RU2431015C1 - Diversion well hydraulic power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. ^ SUBSTANCE: hydraulic power plant includes a water reservoir, for instance, a river, a water intake, by means of which it is communicated in its upper course with the upper end of a supplying tunnel discharge water conduit, the lower part of which is connected with a hydraulic unit, the outlet of which is communicated with a discharge water conduit, or with a discharge tunnel water conduit, the lower end of which - with the drainage zone, for instance, with the river in its lower course. The hydraulic unit comprises a hydraulic machine, for instance, a hydraulic turbine, installed in the water conduit and kinematically connected with an electric generator. The outlet of the electric generator is connected with an electric converter, to which an electric load is connected. The supplying tunnel discharge water conduit is a directionally drilled well, and the discharge water conduit is either a directionally drilled well, or a canal. ^ EFFECT: invention makes it possible to expand the conditions of the hydraulic power plant application up to practically everywhere in mountain environment and to obtain all advantages of renewable energy sources during its operation.

Description

The invention relates to hydropower and can be used in the construction of derivational hydropower plants mainly in highlands.

Known damless hydroelectric power station (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation RU2173745 according to the application No. 98123023/13 of 12/18/1009, M.cl. EV2B 9/00; F03B 13/00. Publ. 20.09.2001), including the derivation channel made with a slope of the bottom, a smaller slope of the bottom of the river at the installation site of the hydroelectric power station, an active turbine with blades in the form of buckets rigidly fixed along the rim of the impeller, a generator and a mechanism for reducing the speed of the turbine impeller to the generator speed. In the reduction mechanism, a generator shaft braking mechanism is installed in the form of a controlled hydrodynamic coupling. The invention provides the rotation of the turbine impeller with constant torque on its axis, regardless of the load on the rotor of the generator and, as a consequence, the constancy of rotation of the generator shaft, regardless of electrical loads in its network. A disadvantage of the known damless derivative hydroelectric power station is that the conditions for its use are limited. It can be used in conditions where the slope of the bottom of the river i _{river is} greater than the slope of the derivation channel i _village ( _river i> 1 _{village k} ). The derivation channel of a hydroelectric power station is surface and is performed, as a rule, using trays, often open. Thus, the disadvantage of a damless hydroelectric power station is that its operation in a sharply continental climate in winter can be accompanied by problems associated with low (negative) ambient temperatures and possible freezing of watercourses in trays.

Known downhole hydroelectric power station (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation RU 2373431 according to the application No. 2007139652/06 of 10.25.2007, Mcl F03G 7/04; F03B 13/00. Publ. 20.11.2009, bull. No. 32), including a water source, a conduit in communication with it, the lower end of which is connected to a drainage zone located below the point of communication of the conduit with a feed tank, a hydraulic machine installed in the lower part of the conduit, for example, a turbine kinematically connected to an electric generator, an electric line connecting the electric generator to the surface at the mouth wells, water con azovan borehole drilled to sink zone for water source made a surface water body, in a zone which is drilled or groundwater zone or zones or shallow reservoir with a subterranean zone or zones, water conduits are provided with flow regulation devices, such as regulators, valves. Flow control devices are installed in the well in the channel of its communication with the (aquifer) aquifers and are configured to remotely control them from the day surface, the turbine and the electric generator are aggregated and comprise a downhole hydraulic unit equipped with a latch. The downhole hydraulic unit and the electric line of communication of the generator with the day surface are made adapted for operation in borehole conditions, and their operation is compatible with the technique and technology of drilling wells. The well or its individual intervals are drilled either vertically, or inclined or directional, and the drainage zone is the absorption interval of natural or artificial origin communicated with it, and in mountain conditions, the intersection of the well with the surface of the mountainous terrain.

Since the water conduit in it is a well whose walls have a positive temperature, it is free from the drawback characteristic of the damless derivative hydroelectric station considered above. However, in it, the source and sink of water are heterogeneous, for example, the source of water is one (higher) underground aquifer, and the drain is another (lower) underground absorption zone. Such a situation can lead to disruption of the natural natural water balance, as well as to the formed ecological balance. It is not derivational, providing for the formation of pressure between two sections of the same river, located at different altitudinal positions, due to the artificially created channel with a different slope, connecting the river in these sections.

Closest to the claimed and adopted as a prototype is a derivative hydroelectric power station with pressure derivation and a tunnel conduit (N.N. Arshenevsky, F.F. Gubin, V.Ya. Karelin and others. Hydroelectric power plants: A textbook for high ^schools , under the editorship of F. F. Gubina and V.Ya. Karelina. - ^2nd ed., Revised. - M., Energia, 1980. - 368 p., Ill., Pp. 36-37), which refers to the derivation scheme of the hydroelectric power station. (Such a scheme makes it possible to obtain a concentrated drop by diverting water from the natural channel of the river through an artificial water conduit. Due to this, the water level in the river at the end of the water conduit is higher than the level in the river. This creates a difference in the pressure of the hydroelectric power station. Depending on the type of diversion conduit, hydroelectric power plants are distinguished from non-pressure and with pressure derivation. In derivational hydroelectric power stations the water balance of the river is observed, they practically do not introduce environmental problems into the natural existence of the river.) It is free from the disadvantages characteristic of damless hydroelectric appear higher in the operation of its at low ambient temperatures. The building of such a hydroelectric station, in which hydraulic units are installed, can be either surface or underground. In the latter case, the building of the hydroelectric power station is connected with the water intake (water intake) by the tunnel inlet water conduit, and with the river in its lower stream - by the outlet tunnel water conduit. It includes a reservoir, for example, a river, water intake, through which it is connected in its upper stream with the upper end of the inlet tunnel pressure pipe, the lower part of which is connected to the hydraulic unit, the outlet of which is connected to the outlet pipe or to the outlet tunnel pipe, the lower end of which is with the zone runoff, for example, with the river in its lower reaches, and the hydraulic unit contains a hydraulic machine installed in the water pipe, for example, a hydraulic turbine kinematically connected to an electric generator, the output of which is connected nen with the electric converter to which the electric consumer is connected. In a derivational hydroelectric power station with a pressure derivation and a tunnel conduit adopted as a prototype, a tunnel conduit is a mine working directed in a rock mass, and there is an inequality i of the _river <i _village . A pressure derivative tunnel conduit located in a rock mass with a positive temperature is not affected by the negative temperatures of the surrounding rocks, and during its operation there are no problems with its possible freezing.

The disadvantage of the derivative power plant, adopted as a prototype, is a) the complexity of the construction of a pressure derivative tunnel conduit; b) in that the limiting depths of such water conduits are limited. The drawback in subsection a) is explained by the fact that the mining through which an underground pressure head derivative tunnel conduit is constructed is complex (ibid., P. 259) by the construction (for example, the smallest size of the pressure tunnel is 2.1 · 1.9 m; ibid., p. 268). In addition to a relatively large cross-section, during the construction of an underground pressure tunnel, the following should be performed: cementation of rocks adjacent to the surface of the mine working complex of works to protect the tunnel from groundwater, as well as to give its surface a minimum roughness (to minimize hydroresistance to the flow moving along it water). Driving through a pressure tunnel is costly. Regarding the drawback according to item b), the maximum depth is limited by the technical feasibility (given the current level of development of engineering and technology for vertical mining, it is undoubted that this also takes into account the economic feasibility of constructing such excavations) mining, and, as the well-known experience, the greatest depths of pressure head diversion tunnel water pipelines of hydroelectric power stations are up to 1700-2000 m, so the highest pressure head are: Raisek hydroelectric power station in Austria, pressure 1767 m and hydroelectric power station on the river. Bogotá in Colombia, head 2000 m (ibid., P. 35). At shallow depths, small pressure heads of the stream in the water conduit operate, and, as a result, ceteris paribus (for example, when the flow rate is equal), the hydraulic (and electric) power of the stream (and the station) are not large, and the technical and economic characteristics of the hydroelectric power station are not high either. indicators of her work.

