 12X18H10T stainless steel welded to it, on which a blind flat cylindrical plate 27 of 12X18H10T stainless steel is installed (Fig. . 4). On the inner wall of the cylindrical plate 27, coaxially with it, a cylindrical flange bushing 28, which serves as a sliding bearing, is rigidly fixed with screws, which is made of stainless steel 12X18H10T. On the surface of the cylindrical recess formed by the inner wall of the sleeve 28 and a part of the inner wall of the cylindrical plate 27, a reinforcing stellite coating 29 was applied by plasma cladding, which also served as Stellite 1. The supporting end of the drive shaft 23 is installed in the above-mentioned cylindrical recess formed surfaces of the cylindrical plate 27 and sleeve 28, so that it interacts with the reinforcing coating 29 (Fig. 4).

On the opposite side of the side wall of the conical shell 3, coaxially with the cylindrical outlet 25, there is a cylindrical outlet 30 with a flange 31 of stainless steel 12X18H10T welded to it. At the same time, on the specified flange of the cylindrical outlet 30, a flat cylindrical plate 32 made of 12X18H10T stainless steel with a cylindrical hole in which the drive shaft 23 is installed is coaxially mounted with it. In the annular gap between the drive shaft 23 and the cylindrical hole in the flat cylindrical plate 32 using two pivot bolts 33 and a flat plate 34, having recesses for the said pivot bolts 33, a cylindrical hollow bushing 35 made of stainless steel 12X18H10T with a stuffing box seal 36 and a clamping sleeve 37 installed in it is attached. The end of the composite drive shaft 23 coming out of the cylindrical hole in a flat cylindrical plate 32 is connected through a coupling 38 to the shaft 39 of an electric motor with a gearbox 40, which was used as a motor reducer HGF2-45N80-T750KF (Fig. 4).

On the side wall of the conical shell 1 there is a hatch with a viewing window 41, designed for additional visual inspection of the filtering surface and for manual cleaning of the baskets 13 of the filtering surface from the inlet side along the stream of purified water in case of jamming of the prismatic tray 16. On the side wall of the conical shell 3 there is also viewing window 42, designed for additional visual inspection of the filtering surface from the outlet side along the stream of water to be purified (Fig. 1, 2).

The automatic control system of the filter self-cleaning process comprises: a sensor 43 of the current value of the pressure drop between the two sides of the filtering surface, the impulse lines of which are installed on the surfaces of the inner walls of the conical shells 1 and 3 and which was used as a pressure drop sensor Sapphire-22EM; setpoint 44 values of the pressure drop between the two sides of the filtering surface, which determine the inclusion and shutdown of the cleaning process, as well as the maximum allowable pressure drop; sensor 45 of the current value of the electric current supply from the network terminals 46, 47 of the electric motor with a gearbox 40; setter 48 of the maximum permissible value of the specified current, a starting device 49 of an electric motor with a gearbox 40; a device for switching on the reverse 50 of the electric motor with a gearbox 40; an electric drive (not shown in the figure) of shut-off valves 51 installed at the outlet end of the pipeline 52 connected to the outlet of the debris removal line 6; time relay 53; and also the first and second controllers 54 and 55, respectively. In this case, the inputs of the first controller 54 are connected to the specified sensor of the current value of the differential pressure 43 and the setpoint 44 of the specified values of the differential pressure, which determine the activation and deactivation of the cleaning process, and the outputs are connected to an electric shut-off valve installed at the outlet end of the pipeline 52 connected to the outlet of the branch line debris 6, and with a starting device 49 of an electric motor with a gearbox 40. The inputs of the second controller 55 are connected to a sensor 45 of the current value of the electric current supplying an electric motor with a gearbox 40 and a setpoint 48 of the maximum permissible value of the specified current, and the outputs are connected to a device for switching on the reverse 50 of the electric motor with a gearbox 40 and through a time relay 53 with a starting device 49 of an electric motor with a gearbox 40 (Fig. 9).

The self-cleaning filter works as follows.

A self-cleaning filter is installed in the cut on the pressure head section of the pipeline using flanges 4 and 5 so that contaminated water enters its inlet into the conical shell 1 and then, passing through the filtering surface installed in the cylindrical shell 2, enters its outlet into the conical shell 3 in a purified form (Fig. 9).

