RU2601818C1 - Erection method of combined drainage earth structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to drainage devices and can be used for protection of low-pressure earth dams and dams banking from possible filtration deformations of soil and structures foundations. Method involves erection of combined drainage consisting of batter drainage 1 and horizontal draining 2, made from gabion matrasses 3 and flexible mattresses 4, connected to each other and made from dense rows of light fascines, perforated pipes and mesh shells. Batter drainage 1 is made from a stepwise stacked gabion mattresses 3 with drain devices and flexible reinforcing soil massifs meshes 8 of glass fibre materials. Gabion mattresses 3 is made of light fascines, perforated pipes and metal mesh, to mattrasses over the entire length are attached flexible reinforcing meshes 8 of glass fibre materials width in 3 times and more larger width mattresses. Flexible reinforcing fiberglass meshes 8 of gabion mattresses 3 stepwise cut in soil massif of downstream face by drainage height so, that the depth of cuttings reached further than depression curve line of filtration flow. Horizontal drainage 2 arranged in the base downstream slope to the output of the tail bay at its bottom, and is made of two layers of mattresses. First layer - water intake part 9 of flexible mattresses made of light fascines and geo mesh, is laid horizontally along the base of bottom slope and the bottom of the tail bay. From above of water intake part 9 is carried out the second drainage layer 2 of gabion mattresses 3, laid normally to rows of the first layer of water intake part 9 and towards outlet line of filtration flow. In bottom batter drainage 1 at the bottom and on top of the output end part of the horizontal drainage 2 arranged gravel or gravel-pebbly filling 11. Increases workability of construction and efficiency of the drainage device.

EFFECT: combined drainage can most effectively be used in difficult conditions in the rivers at their plains and foothill areas, where erected low-pressure earthing dams and dams of fine sand and clay soils.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to drainage devices and can be used to protect low-pressure earthen dams and dams from possible filtering deformations of the soil of the body and the foundations of structures.

Known combined drainage device containing banquet and overflow drainage made of sand-gravel and stone materials [1]. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are the need for a large amount of stone and sand-gravel material and the complexity of the work on laying inverse filters.

The closest technical solution is the "Method of erection of combined drainage of biopositive design", which contains banquet and overflow drainage [2]. The drainage and banquet drainage are made of flexible and gabion mattresses, interconnected and attached to anchor devices laid above the overflow drainage in the lower slope. Flexible and gabion mattresses are made of dense rows of light fascines, perforated pipes and mesh shells.

The disadvantages of the closest technical solution are the complexity of the design, as well as low operating efficiency in the presence of ascending filtration flows at the base of the structures.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the manufacturability of construction and the efficiency of the drainage device.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting a combined drainage, including two types of drainages, consisting of flexible and gabion mattresses, interconnected and made of dense rows of light fascines, perforated pipes and mesh shells, one of these types - layered drainage - is performed from stepwise stacked gabion mattresses with drainage devices and flexible grids reinforcing the soil massif with fiberglass materials, while gabion mattresses are made of light fascines and perforated pipes, which are stacked in alternating rows and wrapped in a gabion net, to which flexible reinforcing nets made of fiberglass materials with a width of 3 or more times the width of the mattresses are fastened along the base of the mattresses and along their entire length, at the same time the flexible reinforcing fiberglass nets of the gabion mattresses are cut in steps into the soil massif of the lower slope along the drainage height, so that the depth of the cuts goes beyond the line of the depression curve of the filtration flow, and the second type of drainage - horizontal is arranged at the base of the bottoms slope with access to the lower pool along its bottom, and are made of two layers of mattresses, the first layer of flexible mattresses is laid horizontally along the bottom of the lower slope and the bottom of the lower pool, and the second layer of gabion mattresses is laid on top of the rows of the first layer of flexible mattresses, normally to them and along the outlet line of the filtration flow, and at the bottom of the overflow drainage, gravel or gravel-pebble backfill is arranged at the bottom and top of the output end part of the horizontal drainage. The drainage of drainage from stepwise stacked gabion mattresses with drainage devices and flexible reinforcing soil mass nets of fiberglass materials is performed in the form of an armored structure, which provides increased stability of the lower slope and filtration strength of the soil of the earth structure.

In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an earth structure (dam or dam) along the axis of the combined drainage; in FIG. 2 - a fragment of a plan of combined drainage with a horizontal section; in FIG. 3 - a gabion mattress made of light fascines and perforated pipes wrapped in a gabion net; in FIG. 4 - flexible mattress made of light fascia wrapped in a geogrid; in FIG. 5 - light fascia.

Combined drainage consists of overhead drainage 1 and horizontal drainage 2 made of gabion mattresses 3 and flexible mattresses 4. Gabion mattresses 3 are made of light fascin 5, perforated polymer pipes 6, gabion (metal) mesh 7 and flexible mesh grids 8 of 8 reinforcing fiberglass materials. The horizontal drainage 2 is made up of two layers of mattresses, the first layer is the water intake part 9 made of flexible mattresses 4 made of light fascines 5 and the geogrid 10. On top of the water reception part 9 a second layer of drainage 2 is made of gabion mattresses 3 laid normally to the rows of the first layer (water receiving part) 9 and in the direction of the outlet line of the filtration stream. At the base of the overflow drainage 1 and above the end part of the horizontal drainage 2, gravel (or gravel-pebble) backfill 11 is provided.

Combined drainage of earthworks is carried out and works as follows.

