RU2541656C1 - Opener section of seeding machine for tilled and gourds crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: opener section of the seeding machine comprises a freely rotating flanged flat blade mounted on a leash, a seed-guide and a furrow-generating working body mounted fixedly. The furrow-generating working body has a front pointed part connected along the radius of a circle between the vertical part and the lower horizontal part. The angle of tapering of the jaws of the furrow-generating working body is made smaller than the angle of friction of soil to steel. The seed-guide is coupled with the rear part of the furrow-generating working body, is made with variable cross section and has a tapering in the lower part which width is equal to the width of the furrow formed by the furrow-generating working body. The seed-guide front wall has a greater length than the rear, that forms the point of the seed-guide. Behind the seed-guide on the height-adjustable rack, made fork-shaped, a compacting-embedding roller is mounted, in the form of two truncated cones opposite mounted with the smaller sides. The roller width is greater than the width of the furrow. Behind the compacting-embedding roller using the traction a mulching coverer is mounted in the form of a mesh harrow. The opener section is mounted on the beam having parallelogram hinge weighed on the frame of the seeding machine.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the seed germination and yield.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines for row crops, vegetables and melons, providing a given depth of seed placement and shelter them with a moist layer of soil.

A known opener for sowing row crops and gourds, including a rack mounted on a parallelogram hitch, a lumping working body and a rolling roller, while a copying wheel is installed in front of the lumping working body with height adjustment using leashes fixed to the rack, the lump working body itself is made in the form of two dumps installed at an angle to the direction of movement, and blades offset relative to each other, while the blades are installed horizontally, dumps mounted on a rack with the possibility of height adjustment, a shoe with a wedge-shaped chest, a sock-nose and a wedge-shaped furrow-forming heel is fixed at the bottom of the rack, a packer roller in the form of two opposite truncated cones is installed on the rack behind the dumps with an adjustable leash and sector the parameters of the cones are made from the conditions of coverage and compression of the groove made by a wedge-shaped furrow-forming heel (RU, patent for the invention No. 2446660, IPC A01C 7/20).

The coulter's disadvantages include the formation of a fifth groove, which causes increased traction resistance and does not provide compaction of the groove walls, in addition, the pointed front edge of the support post will be enveloped by plant residues and increase the coulter traction resistance.

A combined coulter is known, comprising a freely rotating flat disk with flanges mounted on a leash, a fixed seed guide and a furrow forming working body, the lower edge of which is made as part of a keeled opener, while a furrow cutter with dumpers is installed behind the disk with flanges, the lower cutting edge of which has an inclination at an angle β to the horizontal, the seed guide is equipped with a vacuum chamber communicating with the pressure cavity of the fan, and earthing devices are installed behind the part of the keeled opener (RU, patent for invention No. 2405297 C1, IPC A01C 7/20).

The disadvantages of this combined coulter include the complexity of the design, low reliability, the inability to form a groove of a given profile, and sheltering the seeds with shorting leads to their displacement along the axis of the row. In addition, an open furrow leads to significant moisture loss in the row area.

This combined opener is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the formation of a groove in the soil of a given profile, laying of seeds in a moist soil layer with their fixation along the row axis, sheltering of seeds with a wet soil layer, ensuring the necessary contact of seeds with a moist soil layer.

