RU2341618C2 - Method of pumped storage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction; power industry.

SUBSTANCE: method of pumped storage includes localisation of underground pumped storage, for example identification of depth and volume of water formations or natural or commercial underground pressure-tight vessels, underground vessel pumping with water by pressure well due to either pressure created while free-flow water running in well, or when water is pumped. The hydraulic power well, which is also a water conduit, is drilled to water drain for example to culvert or water removal or absorption area. Hydraulic power well is selected so that it could cross or link with underground hydraulic storage vessel above water drain. Water level in hydraulic power well is to be above water drain, for example culvert roof or water removal or absorption area. Hydraulic power well is drilled so that it could accommodate hydraulic power set below water level or provide for hydraulic power set installing in culvert with connection to well outlet. Electrical cable or pipeline for selected energy resource transporting is installed in hydraulic power well from hydraulic power set to energy consumer. Surface water may be used for storage. Surface water is occurred during freshet periods due to, for example pressure well connection with surface ponds. This connection of hydraulic storage vessel with water drain area may be terminated in the required periods using, for example extractable packer, installed in hydraulic power well below the point of underground hydraulic storage connection.

EFFECT: potential of using water from underground hydraulic storage to generate energy resources, thermal or electrical energy.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The method of hydroaccumulation relates to energy and can be used to make it possible to use the potential of water accumulated in the underground hydroaccumulation tank for the subsequent generation of energy resources (thermal or electric energy) under conditions in which surface hydroaccumulation is technically difficult to realize, economically or environmentally unreasonable or unacceptable.

There is a method of surface water storage by creating dam reservoirs on the rivers (NK Malinin. Theoretical foundations of hydraulic engineering. M., Energoatomizdat, 1985, [1]). The water level in the reservoir (in the upper pool of the dam) is higher than the level from the side of the lower pool, and the difference in these levels, which constitutes the hydropower head, is the energy-inducing base of a hydropower structure, for example, a hydroelectric power station. But such a method of surface accumulation has disadvantages.

A disadvantage of the known method of hydraulic accumulation is that to ensure the hydraulic and electrical power of the hydroelectric station by increasing the pressure of a natural water source, usually a river, a dam is required to form a reservoir. Dam construction of a hydroelectric station is a costly undertaking. In addition, the following negative consequences are associated with the construction of the dam and the subsequent increase in the water level from its pressure side: flooding of territories along the banks of the river, often representing fertile agricultural lands; deforestation and removal of hunting grounds from economic activity; environmental changes associated with the formation of large bodies of water; significant costs associated with the transfer of settlements, engineering structures from the flood zone, as well as the preparation of the site of the future reservoir. The negative consequences are also associated with the diversion of funds to the construction of the dam and the creation of a reservoir. To a greater extent, the negative consequences of the construction of dams with the aim of the formation of reservoirs are observed in flat areas. During the construction of dams on small rivers, the complexity of their operation in a sharply continental climate is associated with seasonal changes - freezing of rivers, their spill during floods. In addition, the known method of hydroaccumulation is carried out when using surface water, usually rivers, as a source of water, which significantly limits the conditions for its use.

A known method of artificially regulating groundwater reserves by replenishing their reserves (Gordeev P.V., Shemelkina V.A., Shulyakova OK. Hydrogeology. M., "Higher School", 1990, pp. 321-325, [1]) . The method includes the work of artificially replenishing groundwater reserves and is intended to increase operational reserves for various types of water consumption, to compensate for increased local groundwater withdrawal in certain periods due to underground reservoir waters playing the role of regulating reservoirs, as well as for mutual regulation of underground and surface drains and others. The method is closest to the proposed and adopted as a prototype. It includes determining the location of the underground storage tank, for example, the depth and volume of water-bearing rocks or underground, sealed natural or industrial reservoirs, drilling an injection well or wells before it and communicating with a water source, filling the underground storage tank with water or pressure using a injection well, arising during the free (pressureless) movement of water in the well, or when it is pumped.

The known method of accumulation, adopted as a prototype, has a drawback. It does not allow to use the potential of the water accumulated in the underground reservoir for the generation of energy resources - electric or thermal energy.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to eliminate the disadvantage characteristic of the known method of accumulation - to provide the possibility of using the potential of the water accumulated in the underground storage tank to generate thermal or electric energy.

