RU2681711C2 - Method and device for producing brick blanks for masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, having adjustable mould walls - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a method and device for the manufacture of brick blanks for brick masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks. Method includes pressing brick blanks of a first format from the raw materials in a first production process in at least one moulding space (2), which is defined by at least two, preferably four, moulding walls (10, 20, 30, 40). In a second production process, brick blanks of a second format are pressed from the raw material using at least one pair of press rams (5 and 6, 7 and 8) that are capable of being converged in pressing direction (P) in moulding space (2) between moulding walls (10, 20, 30, 40). Between the first production process and the second production process, at least one of moulding walls (10, 10 and 20) of moulding space (2) is adjusted using assigned adjustment drive (11, 11 and 21) so that in the first production process and the second production process, the cross section of moulding space (2) is perpendicular to pressing direction (P), or at least one size (B1, B2) of moulding space (2), perpendicular to pressing direction (P), as a result of which the brick format is preferably different.EFFECT: higher efficiency of making bricks of various formats.12 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the manufacture of billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks.

Sand-lime bricks are made in the press by pressing lime, sand and water, followed by curing under the influence of steam pressure.

Popular sand-lime brick formats for brick or sand-lime brick structures are described in detail in J. Wessig's KS-Maurerfibel (KS-mason's hornbook), KS-Info GmbH, Hanover , 6th edition, 1998. Thus, there are sand-lime bricks of standard formats having a generally rectangular shape, that is, their edges adjoin each other at right angles (90 °), and differing only in their dimensions in width, length and height. The height of the brick installed in the brickwork is the height of the brick and the layer of bricks, measured vertically. The width of the brick installed in the brickwork is the wall thickness or the thickness of the brickwork, measured horizontally inward, and the length of the brick installed in the brickwork is the value between two adjacent bricks, measured horizontally along the layer of bricks. The end walls of the brick are often joined to each other in the longitudinal direction using a tongue-and-groove joint.

Thus, bricks of exact cuboid shape with smooth surfaces, as well as bricks of essentially cuboid shape with tongue-and-groove surfaces on two opposite sides for tongue-and-groove connection with adjacent brick in masonry, have a standard format. In addition, in standard bricks, recesses or through holes can be made on one side or on two opposite sides for gripping or, in contrast to solid bricks or block bricks, for diluting wiring or providing thermal insulation similarly to perforated bricks or hollow block bricks. For particularly efficient wall construction in relatively large cuboid formats, so-called flat elements are used (see pages 14–20).

In addition, there are many formats of sand-lime bricks, for example, the so-called U-shaped layers of masonry (see page 21) or installation bricks with one or two holes for pipes, or wedge bricks having a pentagonal cross section with right angles and obtuse angles of, for example, 135 ° or 45 ° (see page 55 or page 21), or so-called radius bricks (see page 21 or page 52) with right angles and at least one rounded corner as well as corrugated bricks, which in addition to right angles have at least one axes or inclined side section due to which they may have a triangular or pentagonal shape (see FIG. p. 93).

Special formats are created directly at the enterprise or sometimes even on site by extracting material, mainly with a band saw or circular saw, from a solid cuboid brick made, in particular, from flat elements.

DE 19756148 A1 discloses a method for manufacturing sand-lime blanks of flat bricks and mating parts, which, being located between each two adjacent end surfaces located opposite each other, have a predetermined side length, and a device for implementing this method. Each brick blank is placed between the four molding walls, and also molded and pressed between the upper and lower punches, and / or in each brick blank at least on one adjacent end surface, a groove or comb is made using groove forming tools and / or crest molding tools . For pressing, the final distance between the upper and lower punches is set, and after pressing each brick blank is unloaded and laid out, and such a blank is supported on the end surface of the level. The billet blanks are molded and pressed in such a way that the mating parts are the same length as the bricks, and the adjacent end surfaces of the bricks are made using the upper punch and / or lower punch, and after unloading and before unfolding using adjacent end surfaces of the bricks rotate 90 °. In one particular embodiment (Fig. 3), in the punching press, the upper abutting end face of the mating part is aligned so that it is obliquely inclined and made smooth, i.e. it does not have any groove or partition, and the working bottom side of the upper punch also extends in such a way that it is positioned accordingly under an oblique inclination. In the case of this known method and the associated device for the preparation of bricks and four molding walls have a rectangular cross section perpendicular to the direction of pressing.