An object of the invention is the creation of a derivative downhole hydroelectric power station in a structure that is less complex and with large realistically achievable depths of a pressure derivative tunneling water conduit than a derivative hydroelectric station according to the prototype.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a well-known hydroelectric power station, including a reservoir, for example a river, a water intake through which it is connected in its upper stream to the upper end of a supply tunnel pressure pipe, the lower part of which is connected to a hydraulic unit, the output of which is connected to a discharge pipe or to a discharge tunnel conduit, the lower end of which is with a drainage zone, for example, with a river in its lower reaches, and the hydraulic unit contains a hydraulic machine installed in the conduit, for example p a hydraulic turbine kinematically connected to an electric generator, the output of which is connected to an electric converter to which an electric consumer is connected, in it the supplying tunnel pressure head conduit is a directionally drilled borehole, and the discharge conduit is either a directionally drilled borehole or a channel.

In a derivative downhole hydroelectric power station:

a) directionally drilled well may be multilateral;

b) pipes may be separate intervals of the laid out profile of a directionally drilled well, imaginaryly located on the day surface;

c) a hydroturbine and an electric generator kinematically connected to it can be installed in the area of the well profile;

g) the hydraulic machine may be a piston machine;

d) from the side of the wellhead and through it additionally (or only in it) a downhole hydraulic unit can be installed connected to the lower part of the pipe string lowered into the well with an electric cable built into it; the casing of the turbine and the generator is made with the possibility of fixing and ensuring the perception of the reactive moment by the support element, which is, for example, a pipe string rigidly fixed at the wellhead and the turbine is a turbo-drill and the generator is an electric drill in the generator mode; the interval of the well in which the downhole hydraulic unit is installed is vertical; the lower and upper ends of the electric cable embedded in the drill string are connected respectively to an electric generator and an electric converter; at the same time, the vicinity of the location of geographically separated power consumers at the wellhead (outlet of the downhole hydraulic unit) and at the drain zone (outlet of the surface hydraulic unit) with their electric networks are power supply centers;

f) in the conditions of a single mountainous terrain, a network of derivative borehole hydroelectric power stations can be created, in each of which several pairwise connected water intakes and drains of one river of directed wells can be drilled, so that they have no communications;

g) the reservoir can be and (or) the underground storage tank located in the upper part of the mountainous relief, connected to the earth's surface by drainage wells; for accumulation, underground or surface waters are used, including those generated during flood periods or during periods of melting mountain glaciers; and with a water runoff zone, a natural body of water located at the bottom of a mountainous terrain, such as a river, or lake, or an underground aquifer;

h) a hydrodynamic heat generator, for example, a vortex disk-type heat generator, the rotor of which is connected to a rotor of a hydraulic turbine installed in the outlet water duct, can be installed in the outlet water conduit, the output of the disk-type vortex heat generator can be connected to the heating and hot water supply network with the possibility of switching its output to to a consumer of hot water or (and) to a thermal accumulator;

i) its outlet water conduit can be connected to a water supply network, domestic-drinking or technical, or to a hydraulic drive of a consumer of water under pressure as an energy resource;

j) a compressor can be connected to the output of the electric converter, the receiver of which is connected to the compressed air accumulator as an energy resource, and the underground water saturated zone is the compressed air accumulator;

k) in mountainous terrain, it can additionally include an engineering and communication well (s), directionally or obliquely drilled (drilled) from the mouth of the electric cutter to the power center (s) located (for example, near the power consumer in which the power and, if necessary, control cables.

Namely, the features formulated in the invention allow achieving the technical task - to create a derivative downhole hydroelectric power station (hereinafter referred to as HPP HPP), in a structure less complex and with large realistically achievable depths of a pressure derivative tunneling water conduit and having greater power and higher energy efficiency than a derivative hydroelectric station according to the prototype . In particular, the lower complexity and cost of constructing an inlet tunnel pressure and outlet conduit in the form of a directionally drilled well are explained by less laboriousness and, as a result, lower cost of drilling, including directional, in comparison with mining excavation (according to the prototype). This is explained by the following. Thanks to existing technical means and proven technology, including directional drilling (Neskoromnykh V.V., Kalinin A.G. Directional Drilling: a Training Manual edited by Dr. A. Kalinin, Prof. A. M .: TsentrLitNeftegaz Publishing House - 2008. - 384 pp. ISBN No. 978-5-902665-14-4), the construction of a pressure derivational tunnel water conduit in the form of a borehole is more technologically advanced and is characterized by multiple high drilling speeds (structures), including work for cementing (plugging) of the near-wellbore space and for its waterproofing from groundwater and the formation of the surface of the walls of the borehole with a rock cutting tip when drilling (for example, diamond) with less roughness. Currently achieved drilling speeds of vertical and directional wells are 100 m per day or more. Despite the fact that the drilling diameter, as a rule, does not exceed 490 mm, in many cases this is enough to create a hydroelectric power station with the capacity required to cover the loads of the consumer (mountain villages). If it is necessary to create large capacities in the claimed DS HPP, it is possible to build a parallel borehole. It is not difficult to assume that a lower cost of constructing a borehole is associated with a lower cost for its construction, the level of which is multiple times lower. At the same time, the achievement of a) large really achievable depths of the pressure derivational tunnel conduit, b) greater power and higher energy efficiency of the claimed hydroelectric power station are explained by a) the achieved drilling depths of exploratory and production wells, which are 7000 m or more. Since the hydraulic power of the flow in the well is determined by the product of the water flow rate by the head (pressure), and the head by the water level in the well, it is easy to see that, ceteris paribus, the higher the water level in the well (the greater the depth of the filled well), the b) the greater power of hydroelectric power station and its energy efficiency. The energy efficiency indicator of a hydroelectric power station can be such a specific indicator as the water consumption for the generation of a unit of electric energy. Undoubtedly, with increasing pressure the specific indicator of hydroelectric power plants decreases (its energy efficiency increases - it improves). If we correlate the energy efficiency index of a hydroelectric power station using the known calorific value of fuel as an energy equivalent, we can see that this ratio (from the technical literature) has the following form: in a hydroelectric power station with a pressure of 3000 m, the energy generated by passing 1 m ^{3 of} water through a turbine is equivalent to the heat released during the burning of fossil fuels (diesel fuel) in a volume of 0.1 m ³ , that is, 1 m ^{3 of} water is equivalent to 0.1 m ^{3 of} diesel fuel (1 m ^{3 of} water - 0.1 m ^{3 of} diesel fuel); in a hydroelectric power station with a pressure of 6000 m, the energy generated by passing 1 m ^{3 of} water through a turbine is equivalent to the heat released when burning fossil fuels (diesel) in a volume of 0.2 m ³ , that is, 1 m ^{3 of} water is equivalent to 0.2 m ³ diesel fuel (1 m ^{3 of} water - 0.2 m ^{3 of} diesel fuel).

An example of the claimed DS of a hydroelectric power station in mountainous terrain can be a solution in which a river, going around a mountain formation, going down its opposite slopes, makes a loop - a bend on the terrain (its length can be several kilometers or even several tens of kilometers), so that with an increasing difference altitude position, the distance between river streams on different slopes of a mountain formation (bend, as well as in river meandering) is not large. At the same time, the position of the trajectory of the directionally drilled borehole of the HPP hydroelectric power station, connecting river streams on opposite slopes of a mountain formation, which makes it possible to obtain the desired maximum power of the station with minimal financial costs for the construction of a water conduit, is most acceptable.

The following are signs of a.a) to a.l) of the additional items of the invention, which are aimed at detailing the implementation of the following indicators for the designation of a DS HPP and its operating conditions (wider).

a) A directionally drilled well may be multilateral.

In mountainous conditions, electric consumers, for example, settlements (villages), are usually located dispersed (in height and in plan) on the mountain slopes. The construction of a multilateral well of a hydroelectric power station with a main well (vertical) and directed away from it, drilled from it before crossing with the day surface in the area where specific consumers of electric energy are located, allows at minimal cost (since one main well is being constructed, its diameter may be larger than the diameters of the directed shafts extending from it) to form a high head, create the hydraulic power of the water stream and convert it into electrical energy directly but each electric consumer - a mountain settlement (village) without erecting dams for this and without changing the natural mountain natural surface landscape. At the same time, there is no need to construct trunk electric lines for electric power transmission during its production at one large hydroelectric power station remote from the consumer (a traditionally widespread scheme at present). In addition, under certain conditions, from a directionally drilled well, due to the pressure of water in it, it (pressure) can be used to supply pressure water to a mountain village.

b) Pipes may be individual intervals of the laid out profile of a directionally drilled well, imaginaryly located on the day surface.

