RU2603413C2 - Device for drilling holes under pressure uso-70 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to oil and gas and mining industries and can be used for remote drilling of holes in walls of process equipment under pressure. Device comprises a support post, a housing, spindle with a drill and a unit for automatic supply of spindle, lead screw, a connecting flange with pressure control unit, wheel for spindle translation and drive unit for rotation thereof from hydraulic motor. Provided is, located on shaft of a hydraulic motor, a drive gear with two toothed rims engaging with two driven gears, providing simultaneous rotation of spindle around its axis and its translational movement. Support is built-in with a mechanical counter of spindle movement, which provides control and fixation of value of axial movement of spindle and controlling drilling depth.

EFFECT: simplified design and higher reliability.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas exploration and exploration industries and is intended for remote drilling of holes in the walls of technological equipment under pressure, including abnormally high (more than 35 MPa), with the aim of communication with the internal cavity for special work to eliminate emergencies or open gas and oil fountains.

A known design of a device for drilling and milling USF [1] for drilling equipment under pressure, comprising a housing, a support column, a spindle with a drill, a spindle, a connecting flange with a pressure control unit, steering wheels for translational and rotational movement of the drill, a spindle rotation drive unit from a hydraulic motor configured to remotely control the change in working fluid pressure from the hydraulic pump station, and an automatic spindle feed unit equipped with yes with a low-current electric impulse sensor to operate an autonomous electronic digital counter, which is capable of remotely controlling the axial movement of the drill with an accuracy of 1 mm.

However, the known device has a number of design and technological disadvantages:

- the automatic spindle feed unit is structurally made of an unjustifiably large number of parts complicated in the manufacturing technology, which leads to the frequent occurrence of malfunctions, or even breakdowns, of the device during operation;

- for the same reasons, the unreliability of the low-current pulse sensor and the autonomous electronic-digital counter was noted during the device's operation in severe extreme emergency conditions;

- the jerky, jump-like drill feed mode incorporated in the design of the automatic spindle feed assembly does not allow reliable drilling of equipment walls made of high-strength alloyed and wear-resistant steels due to chipping of the cutting edges of drills equipped with carbide inserts;

- there is no possibility of operational control of the magnitude of the axial movement of the spindle during the drilling process and its removal to its original position after the end of the process.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the current design of the drilling device with a more reliable operation, visual monitoring of the processes occurring during operation in convenient units of measurement, providing the opportunity to select the optimal technological conditions when drilling equipment parts made of hard-to-work steel grades.

This goal is achieved by a device for drilling holes under pressure, containing a support column, a housing, a spindle with a drill and a spindle automatic feed unit with a mechanism for turning it on, a lead screw, a connecting flange with a pressure control unit, a steering wheel for translational movement of the spindle and a drive unit for rotating it from the hydraulic motor made with the possibility of remote control of the change in the pressure of the working fluid from the hydraulic pump station, while the device is equipped with Alu of the hydraulic motor of the driving gear with two gear rims, engaged by two driven gears, providing simultaneous rotation of the spindle around its axis and its translational movement with predetermined drilling modes, and a mechanical counter for moving the spindle built into the support column, providing control and fixing the value axial movement of the spindle in the forward and reverse directions and control of the drilling depth, while the support column is made with a detachable ring socket th with a built-in bearings, covering housing unit automatic feed spindle.

The design of the device is shown in FIG. one; in FIG. 2 and 3 - the left and right parts of the device, respectively; in FIG. 4 - section. BB mechanism for turning on the automatic feed (Fig. 2); in FIG. 5 - mechanical counter for moving the spindle; in FIG. 6 - pointer drilling depth; in FIG. 7 - front and side views of the support rack; in FIG. 8 is a mounting diagram of a device for drilling a gate of a malfunctioning lateral valve of a pipe head of a fountain arm in a well.

The device (Fig. 1) consists of: a hollow housing 1, made with a shoulder located in the bearings 14, and with an internal hex hole in its right end; a hollow spindle 2 with a hexagonal shape external to the entire length that enters the internal hexagonal hole of the housing 1 (section AA), with a drill 3 fixed in its right end and an internal trapezoidal thread made in the left end; a lead screw 4, made with a collar placed in the bearings 20, and with an external trapezoidal thread articulated with a mating internal thread of the spindle 2; a connecting flange 5 with a control unit for the pressure in the internal cavity of the device 6; a sealing assembly 7 of the right end of the housing 1 with a compression nut 17 with a screw 18 fixing it on the flange 5; a union nut 8 with a screw fixing it on the nut 17. A sealing assembly 10 of the lead screw 4 with a compression nut 11 with a screw 12 fixing it on the housing 1 is located at the left end of the housing 1; a union nut 13 with a screw 19 fixing it on the nut 11. A driven gear 21 of the spindle rotation drive 4 is fixed by key connection. The housing 22 of the automatic axial feed unit of the spindle 2 with a drill 3 is movably placed on the wheel hub 21 and the neck of the screw 4. The lead screw 4 can be rotated manually by the steering wheel 15 or automatically when the automatic spindle feed unit is turned on.