DE 102006034302 A1 discloses a method for manufacturing billets of masonry bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, according to which at least two molding spaces are used, differing from each other by a cross-section or at least one size perpendicular to the pressing direction, and at least at least one first molding space is brought or moved to at least one filling position, and said at least one molding space located in said at least one filling position is filled at least once with raw materials that are pressed in at least one pressing position in said first molding space with a first pair of pressing punches arranged to approach in the pressing direction to form at least one first bricks. After that, at least one second molding space is brought into at least one filling position, wherein said at least one second molding space located in said at least one filling position is filled at least once with raw materials which are pressed in said the pressing position or the additional pressing position in the second molding space using the second pair of pressing punches made with the possibility of rapprochement in the pressing direction, for at least one second brick blank. In addition, in order to bring the molding space into at least one filling position, instead of two molding spaces, an injection mold may also be provided having at least two molding spaces that are adjustable by means of an adjusting drive. A section of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction has a non-rectangular shape, so that the pressed brick blank also has a non-rectangular section shape. In particular, the cross section of the corrugated bricks may have a triangular shape or the section of the wedge bricks may have a polygonal shape with at least four or five corners, or the section in some area may be bent to form a bulge. In addition, a cross section perpendicular to the pressing direction on at least one side may have at least one groove and / or at least one ridge to form the surface of the tongue-and-groove joint.

A brick press is known from DE 29808917 U1 for the manufacture of molded blocks made on the basis of inorganic materials and having a tongue-and-groove structure on at least one of the end surfaces defining the height of the brick. The known press also contains a molding table having a molding cavity surrounded by lateral walls and horizontally aligned, and at least one pressing punch made vertically into the molding cavity and compressing the material fed into this cavity. At least one side wall of the molding cavity is made in the form of a molding pressing plate specifying the height of the brick of the molded block, located on the molding table with the possibility of its movement by means of a drive device, which is connected to the specified side wall, and during pressing with a brick press is fixed on the molding table in accordance with the required form. The surfaces of the pressing plates facing the inside of the molding cavity have molding structures for extruding tongue-and-groove structures in a given pressed end wall of the molded block. To ensure contact during lateral pressing between the pressing plate, the outer side of which is beveled, and the opposite bearing surface, made on the molding table and having an opposite beveled surface, there is a mating wedge-shaped element made with the possibility of control by means of a drive element. In addition, two opposite side walls or even all of the side walls of the molding cavity can be made in the form of side pressing plates mounted for movement. The mating wedge-shaped element, which is mounted with the possibility of sliding movement between the beveled surfaces, is made with a drive from the first cylinder. Each side press plate is assigned one additional cylinder, due to which it is possible to move the side press plate after the release of the mating wedge-shaped element. Before filling the molding cavity, the lateral pressing plates are fixed to ensure conformity in shape by introducing a mating wedge-shaped element between the beveled surfaces, so that with subsequent compression of the molded block, the exact position of the side walls of the molding cavity in space is guaranteed. By choosing unequal mating wedge-shaped elements, the position of the side pressing plates can be changed so that the different brick heights for the molded blocks can be conveniently adjusted. In this case, for the introduction of the mating wedge-shaped element on the molding table set the appropriate stopper. When the lateral pressing plates are fixed, the lower punch is fixed in the initial position, and the upper punch is inserted into the molding cavity until the required wall thickness corresponding to the thickness of the brick is obtained. After compression is completed, the upper punch is withdrawn from the molding cavity, and the mating wedge-shaped element is released by means of a drive, i.e. first cylinder. After releasing the mating wedge-shaped element, sufficient space is created for lateral movement of the pressing plates, while the pressing plates are removed by means of a second cylinder from interacting with tongue-and-groove structures made by its forming structures on the molded block, so that the molded block can be separated from the molding table by moving lower punch into the molding cavity. As a drive for moving the mating wedge-shaped element and moving the side pressing plates, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, pushers, cranked levers with threaded or eccentrics can be used.

In the document DE 29808917 U1, using various mating wedge-shaped elements, brick formats are defined that differ in size perpendicular to the pressing direction given by the distance between the pressing plates. The adjustment of the pressing plates after removal of the mating wedge-shaped elements serves solely to remove these elements from the tongue-and-groove connection to enable the extraction of the brick blank, and not to specify the brick format.

Thus, the objective of the present invention is to create a new method and a new device for the manufacture of billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, with which, in particular, you can get bricks of various formats.

Embodiments and the essence of the present invention, suitable for solving the problem, are described in the claims, which particularly relate to the method of manufacturing bricks for masonry, characterized by the characteristics of paragraph 1 of the claims, as well as to a device for the manufacture of bricks for bricks masonry, characterized by the characteristics of paragraph 11 of the claims.

Additional embodiments and structural modifications according to the present invention follow, in particular, from the claims, which respectively depend on claims. 1 and 11 of the claims.

The claimed combination of features and the essence of the present invention are not limited to the selected option and the selected dependence of the claims. On the contrary, each feature in the claims that relate to a particular object, such as a device, can also be claimed in a claim related to another object, such as a method. In addition, each feature in the claims, also regardless of the backlinks of the latter, can be claimed in any arbitrary combination with one feature or many other features in the claims. In addition, each feature that is described or disclosed in the description or in the drawings, regardless of the context in which this feature is mentioned, or without reference to it, may be declared on its own or in any combination with one feature or other features that described or disclosed in the claims, description or in the drawings.