This is achieved by the fact that in the known method of hydraulic accumulation, including determining the location of the underground reservoir, for example, the depth and volume of water-bearing rocks or underground, sealed natural or industrial reservoirs, drilling an injection well or wells thereto and connected to a water source, filling by means of an injection well capacity of underground water storage either due to pressure arising from the free (non-pressure) movement of water in the well, or When it is pumped, a hydropower well being a water conduit is drilled (or envisaged to be drilled) before water drainage, for example, to an adit or its exit zone (including absorption), and the hydropower well path is chosen so that the underground accumulation or connected with it, and while the water level in the hydropower well provide above the water flow, for example the roof of the adit or the zone of its departure (absorption), and the hydropower well itself is performed with the possibility Settings therein below the water level gidroenergoagregata or its installation, for example in a tunnel connecting it to the exit well and a well hydro or tunnel establish electrical cable or conduit for conveying mined from the energy source to the energy consumers gidroenergoagregata.

For accumulation can be used surface water generated during flood periods, for example, by communicating the capacity of the underground reservoir accumulation by injection wells with surface reservoirs during these periods.

During the necessary periods, the message of the underground storage tank with the water drainage zone can be interrupted, for example, using an extractable packer installed in a hydropower well below the point of communication with the underground storage tank.

Drilling an additional hydropower well, which in its upper part is connected with the underground storage tank, and in the lower part with the water drainage zone, allows the formation of a water flow along the channel of the well from top to bottom. At the same time, depending on the design dimensions of the well, the parameters characterizing the communication of the underground storage tank capacity with the well, as well as the parameters of the runoff zone, a water flow with a certain flow rate Q and a dynamic level of Nd is established in the well. Below Nd, the flow of water is continuous. The pressure of the “column” of the Nn water flow is characterized by the distance from the dynamic level to the place (zone) of the water flow (or the place of the possible installation of a downhole hydropower unit). The hydraulic power of the water flow at the installation site of the hydropower unit in the well N _g (W) can be determined on the basis of the following expression (Karelin V.Ya. et al. Hydroelectric stations. / Ed. By Prof. Karelin V.Ya. and Krivchenko G.N. . M., Energoatomizdat, 1987, [3]):

where P is the pressure of the water stream at the installation site of the hydropower unit, Pa;

ρ is the density of the water flow, kg / m ³ ;

q is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² ;

Q - water flow, m ³ / s.

The hydraulic power of the flow at the installation site of the hydropower unit can be converted using a downhole hydroelectric station, for example, according to the US patent (Generation of electricity during the injection of a denste fluid into a subterranean formation. Patent US 4132269 A, CL E 21 B 43/20, F 03 G 7/04, published 02.01.1979, [4]) into electrical energy or using a downhole hydrothermal unit, for example, by analogy with a heat supply well (application for the invention of the Russian Federation “Heat supply well” 2005100306/03 (000326) , IPC E 03 B 3/00, F 24 H 4/02, author Eliseev A.D. Decision to grant a patent from 05/23/2006, [5]) to thermal energy.

In cases where the drainage area of the downstream adit is the drilled zone, the technical implementation of the process of generating energy resources can be simplified. For this, general industrial hydropower equipment can be used, not limited by the size of the well (in comparison with installing it in the well). In addition, at the same time, the "spent" water in the hydroelectric power unit is then sent for water consumption through the pipeline laid in the adit and is not withdrawn from circulation, as is often the case with its downhole installation.

The use of surface water for hydroaccumulation during flood periods, for example, by communicating the underground reservoir capacity of injection wells with surface reservoirs during these periods, allows to reduce the volume of flood water and the associated negative consequences from their impact.

The possibility of interrupting the message of the underground storage tank with the water drainage zone during the required periods, for example, during shutdowns of the downhole hydroelectric power unit, allows to reduce irrational water consumption.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method of accumulation; figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a variant of the regulatory device in the injection well; figure 3 - installation diagram of the recoverable packer in the hydropower well; figure 4 - installation diagram of a downhole hydroelectric unit in a hydropower well; figure 5 - installation diagram of the vortex heat generator in the adit; Fig.6 is a diagram of the installation of a hydroelectric unit in the adit.