All elements of combined drainage are made manually at the installation site with the partial use of mechanical devices. Initially, for the manufacture of light fascia 5, gabion 3 and flexible 4 mattresses, dry reeds are pre-harvested in the required volume, as well as geogrids and gabion nets are cut in the required quantity according to the size of the flexible and gabion mattresses. Then fiberglass flexible reinforcing nets (basalt mesh) 8 and perforated polymer pipes 6 (diameter 40-50 mm) according to the size of gabion mattresses 3 are cut to size and prepared. Flexible and gabion mattresses 4 and 3 are prepared from these materials. Gabion mattresses 3 and flexible mattresses 4 can have the following sizes: 30 × 20 × 120 cm, 35 × 25 × 150 cm, 40 × 30 × 200 cm, and others. After that, the required number of gabion mattresses 3 with reinforcing flexible nets 8 attached to them is made. (NB), and along the direction of the bottom of the bottom slope lay the first layer of horizontal drainage of flexible mattresses 4. The second layer is normally laid on top of the first layer to them th horizontal drainage 2 of the gabion mattresses 3, interconnected using galvanized wire. Next, the horizontal drainage 2 is filled with soil (with compaction) to the downhill line, so that the end (output) part of the horizontal drainage 2 at the bottom of the sewer remains open. Then, along the entire length of the overhead drainage, a downhill slope is developed to the insertion depth of the reinforcing elements (flexible nets) 8, then starting from the bottom of the slope and the second row of horizontal drainage 2 along the slope line, stepwise gabion mattresses 3 with flexible soil mesh reinforcing soil 8 are laid. In this case, the first layer of slip-on mattresses 3 is laid at the top of the horizontal drainage 2 with the inset of reinforcing flexible grids 8 in the lower slope (further than the outlet line of the filtration flow) and the developed g is poured on top of them CNT sealingly and leveling to the level of the top of the mattresses 3. The second layer 3 mattresses stacked to form a step, i.e., with moving to the side of the ground mass of the bottom slope up to half the width of the mattresses 3 of the first layer, then the soil is also poured and compacted on top of the reinforcing flexible grids 8 to the level of the top of the mattresses 3 of the second layer. Thus, they build all the other stages of the overhead drainage 1 to a level of 1.5-2 m above the level of the possible output of the filtration stream. The type and thickness of the flexible reinforcing mesh 8 (made of fiberglass materials) is taken from the condition of ensuring the stability of the bottom slope and the filtration strength of the soil. The width of the reinforcing mesh 8 should be at least three times greater than the width of the gabion mattress 3.

Combined drainage as part of earthworks (soil dams and dams) works as follows. Filtration water, moving under the influence of hydrostatic pressure from the upstream side (WB) through the soil pores of the dam body or dam and its base, enters the zone of water-receiving parts of drains 1 and 2. Further, gabion mattresses 3 with drainage devices and flexible mattresses 4 freely accept water because of their high water permeability, they pass part on to the bottom slope, and part into the catchment row of horizontal drainage 2, consisting of gabion mattresses 3. And when the mattresses 3 are saturated to the top, water will easily flow through pipes 6 and chamfers 5 at the National Bank. Flexible mattresses 4 and gabion mattresses 3 provide a safe intake and removal of filtered water through the body and foundation of the earthen structure. Stability and durability of the drainage structure is ensured by mattresses 3 and 4, reinforcing the bottom slope soil with fiberglass elements (nets) 8. Dry reed is used as the main filtration material in the drainage structure, which is a sufficiently resistant and durable natural material that works effectively in an aqueous environment and is a highly draining material . Flexible and gabion mattresses used in drainage, including play a reclamation role, retaining moisture for a long time. Over time, overhead drainage 1 and partially horizontal drainage 2 will overgrow with green plants. As a result, combined drainage will turn into a biopositive structure that does not impede the circulation of substances and energy, helps the development of nature and is included in the river’s ecosystem, and is perceived by nature as akin to it.

The combined drainage erected by the proposed method can most effectively be used in inaccessible conditions of rivers in their flat and foothill sections, where low-pressure earthen dams and protective dams from fine sand and clay soils are erected.

Information sources

1. Waterworks. Designer Handbook / Edited by Dr. Tech. sciences, prof., V.P. Nedrigi. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1983, p. 172-173, p. 491.

2. Patent No. 2398931 ЕВВ 11/00 2010. The method of construction of combined drainage of a biopositive structure / Kurbanov S.O. and etc./.

Claims (2)

1. The method of construction of combined drainage, including two types of drains, consisting of flexible and gabion mattresses, interconnected and made of dense rows of light fascines, perforated pipes and mesh shells, characterized in that one of these types - overhead drainage - is made of stepwise stacked gabion mattresses with drainage devices and flexible reinforcing ground massif nets of fiberglass materials, while gabion mattresses are made of light fascines and perforated pipes that fit they are arranged in alternating rows and wrapped in a gabion net, to which flexible reinforcing nets of fiberglass materials with a width of 3 or more times the width of the mattresses are attached along the base of the mattresses and along their entire length, while flexible fiberglass reinforcing nets of gabion mattresses are stepwise cut into a ground mass of downstream slope along the drainage height so that the depth of cuts goes beyond the line of the depression curve of the filtration flow, and the second type of drainage - horizontal - is arranged at the base of the downhill with ode to the lower pool along its bottom and are made of two layers of mattresses, the first layer of flexible mattresses is laid horizontally along the bottom of the bottom slope and the bottom of the lower pool, and the second layer of gabion mattresses is laid on top of the rows of the first layer of flexible mattresses, normally to them and along filtration flow exit lines, and gravel or gravel-pebble backfill are arranged at the bottom of the overflow drainage at the bottom and at the top of the output end of the horizontal drainage. 2. The method of erecting the combined drainage according to claim 1, characterized in that the overhead drainage from stepwise stacked gabion mattresses with drainage devices and flexible reinforcing soil massifs made of fiberglass materials is performed in the form of an armored structure, which improves the stability of the lower slope and the filtration strength of soils earthworks.

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