A directionally drilled well, as a rule, has a profile that repeats the profile of the mountainous terrain (rational), flattening at the foot. At the same time, on the interval made, the (rational) profile of the well can intersect formations having elevation differences (decays, ravines, hills, etc.), and the intervals of the (rational) well profile located in such formations on the day surface are imaginary sections of the profile. Based on economic considerations, in order to ensure maximum pressure in the indicated (rational) well profile, the intervals of the imaginary profile (located on the day surface) should be constructed from pipes.

c) A hydroturbine and a kinematically connected electric generator can be installed in the area of the well profile.

Natural formation in mountainous areas can be stepwise with a ledge represented by a plain. The mountainous plain is the most attractive for living and carrying out economic activities, including tourism and the creation of recreational facilities. They create settlements, industrial and agricultural industries - consumers of electric energy. For power supply to consumers in the hydroelectric power station of the hydroelectric power station (as per p.v), in addition to hydraulic turbines with electric generators installed after the last pressure-generating rock formation, under such conditions, a hydraulic turbine and a kinematically connected electric generator are also installed on the well profile section. At the same time, the selected fractions of the hydraulic power of the flow by individual DS of the hydroelectric power station (their power) should be proportional to the desired capacities of the respective consumers.

d) The hydraulic machine may be a piston machine.

It was noted above that the depths of pressure tunnels of derivational hydroelectric power stations do not exceed 1700-2000 m, and for turbines that do not exceed the pressure created by them (17-20 MPa), hydraulic turbines have been developed (are available). For pressures exceeding pressures of 17–20 MPa, there are no hydropower turbines. There are piston pumps, such as mud pumps, which create pressures significantly exceeding 20 MPa. Therefore, their use (together with a spool device) is possible as a double-acting horizontal piston machine in which power is taken by a drive belt (RF patent No. 2018707 “Piston engine”, by application No. 4924684 of 04.04.1991, M.cl. F03C 1/00; F03B 15/00. Published on 08.30.1994). Use of an existing hydraulic piston pump manufactured by the domestic industry as an engine modified by a spool device in a hydroelectric power station, for example, a NTs-320 twin-piston pump with a discharge pressure of 40.0 MPa, or a SIN-31 -NN pump with a discharge pressure of 70.0 MPa, and which is used to fracture oil reservoirs (Ababakirov VF, VL Arkhangel'skii, Burimov JG et al Drilling equipment: The Directory: 2 ^x t.- M .: Nedra, 2000. - 91 Bytes. T.1), which does not require the creation of a high pressure turbine, they an interface to guide a generator under such pressures to form a hydraulic unit, reduces the time and cost of creating turbine for use in the inventive hydroelectric derivation downhole (due to obvious solutions graphical interpretation it is omitted).

d) From the side of the wellhead and through it additionally (or only in it), a downhole hydraulic unit can be installed connected to the lower part of the pipe string lowered into the well with an electric cable built into it; the casing of the turbine and the generator is made with the possibility of fixing and ensuring the perception of the reactive moment by the support element, which is, for example, a pipe string rigidly fixed at the wellhead and the turbine is a turbo-drill and the generator is an electric drill in the generator mode; the interval of the well in which the downhole hydraulic unit is installed is vertical; the lower and upper ends of the electric cable embedded in the drill string are connected respectively to an electric generator and an electric converter; at the same time, the vicinity of the location of geographically separated power consumers at the wellhead (outlet of the downhole hydraulic unit) and at the drain zone (outlet of the surface hydraulic unit) with their electric networks are power supply centers.

The solution according to item d) makes it possible to increase energy and economic efficiency due to the suitability of the hydraulic turbines used in it, the electric generator - a downhole hydraulic unit and the electric cable from the electric generator to the day surface for working in downhole conditions. Their adaptability is explained by the fact that the hydraulic turbine and the electric generator (made oil-filled) are drilling equipment, respectively, a turbodrill and an electric drill that can operate both as an electric motor and as an electric generator, the rotor and anchor of which are connected. An electric cable used in wells for electric drilling is used as an electric cable. The fitness of the hydraulic unit and the electric cable in the claimed DS HPS allows it to be operated in deep wells that have their own specifics: small bore diameters (172-490 mm) and large depths of up to 7000 m (it was noted above that the well-known hydraulic turbines of derivational hydropower plants are designed for realistically achievable depths up to 1700-2000 m); high hydrostatic pressures - up to 70.0 MPa; contaminated well water, which may also include abrasive inclusions; elevated temperatures in the well at significant depths. The suitability of the hydraulic unit and the electric cable for working in borehole conditions allows increasing the depth of their installation in the well and at the same costs, increasing the hydraulic power of the hydraulic turbine and the developed electric power of the electric generator connected to the hydraulic turbine. In this case, an increase in energy is achieved [see above - a decrease (improvement) in the specific indicator of water consumption for generated electricity] and the economic efficiency of the claimed hydroelectric power station. The economic efficiency of the claimed DS hydroelectric power station is connected with the fact that the installation and fixation of a downhole hydraulic unit in it allows this to be done without the construction of an underground building of a derivative hydroelectric power station for this (under necessary conditions) [the costs associated with the construction (in necessary conditions) of an underground hydroelectric building are reduced].

In addition, the effectiveness of the claimed DS hydroelectric power station is increased due to the compatibility of operations for launching, installing and fixing in the well with the technical means and technologies used during drilling (including the operations for launching and downhole hydropower equipment during its repair and maintenance). In particular, the downhole hydraulic unit is lowered into the well using a drawworks used when drilling with shells with removable core receivers (CCK winch) or on drill pipes, and an electric cable - using a logging winch. At the same time, the connection with the hydraulic unit and the disconnection from it, including in the well, are carried out using a special tip installed on the SSK winch. The casing of the borehole hydraulic unit is fixed in the borehole due to, for example, a mechanical lock, the principle of operation, which is the same as the principle of operation of other borehole devices of a similar purpose. It does not require the use of special borehole load-bearing electric channels for electrical communication of the generator with the day surface.

In the decision according to item d), the hydraulic unit can be installed either only in the well (as indicated above), or in the well, and on the surface in the water pipe after the directionally drilled well intersects the surface of the mountainous terrain. At the same time, the capacities taken by hydraulic units should be proportional to the desired capacities of the respective consumers, and in total they should not exceed the flow capacity in the water conduit.

f) In the conditions of a single mountain massif, several derivative borehole hydroelectric power plants can be created, in each of which several pairwise connected water intake and the drain of one river of directed wells can be drilled, so that they have no messages (due to the obviousness of the solution, a graphical interpretation is not given).

When implementing the decision according to item e), the pairwise water intake and drainage of each of the hydroelectric power stations are selected, based on ensuring the required power of the power plant and on the basis of economic considerations (based on the obviousness of the decision, the schedule is not given).

g) A reservoir may also be (or) an underground storage tank located in the upper part of the mountainous relief, connected to the earth's surface by drainage wells; for accumulation, underground or surface waters are used, including those generated during flood periods or during periods of melting mountain glaciers; and a water runoff zone is a natural body of water located at the bottom of a mountainous terrain, such as a river, or lake, or an underground aquifer.

A high mountain with a pond located in its upper part is an important sign necessary for the creation of a hydroelectric power station. In this case, widespread water bodies are surface - mountain rivers, lakes. Such conditions are not always available. The solution according to p. G) allows you to expand the range of reservoirs used in the hydroelectric power station HPP, in particular, to supplement it with natural underground waters (underground aquifers), as well as those generated during flood periods or during periods of melting of mountain glaciers with waters, for example, using the solution according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2341618 "Method of accumulation", application No. 2006137401 from 10.23.2006, M.cl. EB02 9/00, publ. December 20, 2008. In addition, in order to expand the range of methods for the formation of watercourses that do not contradict the requirements of the "Water Code of the Russian Federation", item g), it was proposed that a natural body of water, such as a river or lake, be located in the lower part of the mountain relief or underground aquifer.