Figure 1-6 introduced the following notation: 1 - the capacity of the underground pumped storage; 2 - earth; 3 - surface water source; 4 - injection well, “cased” with a pipe perforated in the upper and lower parts; 4.1 - a perforated ring installed in the upper part of the casing of the injection well; 4.2 - perforations in the casing and the ring; 5 - rotary perforated cylinder; 5.1 - perforation holes in the rotary cylinder; 6 - hydropower well; 7 - perforations in the lower part of the injection wells; 8 - perforations in the lower part of the hydropower well; 9 - downhole electric generator, the anchor of which is connected to the rotor of the turbine 10; 9.1 - electric cable, through which the downhole electric generator 9 is connected to the formation-distribution device 9.3; 9.2 - stops centralizer downhole generator; 10 - downhole hydraulic turbine; 10.1 - bearings; 10.2 - downhole hydropower flow after a downhole hydraulic unit; 11 - stepwise expanded section of a hydropower well at the installation site of a borehole hydraulic unit; 12 - gripping device (tip) for the launching of the downhole hydraulic unit; 13 - zone of water flow (absorption zone); 14 - adit walls; 15 - vortex heat generator; 15.1 and 15.2 - locking and regulating bodies "before" and "after" the vortex heat generator, respectively; 15.3 - hot water pipeline from the vortex heat generator along the adit to the heat consumer; 15.4, 15.5 and 15.6 - flow meter, pressure gauge, thermometer in the pipeline at the outlet after the vortex heat generator; 16 - hydroturbine; 16.1 and 16.2 - valves "before" and "after" the turbine, respectively; 16.3 - pipeline of "spent" water discharged through an adit to the surface or water consumer; 17 - an electric generator, the anchor of which is connected to the rotor of a turbine; 17.1 - electric cable for transmitting electricity generated by the electric generator 17 through an adit to a forming and distributing device; 18 - retrieved from the well packer adapter; 18.1 - cylinder; 18.2 - the piston; 18.3 - emphasis; 18.4 - hole; 18.5 - nut; 18.6 - core; 18.7 - collet retainer; 18.8 and 18.10 - pressure and persistent flanges; 18.9 - rubber seal.

In the practical implementation of the proposed method of hydroaccumulation choose the appropriate geological environment in the bowels of the earth. Sandstones are most acceptable for this, the sole of which is represented by waterproof rocks, for example clays. In this example, the capacity of the underground reservoir (hereinafter referred to as EPG) - figure 1 - is represented by sandstones, below which is clay. Before the EPG injection wells were drilled 4. The bottom of the casing of the injection well 4 is perforated with holes 7. The upper part of the casing of the injection well is also perforated with holes. A perforated ring 4.1 is installed and welded at the upper end of the casing of the injection well 4, the holes of which 4.2 coincide with the holes in the casing of the injection well 4. A rotary perforated cylinder 5 is connected to the perforated ring 4.2 with the perforated holes 5.1 in Fig. 2 - (unit I , Fig. 1). Moreover, in one position of the rotary perforated cylinder 5, the holes 5.1 therein and the holes in the casing of the injection well 4 coincide — the position is “open”, and in the other position they do not match — the position is “closed”. The position of the rotary cylinder 5 achieves regulation, incl. the implementation of the water supply, or its cessation from the water source 3 into the injection well 4 and then to the EPG. Water in the well moves from the water source downward and through the perforations in the lower part of the pipe enters the permeable interval of the EPG. The driving force for the movement of water and filling the permeable interval of the EPG is either the pressure of the water flow generated during the free movement of water in it (from the water source, down to the EPG), or, if conditions require, a pumping unit (not conditionally presented). Similar designs and other injection wells 4. These wells are the channels of water from source 3 to the EPG. EPG through injection wells is filled with water.

For the production of energy resources - electricity or thermal energy - using the proposed method of hydroaccumulation, he provides for the drilling (or designing of drilling) of a hydropower well 6. The trajectory of its route is such that it drilled the EPG and then it is drilled to the runoff zone. The drainage zone is either an absorption zone 13 or an adit (node III in FIG. 1, item 14 in FIGS. 5 and 6). In the power range of the EPG, the hydropower well 6 is cased with a pipe, which is perforated in this interval.

Water from the EPG 7 filled by it through perforations in the hydropower well 5 enters into it and moves further down the well channel to the runoff zone 13. In the absence of a hydropower unit in the well or in the underlying adit (or for other reasons for stopping the energy use of the well hydropower flow) in the well below the EPG overlap with an extractable packer (Volkov A.S., Tevzadze R.N. Tamponing of exploration wells. M., Nedra, 1986, p. 103, Fig. 45., [6]) figure 3 - node II on figure 1. When installing the packer, it is lowered into the well without rotation to a predetermined depth. Using the weight indicator of the drilling rig, the weight of the tool is determined and water is pumped into the drill pipe string to a pressure of 2.5-3.0 MPa, due to which the piston 18.2 moves to its lowest position and transfers pressure to the flange 18.8. The rubber element 18.9 is compressed and blocks the wellbore. In this case, the latch reliably holds the sealing element in a compressed state and is a device that blocks the wellbore. It stops the movement of water from the EPG to the runoff zone and ensures water conservation, eliminating its unproductive (water) losses.