The spindle automatic feed assembly built into the design of the device consists of a housing 22 made in the form of a sleeve equipped with a sleeve in its right end and a bottom with a central hole in the left end and movably placed on the hub of the driven gear wheel 21 of the spindle 2 drive, an opening bottoms - on the neck of the lead screw 4 located on the side of the helm 15; driven gear 23 fastened to the sleeve of the housing 22 by a key connection and a nut. An annular groove “a” (Fig. 2) is made on the housing 22 from the side of its bottom (Fig. 2) to encircle it with bearings of the annular split socket of the support column.

The bottom of the body 22 of the spindle automatic feed unit is equipped with an automatic feed start mechanism (Fig. 4) and a mechanical spindle movement counter (Fig. 5), and a drilling depth indicator is fixed on the body sleeve (Fig. 6).

The rotation drive unit (Fig. 3) is placed in the plate 28, fastened with a nut 8, and consists of a hydraulic motor 16 with a shaft mounted on its shaft and fastened with it, by means of a key connection, a drive gear made with two gear rims 29 and 30, which engage with the driven gears 21 and 23 of the rotation drive and the axial feed of the spindle 2, respectively. Toothed joints are closed by a protective casing 31. When remotely supplying a hydraulic fluid with excess pressure "P" to the hydraulic motor from a hydraulic pump station located outside the hazardous area of work, the following occurs:

- rotation of the housing 1 together with the spindle 2 located inside it with a rotation frequency specified by the gear ratio of the gear 21 with the ring gear 29 of the drive gear;

- slowed down in relation to the rotation of the housing 1, the rotation of the housing 22, specified by the increased gear ratio of the wheel 23 with the gear ring 30 of the drive gear against the gear ratio of the wheel 21 with the ring 29;

- when the automatic feed switching unit is turned on, the axial feed of the spindle 2 with a drill 3 with a feed rate, for each spindle revolution, is determined by the combination of gear ratios of the driven gears 21, 23 with the gears 29 and 30 of the drive gear and the pitch of the screw 4 according to the formula :

S = [1- (Z ₂₁ : Z ₂₉ ) × (Z ₃₀ : Z ₂₃ )] · t _x. ,

where: S - axial feed of the spindle with a drill, mm / rev;

Z ₂₁ and Z ₂₃ - the number of teeth of the driven gears 21 and 23, respectively;

Z ₂₉ and Z ₃₀ - the number of teeth of the gears, respectively, 29 and 30 of the pinion gear;

t _x.c. - step of trapezoidal thread of the lead screw 4, mm. To change the drilling modes, you can adjust their required parameters (drilling torque and drill feed rate per revolution) by replacing the drive gear with gears 29 and 30 and the driven wheels 21 and 23 meshed with them, each pair of matching gearing modules being selected and the number of teeth.

The automatic feeding start-up mechanism radially built into the bottom hole of the housing 22 (Fig. 4) consists of a threaded sleeve 24, in which, under the action of the spring 32, the rod 33 moves with a screwed threaded pin 34. The upper end of the rod 33 is made with a large diameter belt located in the radial the holes of the bottom of the housing 22, and is equipped with a key protrusion "b", and the lower end of the stem is equipped with a handle 35. The threaded sleeve 24 is locked to the bottom of the housing 22 with a nut 36. A vertical groove with a depth of "H" is made on the lower end of the threaded sleeve 24, for size the position of the threaded pin 34 of the rod 33 in it when the mechanism for turning on the automatic feed is turned on and at an angle of 90 ° to the groove of the hole with a depth of "h", to accommodate the pin 34 in it when the mechanism is turned off.

The mechanism is turned on by acting on the handle 35 in the direction “G” by the value “h” and turning it 90 ° to the side until the position of the pin 34 is aligned with the vertical groove made on the end face of the sleeve 24. After that, the rod 33 under the influence of the spring 32 will move to the stop its key protrusion "b" in the neck of the lead screw 4 and when turning it clockwise with the steering wheel 15 in the bottom of the keyway, made on the neck of the lead screw.

Turning off the automatic feed engaging mechanism is performed by acting on the handle 35 in the direction “G” by the value “H” and turning it 90 ° to the side until the position of the pin 34 is aligned with the hole made at the end of the sleeve 24.