The use of water accumulated in the underground interval as a reservoir at the top of the mountain in the claimed hydroelectric station as derivational is fair, based on the following considerations. Derivative hydroelectric power station (by concept) involves the creation of another parallel to the main water flow in the river - derivational with a slope different from the slope of the main river bed. In order to achieve a greater pressure of the derivational flow, it is advisable to divert water from the river in its upper reaches as high as possible. However, in mountainous conditions, the river source is shallow and the formation of derivational diversion from it is practically impossible. But, taking into account the nature of the formation of the source of the mountain river (powered by the melting of mountain snowfields and glaciers) and the underground accumulation zone according to item g), we can conclude about its (nature) unity. Based on this, I consider the decision under item g) in the claimed derivative borehole DS HPP as a river reservoir to be legitimate.

h) A hydrodynamic heat generator, for example, a disk-type vortex heat generator, the rotor of which is connected to a rotor of a hydraulic turbine installed in the discharge water duct, can be installed in the outlet water conduit, the output of the disk type vortex heat generator can be connected to the heating and hot water supply network with the possibility of switching its output to to a consumer of hot water or (and) to a thermal accumulator.

A type of hydrodynamic heat generators is known, passing through which the water flow is heated, and for this the water flow must have parameters (pressure and flow) not lower than regulated. These include vortex (static and dynamic - or disk) (Potapov Yu.S., Fominsky L.P., Potapov S.Yu. Rotational energy. Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Moldavian Center "Non-Sphere Technologies", Chisinau, 2001), inkjet, etc.

In the claimed operating HPP HPP, the pressure loss at the hydraulic unit (hydraulic turbine) or their sum at the hydraulic units included in one conduit may be less than the pressure of the water acting in the conduit (in a directionally drilled well). In this case, the flow of water in the outlet conduit moves with a certain flow rate under pressure (under pressure). And if the flow parameters in the outlet conduit are not lower than the hydrodynamic type heat generator to operate, then when it is installed in the outlet conduit at its outlet (heat generator), the temperature of the stream water will increase, up to the level required for heating and hot water supply. If the pressure in the outlet conduit is sufficient not only for the operation of the hydrodynamic heat generator, but also for pumping hot water through the heat supply system network, this allows hot water to be pumped through the system network to heat consumers or a heat accumulator (including underground) without any additional costs for this. energy.

It is known that in mountainous conditions 50% or more of the annual runoff is formed during the 3-4 summer months. It is this period that is advisable to use not only for energy production, but also for its accumulation. Hydroaccumulation widespread in hydropower by creating reservoirs in the mountains is often not acceptable due to the lack of suitable conditions; underground hydroaccumulation before conversion is limited; in our opinion, other types of accumulation, in particular, underground storage of thermal energy, are appropriate in such conditions. It has been shown (Kabus F. В artels Y. Underground accumulation of heat and cold. Magazine "Thermal Power Engineering", No. 6, 2004, pp. 70-76), which is the most efficient, less costly and technically easier to implement heat storage in hot water in underground aquifer. Moreover, the heat accumulated in the summer in this way may be sufficient for heating the heat consumer during the entire subsequent heating (winter) season, while the heat for heat supply is used only from the heat accumulator. Heat generation schemes for heat supply in mountain conditions, including underground heat accumulation, are described in more detail in RF patents for inventions: No. 2291255 “Heat supply well”, No. 232,435 “Well bore heat source”, No. 2371638 “Well bore heat supply system with underground heat storage”. The solution according to p.z) allows us to generate not only electric energy at the claimed DS of a hydroelectric power station, but also generate thermal energy and direct (pump) it through heat supply networks to heat consumers, as well as accumulate it in high-water periods for subsequent use for heat supply in heating, winter (shallow) periods. At the same time, boreholes can be used as conduits for the main and distribution networks of hot water supply, if necessary, specially constructed taking into account the specific conditions of their position: plugging of absorption zones; overlapping by the casing pipes of the intervals of unstable, destroyed by the action of hot water and swellable rocks, etc. In addition, the solution according to item 3) allows to increase the reliability of the proposed heat generation system and underground heat and water storage in comparison with traditional boiler and pipe heating networks. It is known (Prokhorov V.A., Ivanov V.N., Popova M.V. The problem of ensuring the security of the heat supply system of settlements of Yakutia. The journal "Labor safety in industry", No. 12, 2009), which is in the cold season ( December - March) the greatest number of accidents occurs (74%), mainly due to the boiler house and heating networks quitting (64%), and in the boiler house itself - the boiler and pumps (92%). According to decision pz), the boiler is excluded from operation at very low temperatures, it is absent in the claimed hydroelectric power station, and a hydrodynamic heat generator is functioning and hot water from the underground heat accumulator is also used. Heat networks are boreholes that always have a positive temperature. The pressure in the hot and cold water supply systems is created due to the pressure of the water (the height of the water flow) and does not depend on the technical condition of the pumps. These advantageous factors (decision in paragraph 3) of the claimed DS HPP) make it possible to increase the reliability of the claimed DS HPP due to the more reliable operation of its heat generation systems, underground thermal storage, and hot and cold water supply in winter.

i) Its discharge water conduit can be connected to the water supply network of domestic drinking or technical water supply or to the hydraulic drive of a consumer of water under pressure as an energy resource.

To implement this solution, the hydraulic power of the water flow (the pressure of the water falling on it) consumed by the hydraulic unit (kinematically connected to the electric generator) should be less than the hydraulic power of the stream at the installation site of the hydraulic unit formed by the pressure N _n and the water flow. That is, in the outlet conduit, the water flow must be under some pressure, which must be sufficient to ensure water supply or to ensure the operability of the hydraulic drive of the consumer of the water flow under pressure as an energy resource.

Such an event is energy- and resource-saving and, along with the generation of electricity at a hydroelectric power station, allows you to: organize household-drinking or technical water supply 1) without any energy costs; 2) without the costs associated with the search and equipment of a water source (traditionally or, as a rule, searches for water sources are carried out at the location of the consumer, which is not always economical). Taking into account the geological and geological conditions of the location of the water supply system (a specific consumer of water), its main water conduits can be made in the form of wells in which problematic intervals (absorbing, composed of unstable or swelling rocks in contact with water, etc.) can be plugged or blocked by pipes .

j) A compressor can be connected to the output of the electric converter, the receiver of which is connected to the compressed air accumulator as an energy source, and the underground water saturated zone is the compressed air accumulator.

The solution according to item k) will allow accumulating electric energy generated during high-water periods of the year by converting it using a compressor into compressed air as an energy resource pumped into an underground compressed air accumulator, and using it (for work) as an energy resource in low-water periods of time. It should be noted that the compressor drive can be hydraulic, which is connected directly to the pressure stream of water in the water conduit.

It is known that in mountainous conditions more than 50% of the annual runoff is formed during 3-4-year months. It is this period that is advisable to use not only for energy production, but also for its accumulation. Hydroaccumulation widespread in hydropower by creating reservoirs in the mountains is often not acceptable due to the lack of suitable conditions for this; underground hydroaccumulation before conversion is limited; in such conditions, in our opinion, other types of accumulation are advisable, in particular, underground accumulation of compressed air by compressing it in the underground water saturated interval. Underground storage of compressed natural gas is known in underground gas storages, which are underground, natural aquifers (Sidorenko MV Underground gas storage. M .: Nedra, 1965). To do this, gas is pumped by compressors into the underground water-saturated zone. When it is consumed, due to the pressure of its compression, when pumped into the underground storage, it is supplied to the gas transmission network. It is known that when gas moves from the underground storage to the gas transportation network, its pressure decreases, and the work generated during this (gas flow) can be converted into energy, for example, into electric energy (MV Lurie Energy-saving technology for operating underground gas storage facilities. Magazine “ Industrial Energy ”, No. 6, 2001, pp. 34-36). The proposed item k) the process of underground accumulation of compressed air is similar to the common and widely used in practice process of pumping natural gas into an underground gas storage, and the possibility of using compressed air energy to drive pneumatic machines is a well-known fact, including for generating electricity. Based on the aforesaid, we can talk about the feasibility, practical and economic significance of item k) of the claimed DS hydroelectric power station. You can call the technology under item k) in the inventive DS hydroelectric power station hydropneumatic accumulation. In high-water periods of the year, it allows you to accumulate excess electricity by compressing air and performing underground storage, and in dry periods to spend it to generate energy or to carry out work. Volumes of natural storages of compressed air can be significant and can accommodate hundreds of millions of m ^{3 of} air. In addition to natural, the use of artificial gas storage tanks is known. However, it was established that underground (natural) are less dangerous and many times more economical and more effective than ground. The specific cost of their construction is many times less, in addition, the underground accumulation of compressed air does not require additional areas of the enterprise.

k) In mountainous terrain, it may additionally include an engineering and communication well (s), directionally or obliquely drilled (drilled) from the electric converter to the consumer (s) of electricity located (s) on the surface of the rock formation in which the power necessary and control cables.