In one embodiment, to solve the problem, a method for manufacturing billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, according to which:

a) during the first technological process in at least one molding space limited by at least two, and preferably four, molding walls, bricks of the first format are pressed from raw materials, and during the second technological process using at least one pair of pressing punches made with the possibility of rapprochement in the pressing direction in the molding space formed between the molding walls, billets of bricks of the second format are pressed from raw materials,

b) wherein, between the first process and the second process, at least one of said molding walls of the molding space is controlled by an assigned control drive so that in the first technological process and in the second technological process, the cross-section of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction is distinguished, or at least one size of the molding space perpendicular to the direction of pressing, whereby preferably different The brick format is also there.

The problem is also solved by creating a device for the manufacture of billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, for the implementation, in particular, of the method according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

a) at least one molding space bounded by at least two, and preferably four, molding walls,

b) a filling device for filling the molding space with raw materials and

c) at least one pair of pressing punches made with the possibility of convergence in the pressing direction in the specified molding space formed between the specified molding walls, for pressing billets of bricks from raw materials that filled the molding space,

d) wherein at least one molding wall is adjustable with an assigned control drive, so that in the first and second technological processes, the cross-section of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction or at least one size of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction is distinguished which preferably differs the format of the brick,

e) wherein, for said or each adjustable molding wall, an appropriate holding device has been assigned to hold it during the first process and the second process, and said holding device or each holding device does not change the position of the molding wall defined by the control drive.

After the at least one molding wall has been adjusted, it is preferably further held during the first process and the second process using at least one suitable holding device, and the holding device is released or deactivated before adjustment between the technological processes and is fixed or activated again after adjustment .

At least one control actuator may be a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston-cylinder system. In addition, at least one control actuator may be, in particular, a rotation actuator driven by an electric motor.

At least one holding device is preferably integrated in the respective control drive, in particular as a locking or braking device between the piston and the cylinder of the pneumatic or hydraulic piston-cylinder system, as a locking or braking device on the rotation drive shaft or as a mechanical brake of the engine in an electric motor, for example on a rotor of an electric motor.

At least one holding device may be a unit that is independent of the corresponding control actuator, and may contain, in particular, interlocking locking latches and locking gaps, made or located, in particular, on a box shape and on one side or two lateral parts of the molding wall, which are preferably made on the supporting part.

In one embodiment, said at least one molding space with its molding walls is located in the interior of the box shape, the corresponding control drive being preferably attached to the box shape, in particular at least partially located in the internal space of the box shape, or the respective control drives are preferably attached to the box form, in particular at least partially located in the interior of the box form.

In one embodiment, only one of the molding walls of the molding space is controlled between the first and second processes by means of an assigned control drive. After adjusting the molding wall, in particular by shifting the box shape, the molding space or its molding walls are preferably centered relative to the central axis of pressing of the pressing punches so that the adjusted molding wall and the opposite molding wall are located at the same distance from the central axis of the pressing.

In yet another embodiment, between the first and second processes, the two molding walls of the molding space that are opposed to each other are controlled by designated control drives and are preferably centered relative to the central axis of the pressing of the pressing punches or adjusted while maintaining centering, or adjusted so that they are centered so that the two the adjusted molding walls opposite to each other are located at the same distance from the central axis of the pres popping.

In one particular embodiment, it can be installed or installed between two adjustable molding walls, a dividing molding wall that divides (or breaks) the molding space into two separate molding spaces, each of which is bounded by one of the adjustable molding walls on one side and a separation molding wall on the other hand. Thus, you can get two bricks of a relatively small format instead of one brick of a relatively large format. A relatively large format brick can be obtained again by removing the dividing molding wall.

In one additional embodiment of the method of manufacturing billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, which can be combined with other variants of the invention:

a) during the first technological process in at least one molding space limited by the molding walls, bricks of the first format are pressed from raw materials, and in the second technological process using a pair of pressing punches made with the possibility of convergence in the pressing direction in the molding space formed between the molding walls, billets of the second format are pressed from raw materials.

b) between the first and second technological processes, at least one of the molding walls of the molding space is at least partially replaced and preferably controlled so that in the first and second technological processes there is a difference in the section of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, or at least one size molding spaces perpendicular to the pressing direction, whereby the brick format is also preferably distinguished.

In particular, in the first technological process, the section of the molding space may have a first shape, in particular, may have a rectangular shape, and after replacing at least one molding wall in the second technological process, this section may have a different shape, in particular, may have a non-rectangular shape, triangular shape, trapezoidal shape or pentagonal shape, or may have a curved outline.

In one of the preferred embodiments, in each case, between the first and second technological processes for fitting to different sections of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, or the dimensions of the molding space perpendicular to the pressing direction, in the first and second technological processes replace one pressing plate on pressing punches.