To raise the extracted packer assembly from the well, the hydraulic pressure inside the drill pipe string is reduced by applying an axial load of 8-12 kN to it with right-hand rotation. After the separation of the two packer nodes, the extracted node is lifted from the well.

To generate electricity using a downhole hydroelectric power station (unit III in FIG. 1), a downhole hydraulic unit is installed above the drainage zone in the hydropower well below the drainage zone, the form of which is shown in FIG. 4. To do this, a hydraulic unit is lowered into a stepwise expanded borehole 11 using a main winch with a special controlled grip, representing the connected borehole electric generator 9 and a hydraulic turbine 10. After lowering and installing the hydraulic unit in place, the winch grip is disconnected from the tip 12. Simultaneously with lowering the hydraulic unit into the well using the second a winch operating in parallel with the main winch, the electric cable of the generator is lowered into the well, the other end of which is connected to the formation redelitelnomu 9.3 device installed on the surface. After installing the downhole hydraulic unit in the well, it is included in the work, the principle of which is as follows. Under the influence of the water flow in the well, the rotor of the hydraulic turbine 10 rotates, the rotation from it is transmitted to the armature of the downhole electric generator 9 connected to it. The downhole electric generator is oil-filled.

Thus, in the present invention, water from a surface source 3 through injection wells 4 (in this example, wells with a diameter of 89 mm in the amount of 12 pieces) through perforations 7 in them enters the EPG, fills it, forming underground water supplies.

In this example, the EPG is located at a depth of 320 m, its length is 530 m, and the thickness is 80-90 m. The volume of water that the EPG can accumulate is 0.68 million m ³ .

Hydropower well 6 was drilled with a diameter of 240 mm; its depth was 772 m.

After installing the downhole hydraulic unit in a hydropower well during its operation, water enters from the EPG into it, in which a water flow is established with a flow rate of Q = 0.02 m ³ / s. At the same time, a dynamic level N _d = 322 m is established in the well. Head level N _n = 450 m.

Taking into account the established parameters of the water flow in the borehole, its hydraulic power can be determined by formula (1), which is

For the considered example: ρ = 10 ³ kg / m ³ ; q = 9.8 m / s ² ; H _n = 450 m; Q = 0.02 m ³ / s. After substitution in the formula we get

N _r = 10 ³ kg / m ³ · 9.8 m / s to 450 m ² · 0.02 · m ³ / s = 88200 W = 88.2 kW.

Thus, the hydraulic power of the flow in a hydropower well near the water discharge zone is 88.2 kW.

With such a water flow equal to Q = 0.02 m ³ / s, the volume of accumulated water in the EPG is enough to work for 393 days. At the same time, at the rated load of the hydraulic unit using water accumulated in the EPG (0.68 million m ³ ), 513860 thousand kWh of electricity will be generated.

When using a downhole hydroelectric power station, for example, according to the US patent (Generation of electricity during the injection of a denste fluid into a subterranean formation. Patent US 4132269 A, class E 21 B 43/20, F 03 G 7/04, publ. 02.01 .1979, [4]) with its achievable efficiency equal to η = (0.75-0.85) at its output, as indicated above by the hydraulic flow, electric energy with a power of N _e = 65 kW can be generated. The generated electricity via an electric cable 9.1 (Fig. 1) installed in a hydropower well is transmitted to the day surface to the forming and distributing device 9.3.

A downhole vortex heat generator of a disk type can be installed in a well, for example (application for invention of the Russian Federation “Heat supply well” 2005100306/03 (000326), IPC E 03 B 3/00, F 24 H 4/02, author Eliseev A.D. Decision on the grant of a patent dated 05/23/2006, [5]), the hot water from which enters the downstream drainage zone, represented by the adit, through which it continues to be installed through the pipeline to the heat consumer. The power of the thermal energy generated in this case can be determined on the basis of the above hydraulic power of the flow in the well and the efficiency of the vortex heat generator.

The installation of a hydropower unit is also possible in the downstream drainage zone represented by the adit (node IV in FIG. 1), in particular of a vortex heat generator - Fig. 5 - or a hydroelectric generator - Fig. 6, while a technical advantage can be achieved. It consists in the fact that for the implementation of energy production, equipment can be used, including general industrial equipment, the dimensions of which are not limited by the size of the well (in comparison with the option of installing it in the well). Another advantage of such a scheme is that water after hydroelectric power units is not lost in the absorption zone, but through a pipeline installed in an adit, it is directed to a water or heat consumer and is not withdrawn from circulation.

