RU2605664C1 - Light small arms with automated electro-optical sighting system and aiming method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to weapons. Light small arms with automatic electro-optical sighting system comprises fore grip with butt, barrel, mounted on fore grip with possibility of its position angular change in two mutually perpendicular planes by means of piezoelectric actuator, located between barrel and fore grip in fore grip middle zone, and barrel to fore grip attachment mechanism to fore grip front zone. Gun also comprises electro-optical device with laser range-finder installed with possibility of angular position change relative to barrel in two mutually perpendicular planes and angular position sensors relative to barrel and control unit, made with possibility of manual and/or automated data input on value of angles between barrel axis and electro-optical device optical axis, distance to target, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, ammunition ballistic parameters, connected with electro-optical device and actuator. Actuator is installed with help of spring mechanism and made in form of piezoelectric activators, placed in mounting bracket and providing for barrel movement by azimuth and elevation angle. Electro-optical device consists of optical system, light-sensitive matrix and screen. Also disclosed is method of automated electro-optical aiming, according to which at least one of following parameters are input into control unit: distance to target, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, ammunition ballistic parameters, produced using electron-optical sensor video signal is processed, using it determining outlines of at least one target and relevant aiming mark, performing preliminary aiming. Then calculating correcting angles between direction of firing by aiming mark and shot hit calculated point, after which generating control signal to actuator piezoelectric activators, converting received signal into barrel angular displacement relative to fore grip at least in one plane. After matching shot hit calculated point position with aiming mark shot is performed.

EFFECT: technical result is increasing accuracy and speed of aiming, including with using of aiming point forming processes automation system.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to weapons technology, in particular to sights and devices using electronic means, and can be used in small arms. Known optical sight on hunting rifles and small arms, containing an optical device with a laser range finder mounted on a weapon, the mechanism for moving the aiming mark horizontally and vertically (RF patent N2294511, CL F41G 3/00, publ. March 20, 2004) - prototype.

The design of such a sight cannot provide high accuracy of aiming; it does not take into account the distance to the target, the position of small arms, the influence of the environment (transverse wind, air temperature, atmospheric pressure), which reduces the probability of hitting the target.

A device for the automated aiming and firing of small arms, consisting of equipment placed in the equipment of a shooter, and equipment placed on small arms, which is interconnected using two transceivers or using cables (RF patent N2294511, class F41G 1 / 42, published on February 27, 2007). Equipment placed on small arms contains an optical-electronic sensor, a roll indicator, a laser range finder, an analog-to-digital voltage-to-serial converter, a transmitter for the first information transceiver, a receiver for the second information transceiver, a first electronic key, a power supply unit and an electromagnet with an armature. The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is expressed in increasing the accuracy and speed of aiming and firing, effective firing range. The implementation of the principle used to trigger the electronic trigger when the aiming mark coincides with the aim leads to unpredictable delays in the moment of the shot, which is unacceptable in most cases of the use of small arms.

The technical result from the use of the proposed technical solution is to increase the accuracy and speed of aiming, including using an automation system for the formation of the aiming point. The claimed technical result is achieved thanks to the proposed device and method.

Small arms with an automated electron-optical aiming system contains an electron-optical system with a screen and a laser range finder mounted on the weapon, a mechanism for moving the aiming mark horizontally and vertically, and an actuator. In this case, the weapon barrel is mounted on the forend with the possibility of angularly changing its position in two mutually perpendicular planes by means of a piezoelectric actuator located between the barrel and the forearm in the middle zone of the forearm and the mechanism for attaching the barrel to the forearm to the foregrip. An electron-optical device with a laser rangefinder and angular position sensors is installed with the possibility of angular changes in its position relative to the barrel in two mutually perpendicular planes (corresponding to the movement of the sighting mark horizontally and vertically). The weapon is additionally equipped with a control unit configured to manually and / or automatically enter data on the magnitude of the angles between the axis of the barrel and the optical axis of the electron-optical device, distance to the target, roll of the weapon, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, ammunition ballistic parameters and etc., and appropriate sensors. The actuator is installed using a spring mechanism and is made in the form of piezoelectric activators located in the mounting bracket and providing movement of the barrel in azimuth and elevation. The electron-optical device includes an optical system and an electron-optical sensor, and depending on the embodiment, it can also constructively include a control unit and a screen for displaying the sight field of view. In other embodiments, the control unit may be included in the arrow equipment in a separate housing, and the screen may be handed out to a separate console or mounted on a helmet. In this case, the connection of the parts of the electron-optical system is carried out via wired communication lines or via a short-range radio channel.

As an electron-optical sensor, a photosensitive matrix or a thermosensitive matrix can be used.