In one of the additional options, a method for the manufacture of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, and this method can be combined with other variants of the invention and includes the steps according to which:

a) in at least one molding space bounded by the molding walls, using a pair of pressing punches arranged to approach in the pressing direction in the molding space formed between the molding walls, bricks are pressed from raw materials, and subsequently, these bricks are removed from said molding space using one of the pressing punches,

b) wherein said molding walls are smooth and / or have no recesses or protrusions for joining a tongue-and-groove joint, and / or the length of the brick is formed in the pressing direction, the width of the brick and the height of the brick are formed perpendicular to the pressing direction, and

c) after pressing and before removing the brick blank, at least one of these molding walls is diverted outward using an appropriate control drive to release it from the brick blank before removing this blank.

Hereinafter, the present invention is explained by way of illustrative embodiments. Reference is also made herein to the drawings in which the following figures are schematically shown.

In FIG. 1 shows a top view of a box-shaped brick press with an adjustable molding tool having two adjustable molding walls in a position for a first brick format.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of the box-shaped brick press of FIG. 1 with an adjustable molding tool having two adjustable molding walls, in position for a second brick format.

In FIG. Figures 3-6 show the sequence of steps of the transition method of an adjustable molding tool with two adjustable molding walls, shown in plan view, from a comparatively small brick format to a relatively large brick format.

In FIG. 7-10 show the sequence of steps of the transition method of an adjustable molding tool with one adjustable molding wall shown in a plan view from a comparatively small brick format to a relatively large brick format in a plan view.

In FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a brick press with a box shape containing an adjustable molding tool and two pressing punches.

In FIG. 12 is a plan view of a box mold for the brick press of FIG. 1 or the method of FIG. 3-6, containing an adjustable molding tool with two adjustable molding walls of different shapes.

In FIG. 13 is a plan view of a box mold for the brick press of FIG. 1 or for the method of FIG. 3-6, comprising an adjustable molding tool with two adjustable molding walls and one dividing molding wall to create two molding spaces.

In the drawings, the same reference numbers indicate equivalent parts and quantities.

In FIG. 1-10, FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 shows a top view in the pressing direction by pressing punches (not shown in FIGS. 1-10, but shown only in FIG. 11) for illustrative embodiments of a part of a pressing device or brick pressing machine for manufacturing bricks of bricks (or pressed bricks of bricks) ), in particular sand-lime bricks, and containing a box form 3 (or a mold for injection), having, for example, a rectangular external contour, and an adjustable molding tool located in conditions, in a similar rectangular inner space 4 of a box shape 3. The adjustable molding tool comprises a molding space 2 (or a pressing space) to be filled with pressed raw materials for pressing, in particular sand-lime bricks, and the space 2 is limited to several, preferably four, adjacent to each other by molding walls 10, 20, 30 and 40, and when pressing inside this pressing space through its two open sides, it is introduced or immersed from above and below Essential punches.

As can be seen in FIG. 11, for pressing a brick blank, a lower pressing punch 7 with a wear or pressing plate (or end plate) 8 attached to it, is introduced from below into the molding space 2, which provides sealing of this space in the direction of its lower part, since the pressing plate 8 is adapted to the section molding space 2. Then, using a filling device, the raw materials are poured from above, which is then pressed by introducing the upper pressing punch 5 with a wear or pressing plate 6 (or end plate) attached to it, likewise fitted under the cross section of the molding space 2, from above into this space, and also by moving the lower pressing punch 6 from the bottom; in each case, said pressing punches are moved towards each other in the pressing direction P. In addition, preferably, the central axis A of the pressing punches 5 and 6 preferably passes through the molding space 2 in the center. The upper punch unit corresponding to the upper pressing punch 5 is indicated by 55, and the lower punch unit relating to the lower pressing punch 7 is indicated by number 57. Blocks 55 and 57 of the punches may be implemented in a known manner and may include supports and / or guides, may also contain drives for driving the pressing punches 5 and 6, and may also be located on the frame or bed press.

As can be seen in FIG. 1-10, the molding walls 10 and 20 located between the molding walls 30 and 40, in particular located between the molding walls 30 and 40 at a distance from them, have a size H, which preferably corresponds to the height of the brick. Since this size is extremely important from the point of view of masonry, it is possible to accurately and accurately install it.

In the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 1-2, 3-6, and 12-13, the adjustable molding tool has two mutually opposite and mutually parallel molding walls 10 and 20, which are configured to adjust or move in the V direction, and two stationary molding walls 30 and 40 passing perpendicular to the molding walls 10 and 20.

In the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 7-10, the adjustable molding tool has one molding wall 10 configured to adjust or move in the V direction, and three stationary molding walls 20, 30, and 40.

The distance between the molding walls 10 and 20, measured in the V direction, and therefore the size of the molding walls 30 and 40, corresponding to this distance, indirectly increasing the molding space 2 and being effective with respect to the brick blank, can now be adjusted between at least one first the value of B1 (see Fig. 1, 5-6, 9 and 10) and the second value of B2 (see Fig. 2-4 and 7-8).

This distance between the molding walls 10 and 20 preferably corresponds to the width of the brick from the pressed brick blank, while the specified width of the brick in the future corresponds to the wall thickness of the brickwork.