An engineering and communication well is used to install an electric cable in it to transmit electricity generated at the hydroelectric power station to its consumers located (remote) on the surface of a single mountain range. The advantages of laying such a line in comparison with the overhead power line are its greater reliability, secrecy and security. It is known that the largest number of technological violations by typical energy enterprises (Kutin N.G. Safety of energy facilities. Magazine "Energy Supervision and Energy Security". No. 4, 2009, pp. 8-14) in 2009 amounted to violations in the voltage networks less than 35 kV and distribution networks (67.8%, for comparison - at TPPs and hydroelectric power stations 9.7%). Moreover, in such networks, the largest share falls on the electrical equipment of overhead lines (51.6%) - these are poles, wires, insulators, etc. This is most typical of mountainous areas. The predominant negative factors affecting the air networks are natural - snowfalls, heavy rains, winds, which lead to falls of towers, breakdowns of overhead lines, and exit from the operational state of insulators. The impact of these natural factors on reducing the reliability of the networks in the claimed DS HPP is negligible.

In addition, the decision under item l), in comparison with the use of air lines at present, does not affect the change in the terrain.

Figure 1-6 as an example shows the operation scheme of the inventive DS HPP. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a DS hydroelectric station with a directionally drilled well; figure 2 - diagram of the hydroelectric power station with a multi-directional drilled well; figure 3 is a diagram of the hydroelectric power station with a directionally drilled well, a section of which is located on the day surface; figure 4 - diagram of the hydroelectric power station with a hydraulic unit installed in a directionally drilled well; figure 5 - diagram of the hydroelectric power station with a hydraulic unit installed in a directionally drilled well, and a hydraulic unit installed on the day surface; Fig.6 is a diagram of the hydroelectric power station with a reservoir in the form of an underground storage area.

Figure 1-6 introduced the following notation: 1 - mountain; 2 - a reservoir; 3 - inlet tunnel pressure head water conduit - directionally drilled borehole of the hydroelectric power station; (3-1) - the general supplying the tunnel pressure head water conduit - the first directionally drilled well of the multilateral trunk hydroelectric station of the hydroelectric power station in figure 2; (3-2) - the second directionally drilled well of the multi-sided DS HPP in figure 2; 4 - inlet tunnel pressure pipe - deviated well; 5 - discharge water conduit; (5-1) - the discharge water conduit of the first directionally drilled well of the multi-sided DS HPP in figure 2; (5-2) - the discharge water conduit of the second directionally drilled well of the multilateral trunk hydroelectric station of the hydroelectric power station in figure 2; 6 - hydraulic machine; (6-1) - a hydraulic machine in the first directionally drilled well of the multi-sided DS HPP in figure 2; (6-2) - a hydraulic machine in the second directionally drilled well of the multi-sided DS HPP in figure 2; 7 - electric generator; (7-1) -electric generator in the first directionally drilled well of the multi-sided DS HPP in figure 2; (7-2) - an electric generator in a second directionally drilled well of a multi-barrel DS hydroelectric station in figure 2; 8 - guide tube with holes in it; 9 - water in the pond; 10 - holes in the guide tube; 11 - valve seat in a directionally drilled well; 12 - valve; 13 - block; 14 - rope; 15 - mountainous terrain; 16 - decay; 17 - pipes on the surface; 18 - downhole hydraulic turbine; 19 - downhole electric generator; 20 - electric cable from a downhole electric generator; 21 - hydraulic unit lock in the well; 22 - pipe string with built-in electric cable; 23 - ledge in the well; 24 - wellhead ring - flow controller; 25 - electric converter; 26 - engineering and communication well; 27 - electric cables; 28 - a glacier on top of a mountain range; 29 - injection (catchment) wells; 30 - panel water reservoirs at drainage (injection) wells; 31 - input borehole hydraulic turbine; 32 - the output of the downhole hydraulic turbine; N _n - pressure on the hydraulic unit; N _d - dynamic level.

The device of the claimed DS HPP.

In the mountainous terrain at the top of the mountain 1 there is a reservoir 2, for example, a river in its upper reaches. The river flows down the slope of the mountain to its foot, and flowing down the opposite slopes of the mountain forms a bend. The difference in the altitude of the reservoir 2 and the river in its lower reaches (the place of the proposed installation of the hydroelectric power station hydroelectric power station) is the pressure of the water on the hydroelectric unit N _n . To create a pressure head conduit of the claimed DS of a hydroelectric power station from a reservoir 2, a directional well 3 has been drilled (Fig. 1; 3; 4; 5; 6), for these DS hydroelectric power stations, in which a downhole hydraulic unit is not installed, the pressure well can be drilled and directed 4. Desired the maximum power of the electricity consumer N ₁ is 130 kW. Based on the technical parameters of the hydroturbine and electric generator (including well ones, while an electric drill operating in the electric generator mode was adopted as an electric generator), a hydraulic turbine and an electric generator were selected, as well as well diameter d _borehole , its depth and trajectory. The diameter of the directional well is 240 mm, the pressure N _n is 500 m. To ensure the required hydraulic power equal to 137 kW, the water flow through the turbine at a pressure of P ₁ = 47 MPa should be Q ₁ = 0.045 m ³ / s. T12RT-9 turbodrill turbine is selected as a hydroturbine. In the schemes on the day surface (Fig. 1; 2; 3; 6) and in the well (Fig. 4; 5), it (turbine 6) is installed vertically. Its rotor is connected to the rotor generator using a sealing seal on the rotor shaft of a turbine turbine Electricity generated by the generator is converted by an electric converter (not shown in the graph) to the required level, regulated by regulatory and technical documentation, and sent to the electricity consumer. 5 water from the water conduit after the water turbine 6 is directed either directly to the river bed in its lower reaches, either the hydrodynamic and heat source in the heating system or teplogidroakkumulyator, either in water or water to the consumer under pressure as energy.

The hydraulic power of the water flow at the installation site of the hydraulic unit can be determined from the following expression:

where Q is the flow rate at the installation site of the hydraulic unit.

The generated electric power is slightly less than hydraulic and is determined based on its value, taking into account the efficiency of the turbine and the electric generator.

Water 9 from a reservoir 2 into a directionally drilled well 3 enters through openings 10 in the guide pipe 8. To block the channel in a directionally drilled well 3, it is intended to use the valve seat 11, which is installed in the well, and the valve 12, lowered if necessary (technical reasons: repair; reconstruction; routine maintenance, etc.; or organizational reasons, for example, when organizing the seasonal power supply - stopping the hydroelectric power station for off-season periods) on cable 14 through block 13.

In the case of a hydroelectric power station with a multi-directional well (Fig. 2), it is drilled so that, having a common initial wellbore from the wellhead, it is drilled from it directed to each of the consumers dispersed and located on the slopes of the rock formation at different heights and in respect of. It should be noted that the technique and technology of directional well drilling have been developed, widely and successfully used in drilling practice. Using it allows with great accuracy to withstand the trajectory of the well and the position of its intersection with the surface of the mountainous terrain. In Fig.2, electricity consumers are located at different heights, directional wells (3-1) and (3-2) are drilled to them, in which hydraulic units (6-1) - (7-1) and (6-2) - are installed (7-2) respectively. At the same time, the pressure acting on the hydraulic unit (6-1) - (7-1) N _n1 is 240 m, and the pressure on the hydraulic turbine (6-2) - (7-2) N _n2 is 490 m. through the turbines are respectively 0.045 m ³ / s and 0.022 m ³ / s.

