RU2309821C1 - Drilling-milling apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drilling-milling apparatuses for drilling equipment being under pressure, possibly in oil and gas production, geological exploration industry branches.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes housing, supporting strut, spindle with drill, lead screw, joined flange with unit for pressure monitoring, handles for translation and rotation motions of drill. Drill may be rotated (except manual drive unit) from unit built in apparatus and designed for rotating spindle from hydraulic motor whose operation mode is realized from remote control board of hydraulic pumping station arranged outside dangerous zone. Axial feed of drill at drilling process may be realized from unit for automatic feed of spindle that is built in apparatus. Value of drill axial motion (including its motion at drilling process) may be controlled in millimeters from remote autonomous electronic digital counter connected to apparatus and operating according to signals of pickup forming small electric current pulses and built in apparatus.

EFFECT: possibility for performing drilling operations of equipment arranged in zone of high temperature action without long time presence of operators in such zone.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas exploration and exploration industries and is intended for remote drilling of the walls of technological equipment under pressure in order to communicate with the internal cavity for special work to eliminate emergencies or open gas and oil fountains.

A known design of a device for drilling equipment under pressure [1], consisting of a housing, a spindle with a drill, a threaded spindle, a connecting flange with a pressure control unit, steering wheels for translational and rotational movement of the drill.

The main objective of the technical solution achieved in the device is to compensate the buoyant forces acting on the spindle that arise when drilling equipment under high (more than 35 MPa) pressure, which is ensured by equalizing the pressure of the working medium in the internal cavities of the device body and the equipment being drilled.

However, the known device has the following significant disadvantages:

- the drilling operation is carried out directly by the operating personnel only manually. If it is necessary to drill elements of wellhead equipment in a gushing well, containing hydrogen sulfide in the well medium, the gushing stream is artificially ignited in order to prevent the toxic effect of hydrogen sulfide on the environment, since it is one of the toxic strongest substances. In this case, a long stay in the zone of high temperature exposure of persons of operational personnel, who at the same time spend significant physical activity when drilling manually, is associated with a high risk for their health and life;

- there is no possibility of visual control of the value of the axial movement of the drill (drilling depth), since control of the drilling depth becomes extremely necessary during the drilling operation without the participation of operational personnel.

The main objective of the present invention is the provision of drilling equipment located in the area affected by high temperature, without a long stay in this area of persons of operational personnel.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the use of a USF drilling-and-milling device containing a housing, a support column, a spindle with a drill, a spindle, a connecting flange with a pressure control unit, progressive and rotational drills of the drill and a spindle rotation drive unit equipped with a hydraulic motor, made with the possibility of remote control of the change in working fluid pressure from the hydraulic pump station and the automatic spindle feed unit, made with the possibility of Strongly axial feed drill.

In addition, the device is equipped with a sensor of low-current electrical pulses for actuating an autonomous electronic digital counter, configured to remotely control the axial movement of the drill with an accuracy of 1 mm.

The design of the device is shown in figure 1. Figure 2, enlarged, integrated in the design of the device node drive spindle rotation from the hydraulic motor. Figure 3, enlarged, integrated in the design of the device node automatic axial feed of the spindle and the sensor low-current electrical pulses. Figure 4 - detail design with conical recesses of the retainer disk installed in the spindle automatic feed unit. Figure 5 - diagram of the installation of the device in the well for drilling the gate of the faulty valve of the fountain valves.

The device (Fig. 1) consists of: a hollow body 1 with a hollow spindle 2 concentrically located in it and a tool 3 (a drill or a mill) fixed to its lower end; lead screw 4 with left trapezoidal thread; a connecting flange 5 with a pressure control unit in the cavity of the device 6 and a sealing assembly 7; a union nut 8 with four bolts fixing it on the flange 9. A sealing assembly 10 is located in the upper part of the housing, and a threaded sleeve 11 is screwed onto its threaded part to fix it on the casing with four bolts 12. The threaded sleeve 11 is screwed on to the casing of the spindle 13 automatic feed unit (hereinafter referred to as the APSh unit). The housing 1 can be manually rotated in the bearing assembly 14 by a steering wheel 15 or remotely by a hydraulic motor 16 when a working fluid with excess pressure P is supplied from a hydraulic pump station located outside the hazardous area of work. The lead screw 4 can be rotated manually by the helm 17 or automatically when the APS unit is turned on. The internal cavity of the housing 1 along the entire length is made cylindrical with the exception of its lower part, made in the form of a hexagonal hole. The outer surface of the spindle 2 along the entire length is made hexagonal, entering the hexagonal hole in the housing (section AA).