However, size H can essentially also be used as the width of the brick, and sizes B1 and B2 can be used as the height of the brick, or one of the sizes H and B1 or B2 can even be used as the length of the brick.

Thus, due to the adjustment, the same molding tool can be used for pressing bricks of at least two formats with different sizes B1 and B2, which are preferably the width of the brick.

To do this, at the adjustment stage, the molding walls 10 and 20 are set in accordance with size B1 and secured or held in this position, and then billets of bricks of the first format with this size or width B1 and additional size H are pressed, using the corresponding pressing punches 5 and 7 or pressing or wear plates 6 'or 8 with sizes H and B1, placed on said pressing punches.

If in any case it is necessary to change the format of the brick to the size or width of B2, then at the second stage of adjustment, the molding walls 10 and 20 are set in accordance with the size of B2 and fixed or held in this position. After that, billets of bricks of the second format with this size or width B2 and an additional size H are pressed, and before that, pressing punches or pressing or wear plates 6 are replaced on these pressing punches to bring them into line with the new sizes H and B2.

The central axis A of the press, in particular of the pressing punches 5 and 7, preferably extends centrally through the molding space 2 and / or passes between two adjustable molding walls 10 and 20. Thus, the molding walls 10 and 20 are preferably adjusted so that they have a symmetrical or centered arrangement in which the molding walls 10 and 20 are equally spaced from the central axis A, i.e. the distance to the central axis A in each case is B1 / 2 or B2 / 2. As a result, this leads to uniform central loading of the pressing punch by the compression force.

To adjust the forming wall 10 in the direction of adjustment V, a corresponding first control actuator 11 is provided, which is at least partially located in the inner space 4 of the box form 3 and is attached to or connected to the first wall of the box form 3 and the corresponding molding wall 20. To adjust the forming wall 20 in the direction of adjustment V, a corresponding second control actuator 21 is provided, which is at least partially located in the inner space 4 of the box form 3 and is attached to the second wall of the box form 3 opposite to the first wall, and is connected to the corresponding forming wall 20 them.

As the control actuator 11 or 21, in particular, a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston-cylinder system, or another actuator driven by an electric motor, preferably a rotary actuator, can be selected.

In one embodiment, the control actuator 11 or 21 comprises a mounting or holding device that holds the control actuator 11 and 21 and, accordingly, the adjustable molding wall 10 or 20 guided by it, such a device may be a locking or braking device located in a control actuator 11 or 21, in particular between a piston and a cylinder of a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, or a locking mechanism on a shaft, or a mechanical brake in an electric motor , for example, on a rotor of a rotation drive motor. This embodiment of the control actuator 11 or 21 with self-locking or self-holding in a certain position, containing an integrated holding device, is preferred.

In one embodiment, which may be combined with this embodiment, or which may be an alternative embodiment, an independent holding device 60 or 70 (or locking device or fixing device) is provided for the molding wall 10 or 20, which is located separately from control actuator 11 or 21, and the holding device 60 or 70 holds (or fixes, fixes) the adjustable molding wall 10 or 20 in the position provided accordingly vuyuschim format bricks. Such a separate holding device 60 or 70 may comprise, for example, corresponding locking latches that can be activated automatically by means of controlled locking devices or can be activated manually, and locking gaps that interact with each other, for example, in a direction perpendicular to the V direction adjustments. In addition, clamps can also be used as a holding device.

In the illustrative embodiments shown in FIG. 3-10, each adjustable molding wall 10 and 20 respectively comprises a central supporting part 14 or 24 and a wear or pressing plate 12 or 22 located in front of the corresponding central supporting part, which creates the actual demarcation of the molding space 2, and also contains two side parts, respectively 16 and 17 or 26 and 27, which extend in the direction V of adjustment so that as a result they form a U-shaped structure. Preferably, retaining gaps 15 and 18 are respectively located on the lateral parts 16 and 17 of the molding wall 10, the number and location of which correspond to the two formats B1 and B2 and which are respectively intended for the stop valves 35 and 38 installed in box form. Preferably, retaining gaps 25 and 28 are respectively located on the lateral parts 26 and 27 of the molding wall 20, the number and location of which correspond to the two formats B1 and B2 and which are respectively intended for the stop valves 35 and 38 installed in box form.

In all embodiments, the location of the adjusted molding wall 10 or the adjusted molding walls 10 and 20 is set and determined by the corresponding control actuator 11 or 21 at its final location, which it reaches. The holding device integrated in the control drive or the holding device 60 or 70 located outside the control drive does not preferably affect the position of the molding wall 10 or 20, but only holds the wall in the position defined by the control drive 11 or 21. In other words, the position molding wall 10 or 20 does not change when the holding device is activated or deactivated.

In view of this, to make the transition between brick formats with a width of B1 and B2, it is sufficient to hold or fasten in two end positions for sizes B1 and B2.

However, this holding or fixing function is preferably carried out in a quasi-continuous manner at a variety of locations, for example between B1 and B2, or in an adjustment range including B1 and B2, so that the brick format can be continuously adjusted.