The automated electron-optical aiming method includes either entering into the control unit automatically or manually entering at least one of the following parameters: distance to the target, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, weapon roll, installation angles of the electron-optical device relative to the barrel, ballistic parameters of ammunition. Based on these data, the coordinates of the calculated shot hit point (RTPV) are calculated and displayed on the screen, taking into account the angular position of the electron-optical device relative to the barrel (position of the aiming mark). Advantageously, when using the method, the video signal obtained using the electron-optical sensor is processed, the contours of at least one target and the corresponding aiming mark (MP) are determined from it, a visually highlighted zone of the limit of the automated aiming is formed and displayed on the screen of the electron-optical device ( EOU) the field of view of the sight with a dedicated zone of the limit of the automated aiming. After that, preliminary aiming is carried out, manually combining the selected position of the weapon with the available accuracy with the selected MP with the zone of the limit of automated aiming (if possible with RPTV), and calculate the correcting angles between the direction of the shot at the aiming mark (MP) and the estimated point of hit of the shot (RTV) . Then, a control signal is generated on the piezoelectric actuator actuators that convert the received signal into the angular displacement of the barrel relative to the forearm in at least one plane. After the position of the estimated point of impact of the shot (RTPV) coincides with the aiming mark (MP), a shot is fired.

The voltage control on the piezoelectric activators can be performed both continuously and starting from the moment of completion of the preliminary aiming.

In FIG. 1 shows small arms with an automated electron-optical aiming system.

In FIG. 2 - section aa.

In FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an automated electron-optical aiming system.

1 - trunk;

2 - forend;

3 - electron-optical device;

4 - laser range finder;

5 - device for attaching the barrel to the forearm;

6 - actuator, changing the angular position of the barrel relative to the forearm;

7 - interface for manual data entry;

8 - trigger;

9 - a device for attaching an electron-optical device to the barrel;

10 - a device for adjusting the position of the electron-optical device relative to the barrel;

11 - piezoelectric activator for moving the barrel vertically;

12 - piezoelectric activator for moving the barrel horizontally;

13 - spring return barrel vertically;

14 - horizontal spring return barrel;

15 - mounting bracket (actuator housing 6);

16 - optical system;

17 - photosensitive matrix;

18 - control unit;

19 - screen;

20 - Executive device for adjusting the position of the electronic optical device horizontally;

21 - Executive device for adjusting the position of the electron-optical device vertically;

22 - climate sensor (wind, temperature, humidity);

23 - position sensor EOW relative to the barrel in elevation;

24 - sensor position of the barrel of the EOW relative to the barrel in azimuth;

25 - weapon roll sensor;

26 - executive device for executing a shot;

27 - clamp mounting actuator 6 to the barrel.

The automated electron-optical aiming system (AEOSP) is mounted on small arms and includes an electron-optical device (EOU) 3 mounted on the barrel 1 using an attachment device 3. The EOU is mounted with the possibility of changing the angular position in two planes. The piezoelectric actuator 10 is made to move the second mounting point of the electron-optical device 3 to the barrel 1 horizontally and vertically. The mounting mechanism 5 of the barrel 1 to the forearm 2 is installed in the front zone of the forearm. The automated electron-optical aiming system (AEOSP) contains an optical system 16, a laser range finder 4, an electron-optical sensor (photosensitive matrix) 17, a screen 19, a control unit 18 (CU), made with the possibility of manual (using the interface for manual data input 7 ) and / or automated input of data on the magnitude of the angles between the axis of the barrel and the optical axis of the electron-optical device, distance to the target, roll of the weapon, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, ballistic parameters supplies, etc., and a piezoelectric actuator.

The piezoelectric actuator consists of a mounting bracket 15 (rigidly connected to the barrel 1); mounted on it a piezoelectric activator 11, providing movement along the elevation angle, and a piezoelectric activator 12, providing movement in azimuth; and springs 13 and 14, fixing the mounting bracket 15 relative to the forearm 2 on the supporting platforms.

The control unit 18 additionally receives data and control signals from:

- laser range finder 4;

- sensors for wind, temperature and humidity 22;

- sensors position EOW relative to the barrel in azimuth 24 and elevation 23;

- weapon roll sensor 25;

- trigger 8.

The automated electron-optical aiming system (AEOSP) works as follows:

The control unit 18 processes the signal of the electron-optical sensor 17, taking into account the data entered (from the laser rangefinder 4 and sensors 22-25 or manually) into the control unit about the distance to the target, roll of the weapon, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, about the ballistic parameters of ammunition, calculates the direction of the estimated point of impact of the shot (RTPV). Based on the processing results, target contours and aiming marks are also formed for each target located in the sight of the sight, then target and marking contours are superimposed on the raster image of the field of view, which is displayed on screen 19. The screen also shows the RTD, usually in the form of a crosshair lines.