In addition to the technical result, the achievement of which is ensured by the invention, its use allows you to:

- create a hydropower potential without flooding and removing surface lands and territories from the economic turnover, which is typical for dam building of hydropower potential;

- create a hydropower potential and seamlessly use it year-round in a sharply continental climate, this allows you to get rid of the known difficulties arising from the operation of dam small and micro hydroelectric power stations on small rivers in winter periods, including watercourses related to freezing;

- during flood periods, accumulate water in underground storage tanks and thereby reduce the volume of flood floods and reduce the negative effects of floods (flooding, destruction, etc.), and in mountain conditions - mudflows.

It is known (Pekhtin V.A., Fedorov M.P., Toloshinov A.V., Murin L.A., Zwick AM Transformation of water energy at hydroelectric power plants into hydrogen energy. Journal "Hydrotechnical construction", No. 1, 2006, p. 33., [7]) that 50% or more of the annual water flow is formed during the flood period. Accumulation of water during flood periods (usually spring-summer periods of the year) allows you to create its reserves for subsequent use during periods of greatest demand for energy resources generated using stored water (usually autumn-winter periods of the year, in particular for generating thermal energy) . Underground hydroaccumulation allows, to a certain extent, eliminating the contradiction that arises as a result of the fact that the greatest “inflow” of natural water is observed in the summer period of the year, and the greatest demand for energy that can be produced using water and hydropower converters is in the autumn-winter time. This predominant circumstance is important for the use of the invention in the areas of the so-called Northern Delivery, and its use will reduce the volume of fuel delivery and, accordingly, reduce the cost of implementing the Northern delivery.

The use of the invention allows to expand the possibilities of using non-traditional renewable energy sources (NVE).

The method can be used for non-energy purposes.

Information sources

1. Malinin N.K. Theoretical foundations of hydraulic engineering. M., Energoatomizdat, 1985

2. Gordeev P.V., Shemelkina V.A., Shulyakova O.K. Hydrogeology. M., "Higher School", 1990, pp. 321-325.

3. Karelin V.Ya. et al. Hydroelectric stations. / Ed. Prof. Karelina V.Ya. and Krivchenko G.N. M., Energoatomizdat, 1987

4. Generation of electricity during the injection of a denste fluid into a subterranean formation. US Pat. No. 4,132,269 A, cl. E 21 V 43/20, F 03 G 7/04, publ. 01/02/1979

5. Application for the invention of the Russian Federation “Heat supply well” 2005100306/03 (000326), IPC E 03 B 3/00, F 24 H 4/02, author Eliseev A.D. The decision to grant a patent dated 05/23/2006

6. Volkov A.S., Tevzadze R.N. Tamponing exploration wells. M., Nedra, 1986, p. 103, Fig. 45.

7. Pekhtin V.A., Fedorov M.P., Toloshinov A.V., Murin L.A., Zwick A.M. Converting water energy in hydroelectric power plants to hydrogen energy. The journal "Hydraulic Engineering", No. 1, 2006, p. 33.

Claims (3)

1. The method of hydroaccumulation, including determining the location of the underground storage tank, for example, the depth and volume of water-bearing rocks or underground sealed tanks, natural or industrial, drilling an injection well or wells thereto and communicating with a water source, filling the underground storage tank with water through an injection well , or due to the pressure arising at free, i.e. non-pressure movement of water in the well, or when it is pumped, characterized in that a hydropower well being a water conduit is drilled to a water outlet, for example, to an adit or a zone of its withdrawal or absorption, and a route of a hydropower well is chosen such that it has an underground capacity crossed or accumulated hydroaccumulation, and the water level in the hydropower well provides above the water flow, for example the roof of the adit or the zone of its departure or absorption, and the hydropower a well is performed with the possibility of installing a hydropower unit in it below the water level or installing it, for example, in an adit with connecting it to the outlet of the well, and an electric cable or pipeline is installed in the hydropower well or in the adit to transport the generated energy resource from the hydropower unit to the energy consumer. 2. The method of hydroaccumulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface water generated during flood periods is used for accumulation, for example, by communicating injection wells with surface water bodies during these periods. 3. The method of hydroaccumulation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the required periods interrupt the communication of the underground storage tank with the zone of water drainage, for example, using a recoverable packer installed in a hydropower well below the place of its communication with the underground storage tank.

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