The assembly of the device’s spindle rotation drive unit from the hydraulic motor (FIG. 2) consists of a hydraulic motor 16 with a drive gear 18 mounted on its shaft, which engages with a driven gear wheel 19 fixed to the device’s body with a key connection. The hydraulic motor is rigidly fixed by bolts 20 to the movable plate 21 with a cover 22 fixed on it, which can, after loosening the fixing bolts (not shown in FIG. 2), move along the plate 23, which is rigidly fixed to the device nut 8 with bolts 24. Toothed connection closed by a protective casing 25. When a working fluid with excess pressure is supplied to the hydraulic motor from the hydraulic pump station, the device case rotates together with the spindle located inside it.

The APS unit assembly built into the device design (Fig. 3) consists of a housing 13 mounted on a sleeve by a threaded sleeve 11, which together with the device case 1 rotate in a bearing 27 mounted in a stationary casing 28. The main functional element of the APS unit is a roller overrunning clutch, a holder 29 which is fixedly inserted into the cylindrical bore of the housing 13, and the hub 30 is mounted on the end of the screw of the chassis 4. On the outer cylindrical surface of the housing 13, a disk 31 with a cam 32 is rigidly fixed. On the end surface of the housing 13 s the cams 33 are fastened, the number of which is equal to the size of the thread pitch of the spindle of the device.

A roller 35 is mounted in the bearing assembly 34, which can be driven into rotation by the steering wheel 17 of the device. A fixative disk 36 with a drive plug 37 is mounted on this roller, and two slip rings 38 are isolated, isolated from each other by a set of dielectric rings 39.

A low-current electrical impulse sensor 40 is built into the latching disk 36, which is a normally open sealed contact (hereinafter referred to as the reed switch), which is activated (closed) by each approaching of the spring-loaded permanent magnet, which is affected by the slider 41, pushed by the cams 33 during rotation 13. The sensor 40 is connected to the rings 38 by two electrical conductors 42 laid in the specially milled grooves of the retainer disk 36 and the roller 35.

On the side surface of the casing 43, a current collector 44 is mounted, connected to the plug socket 45 by two electrical conductors 46.

On the forming surface of the casing 43, the APS turning-on assembly is bolted, consisting of a cup 47, in which under the action of the spring 48 a slider 49 moves with a pressed pin 50 and an integrated spring-loaded pusher 51. The slider 49 is fixed in the cup 47 with a union nut 52 by means of a guide sleeve 53, inside which moves the latch 54. In the curly groove of the latch 54 (callout A), the longitudinal axis of which is aligned with the axis of the through hole in the guide sleeve 53, the button 56 moves under the action of the spring 55.

The device operates as follows.

Using special devices that ensure tight joints, the device is attached to equipment, the internal cavity of which is under the influence of excessive pressure, in the place where drilling is necessary.

With the hydraulic motor 16 disengaged from the driven gear (Fig. 1), by turning the steering wheel 17, the spindle 2 is introduced into the drilling zone until the end of the cutting tool (drill or mill) comes into contact with the wall of the object to be drilled, after which the hydraulic motor is engaged with the driven gear wheel.

Drilling can be carried out in manual and mechanical modes, carrying out axial feed of the cutting tool both manually and using the APS unit.

In the manual drilling mode, the drill is rotated when the housing 1 is rotated by the steering wheel 15. During mechanical drilling, by rotation of the housing 1 by a hydraulic motor 16. The drilling depth is controlled during the drilling operation by means of a self-contained electronic digital counter connected to the socket 45 (Fig. 3) of the device and showing the magnitude of the axial movement of the spindle in millimeters.

Node APS works as follows.