A special interface for manual data input 7 (push-button or touch) allows the shooter to select a target along its contour, assign a serial number to it, and precisely set the aiming mark relative to the contour. The control unit 18 also forms on the screen 19 a visually highlighted zone limit automated targeting. According to the position of the MP relative to this zone, the shooter can assess the possibility of capture of this MP by the automated aiming system. If necessary, changing the position of the forearm 2, the shooter achieves the selected MP falling into the zone of the limit of automated aiming, thereby pre-aiming at the selected target / group of targets. Next, the shooter includes an automated aiming system (it can also be turned on constantly). In this case, the control unit 18 generates control voltages that are applied to the piezoelectric activators. Activators transform the applied voltage into linear displacement in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the barrel, which leads to an angular displacement of the barrel relative to the forearm in at least one plane (vertical or horizontal), so that in this new position the RTG coincides with the magnetic field. Subsequently, during accidental / involuntary fore-end movements, the automated aiming system changes the voltage applied to the activators so that the RTDI coincides with the MP. At the moment determined by the shooter, he fires by pressing the trigger 8. The signal is sent to the control unit 18, which, using the actuator to fire 26, initiates a shot. The control unit 18 also generates control signals for changing, using the actuators 20, 21 included in the actuator 10, the installation angles of the EOU 3 relative to the barrel 1 so that the RPTV is near the center of the screen 19, which is equivalent to setting an aiming mark for mechanical sights. This procedure requires lower performance actuators and can be performed, for example, once at the time of selecting the target.

Group aiming: in the preparation of a shot, the shooter can, with the help of control unit 18 and interface manual input devices, attach several MPs to several objects in the field of view of the EEC, assigning serial numbers to them. In this case, when firing consecutive shots in manual or automatic mode, the RTPV will be guided sequentially at the MP (group shooting). Group automatic firing is performed with the trigger 8 pressed. The control unit 18 initiates subsequent shots after the first shot, depending on the moment the necessary accuracy of pointing at the next aiming mark is achieved.

Correction when shooting on difficult tracks: can be performed in group shooting mode with the first tracer bullet. In this case, it is desirable to select a tracer composition with a luminosity in the near IR range (when using a photosensitive matrix as an electron-optical sensor) or in the middle IR range (for a thermosensitive matrix) in order to minimize the unmasking effect. In this case, the flight path of the first (tracer) bullet will be tracked and processed by AEOSP, and the necessary amendments will be made for subsequent shots.

Claims (3)

1. Small arms with an automated electron-optical aiming system, containing:
- forend with a butt;
- a barrel mounted on the fore-end with the possibility of angularly changing its position in two mutually perpendicular planes by means of a piezoelectric actuator located between the barrel and the fore-end in the middle zone of the fore-end and a mechanism for attaching the barrel to the fore-end to the foregrip;
- installed with the possibility of angular changes in position relative to the barrel in two mutually perpendicular planes, an electron-optical device with a laser range finder and sensors of angular position relative to the barrel;
- a control unit configured to manually and / or automatically enter data on the magnitude of the angles between the axis of the barrel and the optical axis of the electron-optical device, distance to the target, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, ballistic parameters of ammunition, connected to the electron-optical device and actuator;
while the actuator is installed using a spring mechanism and is made in the form of piezoelectric activators located in the mounting bracket and providing movement of the barrel in azimuth and elevation,
and the electron-optical device consists of an optical system, a photosensitive matrix and a screen. 2. A method of automated electron-optical aiming, according to which at least one of the following parameters is introduced into the control unit: distance to the target, wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, ammunition ballistic parameters, the video signal is processed using the electron-optical sensor, determine from it the contours of at least one target and the corresponding mark of aiming, carry out preliminary aiming, calculate the correcting angles between the direction of the lines ate according to the aiming mark and the estimated point of hit of the shot, after which a control signal is generated on the piezoelectric actuator actuators that convert the received signal to the angular displacement of the barrel relative to the forearm in at least one plane, and after the position of the calculated point of hit of the shot coincides with the aiming mark, a shot is fired . 3. The method according to claim 2, in which the video signal is processed with target contours selected, formation of an aiming mark for each target, formation of an automated aiming limit zone, an image with generated aiming marks and a visually highlighted automated aiming limit zone is displayed on the screen of the electron-optical device carry out preliminary aiming by combining the selected aiming mark with the zone of the limit of automated aiming, after which They stimulate the supply of a control signal to piezoelectric activators.

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