In the conditions of a difficult mountainous terrain (Fig. 3), the hydroelectric power station contains a section 17 in which the imaginary well is made by pipes located on the day surface (it is located between two directionally drilled wells). Such a scheme and design allows to reduce the length of the horizontal interval of the well (although the pressure Н _Н2 acts the same), the construction of which is more costly. In addition, if there is an electricity consumer in the vicinity of such a site, it is possible and, in justified cases, to efficiently construct additional hydraulic unit (s) on it (not shown in Fig. 3). At the same time, the capacities of the indicated hydraulic unit and located below (6-7) should be selected based on the total pressure Н _Н2 and the pressure drop on the hydraulic turbines of the respective hydraulic units.

In the case of using a downhole hydraulic unit (figure 4). A directionally drilled well 3 has a step 23. A hydraulic unit is lowered into it (a well), consisting of a lower installed turbine 18 (a turbo-drill is used) and a downhole electric generator 19 (an electric drill is used in the electric generator mode), and they are aggregated by means of a common housing. The hydraulic unit is lowered into the well on a special pipe string 22 with an integrated electric cable (commercially available and used for electric drilling), for which the downhole electric generator 19 of the hydraulic unit is connected to the lower end of the pipe string 22. When the pipe string 22 is lowered with the hydraulic unit, the latter is installed on the ledge 23 in the well and when it is set (due to the weight of the hydraulic unit and the pipe string), the lock of the hydraulic unit 21 is activated against the wall of the well 3. Thus, the hydraulic unit is rigidly fixed to the wall of the well . After that, at the wellhead, a string of pipes 22 is rigidly fixed.

At the mouth of the directionally drilled well 3, a guide pipe with holes is installed (the pipe is in a pond). Outside of it and with the possibility of rotation, a wellhead ring-flow regulator 24 with holes is installed on it. When the wellhead ring 24 is rotated, the holes in it and the guide pipe can coincide at the same relative position, while ensuring the maximum flow rate of water from the reservoir into the well. For other angular positions of the wellhead ring-flow controller 24 the area of the holes in the guide tube and in the ring 24 (living section) do not fully or completely coincide. These provisions of the ring 24 correspond to either lower costs, or they are absent (water does not enter the well from the reservoir).

An electric converter 25 of the hydroelectric power station at the wellhead is connected to an electric cable built into the pipe string 22 with an electric cable 20 from the downhole electric generator. Electric transducer 25 generated electricity is brought to a standardized level (GOST 13109-97. Quality standards of electric energy in general power supply systems. M: Publishing house of standards. 1996). From the output of the electric converter 25, the electric power is sent to one electric consumer located directly at the wellhead, and through the electric cable 27 installed in a special engineering and communication well 26, to the second, remote electric consumer.

The discharge water conduit 5 can be connected either to a river channel in its lower reaches, or to a hydrodynamic heat generator and a heat supply system or to a heat accumulator, or to a water supply system, or to a hydraulic actuator of a consumer of a water stream under pressure as an energy resource.

In the inventive DS hydroelectric power station with a downhole hydraulic unit in Fig. 5, in comparison with that depicted in Fig. 4, a surface hydraulic unit including a hydraulic machine (hydraulic turbine) 6, kinematically connected to the electric generator 7, is installed on the day surface of the discharge pressure line (after the downstream hydraulic unit) 6. 5, it is expedient in cases when there are consumers of electric energy in areas both at the wellhead (consumer 1) and located below the wellhead (User 2). With this scheme, the power of the borehole hydraulic unit (18-19) and surface (6-7) is chosen so that the drop in the total pressure Н _Н2 (which determines the hydraulic power of the flow in the well) is divided proportionally to the desired (pressure drops on the corresponding hydraulic turbines) capacities of the first and second consumers of electrical energy.

In the case of a hydroelectric power station with underground hydraulic storage (Fig.6), a directionally drilled well 3 was drilled by a reservoir 2, which in this case is an underground aquifer (hereinafter referred to as PDI). It can be natural or artificial. In natural ones, the feeding waters move downward along natural cracks and pores in the rocks and, in the presence of water-resistant rocks in the form of a boiler (tank), fill it with the presence of water-resistant rocks. Artificial PDI in the mountains with the alleged use of glacier melt water on the tops of the mountains (Fig. 6) is formed using injection (catchment) wells 29, which are drilled to the water-resistant (underlying) bed of rocks in the form of a boiler, above which a reservoir of permeable porous rocks is located . In the interval of the reservoir, drainage wells 29 are lined with pipes that are perforated. The mouths of the watersheds 29 are equipped with casing guides, which are also perforated above the earth's surface. In addition, to collect water at the mouth of each well, shield water reservoirs 30 are installed in the form of corner shields (wings), in the corners of which there is a perforated well casing. Moreover, the position of the wings is such that for the flowing down stream of water, they overlap. This allows you to collect from the water reservoir 30 all melt water. To reduce melting water losses, the surface of the slope below the edge of the glacier can be covered with an impermeable film. In mountainous conditions with eternal glaciers 28 at the peaks, glaciers melt in summer, and the water that forms in this case flows down the slopes and accumulates at water reservoirs 30, of which it enters holes 29 through holes in a siege guide tube, from which it passes through perforations - into the underground collector PDI (reservoir 2).

PDI was drilled directionally by a drilled well 3, which was cased from its mouth by a pipe 8 perforated by holes 10 in the interval of intersection with PDI. That is, through them, water from the PDI can enter the directionally drilled well 3 (with the valve 11-12 open), forming a hydropower flow in the well. In the inventive DS GESA, water in the summertime can be accumulated in the PDI and subsequently used to generate electricity in dry and anhydrous periods of the year, including cold, as the water accumulated in the PDI and in the water conduit (directionally drilled well) has a positive temperature. The advantage of such a hydroelectric power station with a high-altitude body of water is that it achieves a high energy efficiency indicator for its operation, such as the specific water consumption for generating a unit of electricity, due to the large water pressure acting in it. Moreover, in the claimed DS HPP, providing for the use of a directionally drilled well as a water conduit, this is currently achieved technically not difficult and economically low cost.

The work of the claimed DS HPP.

The work is given below taking into account the sequence of additional claims.

In the work of the hydroelectric power station, 3 technologically significant procedures can be distinguished: the transfer of water from a reservoir to a directionally drilled well (hereinafter NPS); the creation of a hydrodynamic flow and the generation of electricity (hereinafter, the creation of hydraulic fracturing; the diversion of a borehole stream).

To reduce the scope of the description, the given examples of the implementation of the claimed DS HPP, taking into account the technologically significant procedures for its operation, can be divided into two characteristic groups I and II: I - diagrams of the DS HPP shown in figure 1; 2; 3; 6 (have identical decisions - on the implementation of the communication of the reservoir with the NPS and on surface hydraulic units); II - diagrams of the hydroelectric power station shown in Figs. 4 and 5 (have identical solutions - to implement the communication of the reservoir with the pump station and downhole hydraulic units).

The flow of water from a reservoir into a directionally drilled well (PS).

For group I-scheme DS HPP are shown in figure 1; 2; 3; 6. The valve 12 through the rope 14 is separated from the seat 11, installed in a directionally drilled well 3, and is removed from the well. In this case, water from the reservoir 2 through the holes 10 in the guide pipe 8 enters the directionally drilled well 3, filling it and forming a hydropower flow in it, characterized by a dynamic water level in the well with a pressure of N _n .

For group II - schemes of hydroelectric power station are shown in figure 4; 5. The perforated wellhead ring 24 is set to the “open” position. At the same time, water from the reservoir 2 enters the pump station 3, along the well to and below the hydraulic unit, it moves along the outlet conduit 5 to the runoff zone along the directionally drilled well (the well can be bent at a section of the well below the installation site of the hydropower unit). Due to the fact that the hydraulic unit creates a certain hydraulic resistance, the water level in the well rises slightly and when the flow of water entering the well Q ₁ after a transition period is set to a certain value equal to N _d . In the interval from N _d to the drain zone, a flow with a flow rate of Q _{1 is established} , in which its continuity is observed in any section, N _n (in Fig. 4) forms the water pressure in the well, acting on the hydraulic unit 18 of the hydraulic unit.