The mechanical counter for moving the spindle is placed in the rack 37 (Fig. 5), fastened to the bottom of the housing 22 in a rectangular sample made at its end, and consists of: the housing 25 with the mechanical counter 38 located inside it; a head 39 located in the bearing 40 and articulated with the left end of the axis and the first leading digital disk of the mechanical counter mechanism 38, which is placed at the bottom of the housing 25 with the right end of its axis; driven gear 41, located on the axis of the head 39 and fastened with a pin 42 and a nut 43; a cover 44 bonded to the housing 25 and the strut 37 with screws 45; the drive gear 45 mounted on the spindle 4 and fastened with a screw 46. The housing 25 is equipped with a longitudinal viewing window, closed by plexiglass 71, to monitor the readings of the digital disks of the mechanical counter mechanism, and a longitudinal groove to accommodate the “paws” of the clips interdisc "gears" of the counter 38.

The counter readings are determined by the equality Z ₄₅ : Z ₄₁ = t _x.c. ,

where: Z ₄₅ and Z ₄₁ - the number of teeth of the drive wheel 45 and the driven gear 41, respectively;

t _x.c. - step of trapezoidal thread of the lead screw 4, mm.

The reference value of the axial movement of the spindle with the drill is as follows.

When the lead screw 4 is rotated by the steering wheel 15 manually (with the hydraulic pump station turned off and the automatic feed activation mechanism is turned off) counterclockwise, the spindle 2 moves forward from the device body 1 by the value of the pitch of the trapezoidal thread of the lead screw for each turn of the steering wheel. In this case, firstly, the first leading digital disk of the mechanical counter mechanism will make a number of revolutions equal to the pitch of the trapezoidal thread of the screw 4 and at the end of each revolution of the leading disk the next digital disk of the counter mechanism will rotate one division (out of ten), t .e. one actuation of the second disk corresponds to a spindle displacement of 1 mm. Secondly, the counter readings in millimeters increase by the value of the pitch of the lead screw for each turn of the helm.

When the lead screw 4 is rotated by the steering wheel 15 manually in a clockwise direction, the spindle moves back inside the device body by the lead screw pitch for each turn of the lead screw and, accordingly, the counter readings decrease by the lead screw pitch for each turn of the screw.

The drilling depth indicator (Fig. 6) consists of a housing 26 with an external thread screw 48 located inside it in bearings 47; a hollow plunger 49 with an internal thread made in its left end, and an external flat “c” and a longitudinal groove “g”; driven gear 50, located on the axis of the screw 48 and fastened with a pin 51 and a nut 52; locking screws 53 and 54 of the housing 26, the ends of which are inserted into the annular groove of the screw 48 and the longitudinal groove of the plunger 49, respectively, limit the screw 48 from axial movements and the plunger 49 from rotation, respectively; the drive gear 55 (Fig. 2), fastened to the housing 1 of the device by a screw 56 and a nut 57. The housing 26 is placed in the groove of the bracket 58 and fastened to it by the nut 59. The bracket 58 is fastened to the housing 22 by bolts 60. On the flat of the plunger 49, starting from its right end, a metric scale is applied with a division price of 1 mm.

The extension of the plunger 49 from the housing 26 with the drilling depth gauge turned on when drilling the hole (the drive gear 55 and the driven gear 50 are engaged) is determined by the equality:

(Z _55: Z ₅₀₎ · t _VU = t _h.v. ,

where: Z ₅₅ and Z ₅₀ - the number of teeth of the driving gear 55 and the driven gear 50, respectively;

t _in.y. - thread lead screw 48 pointer, mm;

t _x.c. - step of trapezoidal thread of the lead screw 4, mm.

The control of the drilling depth is as follows. Before drilling the wall of technological equipment, the gear 50 of the drilling depth indicator with the combined end face of the plunger 49 with the end face “E” of the housing 26 is engaged with the drive wheel 55 by loosening the nut 59, moving the housing 22 along the groove of the bracket 58 until the gear teeth 50 are joined to the wheel 55 and the subsequent tightening of the nut 59. When the automatic spindle feed unit is turned on by inserting the keyed protrusion of the rod 33 into the keyway of the spindle 4 and supplying excess hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic motor With the help of “P” from the hydraulic pump station, the driven gears 21 and 23 are driven into rotation at different angular speeds. Slow rotation of the wheel 23 is transmitted to the housing 22 with the drilling depth control unit and the spindle 4 through the stem 33 of the automatic feed engaging mechanism fastened to the housing 22. The accelerated rotation of the wheel 21 is transmitted to the housing 1 and the spindle 2. Wheels 21 and 23 begin to move relative to each other during rotation each other in the tangential direction and the spindle 2 with a drill 3, articulated with a lead screw 4, as well as a plunger 49, articulated with a screw 48 that engages its gear 50 with the wheel 55 attached to the housing 1, start synchronously move forward. At each complete lag of one revolution of the wheel 23 relative to the wheel 21, the spindle 2 and the plunger 49 synchronously advance forward by the value of the pitch of the trapezoidal thread of the lead screw 4. Moreover, on a metric scale with a division price of 1 mm on the flat of the plunger 49, as it moves out housing 26, read the drilling depth.