In FIG. Figure 3-6 shows the sequence of actions when switching from one format of a brick with a width of B2 to a brick with a larger width of B1.

In FIG. 3 shows the main position of the forming tool used for pressing billets of bricks of width B2. The two molding walls 10 and 20 are mounted by their control actuators 11 and 21 at a distance B2 from each other, while these molding walls are held in the direction of adjustment V by means of their side parts 16 and 17 or the side parts 26 and 27, respectively, by means of holding devices 60 and 70, in particular by means of, for example, eight stop valves 35 and 38, which are engaged respectively with the stop gaps 15 and 18 or the stop gaps 25 and 28. The pressing punches carry pressing plates that fit under Irina B2 bricks, the upper pressing punch 5 bears the pressing plate 6. The central axis A of pressing punches 5 and 7 is preferably located centrally with respect to the pressing plates 6 and 8 and the mold walls 10 and 20 or is an axis of symmetry for the two molding spaces.

In FIG. 4, the holding devices 60 and 70 are shown in a deactivated state, in particular, the gate valves 35 and 38 are removed from the locking gaps. The molding walls 10 and 20 can now be freely adjusted.

According to FIG. 5, the control drives 11 and 21 symmetrically move the molding walls 10 and 20 in the direction of adjustment V to a distance B1> B2, so that the central axis A of the pressing punches 5 and 7 remains centered. Replace the pressing plates on the punches 5 and 7 and install the pressing plates 6 and 8, which are adjusted to the new brick width B1.

In FIG. 6, the holding devices 60 and 70 are in a reactivated state in which, in particular, the stop valves 35 and 38 are inserted into the new stop gaps, which correspond to the new distance B1. The molding walls 10 and 20 are now locked again, and with this molding tool, it is now possible to extrude bricks with a width of B1.

To move from a larger brick width B1 to a smaller brick width B2, the steps are carried out in the exact reverse order, i.e. in the order of FIG. 6 onwards through FIG. 5 and FIG. 4 to FIG. 3.

In FIG. 7-10 show the transition procedure of an adjustable molding tool containing only one adjustable molding wall 10 and three stationary molding walls 20, 30 and 40.

In FIG. 7 shows the main position of the molding tool used for pressing billets of bricks with a width of B2. The molding wall 10 is installed using the control actuator 11 at a distance B2 from the molding wall 20, and is also held in the direction of adjustment V with its lateral parts 16 and 17 by means of a holding device 60, in particular by means of interlock valves 35 and 38, which interact with retaining gaps 15 and 18. Press plates are arranged on the pressing punches, which are adapted to the width B2 of the brick, and on the upper pressing punch 5 there is a pressing plate 6. The central axis A of the pressing punches 5 and 7 preferably set so that it is centered relative to the pressing plates 6 and 8 and the molding walls 10 and 20 or is an axis of symmetry for the molding space 2.

In FIG. 8, the holding device 60 is shown in a deactivated state in which, in particular, the stop valves 35 and 38 are removed from the stop gaps. The molding wall 10 can now be freely adjusted.

In FIG. 9, the control actuator 11 moves the molding wall 10 in the direction from the molding wall 20 in the direction V of adjustment by a distance B1> B2. The holding device 60 is in a reactivated state in which, in particular, the stop valves 35 and 38 are inserted into the new stop gaps, which correspond to the new distance B1. Thus, the retention of the molding wall 10 and 20 is again ensured.

However, due to the unidirectional regulation of the molding wall 10, the central axis A of the pressing punches 5 and 7 is not centered. Thus, according to FIG. 9, the box form 3 is here further unlocked and offset in the Z direction of displacement from the Z0 position to the Z1 position, so that the central axis A is again in the center of the molding space 3 between the forming walls 10 and 20, and then the box form 3 is again locked. According to FIG. 10, replace the press plates on the punches 5 and 7 and install the press plates 6 and 8, which are fitted to the new brick width B1.

To move from a larger brick width B1 to a smaller brick width B2, the steps are carried out in the order illustrated in FIG. 10, further replacing the pressing plates with plates of a smaller width B2, releasing the holding device 60, adjusting the forming wall 10 with moving from B1 to B2, and fixing it with the holding device 60 in accordance with FIG. 8-9 hold the molding wall 10 in accordance with FIG. 7, and only after that the box form 3 is shifted in the opposite direction by a value d in the reverse order in accordance with FIG. 8-9.

The control drive 11 or 21 also provides an additional function or mode of operation in which, before removing the brick blank, the adjustable molding wall is moved outward for a small distance, which ensures its release from the blank. Due to this, friction force and buoyancy force can be significantly reduced.

In addition, in another embodiment, the support part 14 or 24 can be brought out by the control actuator 11 or 21 outward with respect to the other molding walls 30 and 40 for reconfiguring the tool, and further the pressing plate 12 and / or the pressing plate 22 can be replaced by a pressing plate or pressing part with a different contour, in particular with a triangular contour in cross section relative to the pressing direction P, so that special formats can be obtained whose cross section is triangular, pentagonal, trapezoidal or curved otherwise, in particular concave or convex. To do this, depending on the task, the brick is rotated again or the dimensions are interchanged, namely the length of the brick, the width of the brick and the height of the brick.