Creating a hydrodynamic flow and generating electricity.

For group I - schemes of hydroelectric power stations are shown in figure 1; 2; 3; 6. In the directionally drilled well 3, after the end of the transient processes, the operation of the hydraulic unit is stabilized and a dynamic level is established (in this example, it coincides with the water level in the reservoir). At the interval of the well below the dynamic level, a continuous flow is established, which forms the head of the water column in the well N _n . This pressure acts on the hydraulic turbine 6 (hydraulic unit 6-7) and participates in the creation (together with the flow rate of water through the hydraulic turbine) of the hydraulic power of the stream, which is converted, taking into account the efficiency of the hydraulic turbine and electric generator into the electric power of the hydraulic unit.

It is known that the hydraulic power developed by a hydroturbine is determined from the following expression (NK Malinin. Theoretical fundamentals of hydropower. M: Energoatomizdat, 1985):

where N _g - hydraulic power developed by a hydraulic turbine, kW;

P _n - water pressure perceived by the turbine, Pa;

Q is the flow rate of water through a hydraulic turbine, m ³ / s.

The following is a simplified calculation of the flow power in the HPP HP for the parameters given in the "Design of the claimed DS HPP" section for the circuits shown in Fig. 1; 3; four; 6: 1) installation depth of a hydraulic turbine h = 500 m; Q = 0.045 m ³ / s. In the above formula (2), P _n can be determined from the following expression:

ρ is the density of water, kg / m ³ (p = 10 ³ kg / m ³ );

q is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² (q = 9.8 m / s ² );

h is the height of the water column (vertical) above the turbine, m (h = 500 m). Based on specific parameters:

P _n = 10 ³ kg / m ³ · 10 m / s ² · 5 · 10 ² m = 5 · 10 ⁶ Pa = 5.0 MPa.

The hydraulic power from the expression (2) is:

N _g = P _n · Q = 5 · 10 ⁶ Pa · 4,5 · 10 ^-2 m ³ / s = 225 · 10 ³ W = 225 kW.

The calculated hydraulic power of the hydraulic unit of the hydroelectric power station exceeds the desired one, exceeds the pressure acting on the hydraulic unit, and the pressure drop on the turbine by an amount sufficient to ensure that the flow in the outlet conduit can be used for cold water supply or for generating thermal energy.

A simplified calculation for the circuits in figure 2 and 5. For the initial parameters for figure 2 from the section "Device of the inventive DS HPP", the pressure acting on the turbine (6-1) has a value of P _n1 = 10 ³ kg / m ³ · 10 m / s ² · 2.4 · 10 ² m = 2.4 · 10 ⁶ Pa = 2.4 MPa, and the hydraulic power acting on the hydraulic unit N _g1 = P _n1 · Q ₁ = 2.4 · 10 ⁶ Pa · 4.5 · 10 ^-2 m ³ / s = 108 · 10 ³ W = 108 kW. The pressure acting on the turbine (6 - 2) has a value of P _n2 = 10 ³ kg / m ³ · 10 m / s ² · 4.9 · 10 ² m = 4.9 · 10 ⁶ Pa = 4.9 MPa, a hydraulic power acting in the hydraulic unit _r2 = N P _H2 · Q ₂ = 4.9 · 10 ⁶ Pa · 2,2 · 10 ^-2 m ³ / c = 9,8 · 10 ⁴ W = 98 kW.

For the initial parameters for figure 5 from the section "The device of the inventive DS HPP" the pressure acting on the turbine 18, as well as the calculated hydraulic power (by analogy with the above calculation sequence) have the following values: P _n1 = 10 ³ kg / m ³ · 10 m / s ² · 2.4 · 10 ² m = 2.4 · 10 ⁶ Pa = 2.4 MPa, and the hydraulic power acting on the hydraulic unit N _g1 = P _n1 · Q ₁ = 2.4 · 10 ⁶ Pa · 4.5 · 10 ^-2 m ³ / s = 108 · 10 ³ W = 108 kW. The pressure acting on the turbine 6 has a value of P _n2 = 10 ³ kg / m ³ · 10 m / s ² · 4.9 · 10 ² m = 4.9 · 10 ⁶ Pa = 4.9 MPa, and the hydraulic power N acting on the hydraulic unit _{H2 r2} = P · Q ₂ = 4.9 · 10 ⁶ Pa · 4,5 · 10 ^-2 m ³ / c = 22,05 · 10 ⁴ W = 220,5 kW.

The rotation from the rotor of the hydraulic turbine 6 is transmitted to the armature of the electric generator 7 connected to it. The electric generator 7 generates an electric current voltage, which is supplied through an electric cable to the electric converter, and from it to the electricity consumer. At the same time, a certain pressure ΔН _pg falls on the turbine 6 (surface hydraulic unit), determined from its technical characteristics, based on the flow rate of water through the turbine, and N _n must be no less than ΔН _pg .

In the case of a DS HPP with a multilateral well (Fig. 2), the pressure Н _н1 participates in the creation of hydraulic power in the LPS _3-1 , and when a water stream passes through the hydraulic turbine (6-1) of the hydraulic unit [(6-1) - (7-1 )] - in the generation of electrical energy. In this case, the water consumption in the NPS _3-1 is involved and the efficiency of the hydraulic turbine (6-1) and the electric generator (7-1) are taken into account. Electric energy from the generator is supplied to the electric generator, and from the last (of the required quality) to the consumer of electric energy. In this HPP hydroelectric power station, the pressure Н _Н2 participates in the creation of hydraulic power in the NPS _3-2 , and when the water flow passes through the hydraulic turbine (6-2) of the hydraulic unit [(6-2) - (7-2)] - in the generation of electric energy. In this case, the water flow rate in the NPS _3-2 is involved and the efficiency of the hydraulic turbine (6-2) and the electric generator (7-2) are taken into account. Electric energy from the generator is supplied to the electric generator, and from the last (of the required quality) to the consumer of electric energy. At the same time: on the turbine 6-1 (surface hydraulic unit) a certain pressure ΔН _pg1 drops, determined from its technical characteristics, based on the flow rate of water through the turbine, and N _n1 should be no less than ΔН _pg1 ; on a turbine 6-2 (surface hydraulic unit) a certain pressure ΔН _{pg2 drops} , determined from its technical characteristics, based on the flow rate of water through the turbine, and Н _Н2 should be no less than ΔН _pg2 .

For group II - schemes of hydroelectric power station are shown in figure 4; 5. In the directionally drilled well 3, after the end of the transient processes, the operation of the hydraulic unit is stabilized and a dynamic level of N _{d is established} . At the interval of the well below the dynamic level, a continuous flow is established, which forms the head of the water column in the well N _n . The rotation from the rotor of the turbine is transmitted to the armature of the generator connected to it. The levers of the latch 21 prevent the connected hydraulic turbine-generator (hydraulic unit) from moving downward under the influence of its weight and water flow (due to the friction forces on the well walls that arise when the hydraulic unit is placed on a ledge in the well 23). The latch 23 receives the reactive torque that occurs when the rotor of the hydraulic turbine 18 and the armature of the electric generator 19 rotate under the influence of a water stream. The generator is oil-filled and sealed. The water flow rotates the rotor of the hydraulic turbine 18. The rotation from the rotor of the hydraulic turbine is transmitted to the armature of the electric generator 19 connected to it. The electric generator generates an electric current voltage, which is transmitted from the well to the day surface via an electric cable built into a special pipe string, and then through an electric cable 20 to the electric converter 25 The electric transformer DS GES 25 is equipped with a frequency and amplitude regulator of the generated voltage - a voltage shaper of the required quality . From it, voltage of normalized quality is supplied for vacation to consumers of electric energy.

The pressure N _n acts on the hydraulic turbine 18 (hydraulic unit 18-19) and participates in the creation (together with the flow rate of water through the hydraulic turbine) of the hydraulic power of the stream, which is converted, taking into account the efficiency of the hydraulic turbine and electric generator, into the electric power of the hydraulic unit. At the same time, a certain pressure ΔН _cg falls on the turbine 18 (downhole hydraulic unit), determined from its technical characteristics, based on the flow rate of water through the turbine, and H _n must be no less than ΔN _cg .