The support column (Fig. 7) consists of a housing 27 installed in the sleeve of the base 61; a stand 62, housed in the housing 27 and equipped with a spindle nut 63 and two locking screws 64, the ends of which are inserted into the annular groove of the spindle nut 63, limit it from axial movements; a split annular socket 65, the housing of which is equipped with three bearings 66, a hinge bolt 67 with a nut and a screw 68 screwed into the spindle nut 63, and a pin 69. A number of through holes with a certain pitch are made in the rack 62. In the housing 27 there is one through hole. The driving nut 63 is equipped with handles 70. The support column is used when mounting the device to perform drilling operations in a horizontal position as follows.

The rack 62 is fixed in the housing 27 by a pin 69 when aligned with the opening of the housing of the opening of the rack, which is closer than the other holes of the rack to the opening of the housing. The necessary horizontal position of the device is provided by rotating the driving nut 63 by its handle 70 clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the need to adjust the position of the covered part of the device by the support column up or down, respectively.

The operating procedure of the device is shown on the example of the operation for drilling the gate of the faulty lateral valve of the tube head of the fountain valve in the well (Fig. 8).

The device through a sealing gasket (not shown in Fig. 8) is attached to the flange of a closed serviceable (uncoupling) valve by means of its connecting flange. Using the support strut of the device provides a horizontal coaxial position of the axis of the device with the axis of the block side valves of the pipe head. After opening the serviceable valve, the helm 15 rotates the screw 4 counterclockwise when the automatic feed mechanism is switched off and the hydraulic pump station is not connected to the hydraulic motor of the rotational drive unit. As a result, the spindle 2 with the drill 3 translationally moves through the open valve into the cavity of the faulty valve until it stops with a drill in its gate. In this case, the movement of the spindle with the drill through the valve channels is recorded by a mechanical counter and displayed by it in its viewing window to control the axial movement of the spindle with the drill. Next, the spindle automatic feeding unit is turned on by turning on the automatic feeding switching mechanism, the gear 50 of the drilling depth indicator, with the combined end of its plunger 49 and the end of the housing 26, is engaged with the wheel 55, the hydraulic pump station is connected to the hydraulic motor of the device using high sleeves pressures equipped with quick couplings (not shown in Fig. 8), and the supply of working fluid with excess pressure from the hydraulic pump station to the hydraulic motor is performed tantsionno drilling faulty gate valve. In this case, the drilling depth is controlled by the metric scale of the plunger 49, which extends from the housing 26. After the drilling process is completed, the hydraulic pump station is turned off, the hoses are disconnected from the hydraulic motor, the gear 50 of the drilling depth indicator is disengaged from the wheel 55, the size of the extended plunger 49 is read out and the steering wheel is rotated clockwise, the spindle with the drill is withdrawn from the cavity of the faulty valve for the gate of the operational valve, taking into account the size of the extended plunger 49. In this case, the movement of the spindle I with a drill through the channels of valves controlled by the mechanical counter indications. Serviceable (uncoupling) valve closes. The pressure in the internal cavity of the device is vented by the assembly 6 into the atmosphere. After that, the device is dismantled from a working valve.

The device can be used in other industries: petrochemical; chemical, etc.

Pipes, stop valves, pressure vessels, etc. can also be objects of drilling.

The device was manufactured and tested in the workshop conditions of the Orenburg HF LLC Gazprom Gas Security.

Information sources

1. "The device drilling and milling USF", patent for the invention No. 2309821, 10.11.2007

Claims (1)

A device for drilling holes under pressure, comprising a support column, a housing, a spindle with a drill and an automatic spindle feed unit with a mechanism for turning it on, a lead screw, a connecting flange with a pressure control unit, a steering wheel for translational movement of the spindle and a drive unit for rotating it from a hydraulic motor made with the ability to remotely control the change in the pressure of the working fluid from the hydraulic pumping station, characterized in that it is equipped with a drive rail located on the motor shaft a stub with two gear crowns engaged with it by two driven gears, providing simultaneous rotation of the spindle around its axis and its translational movement with predetermined technological drilling modes, and a mechanical counter for moving the spindle integrated into the support column, providing control and fixing the value of the axial displacement of the spindle in the forward and reverse directions and control of the depth of drilling, while the support stand is made with a detachable ring socket with built-in dshipnikami covering housing unit automatic feed spindle.

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