In FIG. 12 shows an illustrative embodiment in which a pressing part 12 '(or a wear part), which has a wedge-shaped or triangular cross-sectional shape, is mounted or used on the support part 14 of the molding wall 10 instead of the rectilinear pressing plate 12. The molding surface of the molding wall 10, which is adjacent to the molding space 2, is now flat on the inside of the wedge-shaped or triangular pressing part 12 ', which is inclined at an angle to the direction V of the adjustment. As a consequence, the molding space 2 in the cross section no longer has a rectangular shape, but has a trapezoidal shape. Another pressing plate 22 on the molding wall 20 is made as shown in FIG. 6, for example so that it extends directly perpendicular to the direction V of adjustment, however, this pressing plate can also be replaced by a pressing part of a different shape.

In one specific embodiment shown in FIG. 13, as the central partition or central wall of FIG. 6, located, in particular, centrally in the region of the central axis A, an additional dividing molding wall 80 is installed or provided, which divides the molding space 2 into two separate molding spaces 2A and 2B, each of which is intended for the manufacture of one relatively small-sized brick blank . The molding space 2A is located between the adjustable molding wall 10 and the separation molding wall 80, and the second molding space 2B is located between the adjustable molding wall 20 and the separation molding wall 80. For each molding space 2A and 2B, corresponding pressing punches are assigned, of which in FIG. 13 schematically shows an upper pressing punch 5A containing an upper pressing plate 6A for a molding space 2A, and an upper pressing punch 5B containing an upper pressing plate 6B for a molding space 2A. From one initial molding space with two adjustable molding walls, two smaller molding spaces 2A and 2B are now obtained, which are separated by a separating molding wall 80 and each of which has respectively only one adjustable molding wall 10 or 230. The separating molding wall 80 can preferably be installed or removed depending on need or required brick formats.

Thus, the pressing device is, in particular, a press for joining bricks with an adjustable tool system to provide various brick formats.

List of Reference Numbers

2, 2A, 2B Forming space

3 Box shape

4 Interior space

5, 5A, 5B Upper pressing punch

6, 6 ', 6A, 6B Upper pressing plate

7 Lower pressing punch

8 Lower pressing plate

10 Molding wall

11 Regulating drive

12, 12 'Press plate, pressing part

14 Support part

15 locking clearance

16, 17 Side

18 locking clearance

20 Molding wall

21 Regulating drive

22 Wear part

24 Support part

25 locking clearance

26, 27 Side

28 locking clearance

30 Molding wall

35 Gate valve

38 Gate valve

40 molding wall

55 Block of the upper punch

57 Block of the lower punch

60 Restraint

70 Restraint

80 Separation molding wall

A Central axis

B1, B2 Brick Width

H Brick Height

L Brick length

P direction of pressing

V Direction of adjustment

Claims (30)