In the case of installing both a borehole hydraulic unit (18-19) and a surface (6-7) (Fig. 5) after the borehole hydraulic unit, the water flow moves in the outlet pipe after it under pressure, and the pressure of the water column (pressure) drops on each of the hydraulic units - ΔH _cg and ΔH _pg . The essence of electricity generation by hydraulic units is similar to the above, and the pressure Н _Н2 operating in the hydroelectric power station of the hydroelectric power station should not be less than the sum of the pressure drops at the hydraulic units (ΔН _sg + ΔН _pg ).

Abstraction of a borehole stream.

For group I - schemes of hydroelectric power stations are shown in figure 1; 2: 3; 6. The discharge water conduit of the hydroelectric power station can be connected either to the river channel in its lower reaches, or to a hydrodynamic heat generator operating on a heat supply system or on a heat-accumulator, or to a network of a drinking water or technical water supply system, or to a consumer’s hydraulic drive for pressurized water flow as an energy resource. For the case of water discharge into the riverbed in its lower course by gravity, the condition Н _н = ΔН _пг must be fulfilled. For cases when, by connecting the outlet conduit to a hydrodynamic heat generator operating on a heat supply system or on a heat accumulator, or (and) with a drinking water supply network of a drinking or technical water supply, or with a consumer's hydraulic drive, a stream of pressurized water as an energy resource, the corresponding heat generation processes, hot and cold water supply and hydraulic drive must meet the condition N _n > ΔN _PG . Moreover, the excess pressure should be sufficient for the implementation of the relevant processes of heat generation, hot and cold water supply and hydraulic drive.

For group II - schemes of hydroelectric power station are shown in figure 4; 5. During the operation of the hydroelectric power station HP on the turbine 18 (downhole hydraulic unit), a certain pressure ΔН _sg drops, determined from its technical characteristics, based on the flow rate of water through the turbine, and N _d must be no less than ΔН _sg . In the case of installation in the pumping station and the downhole hydraulic unit (18-19), and below the surface (6-7) (Fig. 5) and taking into account the pressure loss at the last ΔН _пг Н _н2 should not be less than the sum of the pressure drops (ΔН _cg + ΔH _cg ), i.e., H _n2 > (ΔH _cg + ΔH _cg ). Under the condition Н _Н2 = (ΔН _cr + ΔН _пг ) the pressure in the outlet conduit is zero and the water is gravity dumped into the river in its lower stream. Under the condition Н _Н2 > (ΔН _cr + ΔН _пг ), the excess of pressure should be sufficient to effect by connecting its outlet conduit to a hydrodynamic heat generator operating on a heat supply system or a heat accumulator, or to a drinking water supply network of a drinking or technical water supply or with a consumer hydraulic drive the flow of water under pressure as an energy source of the corresponding processes of heat generation, heat supply and heat accumulation or water supply and hydraulic drive.

Known common renewable energy sources (hereinafter RES) - solar, wind, mini-hydro, biogas, heat pump, etc. - are not universal in terms of their application. The use of the claimed DS HPS allows you to expand the range of known renewable energy sources and expand the conditions for their use, as well as to obtain the benefits characteristic of renewable energy sources, in particular the following:

- economic, associated with the use of faster and more economical technologies for the construction of a diversion water conduit (or water conduits for multilateral drilling of directional wells) by directional drilling of a pressure well; with the generation of, in addition to electrical energy and underground storage of thermal energy and compressed air (as energy); with the possibility of implementing systems of cold water supply, heating and hot water supply; with the laying of main and distribution networks and water conduits of hot and cold water supply systems in special communication wells. Thus, the construction of a pressurized water conduit in the inventive DS hydroelectric station in the form of a directionally drilled well or a multilateral well (and not in the form of a large cross-section mine), based on technical and economic considerations, makes it feasible;

- environmental, not requiring fuel combustion for their work and not polluting the environment - atmosphere, water bodies, territory. The well-known “Russian program for the development of renewable energy sources” (Russian program for the development of renewable energy sources. Project concept. M., 2005. // www.energoinform.org.), According to which the creation of renewable energy sources for specially protected natural areas, including for Baikal natural territory, the main pollutant of which is named 250 heat sources located around Lake Baikal, providing for the burning of fossil fuels (a copy from the Internet resources is attached Appendix 1). The use of the claimed DS hydroelectric power station will replace most of the currently operating environmentally unsafe heat sources in the vicinity of Lake Baikal.

Its use allows to increase its secrecy and security, since its most important components, in particular pressure head water conduits, hydraulic units (in borehole DS hydroelectric power stations) are located in underground water conduits. The underground location of the station’s main facilities, electrical and thermal networks excludes the introduction of industrial changes in natural landscape formations typical of traditional mountain hydroelectric power stations. This is important (makes it more attractive) in places of landscape, ecological tourism, in recreational regions.

Claims (12)

1. Derivative downhole hydroelectric power station, including a reservoir, for example a river, water intake, through which it is connected in its upper stream with the upper end of the inlet tunnel pressure pipe, the lower part of which is connected to the hydraulic unit, the outlet of which is connected to the outlet pipe, or to the outlet tunnel pipe, the lower end of which is with a flow zone, for example, with a river in its lower stream, and the hydraulic unit contains a hydraulic machine installed in the water pipe, for example, a turbine, kinematically connected nnuyu with an electric generator, whose output is connected to the electrical power drive connected to the electrical loads, characterized in that therein a supply tunnel penstock is directionally drilled borehole, a tailrace - or directionally drilled well, or channel. 2. Derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the directionally drilled well is multilateral. 3. The derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes are individual intervals of the laid out profile of the well, imaginaryly located on the surface. 4. Derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the turbine and a kinematically connected electric generator are installed and / or in the area of the well profile. 5. Derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the hydraulic machine is a piston machine. 6. Derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that in it from the side of the wellhead and through it, or only in it, an additional downhole hydraulic unit is installed, including a downhole hydraulic turbine, and a downhole electric generator connected to the lower end of the pipe string lowered into the well with an electric cable built into it; the casing of the downhole hydraulic turbine and the generator is made with the possibility of fixing and providing perception of the reactive moment by the supporting element, which is, for example, a pipe string rigidly fixed at the wellhead, the downhole hydraulic turbine being a turbodrill and the downhole electric generator - an electric drill in the mode of an electrical generator; the interval of the well in which the downhole hydraulic unit is installed is vertical; the lower and upper ends of the electric cable embedded in the drill string are connected respectively to an electric generator and an electric converter; at the same time, the neighborhoods of the location of geographically separated power consumers with their electric networks are power centers. 7. Derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that it drilled several pairwise connecting the water intake and the drain of one river of directed wells so that they have no messages. 8. The derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the reservoir is and / or the reservoir capacity located in the upper part of the mountainous relief, connected with the earth's surface by drainage wells; for accumulation, underground or surface waters are used, including those generated during flood periods or during periods of melting mountain glaciers; and the water drainage zone is a natural body of water located at the bottom of the mountainous terrain, such as a river, or lake, or an underground aquifer. 9. The derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that a hydrodynamic heat generator is installed in the outlet conduit, for example, a disk type vortex heat generator, the rotor of which is connected to a turbine rotor installed in the discharge conduit, the disk type vortex heat generator output is connected to the heating system network hot water supply with the ability to switch its output to the consumer of hot water and / or to the thermal accumulator. 10. The derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that its outlet conduit is connected to a domestic or drinking water supply network or to a consumer’s hydraulic drive of a pressurized water stream as an energy source. 11. The downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that a compressor is connected to the output of the electric converter, the receiver of which is connected to a compressed air accumulator as an energy source, and the compressed air accumulator is an underground water-saturated zone. 12. Derivative downhole hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that in conditions of mountainous terrain, it further includes an engineering and communication well (s) directed or obliquely drilled (drilled) from the electric converter to the power center (s) located (s), for example , near the power consumer in which the power and, if necessary, control cables are installed.

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