EFFECT: increased field germination of seeds, improved growth and development of plants, increased yield.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the opener section of the seeder for row crops and melons, containing a freely rotating flat disk with flanges mounted on a leash, the seed guide and the furrow-forming working body are fixed, according to the invention, the furrow-forming working body is combined, while the front pointed part of the furrow-forming the working body is mated along the radius of the circle between the vertical part and the lower horizontal part, the angle of sharpening of the cheeks b of the draw-forming working body is made smaller than the angle of friction of the soil against steel, the seed guide is paired with the back of the furrow-forming working body and made of variable cross section, having a narrowing in the lower part, the width of which is equal to the width of the groove formed by the furrow-forming working body, and the front wall of the seed guide has a greater length than the back, which forms the toe of the seed guide, behind the seed guide on a height-adjustable stand made of a fork-shaped, there is a press-close roller in the form there are two truncated cones, which are oppositely established by small bases, and the roller’s width is greater than the groove width by the amount of wall collapse — the angle of soil friction against the soil; behind the packer-packer roller, a mulching screw in the form of a mesh harrow is installed using a pull rod; hitch on the seeder frame.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "Novelty" under existing law.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the coulter section, side view.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The opener section is mounted on the seeder bed 1 and includes a sowing unit 2 for seeds of the sowing culture. In front of the metering device 2 on the bed 1, a stand 3 of the furrower is fixed. Under the sowing apparatus 2, the seed guide 4 is fixed to the bed 1. A fork-shaped stand 5 with height adjustment is mounted on the bed 1 on the bed 1. On the rack 5, a press-close-up roller 6 is installed, made in the form of two truncated cones set opposite to the small bases. A rod 7 is pivotally mounted on the mounting bolt of the rack 5, on which the mulching bead 8 is fixed in the form of a mesh harrow. In the lower part of the rack 3, a replaceable wedge-shaped furrower 9 is made, the wedge angle of which, depending on the physicomechanical properties of the seeds of the sowing crop, is within 30 ... 50 °.

The furrow-forming working body 9 is made combined. The front pointed part of the furrow-forming working body is mated along the radius of the circle between the vertical part and the lower horizontal part. The angle of sharpening of the cheeks of the furrow-forming working body 9 is made smaller than the angle of friction of the soil against steel.

In front of the ridge 1, a disk knife 11 with flanges 12 is mounted on the bracket 10, acting as a copy wheel. The bed 1 is fixed with a parallelogram hitch 13 on the frame 14 of the seeder.

The opener section operates as follows.

When moving along the surface of a field prepared for sowing, a disk knife 11 cuts the soil layer in a vertical plane to a predetermined seed placement depth of the sowed crop. This is provided by the flanges 12, which limit the deepening of the knife 11 and provide copying of the relief of the field. This allows you to withstand a given depth of seed placement. A wedge-shaped groove former 9 spreads the cut soil layer and forms a wedge-shaped groove of a given profile, which ensures the fixation of seeds along the axis of the row.

In this case, the sharpening of the pointed part of the furrow former 9 by plant residues does not occur, since they are previously cut with a disk knife 11. Seeds are fed from the metering apparatus 2 of the precision metering device through the seed tube 4 and fixed in the bottom of the furrow. Such fixation of seeds makes it possible to take a minimum protective zone during inter-row cultivation and reduce the cost of manual labor for weeding.

The rolling-sealing roller 6 acts on the side walls of the groove and compresses them, ensuring the fixation of seeds at the bottom of the groove. In this case, the seeds are embedded in the moist soil layer and the necessary contact of the seeds with the moist soil layer is created.

Such seeding allows you to significantly increase the germination of seeds, their energy of growth and development, as well as productivity.

The mulching clutch 8 loosens the topsoil in the area of the sown row, which reduces moisture loss by evaporation.

Claims (1)

The opener section of the seeder for row crops and gourds, containing a freely rotating flat knife mounted on a leash with flanges, a fixed seed guide and a furrow-forming working body, characterized in that the furrow-forming working tool has a front pointed part conjugated along the circumference between the vertical part and the lower horizontal part, and the sharpening angle of the cheeks of the furrow-forming working body is made smaller than the angle of friction of the soil against steel, while the seed guide is paired with the back of the furrow-forming working body, made of variable cross-section and has a narrowing in the lower part, the width of which is equal to the width of the groove formed by the furrow-forming working body, and the anterior wall of the seed guide has a longer length than the back, which forms the toe of the seed guide, in addition, behind the seed guide to a height-adjustable stand made of a fork-shaped mounted-closing roller in the form of two truncated cones mounted on the opposite of small bases, the width of the roller being pain more than the width of the groove, and behind the packer-sealer roller with the help of a traction, a mulching zagotchik in the form of a mesh harrow is installed, while the coulter section is mounted on a bed with a parallelogram hitch on the seeder frame.

Images