When contaminated water moves along the pressure head section of the pipeline, the debris in it is retained in the baskets 13 of the filtering surface. As the debris accumulates in the baskets 13 of the filter surface, the hydraulic resistance of the self-cleaning filter increases, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the pressure drop between its inlet and outlet. When the current value of the differential pressure between the two sides of the filtering surface measured by the sensor 43 reaches the differential pressure value set by the adjuster 44, which determines the activation of the cleaning process, the first controller 54 generates control signals for the activation of the starting device 49 of the electric motor with the gearbox 40 of the drive of the rotary waste collection chamber and for opening shut-off valves 51, installed at the outlet end of the pipeline 52, connected to the outlet of the debris removal line 6. At the same time, under the action of the pressure drop arising on the debris removal line 6, part of the purified water in a reverse flow flushes debris from the basket 13 of the filtering surface section, which is aligned with the inlet section of the tray 16 waste collection chambers. When rotating the rotary waste collection chamber in the same way, the baskets 13 of all twelve sections of the filtering surface are washed in turn. After reducing the hydraulic resistance of the filter to an acceptable level, the first controller 54 sends a command to the starting device 49 to turn off the electric motor with a gearbox 40 and to close the shut-off valve 51 installed at the outlet end of the pipeline 52. In the event of improper operation of the automation to maintain the periodic filter operation, for example, at incorrectly set values of pressure drop to stop washing, the maximum time of continuous operation of the self-cleaning filter is set, after which the washing process is stopped. If, after the specified maximum washing time, for one reason or another, the pressure drop across the filter has not decreased to the specified value, an alarm is triggered for the self-cleaning filter. When the rotation of the rotary garbage collection chamber stops, as a result of its jamming, the current value of the electric current passing through the sensor 45 increases sharply.When the limit value of the current set by the setpoint 48 is exceeded, the second controller 55 sends a command to the reverse switching device 50 of the electric motor with a gearbox 40. In this case, the chute 16 of the waste collection chamber is released, which begins to rotate in the opposite direction until its new possible jamming, after which the reverse is switched on again. If, after turning on the reverse, the current value does not decrease, after a predetermined time, the time relay 53 is turned on with a command to the starting device 49 for emergency shutdown of the electric motor with a gearbox 40.

Due to the fact that the cylindrical shaft 17 of the rotary waste collection chamber and the drive shaft 23 are mounted on slide bearings coated with a hardening coating of Stellite 1, the wear resistance of the slide bearings of the self-cleaning filter is increased. Due to the design of the waste collection chamber, rotary, and the filtering surface is stationary, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of the self-cleaning filter and reduce the load on the sliding bearings of the self-cleaning filter.

Industrial applicability

The self-cleaning filter for cleaning liquids from debris according to the patented invention meets the condition "industrial applicability". The essence of the technical solution is disclosed in the formula, description and drawings clearly enough for understanding and industrial implementation by the relevant specialists on the basis of the state of the art in the field of liquid purification means.

Claims (7)

A self-cleaning filter for cleaning liquid from debris, having a fixed body installed in a cut on the pressure head section of the pipeline and an automatic control system for the filter self-cleaning process, characterized in that it contains: - a fixed frame installed coaxially inside the specified housing with a filtering surface 13 fixed inside it; - a rotary waste collection chamber located on the side of the end of the frame inlet along the fluid flow, which is installed on sliding bearings 8 and connected to the waste removal line 6; - an electric motor with a gearbox 40 of the aforementioned rotary waste collection chamber, containing a leading and a driven elements that are in interaction with each other; - in this case, the driven element is a driven shaft 21, one end of which is rigidly fixed in the bore of the sliding bearing 19, and a worm wheel 22 is installed at the other end, and the driven element is mounted on the shaft 39 of the electric motor, which is connected to the waste collection chamber, to ensure its rotation ; - the driving element is a composite driving shaft 23 with a worm 24 mounted on it, interacting with a worm wheel 22, while the driving element shaft 23 is mounted on a sliding bearing 28 at the point of support in the wall of the above stationary housing; - while all plain bearings are covered with a stellite hardening coating.

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