The overrunning roller clutch installed in the APS unit, according to the principle of operation, belongs to group II, that is, it transfers slow rotation in one direction and accelerated rotation in two directions [2, p. 365]. The sleeve 29 of the clutch is the driving link and when the device’s motor rotates clockwise (view in G), the torque due to jammed rollers is transmitted to the hub 30 and, accordingly, to the travel screw 4. In this case, the drive fork 37 is rotated the same angular velocity and the roller 35 with the locking disk 36.

Cam 32 with each perfect revolution acts on the spring-loaded plunger 51, which, moving along its axis, enters with a tapered tip into the conical recess of the retainer disk 36 and stops its rotation. In this case, the driving fork 37 takes the overrunning clutch rollers out of jamming between the cage and the hub, as a result of which the running screw also stops, and the spindle, which continues to rotate with the housing of the device, performs longitudinal (axial) movement along the stationary running screw by a value proportional to time during which sliding on the plunger 51, the horizontal surface of the cam 32 holds the plunger in a recessed position in the locking disk 36. After the cam 32 comes out of contact with the plunger 51, the last under the action of the spring 57, it returns to its original position, the overrunning clutch rollers are jammed again and the locking disk 36 with the roller 35 and the screw 4 continue to rotate together with the spindle. Thus, with a constant rotation of the device casing by a hydraulic motor, the spindle of the device during each revolution moves along its axis by a certain amount, thereby forming an automatic feed of the drill during drilling.

Turning off the APS unit by acting on the button 56 in the direction "B", as a result of which the slider 49, under the action of the spring 48, moves by the value of h and removes the pusher 51 from the zone of influence of the cam 32 upon rotation of the disks 31 and 36.

With the off position of the APS unit, manual axial movement of the spindle is performed by rotating the steering wheel 17 with the device housing 1 stationary. Drilling is carried out by axial feed of the spindle by briefly manually stopping the rotation of the roller 35 both during mechanized rotation of the device casing with a hydraulic motor and during its manual rotation by the steering wheel 15.

The APS unit is turned on by acting on the latch 54 in the “B” direction, and after moving the latch by an amount h, the button 56 under the action of the spring 55, with its large diameter belt, enters the enlarged hole with a diameter d of the notch (leader A) and fixes it in this position .

The countdown of the axial displacement of the spindle is as follows.

The disks 31 and 36 during rotation of the device casing rotate at the same angular speed in the case of a turned off APS unit. When the APS unit is turned on, the synchronization of rotation of the disks is violated, they begin to shift relative to each other in the radial direction and the cams 33 alternately act on the slider 41, which moves the permanent magnet, as a result of which the reed switch of the pulse sensor 40 is triggered (closed). Electronic digital connected to the plug socket 45 the counter counts and displays on the scoreboard each operation of the reed switch. At each complete revolution of the disks 31 and 36 relative to each other, the counter displays the number of operations of the reed switch, equal to the value of the thread pitch of the spindle of the device, i.e. one operation of the reed switch corresponds to a spindle stroke value of 1 mm.

With the synchronous rotation of the disks (the APS unit is off), the action of the cams 33 on the slider 41 is excluded.

One of the mounting options for the device to perform the operation of drilling the gate of the malfunctioning gate valve of the fountain of the well is shown in Fig.5. With this installation option, the device can be drilled either manually (the hydraulic drive is disabled) or remotely (using the hydraulic drive) by means of switching on the APS unit during drilling.

The device can be used in other industries: petrochemical, chemical, etc.

Pipes, stop valves, pressure vessels, etc. can also be objects of drilling.

Information sources

1. Patent for invention No. 2217269 "Device for drilling equipment under pressure", Moscow, November 27, 2003

2. V.I. Anurev "Handbook of the designer-mechanical engineer", t.2, M .: Mechanical engineering, 1999

Claims (2)

1. Drilling and milling device for drilling equipment under pressure, comprising a housing, a support column, a spindle with a drill, a spindle, a connecting flange with a pressure control unit, a steering wheel for translational and rotational movement of the drill, characterized in that the device is equipped with a rotation drive unit a spindle from a hydraulic motor configured to remotely control the change in pressure of the working fluid from the hydraulic pump station, and an automatic spindle feed unit, made with the possibility of axial feed of the drill. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a sensor of low-current electrical pulses for actuating an autonomous electronic digital counter, configured to remotely control the axial movement of the drill with an accuracy of 1 mm.

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