RU2223625C1 - Combined single-disk shank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, seeding machines. SUBSTANCE: shank has disk mounted in vertical position on bracket at an angle to machine advancement direction so that draft direction coincides with shank advancement direction. Restricting flange on disk outer surface is made in the form of half of ellipsoid of rotation attached to disk by means of detachable members. Seed guide and fertilizer guide are arranged behind bracket and devices for covering seeds with moistened soil layer and for covering of fertilizer are arranged between seed guide and fertilizer, so that soil layer is provided between seeds and fertilizer with different extent of soil thickness covered by shank. Such construction allows uniform depth of soil to be passed by shank and prevents shank from wrapping with plant remains. EFFECT: combined seed sowing and fertilizer applying processes, provision for separating seeds and fertilizers by soil layer and covering of seeds with soil layer without carrying out of lower soil layers onto surface. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines.

Known single-disk opener containing a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, seed and needle guides, a guard and a removable disk flange in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is attached to the plane of the disk (SU copyright certificate 250572 (Single-disk opener. IPC ⁷ A 01 C 7/20. Single disc opener. - Application 1140647 / 30-15; claimed 16.03.1967; published 12.08.1969, bull. 26).

 A disadvantage of the known design is that the disk is mounted at an angle to the vertical. This leads to an unstable coulter stroke both in the depth of sowing and in the direction of movement of the sowing unit. The implementation of the flange in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base attached to the disk leads to the capture of soil by the internal cavity of the cone. This causes the formation of an additional groove with a large base of the cone and leads to an unstable depth movement of the opener. The coulter design does not provide a device that separates seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer. In addition, in the opener there is no device that provides sheltering seeds with a moist layer of soil.

 Also known is a single-disk opener containing a disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and at an angle to the horizontal plane, a leash and seed guide (SU copyright certificate 759064. Single-disk opener, M. class 3 A 01 C 7/20, Application 2759754/30 -15; claimed 04.25.1979; publ. 08.30.1960, bull. 32).

 The disadvantage of this design of the opener is an unstable stroke caused by the installation of its disc at an angle to the horizontal plane. This leads to uneven coulter depth. The coulter does not provide a device for adjusting the depth of stroke. A sleeve with a roller mounted on a leash does not affect the depth of travel, since they are not connected to the surface of the field.

A combined coulter is known, comprising a vertically located flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of motion and a stationary furrow-forming working body mounted on the inside, made in the form of an uneven keeled opener with a blunt angle of entry into the soil (SU copyright certificate 923412. M. Cl. ³ A 01 With 7/20. Combined opener. Application 2854901 / 30-15; claimed 12/14/1979; publ. 04/30/1982, bull. 16).

 This coulter design is accepted as the closest analogue. The disadvantages of this design include the unstable opener depth movement due to the lack of devices that provide a given sowing depth, and the arm traction line does not coincide with the direction of movement of the opener. This leads to lateral forces and, as a consequence, to the row straightness. There are no devices in the coulter for sheltering the seeds with a moist layer of soil. It lacks devices for applying and covering fertilizers with soil.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The objective of the invention is to ensure uniform coulter depth.

 The technical result is a combination of the processes of sowing seeds and fertilizing, covering the seeds with a moist layer of soil, separation of seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer, covering fertilizers with a layer of soil and the appearance of stable, aligned seedlings.

 The problem is achieved in that in the known combined single-disc opener, including a vertical disk mounted on the inside of the bracket, ensuring the coincidence of the direction of traction with the direction of movement of the opener, and on the outside has a restrictive flange in the form of half an ellipsoid of rotation fixed to the disk by removable elements, and behind the bracket there is a vas deferens and a fertilizer conduit, between which are installed shortcuts for covering the seeds with a moist layer of soil and sheltering fertilizers with cross-section of the soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers with different amounts of soil capture in height.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 Figure 1 shows a combined single-disc opener.

 Figure 2 is the same plan view.

 In Fig.3 - section aa in Fig.1, the profile of the shaper of the groove.

The combined single-disc coulter contains a vertically arranged flat disk 1 mounted on an arm 2 at an angle β to the direction of travel, the axis of which makes an angle of 90 ^° β with a direction on a leash 3 connected to the frame of the seed section (not shown in the drawing). On the outer side of the disk 1 is mounted a flange 4, which is an element in the form of half an ellipsoid of revolution. A scraper is fixed on the leash 3. The ribs 4 are attached to the disk using quick-detachable elements 6. On the inside of the disk to the lower part of the bracket 2, a fixed furrow former 7 is fixed. Shaper 7 grooves is a wedge-shaped protrusion in the form of a keel with predetermined angles of the groove solution. Behind the shaper 7 of the groove is installed vas deferens 8, which has a slice in the rear. Behind the seed tube 8 there is a collar 9. It is fixed to the leash 10 of the support-rolling wheel 11. On the collar 9 and the frame of the seeder section, a piping 12 is mounted, which has a slice in the lower back. The height of the installation of the piping is greater than the height of the installation of the seed tube by the amount of the necessary layer between the seeds and fertilizers. Behind the pipe line 12, a zagotag 13 is installed to cover the fertilizers with the upper soil layer. Zagortachi 9 and 13 are placed on a leash 10 using bolts 14. The side cheeks of the stationary shaper 7 grooves are installed at an angle to the horizontal plane. Its angle of inclination is equal to the angle of repose of compacted moist soil in the seed layer.

 Combined single-disc opener works as follows.

 When the seeder moves across the field, disc 1 cuts the soil and plant debris to the depth of seed placement. This provides a restrictive flange 4, which copies the relief of the surface of the field without disturbing its structure due to the ellipsoid shape.

 The adhering soil is removed from the flange surface with a scraper 5. The diameter of the flange can be varied depending on the required seed placement depth with the help of interchangeable elements 4 of different diameters, which are fixed with quick-detachable elements 6. The bracket 2 is fixed on the leash 3. It ensures the matching of the direction of movement and the traction force and keeps the coulter stable along the row axis. Seeds coming from the sowing apparatus are fed through the vas deferens 8 to the bottom of the wedge-shaped groove formed by the furrow former 7 and are fixed along the row axis due to the angle γ of inclination of the groove walls to the horizontal. Zagortach 9 captures the moist soil layer from the groove wall and covers it with seeds.

 Fertilizers are fed from above to the moist soil layer through the piping 12, which are covered from above by soil captured by zagrotachchik 13 from the upper layers of the groove. Zagortachki 9 and 13 are fixed to the leash 10, which can change its position on the bracket 2. This allows you to change the depth of capture of the soil by zagortachami. The described adjustment makes it possible to change the pressure force of the support-rolling wheel 11 on the row axis. This increases the stability of the coulter along the depth of sowing seeds. The coulter design provides high-quality seed placement in the soil and the emergence of friendly seedlings.

Claims (4)

1. Combined single-disc coulter containing a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, on the inside of which a fixed furrow former is installed, characterized in that the disk is mounted on the bracket at an angle to the direction of movement from the inside and has a flange on the outside representing a replaceable element in the form of half an ellipsoid of revolution. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the disk mounting bracket there is a vas deferens and a fertilizer conduit separated by zapper, and the vas deferens is installed below the conduit by the size of the earth layer between the seeds and fertilizers. 3. The coulter according to claim 1, characterized in that the earthing device is fixed on a leash of the supporting-rolling wheel with the possibility of changing the stroke along the depth of the seed bed. 4. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral cheeks of the stationary shaper of the groove are installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, while its value is equal to the angle of repose of compacted moist soil.

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