1. A method of manufacturing blanks of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, according to which: a) during the first technological process in at least one molding space (2) bounded by at least two, preferably four, molding walls (10, 20, 30, 40), the bricks of the first format are pressed from raw materials, and during the second process using at least one pair of pressing punches (5 and 6; 7 and 8), made with the possibility of rapprochement in the direction (P) of the pressing in the space (2) of the molding formed between these molding walls (10, 20, 30 , 40), billets are pressed from raw materials bricks of the second format, b) moreover, between the first technological process and the second technological process, at least one of the indicated molding walls (10 and 20) of the molding space (2) is controlled by the designated control drive (11 and 21) in such a way that in the first technological process and in the second process distinguishes the cross-section of the molding space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one size (B1, B2) of the molding space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), due to preferably it is different and brick format. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said at least one molding space with its molding walls is located in the inner space (4) of the box shape (3), and the corresponding control drive is preferably attached to the box shape, in particular at least partially located in the interior of the box-shaped form, or corresponding control drives are preferably attached to the box-shaped form, in particular at least partially located in the interior of the box-shaped form. 3. The method according to p. 1, according to which between only the first and second technological processes, with the help of an assigned control drive (11), only one of these molding walls (10) of the molding space (2) is regulated, and after adjusting this molding wall, the molding space or its the molding walls are preferably centered relative to the central axis (A) of the pressing of said pressing punches so that the adjusted molding wall and the opposite molding wall are located on equal distance from the central axis (A) of the pressing. 4. The method according to p. 1, according to which between the first and second technological processes two opposite molding walls (10, 20) of the molding space (2) are controlled by the designated control drives (11, 21) and preferably centered relative to the central axis ( A) pressing said pressing punches is either controlled while maintaining centering, or is adjusted to be centered in such a way that two adjusted molding walls opposite to each other are located They are equally spaced from the central axis (A) of the pressing. 5. The method according to p. 4, according to which it is made possible to install or installed between two adjustable molding walls (10, 20) a separating molding wall (80), which divides the molding space (29) into two separate molding spaces (2A, 2B) , each of which is limited by one of the adjustable molding walls (10, 20) on the one hand and the separation molding wall (80) on the other. 6. The method according to claim 1, according to which, after adjusting said at least one molding wall (10, 20), it is subsequently held during the first technological process and the second technological process using at least one corresponding holding device (60, 70 ), and the holding device is released or deactivated before adjustment between the processes and is again fixed or activated after adjustment, with at least one holding device being preferred but it is integrated in the corresponding control drive or is a unit that is independent of the control drive, and / or the specified holding device or each holding device does not change the position of the molding wall defined by the control drive (11, 21). 7. A method of manufacturing billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, according to which: a) during the first technological process in at least one molding space (2) limited by the molding walls (10, 20, 30, 40), bricks of the first format are pressed from raw materials, and during the second technological process using a pair of pressing punches (5 and 6, 7 and 8) made with the possibility of convergence in the pressing direction (P) in the molding space (2) formed between the molding walls (10, 20, 30, 40), second-format brick blanks are pressed from raw materials, b) wherein between the first process and the second process at least one of the molding walls (10 and 20) of the molding space (2) is at least partially replaced and preferably controlled in such a way that it differs in the first process and in the second process a section of the molding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or at least one size (B1, B2) of the molding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), as a result of which aetsya and brick format. 8. The method according to p. 7, according to which in the first technological process, the cross-section of the molding space has a first shape, in particular has a rectangular shape, and after replacing the specified at least one molding wall in the second technological process, this section has a different shape, in particular has non-rectangular shape, triangular shape, trapezoidal shape or pentagonal shape, or has a curved outline. 9. The method according to p. 1 or 7, according to which in each case between the first and second technological processes for fitting under different sections of the molding space (2), perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), or the dimensions (B1, B2) of the space (2) moldings perpendicular to the direction (R) of pressing in the first and second technological processes replace one pressing plate (6, 6 ', 8) on pressing punches (5, 7). 10. A method of manufacturing billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, according to which: a) in at least one molding space (2) limited by the molding walls (10, 20, 30, 40), using a pair of pressing punches (5 and 6; 7 and 8) made with the possibility of rapprochement in the direction (P) pressing in the molding space (2) formed between the molding walls (10, 20, 30, 40), the billets are pressed from the raw materials, and then these bricks are removed from the specified molding space using one of the pressing punches, b) wherein said molding walls are smooth and / or have no recesses or protrusions to provide a tongue-and-groove connection, and / or the length of the brick is formed in the pressing direction, the width of the brick and the height of the brick are formed perpendicular to the pressing direction, and c) after pressing and before removing the brick blank, at least one of these molding walls is diverted outward using an appropriate control drive to release it from the brick blank before removing this blank. 11. A device for the manufacture of billets of bricks for masonry, in particular sand-lime bricks, for the implementation, in particular, of the method according to one of the preceding paragraphs, comprising: a) at least one molding space (2) limited by at least two, and preferably four, molding walls (10, 20, 30, 40), b) a filling device for filling the molding space with raw materials, c) at least one pair of pressing punches (5 and 6; 7 and 8) configured to come closer in the pressing direction (P) in said molding space (2) formed between said molding walls (10, 20, 30, 40 ), for pressing billets of bricks from raw materials with which the indicated molding space was filled, d) wherein at least one molding wall (10 and 20) is adjustable with the aid of an assigned control drive (11 and 21) so that in the first and second technological processes the section of the molding space (2) is perpendicular to the direction (P ) pressing, or at least one size (B1, B2) of the molding space (2) perpendicular to the pressing direction (P), whereby the format of the brick is preferably different, e) wherein, for said or each adjustable molding wall (10, 20), an appropriate holding device (60, 70) is assigned to hold it during the first technological process and the second technological process, and said holding device or each holding device does not change the position of the molding wall defined by the control drive (11, 21). 12. The device according to p. 11, having at least one of the following features or any combination thereof: a) the indicated or each molding space (2) is located in the inner space (4) of the box shape (3), b) a suitable control drive or corresponding control drives are attached to the box form and, in particular, are at least partially located in the interior of the box form, c) at least one control actuator is a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic piston-cylinder system, d) at least one control drive is a drive, in particular a rotation drive driven by an electric motor, e) at least one holding device is integrated in a suitable control drive, in particular as a locking or braking device between a piston and a cylinder of a pneumatic or hydraulic piston-cylinder system, as a locking or braking device on a rotation drive shaft or as a mechanical engine brake in an electric motor, for example on a rotor of an electric motor, f) at least one holding device is a unit that is independent of the corresponding control actuator, and contains, in particular, interlocking locking valves (35, 38) and locking gaps (15, 18, 25, 28) made or located, in particular, on a box form and on one or two side parts (16, 17, 26, 27) of the molding wall, which are preferably made on the supporting part.

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